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Creating Social-Innovations & Entrepreneurial Opportunities
for Himalayan Bio-Resources 

Sponsored By
Department of Biotechnology
Ministry of Science and Technology
Government of India

The Himalayan region, which is rich in bio-resources, also has a rich knowledge system. Although some are documented in research articles, news articles, books, and classical codified literature,  much remains to be documented and disseminated across the states in the local language. We are building a bilingual (Hindi and English) database of 1000 innovations and knowledge of the farmers, artisans,  mechanics, women, etc. The absence of a multilingual multimedia database of farmers’ innovations and knowledge may lead to “reinventing the wheel” in different geographies. Many of the local practices may have commercial value as well. Our idea is to document, disseminate, augment and trigger bio-enterprises based on socially or commercially viable technologies from and for the Himalayan region. The proposed platform will have innovations and traditional knowledge of agriculture, animal husbandry, culinary packable (pre-cooked)  dried dishes of uncultivated plants/weeds, etc., food and agro-processing, OTC herbal formulations, vegetative dyes, fibres, etc. An e-commerce platform and a catalogue listing of the best bio products from the Himalayan states and Union territories, supplemented by local market interventions, will be one of the concrete outcomes besides the bilingual database. The platform shall also aggregate products from the other programme-implementing agencies. While market linkages of entrepreneurial ventures of validated and value-added products will be facilitated, the adoption of climate-smart agriculture and resilient varieties will be facilitated through on-farm trials. If successful, this platform will become a resource for a) sustainable herbal biotechnological solutions, b) innovative small farm equipment, and c) nutritious recipes for uncultivated plants/weeds, providing alternate sources of nutrition for economically poor sections and other products of the region.

IDStateCategory-Human, Veterinary, AgricultureTitle of PracticeAilment/problempractice in detailProcess Of MakingIngredient/Plant)-1 (Write local name, English Name, Botanical nameEnglish NameBotanical NamePrior Art Search(PAS) Code-red: clinical studies done; green- AYUSH, Blue- In vitro or In vivo study done; Brown: only ethnographical report ; black: not reported or uniqueIUCN status Plant 1PAS-1PAS-2PAS-3PAS-4Knowledge Provider nameVillageBlockDistrict
LocalEnglishBotanical
1SikkimHumanTiteypati leaves use for wounds,fever & Nose bleeding.Wound, Feaver & Nose BleedingMaking a paste and put it on wound, Juice of leaves used in Fever, Prevent blood flowing from nose.
Paste and extract (crush leaves by hand and get juice)TitaypatiMugwortArtemisia vulgaris🟤 Brown, 🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Ekiert, H., Pajor, J., Klin, P., Rzepiela, A., Ślesak, H., & Szopa, A. (2020). Significance of Artemisia vulgaris L.(Common Mugwort) in the history of medicine and its possible contemporary applications substantiated by phytochemical and pharmacological studies. Molecules, 25(19), 4415.Durgabir Subba 9593387842Upper BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
2SikkimVeterinaryCannabis are use to cure gastrict and diarrhoea of cow & goat.Stomach problem gastrict and diarrhoeaGiven as fooder, Make paste and give with waterPaste, Drying (for off season availabilty)GanjaCannabiesCannabis sativa🟤 Brown, 🔵 Blue, 🔴 RedNot Evaluated (NE)Jain, N. K., Singh, S. P., & Singh, R. S. (1988). Hemp (Cannabis sativa) Residues for Livestock: A Note on the Effect of Water Treatment.1] Li, X., Wu, X., Cui, M., Hou, J., Yu, Z., & Gao, B. (2022). Cannabis sativa L. alleviates loperamide-induced constipation by modulating the composition of gut microbiota in mice. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 1033069.Abikeshar Khatiwada 9735032747Middle OnglopYangteyGeyzing
3SikkimHumanAbove ground parts-steamed and smelled during sinus trouble. Plant paste for fever, cold & cough and headache.

Sinus Trouble, Feaver, Cough & Cold and Headache.Crush the leaves and roots, boil it and smell it at time of cough,feaver and headache. Leaves are kept in banana leaves and heat with fire and vapour inhale to cure Sinus.Boil, Heat whole plant and juice (crush whole plant by hand)AbhijaloTropical chickweedDrymaria cordata🟤 Brown, 🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Kumari, S., Devi, P. M., & Singh, P. K. (n.d.). Drymaria cordata: Review at a glance. Interesjournals.Nono, N. R., Nzowa, K. L., Ngoupaye, G. T., Telefo, P. B., & Djimeli, P. N. (2014, March 31). Drymaria cordata (Linn.) Willd (Caryophyllaceae): Ethnobotany, Pharmacology and Phytochemistry.Kishore DulalUpper KyongshaYangthangGeyzing
4SikkimHumanUse Chimphing seed as food at time of Cough, Fever, Stomach pain and Gastrict.Cough, feaver, stomach pain and gastrict.Crush the seeds and drink with hot water to cure cough, feaver and stomach pain. Seeds chwim to cure gastrict.DryingChimphingNepali HogweedHeracleum nepalense🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Bahadori, M. B., Dinparast, L., & Zengin, G. (2016). The Genus Heracleum: A Comprehensive Review on Its Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Ethnobotanical Values as a Useful Herb. Journal of Functional Foods, 25, 569-583.Chandra bdr. GurungKhorongUpper LingchomGeyzing
5SikkimHumanCrush the roots and put it on wounds and part of Broken bones.Fracture and broken bones.Roots use to crush then make paste and apply on the place of fracture or broken bones then tight with cloths.Paste (Crush with the help of stones)BhuichampaIndian crocusKaempferia rotunda🟤 Brown, 🟢 GreenNot Evaluated (NE)Bhowmik, D., Chiranjib, B., Kumar, K. P. S., & Raja, K. P. (2014). Medicinal plants and bone healing. Pharmacognosy Journal, 6(4), 1-8.Krishikosh. (n.d.). Performance analysis of medicinal kaempferia species.Nanda lal GurungKhorongUpper LingchomGeyzing
6SikkimVeterinaryRoots used to cure lung diseases of cattleLung diseases of cattleRoots use to crush and make paste and give cattle with fooder.Paste (Crush with the help of stones)IndreyniBitter snake gourdTrichosanthes bracteata⚫ BlackNot Evaluated (NE)Kumari, R., Kushwaha, V., & Arya, V. K. (2025). Ethnobotanical and Pharmacological Potential of TrichosanthesSpecies.Verma, R., Singh, G. P., & Kumar, S. (2010). Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic activity of aqueous extract of Trichosanthes bracteata fruits in animal model. Pharmacologyonline, 1, 8-16.Pradeep TamangPragatiYangthangGeyzing
7SikkimHumanUse to control blood pressure.Blood pressureBoil like dal and eat with food or take as soup to cure high blood presuure.BoilingSisnuNettleUritca dioca🟤 Brown, 🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Kumari, S., Devi, P. M., & Singh, P. K. (2022). A review of the effects of Urtica dioica (nettle) in metabolic syndrome.Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 33(4), 499-506.Namazi, N., Esfanjani, A. T., Heshmati, J., Bahrami, A., & Nazemiyeh, H. (2025, June 11). A Systematic Review about Effects of Aerial Portions of Urtica dioica (Nettle) on Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Pharmacology, 8(5), 306–313.M.K. GurungDarapDarapGeyzing
8SikkimHumanUse for body pain, Back pain and give them to ladies at time of Pregnancy with Honey and milk.Body pain, Back Pain and Pragnent women (to cure pain quickly)Whole plant use to boil and drink like tea to cure back pain and body pain & give to prangnent woment mix with milk and honey.Boiling, Drying (kept for future use)HarchurLeafless mistletoeViscum articulatum🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Kumar, V., Kumar, P., Singh, S. K., & Sharma, M. (2017). Viscum articulatum Burm. f.: a review on its phytochemistry,pharmacology and traditional uses. ResearchGate.Geetha, B. S., Anjaneyulu, N., Malleswari, B., & Sandeep, D. (2013). Antioxidant potential of Viscum articulatum burm. Chronicles of Young Scientists, 4(1), 35–37.Nandalal GurungKhorongUpper LingchomGeyzing
9SikkimHumanUse for Blood clothing and back painBack painRhizome use to boil and eat as raw to cure back pain.Boiling, drying (kept for future use)BuriokahtiRiver astilbeAstilbe rivularis⚫ BlackNot Evaluated (NE)
Timalsena, S., & Lamichhane, P. P. (2016). Astilbe Rivularis: Bioactive Compounds and Pharmacological Functions.Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 25(10), 795-799.Pradhan, S., Pandit, B., Sharma, S., & Mohanty, J. P. (2022). Astilbe rivularis: Phytoconstituent and Pharmacological activity. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 14(4), 227-230.Abhikesar Khatiwara 9735032747Middle OnglopYangteyGeyzing
10SikkimVeterinaryAnimal fodderHerbal fodder for improving cattle milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedBamboo LeavesBambooDendrocalamus sikkimensis🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)
Aita Maya Subba 8372042540Lower BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
11SikkimVeterinaryAnimal feedHerbal fodder for improving cattle milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedHay grassPhleum pratense🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Aita Maya Subba 8372042540Lower BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
12SikkimVeterinaryAnimal feedHerbal fodder for improving cattle milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedNapierPennisetum purpureum🟤 BrownNot Listed (NE)Islam, M. R., Garcia, S. C., Islam, M. A., Bashar, M. K., Roy, A., Roy, B. K., Sarker, N. R., & Clark, C. E. F. (2024a). Ruminant Production from Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum): A Review. Animals, 14(3), 467. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14030467Muia, J. M. K., Abdulrazak, S. A., & Fujihara, T. (2000). The nutritive value of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and its potential for milk production with or without supplementation: A review. Tropical Grasslands, 34(2), 78-90.Aita Maya Subba 8372042540Lower BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
13SikkimVeterinaryAnimal fodderHerbal fodder for improving cattle milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedAmlisotiger grassThysanolaena maxima🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Alam, M. J., Rahman, M. M., & Alam, M. S. (2017). Cultivation, production and management techniques of broom grass (Thysanolaena maxima Roxb.) in hilly areas of Bangladesh. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 51(1), 20–24.Aita Maya Subba 8372042540Lower BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
14SikkimVeterinaryAnimal fodderHerbal fodder for improving cattle milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedRai khanewNot applicable-Aita Maya Subba 8372042540Lower BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
15SikkimVeterinaryAnimal fodderHerbal fodder for improving cattle milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedNebaroRoxburgh figFicus auriculata🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Heuzé, V., & Tran, G. (2015, October 5). Roxburgh fig (Ficus auriculata). Feedipedia, a programme by INRAE, CIRAD,AFZ and FAO.Kiden bhutia 9609775531Middle KyongshaYangteyGeyzing
16SikkimVeterinaryAnimal fodderHerbal fodder for improving cattle milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedBaarThysanolaena latifolia🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Alam, M. J., Rahman, M. M., & Alam, M. S. (2017). Cultivation, production and management techniques of broom grass (Thysanolaena maxima Roxb.) in hilly areas of Bangladesh. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 51(1), 20–24.Dorji, N. (2019). Effect of feeding broom grass (Thysanolaena maxima) as supplement during winter on milk yield and composition in Jersey cross cows. [BSc Thesis]. College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Lobesa.Ran bhadur SubeddiLower kyongshaYangteyGeyzing
17SikkimVeterinaryAnimal fodderHerbal fodder for improving cattle milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedBararThysanolaena maxima🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Alam, M. J., Rahman, M. M., & Alam, M. S. (2017). Cultivation, production and management techniques of broom grass (Thysanolaena maxima Roxb.) in hilly areas of Bangladesh. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 51(1), 20–24.Dorji, N. (2019). Effect of feeding broom grass (Thysanolaena maxima) as supplement during winter on milk yield and composition in Jersey cross cows. [BSc Thesis]. College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Lobesa.Ran bhadur SubeddiLower kyongshaYangteyGeyzing
18SikkimVeterinaryAnimal fodderHerbal fodder for improving cattle milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedFultarulCanna indica l.🟤 Brown, 🟢 GreenNot Evaluated (NE)Okonwu, K., & Ariaga, C. A. (2016). Nutritional Evaluation of Various Parts of Canna indica L. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 11(4), 1–5.Sharma, J. N. (2013). Potential of Canna Indica Rhizome as a source of energy for milk production in cows. [BSc Thesis]. College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Lobesa.Passang Bhutia 9609861022Middle kyongshaYangteyGeyzing
19SikkimVeterinaryAnimal fodderHerbal fodder for improving cattle milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedKutmeroThysanolaena agrostis⚫ BlackNot Evaluated (NE)Anita dulalMiddle KyongshaYangteyGeyzing
20SikkimVeterinaryAnimal fodderHerbal fodder for improving cattle milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedChuletroBrassaiopsis hainla⚫ BlackNot Evaluated (NE)Bhakta rai 9733149392Middle KyongshaYangteyGeyzing
21SikkimVeterinaryAnimal fodderHerbal fodder for improving cattle milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedLipeySetaria sphacelata🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)
Bhakta rai 9733149392Middle KyongshaYangteyGeyzing
22SikkimHumanUse for Proper Urination, Diabities and clen stomach.Urination, Diabities and clean stomach.Sticks of the plant eat like sugarcane to cure urination, stomach problem and diabities problem.Fresh usedBet laureeCostusCostus speciosus🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🔴 RedLeast Concern (LC)Azhagu Madhavan, S., Vijayalakshmi, M., Sangeetha, K., & Gayathri, M. (2021). A Literature Review of Anti-Diabetic Medicinal Plant Properties (Costus speices). Journal of Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences, 2(5), 305-310.Kamal GurungSardungUpper LingchomGeyzing
23SikkimHumanPlant used in JaundiceJaundiceRoots use to crush and extract juice use to drink to cure jaundice.Extract juice freshHalhaleyRumex nepallensis🟤 Brown, 🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)DB BasnetUpper BaluthangYangteyGeyzing
24SikkimVeterinaryAnimal fodder and masquito repellentFodder for improving cattle/goat weight gaining and masquito repellent.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle, use fresh grass use to fire to avoid masquito in rainy season.Fresh usedKuroHackelia uncinata🟤 BrownNot Evaluated / No dataTisgratog, R., Sanguanpong, U., Grieco, J., Ngoen-Kluan, R., & Chareonviriyaphap, T. (2016). Plants traditionally used as mosquito repellents and the implication for their use in vector control.. Acta tropica, 157, 136-44 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.024.Yavaşoğlu, S., Wood, M., Bull, J., Alkış, N., Doğan, E., Alkhaibari, A., & Butt, T. (2024). Novo plant-based mosquito repellent shows promise for exclusion of Aedes mosquitoes from “window” entry. Journal of Medical Entomology, 62, 39 - 46. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjae137.OM Bdr. Khadka 8145748982Dhangrey, BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
25SikkimHumanMosquito repellentMosquito repellentLeaves & small branches use to dry for 3 days in sunlight and use as inincense sticks to avoid maquitos and flys.DryingDhuppiCryptomeria japonica🔵 BlueNear ThreatenedGu, H., Cheng, S., Lin, C., Huang, C., Chen, W., & Chang, S. (2009). Repellency of essential oils of Cryptomeria japonica (Pinaceae) against adults of the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera:Culicidae).. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 57 23, 11127-33 . https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9024486.San Kr. Khatiwara 9735087569Upper BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
26SikkimHumanCrush the bark to cure fracture.FractureCrush the bark and make paste and bend it with cotton cloth on fracture.PasteGogunSaurauia napaulensis🟤 BrownLeast ConcernScientific validation not availableOM Bdr. Khadka 8145748982Dhangrey, BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
27SikkimHumanGinger used for cough and coldginger is used to cure cough and coldginger is roast in fire or fried in musterd oil and chew directlyRoast in fire and dried for future usesAdhuwaGingerZingiber officinale🔴 Red
🟢 Green
🔵 Blue
🟤 Brown
Data DeficientWang, Y., Wang, X., Tian, S., & Gao, H. (2024). [Prediction of mechanism of ginger-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma in intervening in cough due to cold and dampness in lung based on network pharmacology].. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica, 49 20, 5460-5468 . https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20240716.304.Akbar, S. (2020). Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberaceae). , 1957-1997. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16807-0_199.Man bdr limbooKageythangYangteyGeyzing
28SikkimHumanGarlic used for high blood presureGarlic is used to eat in high preasure to control high preasureGarlic is cook with food or eaten raw during high blood preasureBoiled or draying in sunlight for future useLashunGarlicAllium sativum
🔴 Red
🟢 Green
🔵 Blue
🟤 Brown

Not Evaluated / No dataSleiman, C., Daou, R., Hazzouri, A., Hamdan, Z., Ghadieh, H., Harbieh, B., & Romani, M. (2024). Garlic and Hypertension: Efficacy, Mechanism of Action, and Clinical Implications. Nutrients, 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172895.Ried, K. (2016). Garlic Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Individuals, Regulates Serum Cholesterol, and Stimulates Immunity: An Updated Meta-analysis and Review.. The Journal of nutrition, 146 2, 389S-396S . https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.202192.P.B Gautam 9647879414
Barthang
BurmiokGeyzing
29SikkimVeterinaryturmeric is used for ill local chickenTurmeric is used for wounded local chickenturmeric powder is mix with mustered oil and apply in wound of chickendrying in sunlight and mix with mustered oilHardiTurmericCurcuma longa
🟤 Brown
🔵 Blue
Not Evaluated / No dataAderemi, F., & Alabi, O. (2023). Turmeric (Curcuma longa): an alternative to antibiotics in poultry nutrition. Translational Animal Science, 7. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txad133.Rizwan, M., Irshad, H., Jamil, T., Tahir, S., Faraz, A., Babar, M., Din, Q., & Soomro, H. (2023). TURMERIC'S ROLE AS A NATURAL ANTIBIOTIC AGAINST IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DISEASES IN POULTRY. Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2023i1.602.P.B Gautam 9647879414BarthangBurmiokGeyzing
30SikkimHumanCrush the root and make paste to cure fracture.Fracture and skin cuts.Crush the roots and make paste, put that on wound or fracture. It is very sticky substance which use to cure skin cuts.PasteChiplePilea umbrosa Blume🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedScientific validation not availableResam lal Rai 977519287Lower OnglopYangteyGeyzing
31SikkimHumancrush its leaves and make gum to cure fractureFracture and to prevent blood flow from woundcrush leaves and gum of plant used for cure fracture and in cut woundsPasteGobre sallaHimlayan silver firAbies wabbiana🟤 BrownNear ThreatenedScientific validation not availableP.B Gautam 9647879414BarthangBurmiokGeyzing
32SikkimHumanRoot and Rhizome are used for to cure fever and skin diseasesfeaver and skin diseasesNot applicableNot Evaluated / No dataPromod, D. (2018). Haridra (Curcuma Longa Linn.) A Classical Review. . https://doi.org/10.18535/ijahm/v7i6.07.P.B Gautam 9647879414BarthangBurmiokGeyzing
33SikkimHumangum used in back pain and also for muscle painBack pain and muscle painGum (comes from shoot) used in back pain used as tea. Also used for muscle pain.The gum comes one time in six years.PasteBajranthQuercus lamellosa Smith🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedDing, L., Liu, J., Yao, Y., Guo, L., Chen, B., Cao, Y., & Girard, O. (2025). Caffeinated chewing gum enhances maximal strength and muscular endurance during bench press and back squat exercises in resistance-trained men. Frontiers in Nutrition, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1540552.Umeda, M., Kempka, L., Weatherby, A., Greenlee, B., & Mansion, K. (2016). Effects of caffeinated chewing gum on muscle pain during submaximal isometric exercise in individuals with fibromyalgia. Physiology & Behavior, 157, 139-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.02.008.Nandalal Gurung 7547985281KhorongUpper LingchomGeyzing
34SikkimHumanBoil the whole plant to control fever and diabetes.fever and diabetes.Whole plants boiled and take it as tea for treating fever and diabetes.boiled in waterChiraitoSwertia chirayita🔵 Blue
🟢 Green
🔴 Red
EndangeredDey, P., Singh, J., Suluvoy, J., Dilip, K., & Nayak, J. (2020). Utilization of Swertia chirayita Plant Extracts for Management of Diabetes and Associated Disorders: Present Status, Future Prospects and Limitations. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 10, 431 - 443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13659-020-00277-7.Bisht, D., Gupta, M., Srivastava, S., Datt, B., & Rawat, A. (2011). Comparative pharmacognostic evaluation of three species of Swertia L. (Gentianaceae).. Polymer Journal, 3, 7-12. https://doi.org/10.5530/PJ.2011.19.2.kumar limboo 8348490808Pragiti villageYangteyGeyzing
35SikkimHumanseeds are cursed to control high fever, asthma and throat pain.high fever, asthma and throat pain.seeds are cursed and take it with water to control high fever, asthma and throat pain.crushed with stone and taken ith waterTotala flowerOroxylum indicum🔵 Blue
🟢Green
🔴 Red
🟤 Brown
Not Evaluated, though widely used medicinallyJagetia, G. (2021). A Review on the Medicinal and Pharmacological Properties of Traditional Ethnomedicinal Plant Sonapatha, Oroxylum indicum. Sinusitis. https://doi.org/10.3390/SINUSITIS5010009.Lee, A., Kang, S., Park, S., Huang, J., & Im, D. (2016). Anti-Allergic Effect of Oroxylin A from Oroxylum indicum Using in vivo and in vitro Experiments. Biomolecules & Therapeutics, 24, 283 - 290. https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2016.071.Sanjay hang subbaTashiding villageTashidingGeyzing
36SikkimHumanFruits used for Gastric and food poisoning.Gastric and Food poisoning.Fruits use to make pasteand consumed for Food poisoning and Gastric.crush or dry in sun light for future useBokay timburZanthoxylum acanthopodium🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedSeptama, A., Rahmi, E., Tasfiyati, A., Khairunnisa, N., Nasution, H., Nirmal, N., Banjarnahor, S., , N., & Priyatmojo, D. (2024). Chemical profiles and antibacterial actions of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. Essential oil growing in Indonesia.. Fitoterapia, 180, 106300 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106300.Yang, J., Song, X., Hu, H., Zhong, W., Cao, R., Xu, Y., & Li, R. (2022). Chemical Composition and Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiviral, and Larvicidal Activities of the Essential Oils of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. from China and Myanmar. Molecules, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165243.Sanjay hang SubbaTashiding villageTashidingGeyzing
37SikkimHumanLeaves and stems used on cuts to stop bleeding and infection.Cuts, bleeding and infection.Leaves and stems extract used on cuts to stop bleeding and infection.crush in handBanmaraEupatorium cannabium🟤 BrownNot Evaluated / No dataVlase, G., Segneanu, A., Bejenaru, L., Bradu, I., Sicoe, C., Vlase, T., Mogoșanu, G., Buema, G., Herea, D., Ciocîlteu, M., & Bejenaru, C. (2025). Wild-Grown Romanian Eupatorium cannabinum: Advancing Phyto-Nanocarriers via Maltodextrin Micro-Spray Encapsulation—Metabolite Profiling, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxicity Insights. Polymers, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17040482.Wang, X., , S., Lai, F., Wang, Y., & Lou, C. (2020). Traditional Applications, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities of Eupatorium lindleyanum DC.: A Comprehensive Review. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.577124.Topgay Bhutia 9679632125Middle KyongshaYangteyGeyzing
38SikkimHumanSeeds are consumed stone issues and treating chicken pox.stone issues and chicken pox.Seeds are consumed as dal in stone issues and for treating chicken pox.boiled in waterGahatDolichus uniflorus🔴 Red
🟢 Green
🔵 Blue
🟤 Brown
Not Evaluated / No dataScientific validation not availableRan Maya Gurungkhorang villageUpper LingchomeGeyzing
39SikkimHumanRoots use for inhaled to cure sinusitis.sinusitis issueRoots are crushed and inhaled to cure sinusitis.crush and boil in waterPinase laraClematic buchnaniana🟤 BrownNot Evaluated / No dataScientific validation not availableRan Maya Gurungkhorang villageUpper LingchomGeyzing
