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PAS 2
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"Dual role of milk on aphid and powdery mildew control in kale - Powdery mildew (PM) is the most important kale disease and it is more difficult to manage when plantsare simultaneously infested with aphids. In this work, we aimed at evaluating the contribution of asulphur-based fungicide, water, or cow’s milk to control PM as well as the aphids Brevicoryne brassicaeand Myzus persicae on kale under greenhouse conditions. We also assessed in vitro the effect of theproducts mentioned on their selective action on growth of the entomopathogenic fungus and the aphids.Four week-old plants naturally infested with aphids and PM were evaluated for disease severity and aphidcounts. Plants were sprayed weekly with milk (10% v/v), sulphur (2 g/L), or water. From 7 to 28 days afterthe experiment onset (DAEO), plants were evaluated weekly for the disease severity, number of eachaphid species, and number of fungal-colonized dead aphids. Milk and fungicide sprayed on plants reduceddisease (30% and 10%, respectively) compared to the water control (P ≤ 0.001). In addition, B. brassicaepopulation was reduced for the milk but not for the fungicide treatment at 21 DAEO. Surprisingly, the deadaphids were parasitized by a fungus identified as Cladosporium cladosporioides. Moreover, milk treatmentdid not interfere with C. cladosporioides in vitro growth. On the contrary, sulphur, copper oxychloride, andazoxystrobin reduced fungal growth. Additionally, C. cladosporioides, milk, and milk + C. cladosporioidesreduced B. brassicae and M. persicae populations. A dual role of milk on both powdery mildew and aphidcontrol reinforces the usefulness of this product on glasshouse kale production." https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299423011_Dual_role_of_milk_on_aphid_and_powdery_mildew_control_in_kale
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