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PAS 1
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Baral Sanjay Raj1 *, Swamy Shivakumar1 , Bhattarai Bimbishar1 , Dahal Prasanna , Evaluation of anti-ulcer activity of ethanolic extract of Dalbergia sissoo leaves in experimental animals. INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY Pharm. 2013, 4 (12) Accessed at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325038506_Evaluation_of_anti-ulcer_activity_of_ethanolic_extract_of_Dalbergia_sissoo_leaves_in_experimental_animals on Aug-7 2020
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PAS 2
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“anti-inflammatory activity of the 90% ethanolic extract of Dalbergia sissoo leaves” gave positive results [Hajare, S.W., Chandra, S., Sharma, J., Tandan, S.K., Lal, J. and Telang, A.G., 2001. Anti-inflammatory activity of Dalbergia sissoo leaves. Fitoterapia, 72(2), pp.131-139.
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PAS 3
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Azadirachta indica (Neem) which is a Mother of all therapeutical plant has been used extensively many decades ago and still been using for ritual and medicinal purposes. It's easy availability and low cost has allowed many people to gain benefit from this dynamic plant. Studies have been done widely from the leaves up to its bark to explore its therapeutical potentials. The phytochemical such as Azadirachtin, Nimbidin, Nimbin, Nimbinin, Nimbidinin, Nimbolide, Nimbidic acid, Nimbidin and Sodium Nimbidate derived from the Neem plant poses variety of pharmacological effects such as antipyretic, antiviral, analgesic, antibacterial, contraceptive and hepatoprotective effect and many more. Thus this review shows the active component and pharmacological and non pharmacological uses of Neem. [Nishan, Muthulinggam & Subramanian, Partiban. (2014). Pharmacological and non pharmacological activity of Azadirachta indica (Neem) -A review. International Journal of Biosciences. 5. 104-112. 10.12692/ijb/5.6.104-112.] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272419882_Pharmacological_and_non_pharmacological_activity_of_Azadirachta_indica_Neem_-A_review/citation/download
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PAS 4
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Quercetin and ß-sitosterol were first polyphenolic flavonoids purified from fresh leaves of neem and were known to have antifungal and antibacterial activities[. Govindachari T. R., Suresh G., Gopalakrishnan G., Banumathy B., Masilamani S. Identification of antifungal compounds from the seed oil of Azadirachta indica . Phytoparasitica. 1998;26(2):109–116. doi: 10.1007/bf02980677] antifungal[.Kher A., Chaurasia S. C. Antifungal activity of essential oils of three medical plants. Indian Drugs. 1997;15:41–42] and anti-inflammatory. Earlier investigators have confirmed their role as anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, antipyretic, hypoglycemic, antigastric ulcer, antifungal, antibacterial, and antitumour activities. [Clinical studies on the effect of Neem (Azadirachta indica) bark extract on gastric secretion and gastroduodenal ulcer.Bandyopadhyay U, Biswas K, Sengupta A, Moitra P, Dutta P, Sarkar D, Debnath P, Ganguly CK, Banerjee RK Life Sci. 2004 Oct 29; 75(24):2867-78.]
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PAS 5
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Neem (Azadirachta indica) is a member of the Meliaceae family and its role as health-promoting effect is attributed because it is rich source of antioxidant. It has been widely used in Chinese, Ayurvedic, and Unani medicines worldwide especially in Indian Subcontinent in the treatment and prevention of various diseases. Earlier finding confirmed that neem and its constituents play role in the scavenging of free radical generation and prevention of disease pathogenesis.[ Alzohairy, Mohammad A. “Therapeutics Role of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Their Active Constituents in Diseases Prevention and Treatment.” Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM vol. 2016 (2016): 7382506. doi:10.1155/2016/7382506] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4791507/#:~:text=Neem%20(Azadirachta%20indica)%20plants%20parts,effects%20in%20insects%20%5B18%5D.
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Agro Ecological Zone
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Agro Ecological Sub Region (ICAR) Central Highlands (Malwa), Gujarat Plain (5.1) , Agro-Climatic Zone (Planning Commission) Gujarat Plains and hills region (XIII), Agro Climatic Zone (NARP) North Saurashtra, South Saurashtra (GJ-6,GJ-7)
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Community Practices
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Ethno-Veterinary practices for ephemeral fever of Yak: A participatory assessment by the monpa tribe of Arunachal Pradesh “Monpa tribe of Arunachal Pradesh used different ethno-veterinary practices applicable against the ephemeral fever. Sociometry and Quantification of Indigenous Knowledge (QuIk) is applied for documentation and validation of ethno-veterinary practices. It is found that The Monpas are using seven ethno-veterinary practices against ephemeral fever. Out of these seven Thalictrum foliosum is found most significant practices.” https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236616313_Ethno-Veterinary_practices_for_ephemeral_fever_of_Yak_A_participatory_assessment_by_the_monpa_tribe_of_Arunachal_Pradesh
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Practice ID
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DTP0010000000 845
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Annotation ID
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GIAN/GAVL/1819
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Reference
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HBN database
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Disease
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Bovine ephemeral fever
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Disease Description
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Bovine ephemeral fever (or 3-day sickness) is an acute febrile illness of cattle and water buffaloes. Caused by an arthropod-borne rhabdovirus, bovine ephemeral fever virus (BEFV), the disease occurs seasonally over a vast expanse of the globe encompassing much of Africa, the Middle East, Asia and Australia. Although mortality rates are typically low, infection prevalence and morbidity rates during outbreaks are often very high, causing serious economic impacts through loss of milk production, poor cattle condition at sale and loss of traction power at harvest. There are also significant impacts on trade to regions in which the disease does not occur, including the Americas and most of Europe. In recent years, unusually severe outbreaks of bovine ephemeral fever have been reported from several regions in Asia and the Middle East, with mortality rates through disease or culling in excess of 10–20%. There are also concerns that, like other vector-borne diseases of livestock, the geographic distribution of bovine ephemeral fever could expand into regions that have historically been free of the disease. ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4624662/#CR6 )
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Management Practices
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Complete rest is the most effective approach to manage the mild conditions, and recovering animals should not be stressed or worked because relapse is likely. Anti-inflammatory drugs given early and in repeated doses for 2–3 days are effective. Oral dosing should be avoided unless the swallowing reflex is functional. Signs of hypocalcaemia are treated as for milk fever. Antibiotic treatment can be given to control secondary infection and rehydration with isotonic fluids may be advised.
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