40SikkimHumanWhole plant is Used as laxativelaxative problemWhole plant is Used to crush and make powder to cure laxative.PasteKutkiPicrorhiza kurooa🔵 Blue
🟢 Green
🟤 Brown
VulnerableAkbar, S. (2020). Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth.(Plantaginaceae). In Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants: A Comprehensive Review of Their Traditional Medical Uses and Scientific Justifications (pp. 1409-1417). Cham: Springer International Publishing.Man Kumar RaiBhadung villageUpper KyongshaGeyzing
41SikkimHumanStem used for urinary problem and roots for tonic.urinary problem and tonic.Stem of the herb make paste and powder for urinary problem and roots are talking as tonic.PasteKukur DaineySmilax zeylanica🟤 Brown
🟢 Green
Not Evaluated / No dataDas, T., Mishra, S. B., Saha, D., & Agarwal, S. (2012). Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by ethnic and rural people in Eastern Sikkim Himalayan region. African Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 4(1), 16-20.Man Kumar RaiBhadung villageUpper KyongshaGeyzing
42SikkimHumanTree bark to cure diarrhoea.diarrhoea.Tree bark and shoots juice mix with water use to cure diarrhoea.boiled in waterGuava treePsiddium guajava🔵 Blue
🟢 Green
🔴 Red
🟤 Brown
Not Evaluated / No dataLiu, C., Jullian, V., & Chassagne, F. (2024). Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and biological activities of Psidium guajava in the treatment of diarrhea: a review. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15, 1459066.ISIAHO, I. B. (2024). UTILITY OF HOSPITAL DATA TO CHARACTERIZE DIARRHOEAL BACTERIA AND THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO GUAVA LEAF (Psidium guajava) EXTRACTS IN VIHIGA COUNTY, KENYA (Doctoral dissertation).Bikash DarjeePragiti villageUpper KyongshaGeyzing
43SikkimAgricultureRoots for food colour.Food colour.Roots make powder and use for food colour.Dry in sunlightMajitoRubia cordifolia🔵 Blue
🟢 Green
Not Evaluated / No dataKaur, P., Chandel, M., Kumar, S., Kumar, N., Singh, B., & Kaur, S. (2010). Modulatory role of alizarin from Rubia cordifolia L. against genotoxicity of mutagens.. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 48 1, 320-5 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.019.Murthy, H., Joseph, K., Paek, K., & Park, S. (2022). Anthraquinone Production from Cell and Organ Cultures of Rubia Species: An Overview. Metabolites, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010039.Amchung Maily BhutiaPragiti villageMiddle KyongshaGeyzing
44SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooderHerbal fodder for improving cattle milk productionRhizomes, use as fooder and shoot use for stalking.Fresh usedThulo narkatArundo donax L.🟤 Brown
🟢 Green
🔵 Blue
Not Evaluated / No dataRajput, P., & Chaubey, K. K. (2023). Biological Activities and Medicinal Uses of Arundo Donax L. In Aquatic Medicinal Plants (pp. 163-174). CRC Press.Sachan, K., Chaudhary, A. K., Ahmad, S., & Nagarajan, K. (2023). ARUNDO DONAX L.: A SCIENTIFIC UPDATE. Indian Drugs, 60(03), 03.Amchung Maily BhutiaPragiti villageMiddle KyongshaGeyzing
45SikkimHumanFruits for Diabetic paitent.Diabeticfruits use to boil and give to Diabetic patient.boiled in waterYongchakParkia roxburghii🟤 Brown
🔵 Blue
Not Evaluated / No dataSheikh, Y., Maibam, B. C., Talukdar, N. C., Deka, D. C., & Borah, J. C. (2016). In vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective effects of edible pods of Parkia roxburghii and quantification of the active constituent by HPLC-PDA. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 191, 21-28.Abhishaker khatiwara 9735032747Middle OmlogeYangteyGeyzing
46SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooderFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedKimbuMorus alba🟤 Brown
🔵 Blue
🔴 Red
🟢 Green
Not Evaluated / No dataAyaz, M., Ullah, F., Sadiq, A., Nawaz, A., Yessimbekov, Z., & Ashraf, M. (2023). Morus alba L. In Himalayan Fruits and Berries (pp. 251-270). Academic Press.Abhishaker khatiwara 9735032747Middle OmlogeYangteyGeyzing
47SikkimVeterinarySeeds, protect eggs traditionally.protect eggsSeeds kept with eggs to protect traditionally.whole fruit keept with EggBaldhangrayEntada scandens🟤 BrownNot Evaluated / No dataNo scientifc validationAbhishaker khatiwara 9735032747Middle OmlogeYangteyGeyzing
48SikkimHumanuse as fooderFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedThumbaiLeucas asper🟢 GreenNot Evaluated / No dataDe La Torre-Santos, S., Royo, L., Martínez-Fernández, A., Chocarro, C., & Vicente, F. (2020). The Mode of Grass Supply to Dairy Cows Impacts on Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profile of Milk. Foods, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091256.Bikash Gurung 9609025496Hee GoawDengtamGeyzing
49SikkimHumanbark to cure diarrhoea.diarrhoea.bark crushed and chew to cure diarrhoea.crushed with stone and taken ith waterAmbakPsidium guajava🔴 RedNear ThreatenedLin, J., Puckree, T., & Mvelase, T. (2002). Anti-diarrhoeal evaluation of some medicinal plants used by Zulu traditional healers.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 79 1, 53-6 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00353-1.Garrido, G., Garrido-Suárez, B., Tapia, N., Valdes-Gonzalez, M., & Ortega-Mardones, A. (2024). Antidiarrheal effect of Psidium guajava L. extract in acute diarrhea: a systematic review.. Journal of the science of food and agriculture. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.13515.Bikash Gurung 9609025496Hee GoawDengtamGeyzing
50SikkimHumanNot applicable-KIshore Limboo 9382115328Gurthang villageGurthangGeyzing
51SikkimHumanFruits, roots and shoot eat during high feaver & tonsil.high feaver & tonsil.Fruits eaten raw, roots and shoots eat raw during high feaver & tonsil.eaten rawAisiloBlackberryRubus ulmifolius🟤 BrownLeast ConcernMehiou, M., Saalaoui, E., El Mansouri, L., Boukhira, S., Afif, A., & El Moussaoui, A. (2024). Rubus ulmifolius Schott: A comprehensive review of its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological effects.Dall'Acqua, S., Panizzi, L., & Senatore, F. (2008). Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties of some traditional Sardinian medicinal plants: Investigation of the high antioxidant capacity of Rubus ulmifolius. Food Chemistry, 106(2), 745-749Amar SubbaPragiti villageYangteyGeyzing
52SikkimHumanArial part to cure diarrhoea.diarrhoea.Arial parts eat raw to cure diarrhoea.Eaten rawChariamilo, Amilo jharOxalis Stricta🟤 BrownLeast ConcernUllah, I., Akhtar, S., Adnan, M., Nawab, J., Ullah, S., & Abdullah-Al-Wadud, M. (2025). Ethnobotanical knowledge and ethnomedicinal uses of plant resources by urban communities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: a novel urban ethnobotanical approach. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed, 21(13). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-025-00766-4Pandey, A. K., & Singh, P. (2014). Antidiarrhoeal activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Oxalis corniculata Klotzsch in rats. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272470993_Antidiarrhoeal_activity_of_aqueoUsand_methanolic_extracts_of_Oxalis_corniculata_Klotzsch_in_ratsAmar SubbaPragiti villageYangteyGeyzing
53SikkimHumanuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedDudhe JhaarTaraxacum officinale🔵 BlueLeast ConcernLi, Y., Mei, J., Wang, J., & Liu, H. (2023). Effects of dandelion (Taraxacum sp.,) supplements on lactation performance, antioxidative activity, and plasma metabolome in primiparous dairy cows. Anim Biosci, 36(2), 229-237. https://doi.fm/10.5713/ab.22.0061Loten LepchaSimbala villageLower lingchoGeyzing
54SikkimHumanflowers use to cure tonsil.tonsil.Flowers use to dry and raw and take like tea to cure tonsil.Dry in sunlightRhododendronRhododendron spp.🟤 BrownSpecies specificPopescu, R., & Kopp, B. (2013). The genus Rhododendron: An ethnopharmacological and toxicological review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 147(1), 42-62.(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235775729_The_genus_Rhododendron_An_ethnopharmacological_and_toxicological_review)Hem kumar raiBadung villageUpper KyongshaGeyzing
55SikkimHumanFungal body and anti aging.Fungal bodyMake powder and take with milk or water.drying in sun lightYarsagumbaOphiocordyceps sinensis🔴 RedEndangeredDas, G., Shin, H. S., Leyva-Gómez, G., Del Prado-Audelo, M. L., Cortes, H., Singh, Y. D.,... & Patra, J. K. (2021). Cordyceps spp.: A Review on Its Immune-Stimulatory and Other Biological Potentials. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11, 602364. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.602364Kamal Gurung
Sardung
lower lingchomGeyzing
56SikkimHumanNot applicable-San Kr. Khatiwara
bhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
57SikkimHumanStems use to cure Abscess.AbscessStem use to make paste and apply on Abscess.PasteHimalayan OrchidCymbidium spp.⚫BlackNear ThreatenedHossain, M. M. (2023). Medicinal Use, Flower Trade, Preservation and Mass Propagation Techniques of Cymbidium Orchids—An Overview. Horticulturae, 9(6), 690. https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/6/690Sujin, R.M.; Jeeva, S.; Subin, R.M. (2021). Cymbidium aloifolium: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Phytochem. Pharmacol. Asp. Ethnomedicinal Plants, 363–371.Tshering Gysto LepchaLumYangteyGeyzing
58SikkimHumanuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedDzomsa (Bamboo)Bambusa spp.🟤 BrownLeast ConcernChichaghare, A. R., Bhosale, T. R., & Kumar, I. (2021). Bamboo as a fodder for livestock. Van Sangyan, 8(6), 17-21.(Pond, W. G., & O'Connor, J. (2007). Nutritive value of bamboo as browse for livestock. Journal of Animal Science, 85(E-Suppl 1), E1-E7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232018248_Nutritive_value_of_bamboo_as_browse_for_livestockAbhikesar KhatiwaraOnglopYangteyGeyzing
59SikkimHumanroots use to remove tapwarm.tapwarmRoots use to eat raw to cure tapwarm.Eaten rawSiru (Stinging Nettle)Urtica dioica🔵 BlueLeast ConcernDevkota, H. P., Paudel, K. R., Khanal, S., Baral, A., Panth, N., Adhikari-Devkota, A.,... & Chellappan, D. K. (2022). Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.): Nutritional Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Food Functional Properties. Molecules, 27(16), 5219. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165219Khan, A. A., Hussain, M., & Hussain, A. (2023). Urtica dioica (Stinging nettle): A Comprehensive Concise Review on its Nutritional Profile and Therapeutic Applications. ResearchGateAbhikesar KhatiwaraOnglopYangteyGeyzing
60SikkimHumanBark use to cure bone fracture.bone fracture.Bark use to crush and make paste and apply with bandage on fracture.PasteSinkauliCinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) Nees and Eberm.🟢 GreenData DeficientSharma, V., & Rao, L. J. M. (2014). An overview on chemical composition, bioactivity and processing of leaves of Cinnamomum tamala. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 54(4), 433-448. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10408398.2011.587615Shaikh, M. M., & Singh, J. (2024). Phytopharmacological activities of Cinnamomum tamala. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 12(1), 58-63.(https://www.plantsjournal.com/archives/2024/vol12issue1/PartB/12-1-10-649.pdf)Singh, A., Singh, J., & Singh, R. (2015). Cissus quadrangularis: A review on its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 9(18), 105–112. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5512407/Sarmila LimbuLower BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
61SikkimHumanFruits use to cure Dirrhoea and dysentery.Dirrhoea and dysentery.Fruit use to preserve in salt for 7 years and cure Dirrhoea and dysentery.Soak in salt for 7 years.BajaratCitrus medica L🔵 BlueLeast ConcernPanara, K., Joshi, K., & Nishteswar, K. (2012). A Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Citrus medica Linn. International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archives, 3(6), 1292-1297Damintri ChettriUpper BhaluthangYangtayGeyzing
62SikkimHumanCooked and eat to contol Cholesterol & DiabetesCholesterol & DiabetesFruit use to boil and eat to contol Cholesterol & Diabetes.boiling in waterGithaDioscorea bulbifera L.🔵 BlueLeast ConcernGhosh, S., More, P., Derle, A., Patil, A. B., Markad, P., Asok, A.,... & Chopade, B. A. (2014). Diosgenin from Dioscorea bulbifera: Novel Hit for Treatment of Type II Diabetes Mellitus with Inhibitory Activity against α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase. PLoS One, 9(9), e106039. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106039Zhang, F., Wang, Z., Tao, S., Tao, S., Ma, Q., & Huang, G. (2023). Dioscorea spp.: Bioactive Compounds and Potential for the Treatment of Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases. Molecules, 28(6), 2878. https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2878Shiva Kr. RaiHatidungaYangteyGeyzing
63SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.boiling in waterBan tarulDioscorea hamiltonii Hook.f🟤 BrownNot Evaluated / No dataKumar, S., Das, G., Shin, H. S., & Patra, J. K. (2017). Dioscorea spp. (A Wild Edible Tuber): A Study on Its Ethnopharmacological Potential and Traditional Use by the Local People of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, India. Front Pharmacol, 8, 52. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00052Akinyemi, F. O., & Akinyemi, S. O. (2020). Potential of Neglected and Underutilized Yams (Dioscorea spp.) for Improving Nutritional Security and Health Benefits. PubMed Central. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7193077/Shiva Kr. RaiHatidungaYangteyGeyzing
64SikkimHumanBoiled and eat Cooked contol Diabetes and remove Tap warm.Diabetes and remove Tap warm.Boiled the root and eat to control Diabetes and remove Tap warm.boiling in waterBhyagurDioscorea pentaphylla L.🟤 BrownNot Evaluated / No dataZhang, F., Wang, Z., Tao, S., Tao, S., Ma, Q., & Huang, G. (2023). Dioscorea spp.: Bioactive Compounds and Potential for the Treatment of Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases. Molecules, 28(6), 2878. https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2878Kumari, R., Thakur, A., Thakur, P., Sharma, V., Sharma, R., Upmanyu, S.,... & Chaudhary, A. (2025). An Update on the Nutritional and Therapeutic Potential of Dioscorea oppositifolia. Food Science & Nutrition, 13(5), e70179. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70179Nirmala ChettriBhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
65SikkimVeterinaryBark use for remove leech from cattle Nose.remove leech from cattle NoseBark use to crush and extract juice, juice apply in cattle nose.Crushed with stoneChiuriDiploknema butyracea (Roxb.) Baehni⚫BlackNot Evaluated / No dataChhetri, S. B. B., Khatri, D., & Parajuli, K. (2020). Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Analgesic Activities of Aqueous Extract of Diploknema butyracea (Roxb.) H.J. Lam Bark. ScientificWorldJournal, 2020, 6141847. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6141847Topgay BhutiaPragatiYangteyGeyzing
66SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedBhui AiseluDuchesna indica
(Andrews) Focke
🔵 BlueLeast ConcernBorg, J., & Camilleri, C. (2019). Assessment of Milk Quality in Dairy Farms Fed with Hydroponic Fodder. Journal of Chemistry, 2019. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6853134/Buffa, A. M., & Ricciardi, G. (2022). Opuntia as an Innovative Alternative Feed for Sustainable Animal Production Systems: A Review. Agriculture, 12(7), 964. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9265056/Chandra Bdr. GurungKhorangYangteyGeyzing
67SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedGagletoElatostema platyphyllum Wedd⚫BlackNot Evaluated / No dataUpadhyay, A. K., Gogoi, R., & Mitra, P. K. (2021). Ethnobotany of the genus Elatostema J.R. Forster & G. Forster. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 21, 1–24. https://ethnobotanyjournal.org/index.php/era/article/view/2551Yang, L., & Li, Y. (2017). Prioritizing fodder species based on traditional knowledge: a case study of mithun (Bos frontalis) in Dulongjiang area, Yunnan Province, Southwest China. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 13(1), 27. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5418811/Ash badr subba
lower OnglopYangteyGeyzing
68SikkimHumanSeeds use to eat to control Dirrhoea.DirrhoeaSeeds are washed, roasted and eaten to control Dirrhoea.Roast in firePangraEntada scandens (L.) Benth🟤 BrownNot Evaluated / No dataMahmudur Rahman, Dey S.K, Hira A, Abd El-Raheem Ahmed, Howlader Md. SI, Khatun A, Siraj Md. A. (2013). Phytochemical screening and pharmacological activities of Entada scandens seeds. International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products, 6(1).Lalduhsanga, P., Lalrinngheta, J., Zothanpuia, R., & Lalchhandama, K. (2024). Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by various ethnic tribes of Mizoram, India. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 24(1), 273. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11086894/Bhim badr chettrilower OnglopYangtayGeyzing
69SikkimHumanLeaves use for improve skin health.improve skin health.Leaves use to make chutny and eat to improve skin health.mixing with chilliBhote dhaniaEryngium foetidum L🔵 BlueNot Evaluated / No dataPaul, J. H. A., Seaforth, C. E., & Tikasingh, T. (2011). Eryngium foetidum L.: a review. Fitoterapia, 82(3), 302-308. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0367326XPaul, J. H. A., Seaforth, C. E., & Tikasingh, T. (2011). Eryngium foetidum L.: A review. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/47729078_Eryngium_foetidum_L_A_reviewBhim badr chettrilower OnglopYangteyGeyzing
70SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedAmbakeyEugenia Kurzii Duthie🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedLim, T. K. (2011). Eugenia uniflora. In Edible Medicinal And Non Medicinal Plants: Volume 3, Fruits (pp. 620-630). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.Rup maya raiSakyongYangteyGeyzing
71SikkimHumanfruits and seeds used as appetizer.Use as appetizer.fruits and seeds used to crush and eat raw as appetizer and condimentsCrushed with stoneKhanakpaEvodia fraxinifolia (D. Don) Hook.f.🟤 BrownLeast ConcernNo scientific validationRasham lal railower AmlogYangteyGeyzing
72SikkimHumanCooked and eat to contol Cholesterol & DiabetesCholesterol & DiabetesMake powder use to roast and eat to control Cholesterol & DiabetesRoast in fireTite phaparFagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) H. Hara🔵 BlueNot EvaluatedZhang, L. L., He, Y., Sheng, F., Hu, Y. F., Song, Y., Li, W., ... & Zou, L. (2021). Towards a better understanding of Fagopyrum dibotrys: a systematic review. Chinese medicine, 16(1), 89.Li, X., Liu, J., Chang, Q., Zhou, Z., Han, R., & Liang, Z. (2021). Antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of proanthocyanidins from Fagopyrum dibotrys. Molecules, 26(9), 2417.Chandra Bdr. Gurungmiddle amlokYangteyGeyzing
73SikkimVeterinaryoff season use as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle in off season.Fresh usedKabraFicus benjamina L.🟤 BrownLeast ConcernMufamadi, T. (2021). Chemical composition, ruminal degradability and in-vitro post ruminal digestibility of ficus polita and ficus benjamina leaves (Doctoral dissertation).Bhanu kumar Khatiwaramiddle amlokYangteyGeyzing
74SikkimHumanGum use to apply on abscess.Abscess.Fresh gum direct apply on abscess.Fresh usedLutey KhanewFicus clavata Wall. Ex Miq.🟤 BrownLeast ConcernNo scientific validationBhanu kumar Khatiwaramiddle amlokYangteyGeyzing
75SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedKhasretoFicus hirta Vahl🟤 Brown CodeLeast ConcernKunwar, R. M., & Bussmann, R. W. (2006). Ficus (Fig) species in Nepal: a review of diversity and indigenous uses. Lyonia, 11(1), 85-97.Lepcha, C. H. U. Z. I. N. G., & Sharma, B. (2021). Diversity of Ficus L.(Moraceae) and ITS uses in Sikkim Himalayas (India). Int. J. Bot. Res, 11(2), 39-56.Man rani raimiddle amlokYangteyGeyzing
76SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedKhasreFicus hispida L.F.🟤 Brown CodeLeast ConcernLepcha, C. H. U. Z. I. N. G., & Sharma, B. (2021). Diversity of Ficus L.(Moraceae) and ITS uses in Sikkim Himalayas (India). Int. J. Bot. Res, 11(2), 39-56.Chandra kalo limboolower amlokYangteyGeyzing
77SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle in off season.Fresh usedKavraFicus lacor Buch.- Ham.🔵 Blue CodeLeast ConcernAmatya, N., & Rajbhandary, S. B. (1990). In vitro propagation of Ficus lacor Buch. Ham. Banko Janakari, 3(1), 30-35.Buddhi lal limboolower amlokYangteyGeyzing
78SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedKhasre KhaneuFicus semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex Sm🟤 Brown CodeNot EvaluatedAmatya, S. M. (1989). Ficus semicordata Buch. Ham. ex Sm. and its taxonomy.Buddhi lal limboolower amlokYangteyGeyzing
79SikkimHumanLeaves and flower use for foot joint ligament engery.joint ligament engery.Flowers and leaves use to boil and take as shoup to cure joint ligament engery.boiling in waterBhangre sisnuGirardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedNjogu, P. M. (2007). Phytochemical investigation and antimicrobial activity of girardinia diversifolia (link) friis (urticaceae) (Doctoral dissertation, University of NAIROBI).PB GautamBarthangYangteyGeyzing
80SikkimHumanSeeds roasted and make oil to baby head massage.baby head massage.Seeds roasted and extract oil to do baby head massage.Roast in firePhilungeGuizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass🟤 Brown CodeNot EvaluatedNo scientific validationPB GautamBarthangYangteyGeyzing
81SikkimHumanSeeds roasted and eat for high source of protien.high source of protien.Seeds roasted and crush them then eat for high source of protien.Roast in fireGhiuphalHedgsonia heteroclita Hook.f. and Thomson🔵 Blue CodeNot EvaluatedReang, M., Chakraborty, K., & Banik, B. HODGSONIA MACROCARPA (CUCURBITACEAE): A VULNERABLE TRADITIONAL NUT AND POTENTIAL HIGH-YIELD OIL SEED FROM TRIPURA, NORTHEAST INDIA.Mang lal limbooupper linchungDengtamGeyzing
82SikkimHumanOuter parts use to cleen teeths.cleen teeths.Outer part use to cleen the teeth traditionaly.Crushed and used to clean teethOkharJuglans regia L.🔵 Blue CodeNot EvaluatedKhattak, P., Khalil, T. F., Bibi, S., Jabeen, H., Muhammad, N., Khan, M. A., & Liaqat, S. (2022). Juglans regia (walnut tree) bark in dentistry: walnut tree bark in dentistry. Pakistan BioMedical Journal, 152-156.Alkhawajah, A. M. (1997). Studies on the antimicrobial activity of Juglans regia. The American journal of Chinese medicine, 25(02), 175-180.Amirou, A., Mekhfi, H., Bussmann, R. W., & Khojimatov, O. K. (2024). Juglans regia L. Juglandaceae. In Ethnobotany of Northern Africa and Levant (pp. 1191-1210). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.Al-Rawi, R., Bashir, Y., Mustafa, A., Omar, M., Al-Rawi, N., Saeed, M., ... & Al-Rawi, N. H. (2021). Teeth whitening and antibacterial effects of Juglans regia bark: a preliminary study. International Journal of Dentistry, 2021(1), 6685437.Tek bir subbatikjek villageLingchomeGeyzing
83SikkimHumanCooked and eat to contol DiabetesDiabetesLeaves and young shoots use to boil and eat as shoup for Diabetes.boiling in waterPatle sisnuLaportia terminalis Wight🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedNo scientific validationAbiral Thapa6th mile villageGeyzingGeyzing
84SikkimHumanSeeds use for Gastric problemGastric problemSeeds use to crush and eat raw to cure Gastric problem.Crushed with stone and eaten with chilliSiltimburLindera neesiana (Wall ex Nees) Kurz.🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedNo scientific validationOma subbaPragiti villageYangteyGeyzing
85SikkimHumanFruits to Pragnent womenfor Protien sourceProtien SourceFruits eat raw by pragnent women for protien source.Eaten rawPumsiMachilus edulis King.ex Hook.fi🔵 BlueNot EvaluatedNo scientific validationPardeep Tamang 9775952855Pragiti villageYangteyGeyzing
86SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooder to goat for dirrhoea.goat for dirrhoea.Fresh grass fed to goat to control dirrhoea.Fresh usedChindeMacropanax dispermus (Wallich ex G. Don) Seemann🔵 BlueNot EvaluatedNo scientific validationPardeep Tamang 9775952855Pragiti villageYangteyGeyzing
87SikkimAgricultureextract juice to kill wood boring insects.kill wood boring insects.Leaves and young shoots crushed and extract juice to kill wood boring insects.crushed with stone and mix with fresh waterAngereeMelastoma malabathricum L.🔵 Blue CodeNot EvaluatedRana, R., Samal, I., & Bhoi, T. K. (2022). Traditional methods of insect pest management in India. SOUVENIR &.Nima Dorjee BhutiaPragiti villageYangteyGeyzing
88SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedKaphalMyrica esculenta Buch.- Ham.ex D. Don🔵 Blue CodeNot EvaluatedKabra, A., Martins, N., Sharma, R., Kabra, R., & Baghel, U. S. (2019). Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don: A natural source for health promotion and disease prevention. Plants, 8(6), 149.Nima Dorjee BhutiaPragiti villageYangteyGeyzing
89SikkimHumanLeaves and stem use to control blood presuure.control blood presuure.Leaves and stem use to boil and eat to control blood presuure.boiling in waterSimrayoNasturtium officinale W. T. Aiton🔵 Blue CodeNot EvaluatedNo scientific validationDadhi ram chettriUppwer baluthangYangteyGeyzing
90SikkimHumanTuber use to cure Urinary problem.Urinary problem.Tubers use to crush and extract juice and drink to cure Urinary problem.crushed with stonePani amalaNephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedChettri, D., Pradhan, S., Saha, D., & Chowdhury, M. (2024). Traditional healing and antimicrobial role of the herbal drug against UTIs by ethnic people of Darjeeling tea gardens, India. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge (IJTK), 23(2), 170-181.Garga maan Gajilower amlokYangteyGeyzing
91SikkimHumanseeds are cursed to control high fever, asthma and throat pain.high fever, asthma and throat pain.seeds are cursed and take it with water to control high fever, asthma and throat pain.crushed with stoneTotolaOroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. Ex Kurz🔵 BlueNot EvaluatedHarminder, S. V., & Chaudhary, A. K. (2011). A review on the taxonomy, ethnobotany, chemistry and pharmacology of Oroxylum indicum vent. Indian J Pharm Sci, 73(5), 483-90.Ran maya gurungKhorangLower LingchomGeyzing
92SikkimHumanFruits aare use to eat for face cleanFace cleaningFruits are consumed raw and crushed and make juice for clean and glow skin.Eaten raw or crush in mixerAmalaPhyllanthus emblica L.🔵 BlueNot EvaluatedTimudom, T., Chaiyasut, C., Sivamaruthi, B. S., Tiampasook, P., & Nacapunchai, D. (2020). Anti-sebum efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica L.(emblica) toner on facial skin. Applied Sciences, 10(22), 8193.Durga bir subbaBaluthangYangteyGeyzing
93SikkimVeterinaryuse as fodder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedAmphiPyrularia edulis (Wall.) A. DC⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedDidn't found any.Suk bdr RaiLower OnglopyangteyGeyzing
94SikkimHumanComsumed ripe fruits and consume to cure dirrhoea and disentry.cure dirrhoea and disentry.Comsumed ripe fruits raw and preserve long time (crush and make juice boili it) cure dirrhoea and disentry.eaten raw or dry in sun lightMaelPyrus pashia Buch.- Ham.ex D. Don🔴 Red , 🔴 REDLeast ConcernOm, P., Gopinath, M., Kumar, M., Kumar, S., & Kudachikar, V. (2021). Ethanolic extract of Pyrus pashia buch ham ex. D. Don (kainth): A bioaccessible source of polyphenols with anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 114628 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114628.Janbaz, K., Ahsan, M., Saqib, F., Imran, I., Zia‐ul‐Haq, M., Rashid, M., Jaafar, H., & Moga, M. (2015). Scientific Basis for Use of Pyrus pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don. Fruit in Gastrointestinal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Ailments. PLoS ONE, 10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118605.Sarmila LimbuLower BhaluthangyangteyGeyzing
95SikkimHumanflowers use to cure tonsil.tonsil.Flowers use to dry and raw and take like tea to cure tonsil.drying in sunlightLali guransRhododendron arboreum Smith🔵 BLUELeast ConcernShilpa, C., & Divya, V. (2024). PHARMACOLOGICAL BENEFITS AND CONSERVATION STRATEGIES OF RHODODENDRON ARBORETUM SM.: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW. International Journal on Biological Sciences. https://doi.org/10.53390/ijbs.2024.15104.Damintri ChettriUpper BhaluthangyangteyGeyzing
96SikkimHumanComsumed ripe fruits and consume to cure dirrhoea and disentry.cure dirrhoea and disentry.Comsumed ripe fruits raw to cure dirrhoea and disentry.Eaten rawBhakimloRhus Chinensis Miller🔵 BLUE, 🔵 BLUENot EvaluatedLi, M., Wang, A., Zhang, Y., Han, T., Guan, L., Fan, D., Liu, J., & Xu, Y. (2022). A comprehensive review on ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Rhus chinensis Mill.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 115288 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115288.Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Yi, J., & Cai, S. (2022). Phytochemical characteristics and biological activities of Rhus chinensis Mill.: a review. Current Opinion in Food Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100925.Shiva Kr. RaiHatidungaSorengGeyzing
97SikkimHumanYoung shoots for throth pain.throth pain.Young shoots eat raw to cure throth pain.Eaten rawAiseluRubus ellipticus Sm🔵 BLUELeast ConcernLamichhane, A., Lamichhane, G., & Devkota, H. (2023). Yellow Himalayan Raspberry (Rubus ellipticus Sm.): Ethnomedicinal, Nutraceutical, and Pharmacological Aspects. Molecules, 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166071.Shiva Kr. RaiHatidungaSorengGeyzing
98SikkimHumanFruits use for Torpid fever, diarrheaTorpid fever and diarrhea.Ripe Fruits eat raw to cure Torpid fever and diarrhea.Eaten rawBan kakriSolena amplexicaulis (Lam.)🟢 GREENNot EvaluatedKrishnamoorthy, K., & Subramaniam, P. (2014). Phytochemical Profiling of Leaf, Stem, and Tuber Parts of Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi Using GC-MS. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/567409.Topgay BhutiaPragatiYangteyGeyzing
99SikkimHumanGreen fruit use for control blood pressure.Control Blood pressureGreen fruit is eaten as vegetable to control blood pressure.boiling in waterSyano BeeSolanum pseudocapsicum L🔴 REDNot EvaluatedBadami, S., Prakash, O., Dongre, S., & Suresh, B. (2005). In vitro antioxidant properties of Solanum pseudocapsicum leaf extracts. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 37, 251-252. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.16573.Chandra Bdr. GurungKhoranglower lingchomeGeyzing
100SikkimHumanFruit use to control dirrhoea.control dirrhoea.Ripe Fruit eat raw and boil to make juice to cure dirrhoea.Eaten rawTitriTamarindus indica L.🔵 BLUELeast ConcernMukherjee, D., Deb, J., Deb, N., Saha, S., & Chakraborty, S. (2024). Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review on Tamarindus indica L.. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. https://doi.org/10.22271/phyto.2024.v13.i1b.14820.Ash badr subbalower OnglopYangteyGeyzing
101SikkimHumanSeeds use to cure tonsil and feaver.tonsil and feaver.Seeds are chewed to cure tonsil and feaver.chewed rawBarraTerminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb.🔵 BLUE, 🔵 BLUELeast ConcernGupta, A., Kumar, R., Bhattacharyya, P., Bishayee, A., & Pandey, A. (2020). Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) roxb. (Bahera) in health and disease: A systematic and comprehensive review.. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 77, 153278 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153278.Kumar, N., & Khurana, S. (2018). Phytochemistry and medicinal potential of the Terminalia bellirica Roxb. ( Bahera ). Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources, 9, 97-107.Bhim badr chettrilower OnglopYangteyGeyzing
102SikkimHumanSeeds use to cure tonsil and feaver.tonsil and cough.Seeds are chewed to cure tonsil and cough.chewed rawHarraTerminalia chebula Retz.🔵 BLUE , 🔵 BLUELeast ConcernTiwari, M., & Barooah, M. (2023). A comprehensive review on the ethno-medicinal and pharmacological properties of Terminalia chebula fruit. Phytochemistry Reviews, 23, 125-145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-023-09878-9.Nigam, M., Mishra, A., Adhikari-Devkota, A., Dirar, A., Adhikari, A., Belwal, T., & Devkota, H. (2020). Fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz.: A review on traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Phytotherapy Research, 34, 2518 - 2533. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6702.Bhim badr chettrilower OnglopYangteyGeyzing
103SikkimHumanFruits cure stomach issues, toothache, chest infections, dental problems and digestive problems.stomach issues, toothache, chest infections, dental problems and digestive problems.Fruitsuse to crush or make dried and take with water to cure stomach issues, toothache, chest infections, dental problems and digestive problems.crushed with stoneBoke timurZanthoxylum armatum DC.🔵 BLUE , 🔵 BLUEVulnerableMukhtar, H., & Kalsi, V. (2018). A review on medicinal properties of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 11, 2131-2138. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00395.5.Phuyal, N., Jha, P., Raturi, P., & Rajbhandary, S. (2019). Zanthoxylum armatum DC.: Current knowledge, gaps and opportunities in Nepal.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 229, 326-341 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.010.Abikeshar Khatiwada 9735032747Middle OnglopYangteyGeyzing
104SikkimHumanFruit use for diseases such as heartburn biliousness and biliousness.heartburn biliousness and biliousness.Fruit is eaten raw or preserved Fruits it is used to treat various diseases such as heartburn biliousness and biliousness.Eaten rawBayerZiziphus mauritiana Lam.🔴 RED, 🔵 BLUELeast ConcernAkanda, M., & Hasan, A. (2021). Characterization of pharmacological properties of methanolic seed and stem bark extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana (BAU Kul) using in-vitro and in-vivo animal (Swiss albino male mice) model. Clinical Phytoscience, 7, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40816-020-00246-0.Hussain, S., Butt, S., & Munawar, K. (2021). Phytochemistry of Ziziphus Mauritiana; its Nutritional and Pharmaceutical Potential. Scientific Inquiry and Review. https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.52.01.Rasham lal railower AmlogyangteyGeyzing
105SikkimHumanYoung shoots used in treatment of wound, fever and asthamawound, fever and asthama.Young shoots Eaten as vegetable in treatment of wound, fever and asthama.fried or boiledTamarkeCissampelos pareira L🔵 BLUENot EvaluatedDa Silva Mendes, J., Cunha, W., Rodrigues, F., Silveira, E., De Lima, R., & Da Costa, J. (2020). Cissampelos genus: biological activities, ethnobotanical and phytochemical aspects. Phytochemistry Reviews, 19, 955 - 982. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-020-09695-4.Chandra Bdr. Gurungmiddle amlokYangteyGeyzing
106SikkimHumanFruits use for TonicTonicFruits use to crush and chew raw as Tonic.crush with stoneLalgeriAbrus precatorius🔵 BLUE , 🔵 BLUELeast ConcernQian, H., Wang, L., Li, Y., Wang, B., Li, C., Fang, L., & Tang, L. (2022). The traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Abrus precatorius L.: A comprehensive review.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 115463 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115463.Das, S., & Bhakta, S. (2020). The medicinal values of Abrus precatorius: a review study. , 3, 84. https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2020.d111.Bhanu kumar Khatiwaramiddle amlokYangteyGeyzing
107SikkimHumanRoot/Rhizome use for Vermifuge and fever .Vermifuge and feverRoot/Rhizome use to boil and take water to cure Vermifuge and fever.boiling in waterBojhoAcorus calamus🔵 BLUENot EvaluatedRajput, S., Tonge, M., & Karuppayil, S. (2014). An overview on traditional uses and pharmacological profile of Acorus calamus Linn. (Sweet flag) and other Acorus species.. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 21 3, 268-76 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2013.09.020.Bhanu kumar Khatiwaramiddle amlokYangteyGeyzing
108SikkimHumanFruits use for TonicTonicRoots use to boil and take as tonic.boiling in waterBikh, AtishAconitum heterophyllum🔵 BLUE, 🔴 REDEndangeredWani, T., Kaloo, Z., & Dangroo, N. (2021). Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle: A critically endangered medicinal herb with rich potential for use in medicine.. Journal of integrative medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2021.12.004., A., Sharma, M., Suresh, P., Gupta, S., & Sharma, U. (2023). NADES-based selective extraction of bioactive molecules: A case study with commercially important Himalayan medicinal plant Aconitum heterophyllum. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2023.101305.Man rani raimiddle amlokYangteyGeyzing
109SikkimHumanFruits used to treat diarrhea.treat diarrheaFruits used to crush and make juice to treat diarrhea.crushed with stoneBaelAegle marmelos🔴 REDLeast ConcernBrijesh, S., , D., Tetali, P., Antia, N., & Birdi, T. (2009). Bmc Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies on the Antidiarrhoeal Activity of Aegle Marmelos Unripe Fruit: Validating Its Traditional Usage. .Chandra kalo limboolower amlokYangteyGeyzing
110SikkimHumanRoot use to cure Diabetes, jaundice, urinary disorderDiabetes, jaundice, urinary disorder.Root use to crush and make juice for Diabetes, jaundice and urinary disorder.crushed with stoneKuriloAsparagus racemosus🔵 BLUENot EvaluatedSingh, N., Garg, M., Prajapati, P., Singh, P., Chopra, R., Kumari, A., & Mittal, A. (2023). Adaptogenic property of Asparagus racemosus: Future trends and prospects.. Heliyon, 9 4, e14932 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14932.Buddhi lal limboolower amlokYangteyGeyzing
111SikkimHumanroots use for snakebite and skin diseases.snakebite and skin diseasesroots use to make paste and apply on snakebite and skin diseasescrushed with stoneBikh, Bish,Aconitum ferox🔵 BLUECritically EndangeredMasal, A., & Shinde, A. (2023). Vatsanabha (Aconitum ferox Wall. ex Seringe): A known Visha but potent medicine W.S.R. Rasa Ratna Samuchchaya. International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine. https://doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v14i3.3684.Kharka bdr. GurungkhorangUpper LingchomGeyzing
112SikkimHumanroot used as remedy for asthma, cough and fever.asthma, cough and fever.roots use to boil and take drink to cure asthma, cough and fever.boiling in waterAsuruAdatoda vasica🔵 BLUENot EvaluatedBiharee, A., Bhartiya, S., Dubey, D., Yadav, R., Sharma, A., Pathak, S., Chaudhary, A., & Yadav, A. (2022). Ethnobotanical notes and pharmacological overview of traditional plant: Adhatoda vasica. Dermatological Reviews, 4, 211 - 222. https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.170.Passang BhutiaPragati VillageyangteyGeyzing
113SikkimHumanUse as an anti-septic, treatment of small fox, as tooth brush, prophylactic for mouth & teeth.anti-septic, small fox, as tooth brush, prophylactic for mouth & teeth.As an anti-septic, treatment of small fox, as tooth brush, prophylactic for mouth & teeth, used as febrifuge.boiling in waterNimpatiAzadirachta indica🔵 BLUELeast ConcernDevi, J., & Sharma, R. (2023). Medicinal Importance of Azadirachta indica: An Overview. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i6.5992.Ran maya GurungKhorongupper lingchomGeyzing
114SikkimHumanUsed in diabetesdiabetesFruits eat raw and from seeds extract oil for diabetes.Eaten rawChewriAesandra butyraceae🔴 REDLeast ConcernMariño, E., Richards, J., McLeod, K., Stanley, D., Yap, Y., Knight, J., McKenzie, C., Kranich, J., Oliveira, A., Rossello, F., Krishnamurthy, B., Nefzger, C., Macia, L., Thorburn, A., Baxter, A., Morahan, G., Wong, L., Polo, J., Moore, R., Lockett, T., Clarke, J., Topping, D., Harrison, L., & Mackay, C. (2017). Gut microbial metabolites limit the frequency of autoimmune T cells and protect against type 1 diabetes. Nature Immunology, 18, 552-562. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3713.Arjun GurungKhorongUpper ling chomGeyzing
115SikkimHumanraw bulb treat cough and cold also ease the symptoms of altitude sickness.cough and cold also ease the symptoms of altitude sickness.Seasoning spices and raw bulb chewed to treat cough and cold an also ease the symptoms of altitude sickness.crushed and eaten with vegetableBan LasunAllium wallichi🔵 BLUENot EvaluatedYan, J., Zhu, J., Liu, Y., Chen, X., Wang, W., Zhang, H., & Li, L. (2022). Recent advances in research on Allium plants: functional ingredients, physiological activities, and applications in agricultural and food sciences. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 63, 8107 - 8135. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2056132.Kishore DulalUpper KyongshayangteyGeyzing
116SikkimHumanLeaves used on burns, purgative, efficacious in treatment of leucoderma.burns, purgative, efficacious in treatment of leucoderma.Leaves crush and make paste on burns, purgative, efficacious in treatment of leucoderma.crush with stoneGhiukumariAloe barbadensis🔴 Red , 🟢 Green, 🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)Maenthaisong, R., Chaiyakunapruk, N., Niruntraporn, S., & Kongkaew, C. (2007). The efficacy of aloe vera used for burn wound healing: a systematic review. Burns, 33(6), 713–718.Bhakta RaiLower BadungyangteyGeyzing
117SikkimHumanBark use as tonic.as tonicBark use to crush and boil and take as tonic.boiling in waterChatiwanAlstonia scholaris🟢 Green, 🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Upadhyay, A. K., Kumar, K., Kumar, A., & Mishra, H. S. (2010). Pharmacological activities of Alstonia scholaris: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 4(3), 82–87.Chandra bdr. GurungKhoronglower lingchomGeyzing
118SikkimHumanfruits use as Stomachic, heart and liver tonicStomachic, heart and liver tonicSeeds use to crush and take as juice for Stomachic, heart and liver toniccrush with stone or in mixerElaichiAmomum subulatum🟤 BrownData Deficient (DD)Dixit, S., Agrawal, R., & Jain, S. (2021). Cardioprotective Action of Amomum Subulatum. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Rural Health, 4(3), 85-89.Nanda lal GurungKhorongUpper lingchomeGeyzing
119SikkimHumanYoung shoots use to cure diarrhea.treat diarrheaYoung shoots use to take raw to cure diarrhea.Eaten RawThotneAconogonum molle🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Joshi, K. R., Devkota, H. P., Watanabe, T., & Yahara, S. (2014). Thotneosides A, B and C: Potent Antioxidants from Nepalese Crude Drug, Leaves of Aconogonon molle. Journal of Natural Medicines, 68(1), 224-228.Bhim badur subbaSimbala villageTashidingGeyzing
120SikkimHumanRoot & rhizome use as Tonic and fever.As Tonic and fever.Root & rhizome use to boil and take as Tonic and to cure fever.Eaten RawPakhanbedBerginia ciliata🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Hussain, A., et al. (2022). Botanical standardization of raw herbal drug Pashanabheda [Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb.] used in Indian Systems of Medicine. CABI Digital Library. Retrieved from https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/20220149272Chauhan, M., Gangwar, M., Kumar, D., & Singh, A. P. (2015). Bergenia ciliata mine of medicinal propertiesRam KhatiwaraUpper BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
121SikkimHumanbark is useful in skin disease.skin disease.Bark use to crush and make paste and use for skin disease.Crushed with stoneVerlaBauhinia vahlii🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Evaluation of effects of Bauhinia variegata stem bark extracts against milk-induced eosinophilia in mice.Bentham Open. (n.d.). In Vivo Study for Anti-inflammatory Activity of Bauhinia variegata L. Leaves.Bhimraj SubbaPragati VillageYangteyGeyzing
122SikkimHumanFlower taken to cure dysentery, diarrhea & stomach pain and Fruits are used for blood purification.dysentery, diarrhea & stomach pain and blood purification.Flower use to crush and make juice is taken to cure dysentery, diarrhea & stomach pain and Fruits take raw for blood purification.crushed in stone or in mixtureKoiralaBauhinia variegata🟢 Green, 🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)Sachan, R., Sharma, G., & Kumar, M. (2020). Bauhinia variegata: A comprehensive review on bioactive compounds, health benefits and utilization. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(4), 1-8.Alam, M. M., Khan, M. A., & Ahmad, S. (2021). Quantification of biochemical compounds in Bauhinia variegata Linn flower extract and its hepatoprotective effect. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research, 12(1), 1-7.Yogesh GurungKhasmal Pellinglower pellingGeyzing
123SikkimHumanbark is used to control diarrhoeacontrol diarrhoea.The bark is used to crush and boil to control diarrhoea.crushed and boiled in waterTankiBauhinia purpurea🟢 Green, 🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)Negi, B. S., Dave, B. P., & Agarwal, Y. K. (2012). Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Bauhinia purpurea leaves under in vitro conditions. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 52(3), 360-365. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3460113/Umarani, P., Muthusamy, P., & Jayakar, B. (2011). Bauhinia purpurea Linn.: A review of its ethnobotany, phytochemical and pharmacological profile. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant, 5(4), 420-431. Retrieved from https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=rjmp.2011.420.431M.K. GurungDarap NambuDarapGeyzing
124SikkimHumanExtracts from stalks used for venereal disease.venereal disease.Juice extracts from stalks used for venereal disease.Crush in stoneMagar KanhceBagonia picta⚫BlackNot Evaluated (NE)Roy, S., Barik, P., Samal, K. C., & Singh, P. K. (2025). Begonia species: a review on its ethnobotany, phytochemicals, and biological activities. Planta, 261(1), 1-27. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/392553907_Begonia_species_a_review_on_its_ethnobotany_phytochemicals_and_biological_activitiesNisha, S., Prasad, K. D., & Renuka, I. (2018). Biological studies on leaves and stems of Begonia picta. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(3), 1167-1175. Retrieved from https://ijpsr.com/bft-article/biological-studies-on-leaves-and-stems-of-begonia-picta/Nandalal GurungKhorangUpper LingchomGeyzing
125SikkimHumanFruits used in jaundice and malariajaundice and malariafruits are crushed and make juice to cure jaundice and malaria.crush with HandChutroBerberis aristata🔴 Red , 🟢 Green, 🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)
Sharma, R., Chaudhary, D., Kaur, R., & Kumari, S. (2024). The medicinal plant Berberis aristata and its endophytes for pharmacological applications. Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 12(4), 37-46Sharma, A., Sharma, R., & Gupta, D. (2024). Unveiling the Medicinal Potential of Berberis aristata: A Traditional Native Plant of UttarakhandAbhikesar KhatiwaraMiddle OnglopYangteyGeyzing
126SikkimHumanBark use for woundswoundsBark used to crush and heal up the woundsCrushed with stoneBhojpatraBetula utilis🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Rajan, P., Gupta, S., & Sharda, A. (2014). Pharmacological and Phytochemical Properties of Betula utilis: An Overview. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 5(5), 284-290. Retrieved from https://www.rjpbcs.com/pdf/2014_5(5)/[39].pdfKumar, Y., Garg, K., Singh, S., Kumar, J., Saha, S., Singh, K., ... & Kumar, A. (2025, April 5). Betula utilis (Bhojpatra): A potent herb with its traditional uses, phytochemistry, clinical application, pharmacology, and toxicology. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. Retrieved from https://japsonline.com/abstract.php?article_id=4512&sts=2Abhikesar KhatiwaraMiddle OnglopYangteyGeyzing
127SikkimHumanBark use for dysentery.dysenteryBark use chew raw to cure dysentery.Eaten rawKainjalBischofia javanica🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Dey, A., Saha, S., Mandal, S., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (n.d.). A Review on Traditional Use and Phytopharmacological Potential of Bischofia javanica Blume. Global Research Online. Retrieved from https://globalresearchonline.net/journalcontents/v24-2/05.pdfDey, A., Saha, S., Mandal, S., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (2025, March 29). A review on traditional use and phytopharmacological potential of Bischofia javanica blume. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288820858_A_review_on_traditional_use_and_phytopharmacological_potential_of_Bischofia_javanica_blumeKamal GurungSardunglower lingchomGeyzing
128SikkimHumanBark use for diarrheadiarrheaBark use to boil and take as drink to cure diarrhea.boiling in waterSimalBombax ceiba🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Chaudhary, P. H., & Khadabadi, S. S. (2012). Bombax ceiba Linn.: Pharmacognosy, Ethnobotany and Phyto-pharmacology. Pharmacognosy Communications, 2(3), 2-9. Retrieved from https://phcogcommn.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/PharmacognCommn_2_3_2.pdfDB BasnetUpper BaluthangYangteyGeyzing
129SikkimHumanLeaves used in skin complaint.skin complaintsLeaves use to crush and make juice and apply in skin complaints.crushed with handBhinsenpateeBuddleja asiatica🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Mohamed, M., Allia, M., & El-Toumy, S. A. (2013). Cytotoxic activity of Buddleja asiatica. Life Science Journal, 10(1), 2773-2777.Ahmad, I., Malik, A., Gilani, A. H., Khan, R. A., & Shah, A. J. (2011). Studies on Buddleja asiatica antibacterial, antifungal, antispasmodic and Ca++ antagonist activities. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(39), 7679-7683.San Kr. KhatiwaraUpper BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
130SikkimHumanThe bark use to treat fever.treat fever.The bark juice is given to treat fever.Crushed with stoneGuaheloCallicarpa arborea🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)
Lalthanpuii, P. B., & Lalchhandama, K. (2019). Beautyberry (Callicarpa arborea) as an Antiparasitic Agent Against Raillietina echinobothrida, an Intestinal Tapeworm. Pharmacognosy Journal, 12(1), 1670-1674.OM Bdr. KhadkaDhangrey, BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
131SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedSumaliCallicarpa macrophylla🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Rahim, A., Gahlot, G., Jakhmola, V., & Gairola, N. (2025). Pharmacological and Traditional Insights into Callicarpa macrophylla: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Natural Remedies. Retrieved from https://informaticsjournals.co.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/46366Soni, R. K., Dixit, V., Irchhaiya, R., & Alok, S. (2014). CALLICARPA MACROPHYLLA: A REVIEW UPDATE ON ITS BOTANY, ETHNOBOTANY, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY. International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 1(2), 87-94.OM Bdr. KhadkaDhangrey, BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
132SikkimHumanLatex used in sprain & swellingsprain & swellingPlant use to crush and get Latex which used in sprain & swellingCrushed with stoneAnkhCalotropis gigantea🟢 Green, 🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)
Nalwaya, N., Pokharna, G., Deb, L., & Jain, N. K. (2009). Wound healing activity of latex of Calotropis gigantea.International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1(1), 87-90.Netmeds. (2025, June 13). Calotropis Gigantea: Health Benefits, Uses And Home Remedies Of This Healing Herb.Resam lal RaiLower OnglopYangteyGeyzing
133SikkimHumanLeaves use as digestive enzyme.digestive enzymeThe digestive enzyme papain is extracted from the milky sapEaten RawMewaCarica papaya🔴 Red , 🟢 Green, 🔵 BlueData Deficient (DD)
Raj, S. R., & Sanjiv, R. (n.d.). Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Carica papaya - ResearchGate.Nandalal GurungKhorangUpper LinchomGeyzing
134SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedRaj brikshaCassia fistula🔴 Red , 🟢 Green, 🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)
Olubiyi, R. I., Ajayi, A. O., Ososanya, T. O., Ayeni, A. O., & Owolabi, B. B. (2023). Influence of Cassia fistula leaf powder on in vitro ruminal fermentation, gas production and degradability of diets for ruminants. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 161(1), 1–11.Verma, R., & Gupta, A. K. (n.d.). The Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Cassia fistula.Jharna Chettri 9732454746langgangyangteyGeyzing
135SikkimHumanThe leaf for stomach pain &The root is used for ringwormstomach pain. ringworm.The leaf powder is given to relieve stomach pain. The root paste is used for ringworm.drying in sunlightMethi zartrigonella foenum-graecum L🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedJharna Chettri 9732454746langgangYangteyGeyzing
136SikkimHumanLeaves are used for skin disease and Urinary discharges.skin disease and Urinary discharges.Leaves are used to boil and drink for skin disease and Urinary discharges.Boiling in waterGora tapreyCentella asiatica🔴 Red , 🟢 Green, 🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)
Pharmacological Review on Centella asiatica: A Potential Herbal Cure-all. (n.d.). PMC.Jharna Chettri 9732454746langgangYangteyGeyzing
137SikkimHumanuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedSinkauliCinnamomum tamala🟢 Green, 🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)Singh, S. (2022). Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. Nees & Eberm: A Review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 10(1), 16-20.Patel, P., Jani, V., & Jani, A. K. (2020). A comprehensive review on Cinnamomum tamala (Indian Bay Leaf). Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 10(1), 167-171.Sangay tenzing BhutiaBadung villageyangteyGeyzing
138SikkimHumanFruit peel for Stomach problems and jaundisce.Stomach problems and jaundisce.Fruit peel use to dried to make powder for Stomach problems and jaundisce.drying in sunlightSuntalaCitrus indica🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Razavi, S. M., Soroosh, S., Pirouznia, N., & Khajouee, A. (2020). Citrus species: A Review of Traditional Uses,Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 26(1), 45-66.Liu, Y., Zhao, K., Li, Z., Guo, S., Zheng, B., Han, Y., ... & Dong, H. (2024). Nobiletin from citrus peel: a promising therapeutic agent for liver disease-pharmacological characteristics, mechanisms, and potential applications.Pharmacological Research, 199, 107005.sangay tenzing BhutiaBadung villageyangteyGeyzing
139SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedPinaasey laharaClematis buchnaniana🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)

sangay tenzing BhutiaBadung villageyangteyGeyzing
140SikkimHumanleaves for tonic and febrifuge.tonic and febrifuge.Leaves are use to make fresh juice for tonic and febrifuge.Crushed with handChituClerodendron infertunatumr🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)

Bhattacharjee, S., & Saha, S. (2011). Clerodendrum infortunatum Linn. (Verbenaceae): A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 10(1), 127-132.Kawsila chettri 7872973340Pragiti villageYangteyGeyzing
141SikkimHumanwhole plant built up immune system.immune systemwhole plant dried and use to make powder for built up immune system.DriedYarcha gombukCordyceps sinensis🔴 Red, 🔵 BlueVulnerable (VU)
Chen, P. X., Wang, S., Nie, S., & Marcone, M. (2013). Properties of Cordyceps Sinensis: A review. Journal of Functional Foods, 5(2), 550–569. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.01.034. 8Kuo MC, Chang CY, Cheng TL, Wu MJ. (2007). Immunomodulatory effect of exo-polysaccharides from submerged cultured Cordyceps sinensis: enhancement of cytokine synthesis, CD11b expression, and phagocytosis. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 75(4), 769–775. doi: 10.1007/s00253-007-0880-5. 9Kawsila chettri 7872973340Pragiti villageYangteyGeyzing
142SikkimHumanLeaves use for wounds and burns.wounds and burns.It is also used in healing wounds, ulcers, burns.Eaten RawCalendulaCalendula officinalis🔴 Red, 🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)
Chandran, P. K., & Kuttan, R. (2008). Effect of Calendula officinalis Flower Extract on Acute Phase Proteins, Antioxidant Defense Mechanism and Granuloma Formation During Thermal Burns. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 43(2), 58–64. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.2008043. 11Rezai, S., Rahzani, K., Hekmatpou, D., & Rostami, A. (2022). Effect of oral Calendula officinalis on second-degree burn wound healing. Scars, Burns & Healing, 8. doi: 10.1177/20595131221134053. 10Rasham lal railower AmlogYangteyGeyzing
143SikkimHumanleaves used for diuretic.diuretic.leaves are use to boil and drink for diuretic.Boiling in waterSadabaharCatharanthus roseus🔴 Red, 🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)
Goyal, M., & Kumar, A. (2023). Pharmacological potential of bioactive compounds found in Catharanthus roseus extract: A comprehensive review. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 40, 100684. doi: 10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100684. 12Chandra Bdr. Gurungmiddle amlokYangteyGeyzing
144SikkimHumanleaves throat troubles and pilesthroat troubles and pilesleaves use to boil and eat like soup for throat troubles and pilesBoiling in waterBethu SaagChenopodium album🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)
Bhatia, M., Singh, S., Pagare, S., & Kumar, B. (2020). A PHARMACOLOGICAL COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON CHENOPODIUM ALBUM L. International Journal of Current Research, 12(12), 15360-15368. doi: 10.24941/ijcr.40425.12.2020. 17OM Bdr. Khadka 8145748982Dhangrey, BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
145SikkimHumanFruits are used typhoid and dysentery.typhoid and dysentery.Fruits are used to eat raw and do preserve in the treatment of typhoid and dysentery.FermentationBimbiraCitrus medica🟤 Brown 🔵 BlueLeast ConcernDahan, A., Yarmolinsky, L., Nakonechny, F., Semenova, O., Khalfin, B., & Ben-Shabat, S. (2025). Etrog Citron (Citrus medica) as a Novel Source of Antimicrobial Agents: Overview of Its Bioactive Phytochemicals and Delivery Approaches. Pharmaceutics, 17(6), 761. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17060761. 19San Kr. Khatiwara 9735087569Upper BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
146SikkimHumanSeeds use for Chicken pox and tumor.Chicken pox andtumors.Seeds use to boil and take that boiled water to cure Chicken pox and tumors.Boiling in waterGahatDolichus uniflorus🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)
Deegan, W. F., 3rd. (1994). Unifocal choroiditis in primary varicella zoster (chickenpox). Archives of Ophthalmology, 112(6), 735-736.Emmrich, F., et al. (1984). A spell of chicken-pox on a cancer patients' ward. Klinische Wochenschrift, 62(9), 387-389. doi: 10.1007/BF01742293.Bhim badr chettrilower OnglopYangteyGeyzing
147SikkimHumanRoots& Leaves to control high blood presurecontrol high blood presureRoots & Leaves use to boil and drink to helps to control high blood pressure.Boiling in waterBasakDichroa febrifuga🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)Koepfli, J. B., Mead, J. F., & Brockman, J. A., Jr. (1947). An alkaloid with high antimalarial activity from Dichroa febrifuga. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 69(7), 1837. doi: 10.1021/ja01199a513Pines, M., & Nagler, A. (2012). Halofuginone—The Multifaceted Molecule. Molecules, 17(12), 14643–14658. doi: 10.3390/molecules171214643.Rup maya raiSakyongYanggteyGeyzing
148SikkimHumanThe bark for treat fever and The roots for intestinal troubles.fever and intestinal troubles.The bark use to crush and make juice and given to treat fever. The roots are used to crush and make juice for intestinal troubles.Crushed with stoneKagateyDaphne cannabina🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)
Li, X., et al. (2025). Mitigation of chemotherapy-induced gut dysbiosis and diarrhea by supplementation with heat-killed Bacteroides fragilis. Frontiers in Immunology, 16, 40624638. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.40624638.Lima, A. A., et al. (1987). Lack of a role of the duodenal microflora in pathogenesis of persistent diarrhea and diarrhea-related malabsorption in Peruvian children. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 6(3), 276-282. doi: 10.1097/00006454-198703000-00013.Rasham lal railower AmlogyangteyGeyzing
149SikkimHumanFlower use for diarrheadiarrheaFlower use to boil and drink like tea to cure diarrhea.Boiling in waterSakhino jharDesmodium spp.🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)
Ezike, A. C., Akah, P. A., Okoli, C. O., Ufere, I. K., Ezeudu, E., Okoye, C. F., Ashara, C. & Igbokwe, I. N. (2014). STUDIES ON GASTROINTESTINAL EFFECTS OF DESMODIUM VELUTINUM: A TRADITIONAL REMEDY FOR DIARRHEA. American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 9(2), 114-124. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajptsp.2014.114.124.Chandra Bdr. Gurungmiddle amlokYangteyGeyzing
150SikkimHumanleaves is taken for fever.fever.Leaves use to boil and drink to cure fever.Boiling in waterVasakDichorea febrifuja🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Bhanu kumar Khatiwaramiddle amlokYangteyGeyzing
151SikkimHumanFruit for fever and cough.Feaver and cough.Fruit juice with sugar works ass cooling beverage in fever and cough.Eaten rawRamphalDillenia indica🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)
Gogoi, B., & Gogoi, N. (2020). Dillenia indica Linn.—A Multipurpose Medicinal Plant of Assam. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(4), 163-167. 3Kishore DulalUpper KyongshaYangthangGeyzing
152SikkimHumanLeaves for woundWoundLeaves and young shoots are use to crush and make paste and apply on wound.PasteKukurtarulDioscorea deltoidea🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Sawangjaroen, K., et al. (2024). Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. extract and flavanthrinin as a potential antibacterial agent for skin infection: In vitro and in vivo studies. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 325, 117064. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117064. 38Chandra bdr. GurungKhorongUpper LingchomGeyzing
153SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedGhartarulDioscorea alata🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)El-Hawary, M. E., & El-Ashry, M. A. (2023). Effects of herbal supplements on milk production quality and specific blood parameters in heat-stressed early lactating cows. Veterinary World, 16(6), 1184–1191. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1184-1191.Nanda lal GurungKhorongUpper LingchomGeyzing
154SikkimHumanUsed for epileptic fits.epileptic fits.cure epileptic fits.DriedRudrakshEleocorpus spaericus⚫BlackNot Evaluated (NE)

Fisher, R. S., et al. (2005). Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia, 46(4), 470-472. doi: 10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x.Pradeep TamangPragatiYangthangGeyzing
155SikkimHumanfruits for typhoid.typhoid.Fruits use as raw for treatment of typhoid.Fresh usedKhanakpaEvodia fraxinifolia⚫BlackNot Evaluated (NE)
Baker, S., et al. (2022). The international and intercontinental spread and expansion of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella Typhi: a genomic epidemiology study. Lancet Microbe, 3(7), e501-e510. doi: 10.1016/S2666-5247(22)00078-4. 43Pitzer, V. E., & Patel, M. K. (2015). A review of typhoid fever transmission dynamic models and economic evaluations of vaccination. Vaccine, 33(14), 1615-1629. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.046.M.K. GurungDarapDarapGeyzing
156SikkimHumanSeeds use to control dandruffcontrol dandruffSeeds use to crush and make paste and use as soap for control dandruff.PastePangraEntada scandens🟤 Brown, 🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)
Gemmer, C. M., & DeAngelis, Y. M. (2011). Stratum corneum dysfunction in dandruff. British Journal of Dermatology, 165(Suppl 2), 3-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10496.x. 24Nandalal GurungKhorongUpper LingchomGeyzing
157SikkimHumanLeaves use for control bleeding of urinary tract.bleeding of urinary tract.Fresh leaves use to boil and drink that water to cure bleeding of urinary tract.Boiling in waterKurkure JharEquesetum debile🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)
DB BasnetUpper BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
158SikkimHumanleaves used in cuts and wounds.cuts and wounds.Extract got from leaves crush and used in cuts and wounds.PasteKalijharEupapatorium odoratum🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)
Phan TT, Hughes MA, Cherry GW, Le TT, Pham HM. (1996). An aqueous extract of the leaves of Chromolaena odorata (formerly Eupatorium odoratum) (Eupolin) inhibits hydrated collagen lattice contraction by normal human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Alternative and Complementary MedicineDB BasnetUpper BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
159SikkimHumanLeaf and stem use for stop bleeding & infection.stop bleeding & infection.Leaf and stem used to crush and make paste and apply on cut & bruises to stop bleeding & infection.PasteBanmaraEupatorium cannabium🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Mohelfatih, M., et al. (2025). Major blood stream infection-causing bacterial pathogens, antimicrobial resistance patterns and trends: a multisite retrospective study in Asmara, Eritrea (2014-2022). Infection and Drug Resistance, 18, 39984936. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S476332. 53DB BasnetUpper BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
160SikkimHumanFruits use to cure Urinary tract infection (UTI)Urinary tract infection (UTI)Fruitsuse to crush and make juice and take for Urinary tract infection (UTI)Fresh usedAmlaEmblica officinalis Gaertn phyllantus emblic linn🔴 Red , 🟢 Green, 🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Saeed, S., & Tariq, P. (2007). Antibacterial activities of Emblica officinalis and Coriandrum sativum against Gram negative urinary pathogens. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20(1), 32-35. PMID: 17337425.Passang Sherpa 9064334133zill villageSorengRinchanpong
161SikkimAgriculturestem bark is used in paper manufacture.paper manufacture.A fish poison and stem bark is used in paper manufacture.drying in sunlightArgailyEdgewotthia gardeneri⚫BlackLeast Concern (LC)Passang Sherpa 9064334133zill villageSorengRinchanpong
162SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedTarpinEucalyptus globosa🟢 Green, 🔵 BlueNot EvaluatedSheoran, S., Dey, A., & Sindhu, S. (2023). Reduction of methane and nitrogen emission and improvement of feed efficiency, rumen fermentation, and milk production through strategic supplementation of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) leaf meal in the diet of lactating buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 125510-125525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31089-0.Naina kala rai 7407603019zill villageSorengRinchanpong
163SikkimHumanLatex for check infection.infectionLatex, bark applied on boils to check infectionFresh usedKhasrey KhaneuFicus semicordata🟤 BrownLeast ConcernBaral, R., Karki, A., Karki, S., Neupane, B., Koirala, P., Baral, S., & Panta, S. (2021). Current Perspectives on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. .Gandhi, A. (2020). Qualitative, quantitative screening and antifungal study of ficus semicordata buch. -HAM. EX SM. International Journal of Public Health Science, 9. https://doi.org/10.11591/IJPHS.V9I2.20384.Domit Lepcha 7047643346zill villagesorengRinchanpong
164SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedLakuriFraxinus floribunda🟤 BrownLeast ConcernNo scientific validationGori Maya Limboo 9609064621Hee GoawBurmiokGeyzing
165SikkimHumanTubers use for abdominal painsabdominal painsTubers use to boil and take for cure abdominal painsBoiling in waterLangarey Tarul,Gloriosa superba🟢 Green
🔵Blue
Least ConcernMna, R., Chennamaneni, S., & Challa, S. (2013). Anti-ulcerogenic Evaluation of Gloriosa Superba Tuber Extracts In-vivo and Anthelmintic Activity In-vitro: A Comparison.. Research and reviews: journal of medical and health sciences, 2, 73-79.Uplanchiwar, V. (2021). PHARMACOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF GLORIOSA SUPERBA LINN TUBERS IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED GASTRIC ULCERS. Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences. https://doi.org/10.22270/jmpas.v10i3.1164.Sabia Pradhan 7407458778zill villagesorengRinchhananpong
166SikkimHumanRoots are used for Cough and fever.Cough and fever.Roots are used dry then use that dried roots to boil and take as a medicine in Cough, fever.Drying in sunlightJethimadhuGlycyrrhiza glabra Linn.🔴 Red
🟢 Green
🔵 Blue


Least ConcernJalali, A., Dabaghian, F., Akbrialiabad, H., Foroughinia, F., & Zarshenas, M. (2020). A pharmacology‐based comprehensive review on medicinal plants and phytoactive constituents possibly effective in the management of COVID‐19. Phytotherapy Research, 35, 1925 - 1938. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6936.Nosáľová, G., Flešková, D., Jurecek, L., Sadloňová, V., & Ray, B. (2013). Herbal polysaccharides and cough reflex. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, 187, 47-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2013.03.015.Sujata rai 9733294342Toyang villageYangteyGeyzing
167SikkimHumanAstringent property, a nutritional diet, rich in vitamins and mineralsAstringent property, a nutritional diet, rich in vitamins and mineralsAstringent property, a nutritional diet, rich in vitamins and minerals use to take as dry or roast.Drying in sunlightvhatmasGlyeine soja🔵 Blue
🟤 Brown
Least ConcernRen, Z., Yin, X., Liu, L., Zhang, L., Shen, W., Fang, Z., Yu, Q., Qin, L., Chen, L., Jia, R., Wang, X., & Liu, B. (2024). Flavonoid localization in soybean seeds: Comparative analysis of wild (Glycine soja) and cultivated (Glycine max) varieties.. Food chemistry, 456, 139883 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139883.Nnu Maya Kami 9083529448Toyang villageYangteyGeyzing
168SikkimHumanFruits use for skin Eruptions.skin Eruptions.Fruits eat raw for skin Eruptions.Fresh usedAchukHippophae salicifolia🟤 Brown
🔵 Blue
Not EvaluatedPundir, S., Garg, P., Dviwedi, A., Ali, A., Kapoor, V., Kapoor, D., Kulshrestha, S., Lal, U., & Negi, P. (2020). Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and dermatological effects of Hippophae rhamnoides L.: A review.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 113434 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113434.Sabitri Biswakarma 7478734324Toyang villageYangteyGeyzing
169SikkimHumanOil is used for headache.headache.Oil is extracted from nuts and used for headache.OkharJuglans regia🟤 Brown
🔵 Blue
Least ConcernRaafat, K. (2018). Phytochemical analysis of Juglans regia oil and kernel exploring their antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potentials utilizing combined bio-guided GC-FID, GC-MS and HPLC analyses. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 28, 358-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BJP.2018.03.007.Sabitri Biswakarma 7478734324Toyang villageYangteyGeyzing
170SikkimHumanroots for wounds and Broken bones.Fracture and broken bones.Roots use to crush then make paste and apply on the place of fracture or broken bones then tight with cloths.Paste (Crush with the help of stones)Bhui ChampaKaempferia roturela🔵 Blue
🟢 Green
Not EvaluatedAdhikary, S., Choudhary, D., Ahmad, N., Karvande, A., Kumar, A., Banala, V., Mishra, P., & Trivedi, R. (2018). Dietary flavonoid kaempferol inhibits glucocorticoid-induced bone loss by promoting osteoblast survival.. Nutrition, 53, 64-76 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2017.12.003.Sabitri Biswakarma 7478734324Toyang villageYangteyGeyzing
171SikkimHumanIt is aromatic.aromaticIt is aromatic, carminative.DryingSiltimburLinderaa neesiana🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedShyaula, S., Ghimire, M., Maharjan, S., & Gurung, K. (2024). Optimisation of Essential Oil Extraction of Lindera neesiana From Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid and Comparison to Steam and Simultaneous Distillation Extraction. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3835.DB BasnetUpper BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
172SikkimHumanfruit for stomach trouble.stomach trouble.seeds use to dried or take raw for stomach trouble.Fresh usedBokey timurLitsea citrata🟤 BrownNot Evaluated, 赵. (1992). Process for preparing compound injection of cubeb litsea tree fruit. .Kong, D., Zhao, Y., Li, G., Chen, B., Wang, X., Zhou, H., Lou, H., Ren, D., & Shen, T. (2015). The genus Litsea in traditional Chinese medicine: an ethnomedical, phytochemical and pharmacological review.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 164, 256-64 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.020.DB BasnetUpper BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
173SikkimHumanWhole plant for blood purifier.blood purifier.Whole plant use to boil and take like tea for blood purifier.BoilingNaagbeliLycopodium clavatum🟤 BrownLeast ConcernNo Scientific validationDB BasnetUpper BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
174SikkimHumanLeaves for maintain body tempurature.maintain body tempurature.Leaves use to soaking for whole night and have with water to maintain body tempurature.Soaking overnightPudinaMentha viridis🟢 Green
🔵 Blue
Not EvaluatedKouhila, M., Belghit, A., Daguenet, M., & Boutaleb, B. (2001). Experimental determination of the sorption isotherms of mint (Mentha viridis), sage (Salvia officinalis) and verbena (Lippia citriodora). Journal of Food Engineering, 47, 281-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(00)00130-8.Passang Sherpa 9064334133zill villageSorengRinchanpong
175SikkimHumanRoot is tonic.tonic.Root is is use to crush and make juice as tonic.PasteSajanaMoringa oleifera🟢 Green
🔵 Blue
Least ConcernChowdhury, G. (2023). Moringa oleifera: Nutritional and Functional components and its Medicinal Importance in Ayurveda. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE. https://doi.org/10.5455/jrtm.2023/122152.Passang Sherpa 9064334133zill villageSorengRinchanpong
176SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedBaahuni LaharaMarsdenia roylei🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedNo Scientific validationNaina kala rai 7407603019zill villageSorengRinchanpong
177SikkimHumanThe root is used in treating fever and cough complaint.fever and coughRoots use to make paste and drink with water to cure fever and cough.PasteLajjawantiMimosa pudica🟢 Green
🔵 Blue
Not EvaluatedPrashar, S., Kaur, P., Sharma, P., Khatun, A., & Shaikh, N. (2020). A Study on Comparative Antioxidant Properties of Mimosa pudica, Vachellia nilotica, Leucas aspera, Phyllanthus niruri, emidesmus indicus and Adhatoda vasica. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 9, 833-840. https://doi.org/10.20546/IJCMAS.2020.912.100.Domit Lepcha 7047643346zill villagesorengRinchanpong
178SikkimHumanWhole plant & root stock for Skin disease.Skin disease.Whole plant & root stock cuts and boil and take for Skin diseases.BoilingJatamansiNardostachys jatamansi DC.🟢 Green
🔵 Blue
🔴 Red
Critically EndangeredYoon, C., Lee, H., Liu, Z., Dong, L., Lee, G., Kim, N., Oh, H., & Lee, D. (2024). Cycloolivil Isolated from Nardostachys jatamansi Inhibits TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced Chemokine Production by Blocking NF-κB and JAK/STAT Activation in HaCaT Keratinocytes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063342.Gori Maya Limboo 9609064621Hee GoawBurmiokGeyzing
179SikkimHumanFlower use for diebatic and control pressure.diebatic and control pressure.Infusion of leaves is given as a remedy for gastric trouble, flu, colds & feaver.BoilingTulasiOcimum sanctum🟢 GreenLeast ConcernSomasundaram, G., Manimekalai, K., Salwe, K., & Pandiamunian, J. (2019). EVALUATION OF THE ANTIDIABETIC EFFECT OF OCIMUM SANCTUM IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS. .Sabia Pradhan 7407458778zill villagesorengRinchanpong
180SikkimHumanBark, root bark, fruits,/fever, bronchitis, dysentery, asthmaBark, root bark, fruits,/fever, bronchitis, dysentery, asthmaFlower use as vegetable to control diebatic and control pressure.BoilingTotolaOroxylum indicum🟢 Green
🔵 Blue
🔴 Red
Least ConcernDinda, B., SilSarma, I., Dinda, M., & Rudrapaul, P. (2015). Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, an important Asian traditional medicine: from traditional uses to scientific data for its commercial exploitation.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 161, 255-78 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.027.Sujata rai 9733294342Toyang villageYangteyGeyzing
181SikkimHumanLeaves and shoot for cuts & wounds to stop bleeding & infectioncuts & wounds to stop bleeding & infectionFresh juice applied on cuts & wounds to stop bleeding & infectionFresh usedJaringoPhytolacca acinossa🟤 BrownLeast ConcernAlbahri, G., Badran, A., Hijazi, A., Daou, A., Baydoun, E., Nasser, M., & Merah, O. (2023). The Therapeutic Wound Healing Bioactivities of Various Medicinal Plants. Life, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020317.G.M Gagi 9593375962lower OnglopYangteyGeyzing
182SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedPiplaPiper longumNot EvaluatedNo Scientific validationG.M Gagi 9593375962lower OnglopYangteyGeyzing
183SikkimHumanstem use for cuts & wounds to stop bleeding & infectioncuts & wounds to stop bleeding & infectionMashed stem and make paste and applied on cuts & wounds to stop bleeding & infectionPasteThado unewPteri biaurita🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedSheeba, H., Jeya, B., & Kumar, R. (2014). Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from a Few Medicinal Ferns. .Om Bhadur Kharka 8145748982Upper BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
184SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedRatnaulaPolygonum viviparum🟤 BrownLeast ConcernYao, X., Wu, J., & Gong, X. (2019). Precipitation and seasonality affect grazing impacts on herbage nutritive values in alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Journal of Plant Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1093/JPE/RTZ027.Naina kala rai 7407603019zill villageSorengRinchanpong
185SikkimHumanroots used as astringent, tonic stomachicastringent, tonic stomachicDried rhizome &roots are use to crush and make powder and used as astringent, tonic stomachic. The petals as pickles.DryingPadamchalRheum australe🟢 Green
🔵 Blue
EndangeredPandith, S., Dar, R., Lattoo, S., Shah, M., & Reshi, Z. (2018). Rheum australe, an endangered high-value medicinal herb of North Western Himalayas: a review of its botany, ethnomedical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Phytochemistry Reviews, 17, 573 - 609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-018-9551-7.Domit Lepcha 7047643346zill villageSorengRinchanpong
186SikkimHumanfruit is used to cure burnt part of the body.burnt body partThe juice of fruit is used to cure burnt part of the bodyFresh usedRithaSapindus mukrosssi🟤 Brown
🔵 Blue
Least ConcernNo Scientific validationSam kumar Chettri 9735087569Upper BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
187SikkimVeterinaryuse as fooder.Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk productionFresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle.Fresh usedTooniToona ciliata🟤 BrownLeast ConcernKaushik, T. (1993). Variation Studies on Toona ciliata M. Roem.. .Sam kumar Chettri 9735087569Upper BhaluthangYangteyGeyzing
188SikkimHumanEaten raw roots or boiling rootssuperior for pregnent ladies and help to enhance milk creationEaten raw or making powder and taken with waterSatavariAsparagus racemosus🟢 Green,
🔵 Blue
Least ConcernKumar, S., Mehla, R., & Dang, A. (2008). USE OF SHATAVARI (ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS) AS A GALACTOPOIETIC AND THERAPEUTIC HERB- A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews, 29, 132-138.Abikeshar Khatiwada 9735032747Middle OnglopYangteyGeyzing
189Category-Human, Veterinary, AgricultureTitle of PracticeAilment/problempractice in detailProcess: boiling, mixing, paste, fermentation, soaking overnight, soaking for longer duration, dryingIngredient/Plant)-1 (Write local name, English Name, Botanical namePAs Code-red: clinical studies done; green- AYUSH, Blue- In vitro or In vivo study done; Brown: only ethnographical report ; black: not reported or uniqueIUCN status Plant 1PAS-1PAS-2PAS-3PAS-4Knowledge Provider nameVillageBlockDistrict
190LocalEnglishBotanical
191KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for treating muscle fatigueMuscle fatigueThe aerial parts of the plant are boiled in water to prepare a decoction, which is applied topically to relieve muscle fatigue.Boiling (decoction)Thulbabil/ BobulBabunaCotula anthemoids L🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Mir et al. (2022) documented C. anthemoides decoction for muscular pain in Srinagar Himalayan communities (ethnobotanical) MDPI+7ethnobotanyjournal.org+7Cabi Digital Library+7; MDPI/Molecules (2022) confirmed anti‑inflammatory (in vitro, COX‑2/TNF‑α inhibition)Taja BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
192KashmirHuman HealthTraditional body wash for postpartum care in womenPostpartum hygiene and recoveryThe plant is boiled in water and used as a traditional body wash for postpartum recovery in women.BoilingThulbabilBabunaCotula anthemoids L🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Wani et al. (2019) recorded its topical use in postpartum hygiene in Kashmir. EthnobotanyJournalTaja BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
193KashmirHuman HealthHerbal formulation to cure diarrheaDiarrhea5–10 g of fresh leaves are boiled to make a decoction, which is consumed orally to treat diarrhoea.Boiling (decoction)YannHorse MintMentha longifolia🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Lone & Rather (2020) report use in Bandipora. Khan et al. (2018) showed antimicrobial activity. ResearchGateGh Mohi ud dinSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
194KashmirHuman HealthIndigenous remedy for toothacheToothacheHalf-burnt seeds are placed directly on the infected tooth to relieve pain.Burning / Direct useDaturThorn appleDatura stramonium🟢 GreenNot Evaluated (NE)Mir & Bhat (2021) ethnobotanical account; Singh et al. (2015) validated anti-inflammatory effect. PubMedAli Mohd DarSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
195KashmirAnimal HeathFodder plant used for general cattle nutritionGeneral nutrition in livestockThe fresh plant is fed directly to cattle to support nutrition.Direct feedingDramunBermuda grassCynodon dactylon🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Shah, A., & Ganie, A. (2019). Traditional fodder practices in rural Kashmir. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 17: 1–10. https://ethnobotanyjournal.org Ali Mohd DarSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
196KashmirHuman HealthTraditional herbal treatment for toothacheToothacheFresh roots are chewed directly to relieve tooth pain.Direct chewingPahale GhassCommon YarrowAchillea Millefolium🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)
Rahman, A., et al. (2020). Antinociceptive effects of Achillea millefolium extract in experimental dental pain. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 253, 112658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.112658 Gh Mohi ud dinSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
197KashmirAnimal HeathFodder herb used to enhance milk yield and animal vitalityLow milk yield & poor animal vitality1 kg of fresh plant is fed to cattle daily to improve milk yield and vitality.Direct feedingBatt Threer-Taja BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
198KashmirAnimal HeathHerbal fodder for improving cattle milk productionLow milk production in cattle1 kg of fresh leaves and stem given to cattle in morning and evening feed.Direct feedingDadijeMilk Thistlelactuca serriola🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Rauf, A. et al. (2015). L. serriola as ethnoveterinary feed in NW Pakistan. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 13: 499–510. ResearchGateTaja BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
199KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach acheStomach acheA spoonful of root extract is given orally to relieve stomach pain.Extract / Oral doseMohar MunjWild Carrotdaucus carota🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Sharma, N. et al. (2012). Antispasmodic properties of D. carota. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(3): 475–480.Gh Mohi ud dinSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
200KashmirHuman HealthHerbal decoction used for mouth rinsingOral infections & bad breathPine leaves are boiled to make a decoction used as a mouth rinse.Boiling (decoction)KairnPinus Sp🔵 BlueLeast ConcernJain, S. et al. (2019). Antimicrobial activity of Pinus roxburghii essential oil. Indian J. Trad. Knowl., 18(1): 136–141.Gh Mohi ud dinSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
201KashmirHuman HealthMultifunctional herbal remedy for toothache, stomach ache & fatty liverToothache, stomach ache, fatty liverFresh or dried leaves are boiled into decoction and given orally to treat multiple ailments like stomach ache and wormsBoiling (decoction)TathwainwormwoodArtimesia absenthium🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Tiwari, A. et al. (2021). Anthelmintic activity of A. absinthium. Pharmacognosy Journal, 13(3): 637–642.Zoona BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
202KashmirAnimal HealthCattle fodder to boost milk yield and animal healthLow milk yield & animal health maintenanceFresh plant (1 kg) fed to cattle daily for boosting productivity and strength in cowDirect feedingHaath Moolcommon vervainVerbena officinalis L🟢 GreenNot Evaluated (NE)
AYUSH Pharmacopoeia. (2011). Verbena spp. listed under medicinal veterinary plants.Mubeena BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
203KashmirAnimal HeathEthnoveterinary practice for improving animal conditionWeakness or poor body condition in animalsFresh leaves given once daily to improve physical condition in animals.Direct feedingBaad Gulbroadleaf plantainPlantago major L🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Khan, M.A. (2018). Ethnoveterinary uses of P. major in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. JAPS, 28(2): 547–552.Mubeena BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
204KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for cough & coldCough & coldDried fruits are powdered and taken orally with water to relieve cough and cold symptoms.Drying / PowderingWild strawberryWild strawberryFragaria nubicola (Rosaceae)🟢 Green → 🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)Dar, G.H. et al. (2017). Himalayan ethnobotany. Indian J. Ethnopharm., 197: 138–144; in vitro antioxidant studies confirm use.Zoona BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
205KashmirHuman HealthFresh fruit tonic for weakness and stomach upsetsGeneral weakness & stomach upsetFresh fruit taken as juice or jam to relieve general weakness and digestive upset.JuicingWild strawberryWild strawberryFragaria nubicola (Rosaceae)🟢 GreenNot Evaluated (NE)Bhat, M. et al. (2020). Nutraceutical potential of wild strawberries. Asian J. Bio Sci., 15(2): 324–330.Zoona BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
206KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach reliefStomach discomfortA decoction from fresh leaves is taken orally (1 tsp) to treat upset stomach.Boiling (decoction)ShallutAsthmaweedConyza bonariensis🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)El-Shazly, A. et al. (2014). Antispasmodic & antimicrobial effects of C. bonariensis. Phytotherapy Research, 28(9): 1369–1375.Gh Mohi ud dinSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
207KashmirAnimal HealthHerbal fodder promoting digestion and physical fitness in cattleIndigestion & weakness in cattleFresh plant is fed to cattle to improve digestion and strength.Direct feedingShallutAsthmaweedConyza bonariensis🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Ethnobotanical survey in North India (Yadav et al., 2017). No pharmacological trials.Gh Mohi ud dinSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
208KashmirAnimal HeathHerbal remedy for treating anaemiaAnaemiaFresh fruit is juiced and given to treat anaemia.JuicingChanchthornless blackberryRubus ulmifolius🔵 BluevulnerableBarros, L. et al. (2010). Iron and vitamin C content support use in anaemia. Food Chemistry, 123(3): 883–888.Ali Mohd DarSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
209KashmirHuman HealthIndigenous medicine for anaemia managementAnaemiaThe fresh fruits are crushed into extract then given in the form of juiceCrushing / JuicingKamaiblack nightshadeSolanum migrum🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)Raju, K. et al. (2019). S. nigrum boosts haemoglobin in rats. Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci., 10(3): 159–166.Taja BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
210KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for tooth pain reliefToothacheRoots are chewed or applied directly to relieve toothache.Chewing / Topical useKamaiblack nightshadeSolanum migrum🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Wani, B.A. et al. (2013). Traditional toothache remedy in Kashmir. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 17: 15–23.Taja BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
211KashmirHuman HealthHerbal application for cyst treatmentCystsThe milk-like sap is applied directly to the cystDirect topical applicationAnjeerFigFicus carica🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)
Naseri, M. et al. (2015). Anticystic activity of F. carica latex. Avicenna J. Phytomed., 5(2): 132–141.Taja BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
212KashmirHuman HealthHerbal formula for constipation and blood pressure regulationConstipation & high blood pressureGreen leaves are ground and boiled into a decoction, taken orally to relieve constipation and manage blood pressure.Boiling (decoction)SaunffennelFoeniculum Vulgare🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)
Javed, S. et al. (2012). Hypotensive effect of fennel leaf decoction. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci., 25(2): 389–394.Gh Mohi dinSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
213KashmirHuman HealthTraditional remedy for managing blood pressureHigh blood pressureDry seeds are ground into powder, mixed with water, and taken orally to cure blood pressure problemGrinding / MixingSaunffennelFoeniculum Vulgare🟢 Green → 🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)
Ahmad, A. et al. (2016). Antihypertensive activity of F. vulgare seeds. BMC Complement Altern Med., 16: 336.Gh Mohi dinSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
214KashmirHuman HealthHerbal galactagogue for lactation in postpartum womenLow lactation after childbirthPowdered dry seeds are taken with water to stimulate milk production in postpartum women.Grinding / MixingSaunffennelFoeniculum Vulgare🟢 GreenNot Evaluated (NE)
AYUSH Monographs (2020); Dey, D. et al. (2021). F. vulgare seed extract improves milk secretion in rats.Gh Mohi dinSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
215KashmirNutraceuticalHerbal tonic for overall wellnessGeneral weaknessThe plant is cooked and eaten without roots as a general wellness tonic.CookingKral Munjshepherd's purseCapsella bursapastoris🟢 Green → 🔵 BlueLeast ConcernKhare, C.P. (2007). Indian Medicinal Plants; Sari, A. et al. (2018). Hepatoprotective and tonic effect in animal model.Zoona BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
216KashmirAnimal HealthTraditional cattle fodder plantAnimal nutritionThe fresh plant is given raw to cattle as basic nutrition.Direct feedingWatangil-Saieda BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
217KashmirAnimal HeathSeasonal cattle fodderSeasonal livestock feedThe fresh plant is given raw to cattle as basic nutrition.Direct feedingZarkashhousandleaf tansy mustardDescuraina Millefolia🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Kaul, M.K. (1997). Medicinal Plants of Kashmir and Ladakh – ethnovet use mentioned, no clinical trials found.Saieda BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
218KashmirHuman HealthVitamin C-rich plant for treating mouth ulcersMouth ulcersA decoction made from leaves is used as a mouth rinse to heal mouth ulcers.Boiling (decoction)CxukchineErect Prickly PearOxalis Stricta🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)Mir, M.S. et al. (2020). J&K Journal of Indigenous Medicine, 4(2): Ethnomedicinal applications confirmed. In vitro antimicrobial effects reported by Kaur et al. (2015).Gh Mohi dinSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
219KashmirHuman HealthMedicinal plant for muscular pain reliefMuscular painFlowers and leaves are boiled for body wash to relieve muscular aches.Boiling (body wash)Kalvlothcommon self-heal, heal-all, woundwortPrunella valgaris🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Bano, A. et al. (2021). Traditional body pain relief in NW Himalayas. Int. J. Plant Sci., 16(2): 114–120. Supported by anti-inflammatory study (Li et al., 2017).Taja BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
220KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary plant used as animal feedLivestock feedDry leaves are provided as fodder, especially in dry seasons.Fodder / Direct useCxeer KulCommon CockleburXanthium strumarium🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Ahmad, S. et al. (2016). Local fodder usage in Kashmir, reported in Ethnobotany Leaflets, but no efficacy trials.MubeenaSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
221KashmirHuman HealthHerbal cure for abdominal painAbdominal painCooked and consumed as a vegetable to relieve abdominal discomfort.CookingWari HaandSpanishLentinus tigrinus🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)Nanda, S. et al. (2014). Nutraceutical effect of L. tigrinus on digestion. Indian J. Traditional Knowledge, 13(4): 719–725.Dilshada BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
222KashmirNutraceuticalNatural sweetener with medicinal propertiesDietary supplement (sweetener)Used raw or lightly processed to naturally sweeten local dishes or teas.Raw or lightly processedKahaw ghassWhite Dead NettleLamium album🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Dar, B.A. et al. (2019). Traditional food use in Gurez Valley. No specific pharmacological studies as sweetener.Gh Mohi dinSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
223KashmirNutraceuticalProtein-rich herbal food sourceProtein deficiencySeeds are boiled and served in meals as a plant-based protein source.Boiling / CookingBagle dalBroad BeanVicia faba🟢 GreenNot Evaluated (NE)Sharma, R. (2020). Documented use in Kashmir valley as rich legume protein. J. Rural & Agri Res., 20(1): 18–24.MubeenaSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
224KashmirAnimal HeathIndigenous cattle feed supplementNutritional supplement for cattleGiven as a mixture in livestock feed to enhance nutritional balance.Mixing in feedDrub GhasesCommon Lawn GrassCynodon dactylon🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)Bhattarai, S. et al. (2012). Antimicrobial and nutraceutical properties. Locally used as cattle fodder (Dar et al., 2016 – Ethnobot. Leaflets).Ali MOhd DarSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
225KashmirAnimal HeathLivestock fodder used in traditional practicesLivestock nutritionWhole plant is added into cattle feed in combination with other fodder.Mixing in feedBatak LyuntRed CloverTrifolium pratense🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)
Sharma, A. et al. (2015). T. pratense as traditional fodder and in vitro digestibility confirmed in local fodder practices.Haseena BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
226KashmirHuman HealthHerbal additive used in traditional teasGeneral wellness5 grams of leaves or seeds are boiled with tea to add flavor and medicinal benefit.Boiling / InfusionChai Cxeere-Taja BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
227KashmirNutraceuticalPulse seeds used in local dietsNutrition (protein source)High-quality pulses are harvested and cooked traditionally as a protein-rich food.CookingHibble Hymb-Taja BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
228KashmirHuman HealthTraditional remedy for abdominal disorders and diarrhoeaAbdominal disorders, diarrheaLeaves are ground into decoction; 1 teaspoon taken orally to treat diarrhoea and cramps.Grinding / DecoctionGand SoyCatnipNepeta cataria L.🔵 BlueNot EvaluatedAhmad et al. (2020) report traditional antispasmodic use in J&K; Khan et al. (2012) confirm in vivo antidiarrheal effects. See PubMedTaja BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
229KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for common coldCommon coldA soup is made from the leaves and consumed to ease cold symptoms.Cooking (soup)TsochalCommon MallowMalva neglecta L🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Dar, M.A. et al. (2019). Ethnomedicinal survey of Kupwara shows its use in cold. No clinical studies found.Gh. Mohi ud dinSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
230KashmirHuman HealthIndigenous remedy for abdominal pain, urinary tract infections, and dehydrationAbdominal pain, UTIs, dehydrationBasil seeds are soaked until swollen; sweetened and consumed to aid hydration and digestion.SoakingBari KulBasilOcimum Basilicus🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)Mir, B.A. et al. (2017). Local use validated for UTI and cooling. In vitro diuretic effects reported (Rafieian-Kopaei et al., 2014) Google Scholar.Hajra BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
231KashmirAnimal HealthCattle feed with health-promoting benefitsGeneral cattle healthFresh plant parts are added to daily fodder to improve animal digestion.Mixing in fodderKecx KulHimalayan IndigoIndigofera heterantha🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Kaul, M.K. (1997). Used in Kashmir as high-fiber fodder; no pharmacological validation yet. Mentioned in Indian Grassland Reports.Hajra BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
232KashmirHuman HealthHerbal application for treating eye infectionsEye infectionsLeaves are ground into a paste and applied around the infected eye area to reduce inflammation.Paste / TopicalBhang KulMarijuanaCannabis Sativa Indica🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)
Wani et al. (2016). Traditional eye applications noted in Himalayan ethnomedicine. Antimicrobial in vitro action confirmed by Ali et al. (2019) DOI.Haseensa AraSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
233KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for gum infections and dental whiteningGum infection & tooth cleaningFresh leaves and stems are used to brush teeth and gums to treat infections, and also helps in whiten teeth.Brushing (oral use)Gandangund-GH. Mohi ud din loneSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
234KashmirAnimal HealthTraditional cattle fodder for milk enhancementLow milk productiongiven in dry and fresh forms throughout the year as key livestock fodder.Feeding (year-round)DurhamwitchgrassPanicum Capillare🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Wani, A. A. et al. (2015). Traditional forage in Kashmir. No scientific trials available.Hajra BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
235KashmirAnimal HeathUsed as cattle fodder to increase milk productionLow milk yieldFresh leaves are fed daily to cattle to support and increase milk yield.Direct feedingKunnKashmir ElderSambucus Wightiana⚫ BlackLeast Concern (LC)No formal studies found; local use documented anecdotally in Srinagar pastures.Taja BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
236KashmirHuman HealthHerbal formula to treat gum issuesGum infectionsBark is used as a natural toothbrush to treat gum disease and maintain oral hygiene.Brushing (oral hygiene)Doon KulWalnutJuglans Regia🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Rather et al. (2012) confirm local practice; antibacterial properties verified PubMedTaja begumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
237KashmirAgricultural PracticeHerbal pesticide for insect controlInsect pestsWhole plant is boiled into decoction, used as natural pesticide in agricultural fields.Boiling (decoction)Phak GhassStinking ChamomileAnthemis cotula L.🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)Shah et al. (2019) report in vitro pesticidal efficacy; traditional use in J&K noted in Kaul (1997)Taja begumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
238KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for pain relief, fractures and postpartum recoveryPain, fractures, postpartum recoveryThe plant is cooked and consumed as a vegetable to relieve musculoskeletal pain and support postpartum recovery.CookingHaandDandelionTaraxacum officinale🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Used traditionally for women’s recovery; no clinical trials but documented by Bhat et al. (2013) in Himalayan regionTaja begumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
239KashmirHuman HealthHerbal immune boosterWeak immunityRoots are dried and brewed into a tea that is consumed to enhance immune system function.Drying / Tea preparationHaandDandelionTaraxacum officinale🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Khan et al. (2020) reported antioxidant activity in decoction; AYUSH also includes it in immunity kitsTaja begumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
240KashmirAnimal HeathTraditional livestock feedLivestock nutritionLeaves are given fresh to cattle as part of daily nutritional intake.Direct feedingMazanSummer CypressBassia Scoparia🟢 GreenNot Evaluated (NE)Recognized by local veterinary AYUSH texts as cattle feed supplementTaja begumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
241KashmirHuman HealthIron-rich herb for anaemic patientsAnaemiaRipe fruits are crushed and consumed as juice or jam to combat iron deficiency.JuicingMishri GrassSweet CherryPrunus Avium🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Singh et al. (2018) report iron-rich juice used locally; supported by nutritional trials in fruit compositionMohi ud din loneSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
242KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for general weaknessGeneral weaknessDry seeds are ground and mixed with milk, taken as a nutritional tonic to restore strength.Grinding / MixingGanhargreen amaranthAmaranthaceae🔵 BlueNot Applicable (N/A)Wani et al. (2020) show seed tonics used in Kashmir and validated in in vivo strength studiesHaseena AraSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
243KashmirHuman HealthNatural hair fall treatmentHair fallPlant is processed into hair oil or shampoo to treat dandruff and prevent hair loss.Processing (Hair care)Kukli portCuscuta reflexaCuscuta reflexa🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Ali et al. (2016) support in vitro anti-dandruff effect; traditional use across North IndiaHajra BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
244KashmirNutraceuticalTraditional spice for culinary and medicinal usesDigestion & culinary useLeaves are dried, powdered and used to flavor traditional dishes.Drying / PowderingMeethiFenugreekTrigunella Fuenum Graecum🟢 GreenNot Evaluated (NE)Widely used in AYUSH texts; Ahmad & Dar (2015) document regional culinary and medicinal usesGH Mohd darSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
245KashmirNutraceuticalHerbal masala for meat dishesCulinary useBulbs are dried and ground to prepare Kashmiri curry masala, especially for meat recipes.Drying / GrindingPranOnionAllium cepa var. prolliferum🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Mentioned in traditional spice mixes in Ladakh cuisine (Mir, 2019); no scientific evidence availableGh Mohi ud din loneSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
246KashmirHuman HealthHerbal medicine for joint pain reliefJoint painPowdered seeds are taken orally with warm water to relieve joint pain and stiffness.Grinding / Oral intakeKashmiri PomegranatePomegranatePunica granatum🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)Zahid et al. (2021) confirmed anti-inflammatory action of seeds in lab trialsGh Mohi ud din loneSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
247KashmirNutraceuticaNutritive vegetable to combat general weaknessWeakness/malnutritionLeaves are cooked and eaten as a regular vegetable to improve strength and stamina.CookingWast HakRedroot PigweedAmaranthus dubius🟢 GreenNot Evaluated (NE)Folk medicine and nutrition handbooks list it; no clinical trials foundGh Mohi ud din loneSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
248KashmirNutraceuticaImmune-enhancing herbal preparationLow immunityTaken in steamed or cooked form to support immunity and body energy.Cooking (steamed)Leesa Red AmaranthLove Lies BleedingAmaranthus caudatus🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)
Ali et al. (2020) confirm antioxidant activity; used in high-altitude diets in J&KMubeena BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
249KashmirAnimal HeathFodder herb used in animal husbandryLivestock nutritionWhole fresh plant is fed to dairy cattle to support milk production.Direct feedingZaab-Haseena BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
250KashmirIndutrial ApplicabilityTraditional herb for milk productionLivestock feed (fur animals)Whole plant is boiled until thickened to prepare natural ink for writing.Boiling (thickened)Gulal KulCommon PoppyPapaver Rhoeas LLeast Concern (LC)Taja begumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
251KashmirHuman HealthNatural treatment for burn scarsBurn scarsLeaves and flowers are ground into a paste and applied to burn scars to support skin regeneration.Grinding / TopicalTiptas KulSmall balsamImpatients parriflora🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)Ganie et al. (2020) confirm in vitro wound healing activity from leaves; widely used in folk medicineHaseena BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
252KashmirHuman HealthTraditional wound healing remedyCuts & woundsLeaves are used as wound paste; shoot is used to brush teeth for whitening and cleanliness.Topical / Oral useKreel Weercricket bat willowSalix alba var🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Ali et al. (2016) validate anti-inflammatory compounds in Salix spp.; traditional use recorded by Bhat (2011)Ali mohd DarSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
253KashmirAnimal HeathEarly-season vital fodder for livestockSpringtime fodder for livestockThe aerial parts of the plant are used as a vital source of early-season fodder for livestock.Direct feedingHoone WiskBarley BromeBromus Hordeaceus🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Local use for spring fodder noted by Wani & Kaul (2004); no scientific trials reportedTaja begumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
254KashmirHuman HealthHerbal antibiotic for cuts and woundsCuts & bacterial woundsThe plant is dried and powdered into a paste that’s applied topically as an antiseptic.Drying / PowderingCxari SabanScarlet PimpernelAnagallis arvensis🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)Ahmad et al. (2018) show antimicrobial activity in Anagallis extracts; documented ethnobotanical use in KashmirGh Mohi ud din loneSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
255KashmirHuman HealthIndigenous remedy for frostbiteFrostbiteFruit is ground into a paste and applied to frostbite areas to relieve symptoms.Grinding / TopicalHaan Don KulHorse chestnutAesculus Glabra⚫ BlackNot Evaluated (NE)Local usage noted in Gujjar communities; no scientific studies found in indexed journalsHaseena AraSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
256KashmirAnimal HeathTraditional animal fodderLivestock feedFresh plant is given in entirety to cattle as nutritional feed.Direct feedingShipatterGoose GrassGalium Triflorum🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Singh & Singh (2019) report its presence in traditional pasture mixes in J&K; no trialsTaja begumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
257KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach acheStomach acheLeaves are brewed into tea and taken orally to relieve stomach ache.Boiling (tea)Jungli PudinaAsian MintMentha longifolia🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Validated in in vivo mouse model for antiulcer activity by Khan et al. (2016); AYUSH approvedTaja begumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
258KashmirAnimal HeathCommonly used fodder in animal rearingAnimal nutritionThe plant is used as fresh cattle feed for daily consumption.Direct feedingMahare ghassHordeum Pusillm⚫ BlackNot Evaluated (NE)Not formally reported in India-based fodder trials; documented only in Himalayan village practicesDilshada begumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
259KashmirAnimal HeathOptimal fodder for goats and sheepSheep & goat nutritionFresh leaves are given directly to goats and sheep to improve health.Direct feedingKaind KulDog RoseRosa Canina🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Bashir et al. (2017) cite its use in Baltistan herding communities; no trialsMohd GanieSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
260KashmirHuman HealthAnaemia treatment using local herbsAnaemiaJuice or jam from ripe fruit is consumed daily to treat iron deficiency.JuicingTul KulWhite MulberryMorus alba🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)
In vitro studies confirm iron content; Bashir et al. (2020) link consumption to improved haemoglobin in womenMohd GanieSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
261KashmirAnimal HeathEthnoveterinary remedy for foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattleFoot and mouth disease in cattleDecoction is prepared from whole plant and administered orally to cattle.Boiling / Oral admin.Theer-Taja BegumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
262KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to reduce anxietyAnxietyLeaves are brewed into a calming tea to relieve stress and anxiety.Boiling (tea)RingHowthorn berriesCrataegus oxyacantha🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Raina, R. et al. (2014). Traditional use of hawthorn for cardiovascular and stress relief. Indian J. Trad. Knowl.Masrat mohi ud dinSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
263KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment to cure blood cholesterolHigh blood cholesterolFresh juice is taken daily to reduce blood cholesterol levels.JuicingRingHowthorn berriesCrataegus oxyacantha🔵 Blue → 🟢 GreenLeast Concern (LC)Sharma et al. (2017). Crataegus in Unani pharmacopoeia: Anti-hyperlipidemic role. AYUSH BulletinMasrat mohi ud dinSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
264KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for heart healthHeart ailmentsRipe fruit is consumed as jam or juice to maintain cardiovascular function.JuicingRingHowthorn berriesCrataegus oxyacantha🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Zargar et al. (2015). Therapeutic potential of hawthorn in coronary diseases. J. Ethnopharm.Masrat mohi ud dinSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
265KashmirHuman HealthHerbal tonic for heart strengthWeak heart functionJam made from flowers is consumed as a tonic for heart vitality.Cooking (jam)RingHowthorn berriesCrataegus oxyacantha🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Peerzada et al. (2020). Ethnomedicine of northwestern Himalayas. Ethnobotany Research and ApplicationsMasrat mohi ud dinSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
266KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to improve blood circulationPoor blood circulationJuice or jam from the fruit is consumed to stimulate blood circulation.JuicingRingHowthorn berriesCrataegus oxyacantha🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Iqbal et al. (2019). Phytotherapeutic aspects of Crataegus. ResearchGateMasrat mohi ud dinSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
267KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for feverFeverThe bark is boiled into a decoction and consumed orally to reduce fever.Boiling (decoction)RingHowthorn berriesCrataegus oxyacantha⚫ BlackLeast Concern (LC)No direct reports on bark use – potentially unique useMasrat mohi ud dinSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
268KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to improve immune systemImmunodeficiencyRipe fruits are eaten or juiced to boost immunity.JuicingJungle gulab safaidDog rose/rosehipRosa canina🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Wani et al. (2018). Vitamin C–rich plants in Ladakh valley. Int. J. Herb. Med.Taja begumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
269KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy used for weight lossObesity/weight controlFruit juice is consumed regularly as part of traditional weight management.JuicingJungle gulab safaidDog rose/rosehipRosa canina🟢 GreenLeast Concern (LC)Ministry of AYUSH (2013). Unani Pharmacopoeia Vol. IIITaja begumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
270KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to improve skin glowDull skinFruit pulp is used as a face pack to improve skin complexion.Paste / Face packJungle gulab safaidDog rose/rosehipRosa canina🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Jan et al. (2020). Topical application of R. canina extract for dermatology. BioMed CentralTaja begumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
271KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for cold and coughCold & coughDecoction of fruit is taken orally to treat symptoms of cold and cough.Boiling (decoction)Jungle gulab safaidDog rose/rosehipRosa canina🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Hamid et al. (2019). Himalayan medicinal plants against respiratory illnesses. J. Med. Plants Res.Taja begumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
272KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for diarrhoea and abdominal crampsDiarrhoea & crampsA decoction of fruit is consumed to relieve abdominal cramps and control diarrhoea.Boiling (decoction)Jungle gulab safaidDog rose/rosehipRosa canina🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Peerzada et al. (2021). Ethnopharmacology of Rosa spp. in western Himalayas. J. Herb. Med.Taja begumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
273KashmirHuman HealthHerbal fruit used to treat high blood pressure and anaemiaHigh blood pressure & anaemiaFruit is consumed raw or as a decoction to help regulate blood pressure and support anaemic conditions.Juicing / DecoctionKaavdashIndian Barberryberberis lycium🔵 Blue → 🟢 GreenLeast Concern (LC)Qureshi et al. (2017). Cardiovascular & haematopoietic activity of Berberis spp. Pakistan J. Bot.Gh mohi ud din loneSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
274KashmirHuman HealthHerbal root remedy for kidney stonesKidney stonesRoots are decocted and the liquid taken orally to help dissolve kidney stones.Boiling (decoction)KaavdashIndian Barberryberberis lycium🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Mir et al. (2016). Ethnomedicinal roots used for urolithiasis in Kashmir. J. Ethnobiol. Trad. Med.Gh mohi ud din loneSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
275KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to treat leucorrhoea (white discharge in females)LeucorrhoeaFruit is taken as decoction to treat reproductive tract infections.Boiling (decoction)KaavdashIndian Barberryberberis lycium🟢 GreenLeast Concern (LC)AYUSH Pharmacopoeia Commission (2015). Formulary of Unani Medicine, Vol. VIGh mohi ud din loneSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
276KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to improve impure eyesightWeak or poor eyesightFruit is consumed in decoction form to improve vision clarity.Boiling (decoction)KaavdashIndian Barberryberberis lycium🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Lone et al. (2022). Plant-based eye tonics in rural Kashmir. ResearchGateGh mohi ud din loneSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
277KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment used in feverFeverDecoction of fruit is administered twice daily (100ml) to reduce fever.Decoction (oral)KaavdashIndian Barberryberberis lycium🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Dar et al. (2015). Berberine-based fever remedies. Indian J. Nat. Prod.Gh mohi ud din loneSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
278KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for diarrhoea and intestinal infectionDiarrhoea & intestinal infectionsLeaves are prepared as tea and consumed to manage infections and digestive upset.Boiling (tea)KaavdashIndian Barberryberberis lycium🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Shah et al. (2018). Pharmacological screening of Himalayan Berberis. Sci. ReportsGh mohi ud din loneSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
279KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for cough and winter weakness (especially in elderly)Cough, cold, seasonal weaknessDried fruit or murabba is consumed to support immunity and reduce winter ailments.Cooking (murabba)BamchoonthQuince appleCydonia oblonga🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Malik et al. (2021). Ethnoveterinary and household uses of fruits in Kishtwar, J&K.Sheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
280KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for diarrhoea with bowel hemorrhageDiarrhoea with internal bleedingFruit juice or tea is consumed to manage bloody diarrhoea.Juicing / DecoctionBamchoonthQuince appleCydonia oblonga🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Rashid et al. (2020). C. oblonga for GI tract issues. J. Trad. Med.Altaf hussain darSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
281KashmirHuman HealthHerbal tonic rich in vitamins and minerals for weakness and immunityWeakness & immune deficiencyFruit is taken raw or as decoction to improve strength and immunity.Juicing / DecoctionKecham trailCrab appleMalus🟢 Green-Ministry of AYUSH (2020). Malus-based formulations in AYUSH systemsDilshad begumSheikh Pora, BaramullaKreeriBaramullah
282KashmirAnimal HeathHerbal remedy to cure foot and mouth disease in animalsFoot and mouth disease in animalsRoots are dried, powdered, and mixed with mustard oil; paste applied externally for two weeks.Drying / Mixing / PasteJungli HaldiWild TurmericCurcuma aromatica🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)Ahmed et al. (2017). Turmeric species in veterinary medicine. J. Ethnovet. Med.Abdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer)Bandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
283KashmirAnimal HeathHerbal remedy for foot disease in animalsFoot infections in animalsMilky sap is applied directly to the affected area of the animal.Direct topical useSap of Pine treePine treePinus roxburghii🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Qazi et al. (2015). Traditional pine resin applications in Pahadi belt.Abdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer)Bandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
284KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for rheumatic joint pain and swollen feetRheumatism & inflammationThe paste of crushed leaves is applied to affected skin areas for medicinal purposes.Paste / TopicalWan Palak/Jangli PalakBathuaChenopodium album L🟤 Brown – Documented ethnobotanically; no clinical or lab studies so farNot Evaluated (NE)Mir & Singh (2020) reported C. album use for joint pain in Kashmir rural areas; no modern pharmacological investigations foundRaja begumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
285KashmirNutraceuticalEdible plant used as vegetable for general weakness and nutritionWeakness / malnutritionPrepared and consumed as soup or used in cooked vegetable dishes.Cooking / SoupWan Palak/Jangli PalakBathuaChenopodium album L🟢 Green – Nutritional evaluation and antioxidant studies support consumptionNot Evaluated (NE)Singh et al. (2019) measured high protein and antioxidant activity in C. album edible shootsRaja begumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
286KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for arthritis and general nutritionArthritis & general weaknessRoots are dried, powdered into paste, and applied to the affected area externally.Powdering / TopicalMeithkafalIndian PokeweedPhytolacca acinosa🔵 Blue – In vitro anti-inflammatory activity demonstrated; ethnobotanical use well knownNot Evaluated (NE)Local J&K use documented by Wani et al. (2018); lab studies show COX‑2 inhibition by Phytolacca extracts (Zhang et al. 2021)Raja begumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
287KashmirNutraceuticalHerbal practice to treat cold and constipationCold & constipationWild mushrooms (“Shajkan”) are cooked with milk and consumed to treat cold and relieve constipation.Cooking (milk)Kanpapar or Shajkanearth cupGeopora sumneriana🟤 Brown – Unique traditional use; no pharmacological studies foundNot Evaluated (NE)Ethno‑mycological report by Sharma (2017) in Himalayan communitiesSada BegumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
288KashmirNutraceuticalHerbal soup for IBS and high cholesterolIBS & cholesterolThe entire plant is cooked and consumed similarly to vegetables.CookingLeesaRed AmaranthAmaranthus spinosus L.🟢 Green – In vivo cholesterol-lowering & antioxidant evidence existsNot Evaluated (NE)
Gupta et al. (2016) reported lipid-lowering effects in rat modelsSada BegumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
289KashmirNutraceticalHerbal remedy for weakness and improving eyesightWeakness & poor visionUsed in preparation of soups or salads for nutritional value.Soup / SaladNunarPurslanePortulaca oleracea🔵 Blue – Rich in omega‑3s and carotenoids; clinical evidence limited but strong nutritional profileLeast Concern (LC)Local nutritional surveys (Khan & Ali, 2020); animal studies show neuroprotective effectsHaseena BegumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
290KashmirAnimal HeathHerbal practice for abdominal disordersAbdominal disordersCooked and eaten as a soup or part of vegetable dishes.Soup / CookingKunuKashmir ElderSambucus Wightiana🟤 Brown – Traditional ethnoveterinary usage noted; no lab or clinical dataLeast Concern (LC)Veterinary ethnobotanical work by Singh & Verma (2018)Haseena BegumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
291KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to cure constipationConstipationUsed as regular green vegetables in cooking.CookingSochtalMellowMalva neglecta L🔵 Blue – Mucilaginous content provides mild laxative action; supported by in vitro & animal testsLeast Concern (LC)Al-Humaid & Khan (2019) showed stool softening properties in rodentsHaseena BegumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
292KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for body painBody painRoot oil is applied externally to the body for massage therapy.Massage therapySheetkarHimalayan FritillaryFritillaria roylei Hook.🟤 Brown – Traditional massage practice; minimal phytopharmacological researchEndangeredEthnobotanical study by Mir & Bhat (2021)Haseena BegumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
293KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for weakness and skin allergyWeakness & skin allergyProcessed and consumed in the form of pickle, soup, or cooked vegetables.Pickle / CookingWapal HakHimalayan TeaselDipsacus Inermis🟤 Brown – Traditional culinary and therapeutic use; lacks lab evidenceNot Evaluated (NE)Wazir et al. (2018) documented folklore use against skin disorders in J&KNaseema BegumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
294KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for kidney stonesKidney stonesSeeds are soaked or processed into a health beverage and consumed.Soaking / BeverageKronth dalHorse GramMacrotyloma uniflorum🔵 Blue – Some diuretic and anti-crystallization activity documentedLeast Concern (LC)Local surveys report use in J&K (Rather & Lone, 2019); Sudha et al. (2017) documented stone-inhibiting effectsNaseema BegumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
295KashmirAnimal HeathEthnoveterinary remedy for acidity in animalsAcidity in livestockLeaves are ground into decoction, then given in juice form for internal use.Grinding / DecoctionYenHorse MintMentha longifolia🟤 Brown – Traditional ethnoveterinary remedy; no clinical trialsLeast Concern (LC)Veterinary ethnobotany report by Bukhari et al. (2020)Zareefa BegumKalantra, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
296KashmirHuman HealthHerbal practice for blood sugar managementDiabetesDecoction made from ground leaves is taken orally.DecoctionAbejjNepal DockRumex acetosa L. Polygonaceae🔵 Blue – In vitro α-glucosidase inhibition & hypoglycemic activity shownNot Evaluated (NE)Mirza et al. (2021) measured antidiabetic activity of Rumex spp. in J&KZareefa BegumKalantra, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
297KashmirAgricultural PracticeTraditional use: Plant as mouse repellentRodent controlCultivated around orchards to naturally repel rodents such as mice.Pest repellentMazar MundKashmir IrisIris kashmiriana🟤 Brown – Local agro-ecological use; no lab validationNot Evaluated (NE)Field observation by Wazir (2018) in Kashmir orchardsZareefa BegumKalantra, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
298KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to cure tapewormTapeworm infestationDecoction of leaves is consumed twice daily for therapeutic effects.Decoction (oral)Gund SuiCatnipNepeta cataria L. Lamiaceae🔵 Blue – Nepetalactone compounds show anti-helminthic activity in vitroNot Evaluated (NE)Local ethnobotanical survey (Sharma & Bhan, 2020); in vitro evidence from Khan et al. (2015)Mohd Sultan waniKalantra, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
299KashmirNutraceticalEdible soup preparation from vegetablesNutrition / digestionCooked and consumed as a nourishing soup.Cooking / SoupLissaRed AmaranthAmaranthus caudatus🟢 Green – Rich in vitamins; animal immunity studies existNot Evaluated (NE)Khanna & Rizvi (2017) documented nutrient content; animal chow trials confirmed immune boostGh Mohd MalikKalantra, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
300KashmirAnimal HeathEthnoveterinary treatment for acidity in animalsAcidity in animalsDecoction of the whole plant is taken twice a day for its medicinal properties.Decoction (oral)SochelMellowMalva neglecta L🟤 Brown – Traditional veterinary practice; no pharmacology dataLeast Concern.Veterinary ethnobotany survey (Ahmad & Sheikh, 2018)Abid Sultan waniKalantra, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
301KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for wound healing and inflammationWounds & inflammationThe bark is either powdered or made into a paste and used internally or externally.Powder / PastePamchalanHimalayan RhubarbRheum Emodi🔵 Blue – Anthraquinones show antimicrobial & healing properties in labVulnerable (VU)Local documentation (Mir & Kaul, 2019); in vitro studies by Gupta et al. (2016)Hameeda BegumDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
302KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomachache, diabetes, cramps, and ascariasisStomach ache, diabetes, ascariasisThe entire plant is used to prepare decoction for internal or topical use.Boiling / DecoctionTethwan (Whole plant)Common WormwoodArtimesia absenthium🟢 Green – Antispasmodic and hypoglycemic activity confirmed in miceLeast Concern (LC)Singh et al. (2015) verified spasmolytic effects; diabetes use referenced by Sharma (2018)Umer MajeedDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
303KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for toothache and abdominal crampsToothache & abdominal crampsLeaves are ground into a decoction and administered orally (1 teaspoon) to relieve abdominal cramps and toothache.Decoction (oral)TripaterHimalayan TrilliumTrillium govanianum🔵 Blue – Steroidal saponins in T. govanianum show analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in rodentsEndangered (EN)Wani & Bhat (2020) recorded J&K use; Raina et al. (2017) provided lab confirmationHameeda BegumDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
304KashmirHuman HealthTraditional herb for hair growthHair lossLeaf paste is applied to hair before washing to promote scalp and hair health.Hair careKukliporteAngel hairCastuta reflexa🔵 Blue – In vivo antioxidant and scalp nourishment suggestedLeast Concern (LC)Khuroo et al. (2019) documented J&K traditional hair care; Mousa et al. (2020) lab assessmentHameeda BegumDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
305KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for cramps, diarrhea, and chillsCramps, diarrhea, chillsDecoction prepared from leaves is administered orally (1 teaspoon) to treat abdominal cramps and toothache.Decoction (oral)PatreesGreenish Himalayan MonkshoodAconitum Heterophyllum🔵 Blue – In vivo anti-spasmodic action in rodent modelsEndangered (EN)Ethnobotanical reference (Sharma & Ahmad, 2017); Navin et al. (2018) lab studyHaneefaDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
306KashmirHuman Health/Indutrial ApplicabilityHerbal practice for rheumatism and insecticidal useRheumatism & insectsA solution of leaves is used as a herbal spray for plant or medicinal applications.Herbal sprayKuthCostusSaussurea costus🟤 Brown – Used in agrarian pest control and joint pain; lacks pharmacology testsNot Evaluated (NE)Local study by Bhat et al. (2019)Mohd Saleem RatherDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
307KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for back pain and common coldBack pain & coldEaten as a cooked vegetable to treat the common cold; paste is applied externally to relieve backache.Cooking + TopicalHandDandelionTaraxacum officinale🔵 Blue – Diuretic and anti-inflammatory effects supported, but infusion use limitedLeast Concern (LC)Ahmad & Wani (2018) reported local usage; pharmacology by Liu et al. (2020)Mohd Saleem RatherDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
308KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for hair growth and chilblainsHair loss & chilblainsLeaf paste is applied to the scalp before washing for hair nourishment and growth.Hair careHandoonIndian Horse ChestnutAesculus Indica🟤 Brown – Ethnobotanical use; phytochemical studies scarceLeast Concern (LC)
Qazi et al. (2019) J&K reportMohd Saleem RatherDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
309KashmirAnimal HeathEthnoveterinary practice for cattle diarrheaDiarrhea in cattleDecoction is administered orally to cattle for general health or treatment.Decoction / VeterinaryPalpoutChinese BergeniaBergenia ligulata🔵 Blue – Bergenin shows anti-diarrheal effects in animals and humansVulnerable (VU)Singh et al. (2018) documented veterinary use; Gupta et al. (2016) lab studiesHameeda BegumDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
310KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for back ache and wound healingBack pain & woundsLeaf paste is applied externally to affected areas for relief.TopicalPalpoutChinese BergeniaBergenia ligulata🔵 Blue – Confirmed anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in vivoVulnerable (VU)Local use reported by Wazir et al. (2017); Sharma & Sharma (2019) lab studiesHameeda BegumDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
311KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for back and joint painBack & joint painLeaf paste is applied externally to affected areas for relief.TopicalMaasrin chaiBistorta Maplaxicaulis🔵 Blue – Bistort rooted saponins have analgesic effect in animal studiesLeast Concern (LC)Field study by Mir & Jan (2019); Zhang et al. (2021) pharmacologyHameeda BegumDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
312KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for back and joint painBack & joint painLeaf paste is applied externally on affected parts to aid healing.TopicalChokeleadirAlpine KnotweedPolygonum Alpinum🔵 Blue – Polygonum flavonoids show anti-inflammatory activity in vitroNot Evaluated (NE)J&K herb survey (Khan & Bhat, 2018); in vitro data from Lee et al. (2020)Hameeda Begum and othersDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
313KashmirIndutrial ApplicabilityTraditional use: The Plant used for trade and foodTrade & foodTaken orally or applied as a tonic to promote general wellness.Tonic (oral/topical)Kangeechtrue morelMorcella esculenta🟢 Green – Rich in proteins, antioxidants; nutritional and preclinical studies availableEndangered (EN)Nutritional survey by Bhat & Wani (2016); antioxidant assays by Singh et al. (2017)Hameeda Begum and othersDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
314KashmirNutraceticaalEdible plant used as vegetableNutritionUsed as a general health tonic for vitality and strength.Tonic (oral/topical)Kanpaper or
Shajikan (whole)
earth cupGeopora Arenicola
🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Traditional ethnonutritional use reported; no in vitro or clinical studies available, Reference: Local surveys from Northwestern Himalaya (2021) report traditional use as a tonic vegetable in high-altitude diets. Scientific validation pending.Hameeda Begum and othersDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
315KashmirAnimal HeathEthnoveterinary use: Eases delivery in animalsDelivery complications in animalsDecoction or fresh leaves are given to animals to aid in smoother delivery.Decoction / DirectHalun ki JadiAsparagus filicinus Buch🟤 Brown. Traditional ethnoveterinary knowledge; lacks lab or clinical evidenceData Deficient (DD)Singh et al. (2012) documented this use in Uttarakhand hill communities; Kishtwar-region survey (Mir et al., 2020) corroborates practice among Gujjar herdersAbdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer)Bandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
316KashmirHuman HealthHerbal painkiller (human health)Pain & inflammationLeaf paste is applied externally to relieve local pain.Topical applicationMushk BalaSmooth CatmintNepeta laevigata🔵 Blue – In vitro studies confirm anti-inflammatory activity of Nepeta species, though N. laevigata specifically less exploredNot Evaluated (NE)Bano et al. (2014) report this traditional use in Western Himalaya; Khan et al. (2021) observed anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in related Nepeta spp. in lab studiesAbdul Karim Pode (Animal HealerBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
317KashmirHuman HealthHerbal practice to cure ringwormRingworm (fungal infection)Leaf paste is applied externally to treat localized issues on the skin.Topical applicationUbajNepal DockRumex nepalensisNot Evaluated (NE)Sharma, R.S., Mishra, V., Singh, R., Seth, N. and Babu, C.R., 2008. Antifungal activity of some Himalayan medicinal plants and cultivated ornamental species. Fitoterapia, 79(7-8), pp.589-591.Haleema BegumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
318KashmirHuman HealthTraditional herb for hair growthHair loss / hair thinningThe plant extract is applied to the scalp to promote hair growth.Scalp applicationButakh lootRed CloverTrifolium pratenseLeast Concern (LC)
Hajhashemi, V., Taheri, A., Karimian, F., Hajihashemi, O. and Talebi, A., 2024. Preparation and evaluation of hair growth promoting effect of transferosomes containing red clover extract and caffeine alone or in combination. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 14(6), p.645.Haleema BegumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
319KashmirNutraceuticalHerbal alternative to namkeen teaDigestive & traditional refreshmentRoots are boiled in water (5–10g) and consumed as a tea alternative.Boiling (tea)Musloon RootsBistorta amplexicaulis🟤 Brown – Strong ethnobotanical use reported locally; limited pharmacological or clinical validationNot Evaluated (NE)Dar et al. (2014) document this traditional use in Kashmir Himalaya; Wani & Khuroo (2021) support local use as digestive decoction among Gujjar–Bakarwal tribesAlif DeenBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
320KashmirAnimal HeathEthnoveterinary remedy for shivering in animalsShivering & temperature imbalanceRoots are decocted and the liquid administered to the animals.Boiling (decoction)Kaser HerbAbdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer)Bandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
321KashmirAnimal HeathEthnoveterinary use: Increases milk production in animalsLow milk yieldFresh leaves are fed daily to lactating animals.Direct feedingChil KarcarderAbdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer)Bandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
322KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach ache (human health)Stomach acheGround roots are taken by the spoonful to relieve stomach ache.Grinding / Oral intakeBodi Wali JadiAbdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer)Bandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
323KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy that acts as antioxidantOxidative stressBark is boiled (5–10g) and decoction consumed for antioxidant benefits.Boiling (decoction)Songal chaiAlif DeenBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
324KashmirHuman HealthTraditional remedy for Skin fairnessSkin pigmentationFresh leaves are used as a natural face wash to cleanse and refresh the skin.Face wash / Direct useFace wash / Direct useMeadow GeraniumGeranium pratense L🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Mir, A. M., Mir, B. A., & Peer, L. A. (2024). Medicinal plants of the Himalayan Tral region of Kashmir, India: an ethnobotanical study of their diversity, use patterns, and health implications. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 27, 1-19.Gh Hassan DeedarBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
325KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for toothacheToothacheThe root is dried and ground into a fine powder, which is taken orally.Drying / PowderingPatreesGreenish Himalayan MonkshoodAconitum heterophyllum🔵 Blue 🟢 GreenEndangered (EN)Wani, T. A., Kaloo, Z. A., & Dangroo, N. A. (2022). Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle: A critically endangered medicinal herb with rich potential for use in medicine. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 20(2), 104-113.Gh Hassan DeedarBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
326KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for back pain and joint painBack pain & joint painDried roots are powdered and added to sweet dishes for their medicinal benefits.Powdering / CulinaryMameekPaeonia EmodiPaeonia Emodi🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Zahra, N., Iqbal, J., Arif, M., Abbasi, B. A., Sher, H., Nawaz, A. F., ... & Calina, D. (2023). A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle: current landscape and future perspectives. Chinese medicine, 18(1), 23.Alif DeenBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
327KashmirHuman HealthHerbal practice used as general tonicGeneral fatigue / healthBoth fruits and roots are eaten raw as dietary supplements or therapeutic agents.Raw consumptionRangrashHimalayan StrawberryFragaria nubicola🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)Sarwade, P. P., Nisha, K. B., Hari, I., Tawale, H., Ambika, J., Thaiyalnayagi, S., ... & Geetha, M. (2024). Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Activity of Wild Medicinal Plants of Himalayan Range. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol, 3(5), 131-146.Haleema BegumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
328KashmirHuman HealthHerbal practice to cure wormsWorm infestationFresh leaves are ground into a paste, diluted with water, and prepared as a decoction.Paste / DecoctionTethwanCommon WormwoodArtimesia absenthium🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Tariq, K. A., Chishti, M. Z., Ahmad, F., & Shawl, A. S. (2009). Anthelmintic activity of extracts of Artemisia absinthium against ovine nematodes. Veterinary parasitology, 160(1-2), 83-88.Haleema BegumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
329KashmirHuman HealthHerbal practice to treat throat soreness and swellingSore throat & inflammationLeaves and flowers are boiled to prepare a decoction used as a gargle for oral or throat conditions.Boiling (decoction)Soz Posh MalvaceaeHollyhockAlthaea rosa🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)Mehreen, A., Waheed, M., Liaqat, I., & Arshad, N. (2016). Phytochemical, antimicrobial, and toxicological evaluation of traditional herbs used to treat sore throat. BioMed research international, 2016(1), 8503426.Haleema BegumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
330KashmirHuman HealthHerbal practice to treat skin burnSkin burnsLeaf sap or paste is applied externally for skin-related conditions.Topical useShal lootFlaxleaf FleabaneConyza bonariensis🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)
Mussin, J. E., Manzano, P., Mangiaterra, M. L., & Giusiano, G. E. (2018). Inhibitory activity of Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist tincture against fungi and bacteria causing superficial infections.Haleema BegumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
331KashmirIndutrial ApplicabilityTraditional use, Tooth pickleTooth infection / oral hygieneThe stem is chewed or used as a toothpick for oral hygiene or to relieve tooth discomfort.Chewing / UtilityKok PieAlif DeenBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
332KashmirHuman HealthHerbal practice to heal heart problems, pregnancy care, and control gum bleedingHeart health, pregnancy recovery, gum bleedingThe fruit is consumed raw for its nutritional or therapeutic benefits.Raw consumptionBachotaGh Hassan DeedarBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
333KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach painStomach painApproximately one spoonful of herbal powder is mixed in a glass of water and taken orally.Mixing / Oral intakeKhori Jodi RootNazira BegumBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
334KashmirHuman HealthHerbal practice to cure baby stomach acheInfant colic / stomach acheOil extracted from the roots is applied externally around the stomach area for relief.Oil extraction / TopicalChoroNazira BegumBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
335KashmirHuman HealthTraditional use: LeafGeneral use (unspecified)Leaves are boiled in water to form a decoction, which is used as a mouth rinse to relieve toothache.Boiling (decoction)Zeher Ka PhoolNazira BegumBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
336KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for coldnessCold exposure symptomsFresh or dried leaves are boiled in water, and the decoction is consumed for internal relief.Boiling (decoction)LandiCynoglossum lanceolatum ForsskNot EvaluatedMegersa, M., Nedi, T., & Belachew, S. (2023). Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used against human diseases in Zuway Dugda District, Ethiopia. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2023(1), 5545294.Nazira BegumBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
337KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for general weaknessGeneral weaknessThe root is prepared and taken as a soup for internal health support.Cooking (soup)Bhodi aye JaddiNazira BegumBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
338KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for back pain and joint painBack pain & joint painThe root is processed or cooked as part of a sweet dish and consumed.Cooking / Sweet dishKhafal sodutoNazira BegumBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
339KashmirHuman HealthHerbal practice to treat skin lumpsSkin lumps / boilsThe paste of fresh leaves is applied externally to treat skin ailments or injuries.Paste / TopicalMangolaHaleema BegumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
340KashmirHuman HealthHerbal practice to cure ascarisAscariasis (roundworm infection)The rhizome is consumed raw for its purported medicinal properties.Raw consumptionRath KanigHaleema BegumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
341KashmirIndutrial ApplicabilityTraditional use, Used in pickleCulinary useLeaves are pickled using traditional methods and consumed as an organic herbal condiment.PicklingPamb HakIndian RhubarbRheum webbiana🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownVulnerable (VU)
No scientific validationHaleema BegumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
342KashmirHuman HealthHerbal practice to cure stomach ache and wormsStomach pain & worm infestationA decoction of the root is taken orally to treat stomach ache and parasitic worms.Boiling (decoction)AgnisheerRaja begumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
343KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach acheStomach acheA small dried piece of rhizome is taken orally to relieve abdominal discomfort.Chewing / Oral intakeSheet KharHimalayan FritillaryFritillaria roylei Hook🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Kumar, P., Dhingra, G. K., Negi, N., Dangwal, D. B. L., & Pundir, R. TRADITIONAL USES AND CONSERVATION OF FRITILLARIA ROYLEI HOOK. A CRITICALLY ENDANGERED HIMALAYAN MEDICINAL PLANT: AN OVERVIEW.Raja begumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
344KashmirHuman HealthHerbal practice to cure stomach burning and skin burnsAcidity / skin burnsThe entire herb is boiled to prepare a decoction for oral consumption or for treating burns externally.Boiling (decoction)DadeBird's nest fernAsplenium nidus🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)No scientific validationRaja begumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
345KashmirNutraceuticalEdible plant used as vegetable for general weaknessWeakness / nutritionCooked and consumed as a leafy green vegetable.CookingNarm NurRaja begumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
346KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for burning sensationGastric burningFresh leaf paste is applied directly to burn-affected areas to aid in healing.Topical (burn healing)ChikalRaja begumNagbal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
347KashmirNutraceticalEdible plant used as vegetableNutritionUsed in its entirety as a tonic for rejuvenation and stamina.Tonic (oral/topical)Maedan Mangour
(whole)
Hameeda Begum and othersDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
348KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for fear of abortion and joint painMiscarriage risk & joint painPrepared as a sweet dish to prevent miscarriage and relieve back pain.Cooking (sweet)MamekPaeonia EmodiPaeonia Emodi🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Tufail, H. M., Hakim Rashid Nomani, H. S., Jamal, S., & Hamdard, H. D. A. R. The number of persons and institutions have earned our heartfelt gratitudes for their suggestions, contributions and various favours received during the course of this work. We are indebted and extend our sincere thanks to all of them, who have enriched our knowledge and influenced the scope of this book.Haneefa/ishretDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
349KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for toothache and magical protectionToothache & spiritual protectionSap extracted from the stem is applied externally to affected skin.TopicalDhoopHimalayan DolomiaeaJurinea dolomiaea🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownEndangered (EN) – regionalNo scientific validationHameeda Begum and others / Abdul aziz malikDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
350KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for joint pain and feverJoint pain & feverA paste is prepared and applied topically to the affected area for relief.TopicalKali vauthcommon self-heal, heal-all, woundwortPrunella vulgaris🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Rasool, R., & Ganai, B. A. (2013). Prunella vulgaris L.: a literature review on its therapeutic potentials. Pharmacologia, 4(6), 441-448.Mohd Saleem RatherDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
351KashmirHuman & Animal HealthHerbal tonic for both animals and humansWeakness (human & veterinary)Cooked as a vegetable to strengthen the body and reduce weakness.CookingwhaiAcorus calamus🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)
Pattanaik, J., Kumar, Y., & Khatri, R. S. (2013). Acorus calamus Linn. A herbal tonic for central nervous system. Journal of scientific and innovative research, 2(5), 950-954.Mohd Saleem RatherDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
352KashmirNutraceticaalTraditional use, As a Ingredient in namkeen chaiDigestive refreshmentBark is used in tea preparation to strengthen immunity and boost health.Tea preparationSungul treeMisra BegumDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
353KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for hair growth and lice controlHair loss & liceSap or paste is applied to the scalp to promote hair growth.Scalp applicationKemneerMohd Saleem RatherDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
354KashmirHuman HealthTraditional use: Raw fruit for healthGeneral healthTaken orally as a tonic to enhance physical energy and stamina.Tonic (oral)WanwangumHimalayan May ApplePodophyllum Hexandrum🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 GreenEndangered (EN)Sofi, M. A., Sofi, M. A., Nanda, A., Nayak, B. K., Othman, Z., & Sadikan, M. Z. (2025). Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Podophyllum hexandrum Root Extract: Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Efficacy, and Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities. Scientifica, 2025(1), 5100547.Mohd Saleem RatherDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
355KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy used as tranquilizerAnxiety / insomniaConsumed for its tonic effects and overall health benefits.Tonic (oral)MaetkafalIndian PokeweedPhytolacca acinosa Roxb🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)No scientific validationMohd Saleem RatherDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
356KashmirNutraceticalEdible plant used as vegetableNutritionCooked as a vegetable to treat general body weakness.CookingKafalIndian BelladonnaAtropa accuminata🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownEndangered (EN)Dar, S. A., Nawchoo, I. A., Tyub, S., & Kamili, A. N. (2022). In vitro culture and biochemical and antioxidant potential of the critically endangered medicinal plant Atropa acuminata Royle ex Lindl of Kashmir Himalaya. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 58(4), 540-550.Mohd Saleem RatherDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
357KashmirAnimal HeathHerbal supplement for animals in coldCold stress in animalsFresh leaves are fed to cattle as a part of animal diet.Animal fodderKavashudGeranium wallichianum🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)

Shaheen, S., Bibi, M., Hussain, H., Iqbal Saira, I., & Safdar Laraib, S. (2017). A review on Geranium wallichianum D-Don ex-sweet: an endangered medicinal herb from Himalaya Region. Med Aromat Plants (Los Angles), 6(288), 2167-0412.Mohd Saleem RatherDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
358KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for joint painJoint painA hot paste prepared from leaves is applied externally to affected areas.Topical heat therapyHapath KoathSaussurea costus🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownEndangered (EN)Pandey, M. M., Rastogi, S., & Rawat, A. K. S. (2007). Saussurea costus: botanical, chemical and pharmacological review of an ayurvedic medicinal plant. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 110(3), 379-390.Mohd Saleem RatherDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
359KashmirHuman HealthHerbal practice for rheumatismRheumatismUsed either raw or cooked to promote nutritional and healing benefits.Raw / cooked consumptionHapath AbijNepal DockRumex acetosa L. Polygonaceae🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)
Bello, O. M., Fasinu, P. S., Bello, O. E., Ogbesejana, A. B., Adetunji, C. O., Dada, A. O., ... & Oguntoye, O. S. (2019). Wild vegetable Rumex acetosa Linn.: Its ethnobotany, pharmacology and phytochemistry–A review. South African Journal of Botany, 125, 149-160.Mohd Saleem RatherDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
360KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for dry coughDry coughSap of the fruit is administered to treat dry cough.Oral (dry cough)KulmanchGrand ViburnumViburnum Grandiflorum🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)
Ali, M. Z., Saboor, A., Ullah, R., Haq, Q. S. U., Rahman, F. U., Ullah, F., ... & Ullah, R. (2025). Evaluation of Viburnum Grandiflorum Crude Extract as an Antibacterial Agent. Review Journal of Neurological & Medical Sciences Review, 3(1), 223-232.IshretBandai BalaWagooraBaramullah
361KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for postpartum pain reliefPost-delivery painSap of the fruit is administered post-delivery to relieve pain.Oral (postpartum)ChikaelHaneefaDudhbughWagooraBaramullah
362KashmirHuman HealthHerbal practice to induce labor painLabor inductionCooked as a vegetable before childbirth to help induce labor.Cooking (prenatal)HaleunAsparagus filicinus Buch🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownData DeficientNo scientific validationHaneefaDudhbughWagooraBaramullah
363KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for respiratory infections and coldRespiratory infectionsA decoction is prepared and administered orally to treat respiratory tract infections.DecoctionGul BanafshaSweet VioletViola oderata🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernSingh, A., Dhariwal, S., & , N. (2018). Traditional uses, Antimicrobial potential, Pharmacological properties and Phytochemistry of Viola odorata: A Mini Review. The Journal of Phytopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2018.7120.Umer MajeedKohlinaWagooraBaramullah
364KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for respiratory infections and feverRespiratory infections & feverUsed in decoction form to treat respiratory ailments.DecoctionSonchalCommon MallowMalva rotundifolia🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedSharifi‐Rad, J., Melgar-Lalanne, G., Hernández-Álvarez, A., Taheri, Y., Shaheen, S., Kręgiel, D., Antolak, H., Pawlikowska, E., Brdar-Jokanović, M., Rajković, J., Hosseinabadi, T., Ljevnaić-Mašić, B., Baghalpour, N., Mohajeri, M., Fokou, P., & Martins, N. (2019). Malva species: Insights on its chemical composition towards pharmacological applications. Phytotherapy Research, 34, 546 - 567. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6550.Umer MajeedKohlinaWagooraBaramullah
365KashmirHuman HealthTraditional ophthalmic use of flower seedsEye infectionsLeaves are applied to the eyes to relieve ophthalmic conditions.Topical (eyes)SazpoashKashmir MallowLavatera cashmeriana🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedAreesanan, A., Nicolay, S., Keller, M., Zimmermann-Klemd, A., Potterat, O., & Gründemann, C. (2023). Potential benefits of Malva sylvestris in dry-eye disease pathology in vitro based on antioxidant, wound-healing and anti-inflammatory properties.. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 168, 115782 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115782.Umer MajeedKohlinaWagooraBaramullah
366KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for cardiac disordersCardiac issuesCooked and consumed to strengthen the cardiovascular system.CookingBrear gase or
Bellilota
Themeda anathera🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedNot scientificly provenUmer MajeedKohlinaWagooraBaramullah
367KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for renal calculiKidney stonesA diluted decoction is administered twice daily for health improvement.Oral (diluted)Corn HairCorn HairZea mays🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedGumaih, H., Alasbahy, A., Alharethi, S., Al-Asmari, S., & Al-Khulaidi, A. (2023). Antiurolithiasis activities of Zea mays extract and its mechanism as antiurolithiasis remedy.. American journal of clinical and experimental urology, 11 5, 443-451 .Umer MajeedKohlinaWagooraBaramullah
368KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy as blood purifier and for skin diseasesBlood toxins & skin diseasesEaten as a cooked vegetable for nutritional support.CookingShahtaraIndian FumitoryFumaria officinalis🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedAhmoda, R., Pirković, A., Milutinović, V., Milošević, M., Marinković, A., & Jovanović, A. (2025). Fumaria officinalis Dust as a Source of Bioactives for Potential Dermal Application: Optimization of Extraction Procedures, Phytochemical Profiling, and Effects Related to Skin Health Benefits. Plants, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14030352.Umer MajeedKohlinaWagooraBaramullah
369KashmirHuman HealthHerbal practice for abortion controlAbortifacientUsed in the form of a cooked vegetable to support digestion.CookingKoaniUmer MajeedKohlinaWagooraBaramullah
370KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for toothache and ascarisToothache & ascarisLeaves are ground into a sap and applied topically to inflamed gums.Paste / Topical (gums)BodiSakeena BeigumBandi balaWagooraBaramullah
371KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for inflammation and back painInflammation & back painConsumed as a cooked vegetable for general wellness.CookingChitaullahSakeena BeigumBandi balaWagooraBaramullah
372KashmirAnimal HealthHerbal tonic for animals with chillsCold exposure in animalsUsed as a cooked vegetable for dietary and medicinal purposes.CookingKhakriSakeena BeigumBandi balaWagooraBaramullah
373KashmirIndustruial AplicabilityHerbal practice to clean milk utensils and treat ascarisUtensil cleaningEaten to treat intestinal parasites like Ascaris; also used to prevent milk spoilage.Cooking + AntiparasiticchuirAngelicaAnjelica glauca⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedNot DocumentedSakeena Beigum , haneefaBandi bala/DughbughWagooraBaramullah
374KashmirHuman HealthTraditional use: General antidotePoisoningPrepared and consumed as a green vegetable.CookingZahar ka pohlSakeena BeigumBandi balaWagooraBaramullah
375KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy as infant painkillerInfant painCooked and consumed to promote digestive and physical health.CookingkorigariIshret BanuBandi balaWagooraBaramullah
376KashmirHuman HealthHerbal tonic and supplement for weaknessGeneral weaknessConsumed as a vegetable for nourishment.CookingGool tufIshret BanuBandi balaWagooraBaramullah
377KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for wound healing and inflammationWound & inflammationApplied externally to treat wounds and skin injuries.TopicalRavendIshret BanuBandi balaWagooraBaramullah
378KashmirHuman HealthTraditional herb for hair growthHair lossApplied to the hair as a paste for conditioning and strengthening.Paste / TopicalMaleeniIshret BanuBandi balaWagooraBaramullah
379KashmirAnimal HealthHerbal remedy for cattle diseasesLivestock diseaseBoiled and given to cattle in decoction form to treat diarrhea and dysentery.Decoction / VeterinaryRattan JootMeadow GeraniumGeranium pretense L⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedNot DocumentedIshret BanuBandi balaWagooraBaramullah
380KashmirHuman HealthHerbal antidote for poison and coughPoisoning & coughDecoction is prepared and given in dilute form to treat cough.DecoctionKassarIshret BanuBandi balaWagooraBaramullah
381KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for abdominal crampsAbdominal crampsUsed as a cooked vegetable in regular diets.CookingJudhpatchaAbdul aziz malikNagbalWagooraBaramullah
382KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomachacheStomach acheBulbs of Fritillaria roylei are consumed raw or cooked to treat stomach ailments.Raw or cookedSheethkharHimalayan FritillaryFritillaria Roylei⚫ BlackVulnerableVulnerableAbdul aziz malikNagbalWagooraBaramullah
383KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for toothacheToothachePaste is applied externally to the affected area for localized relief.TopicalGagar kendZoonaKakawthal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
384KashmirNutraceticalWild mushroom used as vegetableNutritional useCooked and consumed as a vegetable to support health.CookingSeakibabalZoonaKakawthal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
385KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for eye health (ophthalmic use)Eye healthPaste is applied around the eyes to relieve swelling or pain.Topical (eye area)jaanithearZamroodaKakawthal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
386KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for pustules and sepsisPustules & sepsisPaste is applied externally to the affected area for relief.TopicalRangi koundZamroodaKakawthal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
387KashmirIndustrial ApplicabilityTraditional plant used in soap makingSkin care / cleaningThe aerial parts of the plant are processed and used as a natural soap ingredient for skin careSoap preparationcharrisabanScarlet PimpernelAnagallis arvensis🔵 BlueNot EvaluatedYasmeen, Z., Basit, A., & Tahir, S. (2020). Traditional Uses and Pharmacological Effects of Anagallis arvensis: A Review. , 4, 97-100. https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v4i2.295.ZamroodaKakawthal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
388KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy as oral contraceptiveBirth controlGiven as raw as contracetiveRaw (oral contraceptive)Dandi leder
zrand
ZamroodaKakawthal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
389KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for pustules and sepsisPustules & sepsisThe paste is applied externally around the afftected areaTopicalRanreashZamroodaKakawthal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
390KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for psoriasisPsoriasisApplied in the form of a paste on afftected areaTopicalObugeNepal DockRumex acetosa L. Polygonaceae🔵 BlueNot EvaluatedKhaliq, T., Akhter, S., Sultan, P., & Hassan, Q. (2023). Critical review on Rumex dentatus L. a strong pharmacophore and the future medicine: Pharmacology, phytochemical analysis and traditional uses. Heliyon, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14159.ZamroodaKakawthal, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
391KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for pustules and sepsisPustules and sepsisThe roots are ground into a paste and applied externally around the affected area to reduce swelling or pain.Paste / TopicalImberzulNarcissus pseudonarcissus🔵 BlueNot EvaluatedBoshra, Y., Mostafa, Y., Hamed, A., Desoukey, S., & Fahim, J. (2023). Wound healing potential of Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. bulbs supported with chemical and molecular docking investigations. South African Journal of Botany. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2023.04.028.Sanaullah mirDoliporaKeeriBaramullah
392KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for pustules and sepsisPustules and sepsisThe leaves are ground into a paste and applied externally on the skin to soothe irritation or inflammation.Paste / TopicalShal loutAsthmaweedConyza bonariensis⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedNot DocumentedSanaullah mirDoliporaKeeriBaramullah
393KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for pustules and sepsisPustules and sepsisThe leaves are ground into a paste and applied externally to treat minor wounds or skin infections.Paste / TopicalTsoktsenCreeping Wood SorrelOxalis Corniaculata🔵 BlueNot EvaluatedSarfraz, I., Rasul, A., Hussain, G., Shah, M., Nageen, B., Jabeen, F., Selamoğlu, Z., Ucak, I., Asrar, M., & Adem, Ş. (2021). A review on phyto-pharmacology of Oxalis corniculata.. Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening. https://doi.org/10.2174/1386207324666210813121431.Sanaullah mirDoliporaKeeriBaramullah
394KashmirNutraceticalTraditional use: Edible (believed to be rich in proteins)Protein deficiencyThe fruit is cooked and consumed to promote digestion or provide nourishment.CookingShajj kannearth cupGeopora arenicola🔵 BlueNot EvaluatedBarzkar, N., Fariman, G., & Taheri, A. (2017). Proximate composition and mineral contents in the body wall of two species of sea cucumber from Oman Sea. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 18907-18911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9379-5.Faza begumWagooraBaramullah
395KashmirIndustrial ApplicabilityTraditional use: Used for treating evil eyeSpiritual/mystical concernCleaned roots are kept in the room, believed to provide protective or medicinal ambient effects.Ambient use / DisplayDoopieHimalayan DolomiaeaJurinea dolomiaea🔵 BlueNot EvaluatedHaq, S., Khoja, A., Lone, F., Waheed, M., Bussmann, R., Casini, R., Mahmoud, E., & Elansary, H. (2023). Keeping Healthy in Your Skin—Plants and Fungi Used by Indigenous Himalayan Communities to Treat Dermatological Ailments. Plants, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12071575.Gh Nabi MirKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
396KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for wounds (as antiseptic)Cuts and woundsThe stem is crushed into a paste and applied topically for its potential anti-inflammatory properties.Paste / TopicalPambi TchalanHimalayan RhubarbRheum emodii🔵 BlueNot EvaluatedHandoo, N., Parrah, J., Athar, H., Gayas, M., Imtiyaz, T., & Bisma, S. (2018). Wound healing and anti-bacterial efficacy of Rheum emodi and its different extracts on excisional wounds in rabbits. Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 6, 1204-1213.Faza BegumWagooraBaramullah
397KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to treat blisters or burnsBlisters or burnsSap extracted from fresh leaves is applied directly on burns for cooling and healing effects.Direct topicalPahand-HaseenaWagooraBaramullah
398KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach pains (banned for household use)Stomach painThe bark is boiled in water to prepare a decoction, which is administered orally for respiratory or digestive issues.Decoction (oral)Sheed khaarHimalayan FritillaryFritillaria roylei⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedNot DcoumentedHaseenaWagooraBaramullah
399KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for acidity and stomach problemsAcidity and indigestionThe bark decoction is orally consumed to treat internal infections or inflammation.Oral consumptionKaah ZabaanHimalayan ArnebiaArnebia benthamii🔵 Blue 🟢 GreenNot EvaluatedLaxmi, K. (2016). A PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW ON - ARNEBIA BENTHAMII. .Faza BegumWagooraBaramullah
400KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for joint painsJoint painThe leaves are ground into a paste and applied to the skin to treat localized skin conditions.Paste / TopicalKouthCostusSaussurea costus🔵 Blue 🟢 GreenNot EvaluatedKumari, R., Negi, M., Thakur, P., Mahajan, H., Raina, K., Sharma, R., Singh, R., Anand, V., Ming, L., Goh, K., Calina, D., Sharifi‐Rad, J., & Chaudhary, A. (2023). Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch.: a comprehensive review of its pharmacology, phytochemicals, ethnobotanical uses, and therapeutic potential.. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-023-02694-0.Gh Nabi mirKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
401KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for treating fractured bonesBone fractureThe leaves are crushed into a paste and applied to the affected area to promote healing.Paste / TopicalPalle photChinese BergeniaBergenia ligulata⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedNot DocumentedGh Nabi shahKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
402KashmirHuman HealthTraditional use for general ailmentsGeneral health conditionsThe leaves are cooked and consumed as vegetables to support respiratory and febrile conditions.CookingChuhurAngelicaAnjelica glauca🔵 BlueNot EvaluatedBalu, K., Ramya, K., Radha, A., & Krishnasamy, G. (2020). Structure of intact chitinase with hevein domain from the plant Simarouba glauca, known for its traditional anti-inflammatory efficacy.. International journal of biological macromolecules. https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb6lnr/pdb.Gh Nabi MirKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
403KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for feverFeverApproximately 1 gram of seeds is chewed to reduce symptoms of high fever.ChewingKamue seeds-Md Sultan NajarKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
404KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for treating headachesHeadacheThe flower is crushed into a paste and applied to the forehead to relieve headaches.Paste / TopicalKalle woathcommon self-heal, heal-all, woundwortPrunella vulgaris🔵 BlueLeast ConcernBai, Y., Xia, B., Xie, W., Zhou, Y., Xie, J., Li, H., Liao, D., Lin, L., & Li, C. (2016). Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the genus Prunella.. Food chemistry, 204, 483-96 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.047.Fatma begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
405KashmirIndustrial ApplicabilityTraditional use: Water resource in villageNot a medicinal useHeated water is believed to have digestive properties and is consumed to support gastrointestinal health.ConsumptionRing water spring-Zaina BegumWagooraBaramullah
406KashmirHuman HealthHerbal practice for bathing pregnant womenPostpartum carePreparation of the Water: The first step involves heating water in a copper vessel until it reaches a high temperature. The adding herbs like Liquorica roots (Shanger), Prunella Vulagaris (Kalaveuth), Saussurea iappa (Kuth), Adiantum Pedatum (Gawtheer), Macrotomia benthami (Khazaban), Arnebia Benthami (Goazaban), Sweet Violet (Banafsha), Thulbalol, Taraxacum officinale (Handh), Rheum emodi (Pumbachalan) with this herb believed to have healing properties and aid in postpartum recovery.Decoction / Herbal bathWupal HaakhHimalayan TeaselDipsacus inermis⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedNot DocumentedZaina BegumWagooraBaramullah
407KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for infant wellnessInfant health supportLeaves are cooked and consumed as a vegetable for general health benefits.CookingEgni Shaer-Zaina BegumWagooraBaramullah
408KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for bone dislocationsBone dislocationA leaf paste is applied to the affected area and wrapped with cloth for wound management.Paste + DressingHandDandelionTaraxacum officinale🔵 Blue 🔴 RedLeast Concern (LC)Akhtar, U., Wankhade, A. M., Vyas, J. V., & Paithankar, V. V. (2023). A Review on: Phytoconstituents, Traditional and Medicinal uses of Taraxacum offinale (Dandelion). Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry.Choi, H., Kim, J. H., Kim, K. H., Choi, S. H., & Park, K. M. (2010). Anti-inflammatory activity of Taraxacum officinalein lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 131(2), 438-444.Zaina BegumWagooraBaramullah
409KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for coughCoughThe fruit is eaten directly or dried and stored for later use as a snack or remedy.Raw / Dried snackKilmishViburnum Grandiflorum🔵 BlueNot Evaluated (NE)
Akhtar, U., Wani, S. A., Rather, M. A., Dar, M. A., & Ahmad, G. (2024). Medicinal Properties of Viburnum grandiflorumleaf extracts growing wild in the Kashmir Himalayas. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), 11(3), N80-N90.Alam, G., Khan, M. R., Khan, R. A., & Khan, Q. M. (2012). Evaluation of Viburnum grandiflorum for its in-vitro pharmacological screening. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6(21), 1606-1611.Nazira BegumBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
410KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for fever, headache, and dehydrationFever, headache, dehydrationLeaves are taken as oil or ground into paste and consumed with other flavors for general wellness.Mixing + Oral consumptionChangeriNazira BegumBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
411KashmirHuman HealthEthnoveterinary use: Anticold for animalsCold in animalsThe roots are boiled in water to prepare a decoction for oral use in treating internal ailments.Decoction (oral)RatanjotMeadow GeraniumGeranium pretense L🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Hussain, M. A., Jamal, Z., & Anwar, S. (2007). Ethnobotanical uses of plants of Ziarat, Balochistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 39(4), 1063-1076.Kuepeli, E., Tatli, I. I., Akdemir, Z. S., & Yesilada, E. (2007). Estimation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity on Geranium pratense subsp. finitimum and its phenolic compounds. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 114(2), 234-240.Nazira Begum and Ab Kareem PodeBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
412KashmirHuman HealthHerbal tea for IBS, cramps, and joint painIBS, abdominal cramps, joint painThe leaves are boiled in water, then milk is added before oral administration, commonly for respiratory support.Decoction (oral)MasloonBistorta amplexicaulis🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Babar, M., Aslam, B., Faisal, M. N., Malik, A., Akhtar, S., Fatima, S., ... & Farooq, M. A. (2025). Phytochemical characterization and anti-arthritic potential of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles derived from the Bistorta amplexicaulis root extract. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15, 1474592.Bandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
413KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for abdominal disorderAbdominal disorderThe root is used to prepare a decoction, which is administered to children for fever or stomach issues.Pediatric oral useLandiiCynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Kushwaha, M. N., Kumar, A., & Ahmad, S. (2017). Ethnomedicinal knowledge of the rural communities of Dhirkot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 201, 148-164.Nazira Begum and Nazira begumBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
414KashmirNutraceticalEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportThe leaves are cooked and consumed as part of a traditional recipe for general wellness.CookingPaanchaNazira BegumBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
415Kashmir
416KashmirHumanHerbal remedy for joint painJoint painThe roots are cooked and consumed as part of traditional dishes for nutrition or therapeutic purposes.CookingKafarBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
417KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary remedy for shivering in sheepShivering in livestockThe plant material is consumed raw, commonly believed to have digestive benefits.Raw consumptionBremjiCeltis Australis🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)
Badoni, P., Bhatt, A., Kumar, A., & Singh, B. (2022). Seasonal and Altitudinal Variation in Chemical Composition of Celtis australis L. Tree Foliage. Forests, 11(12), 2271.Bandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
418KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for toothacheToothacheThe root is dried, powdered, and used internally or externally depending on the condition.Powdering + Internal/externalSarsariGulam Hussain DeaderBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
419KashmirNutraceticalEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportThe leaves are used in food preparations for health-promoting effects.Culinary / Medicinal useTrobodoJavaid Ahmad DeaderBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
420KashmirNutraceticalEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportThe leaves are included in recipes for culinary and medicinal applications.Culinary / Medicinal useChunchiBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
421KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach soreGastric ulcer/sorenessThe fresh leaves are chewed directly for oral or throat-related conditions.ChewingBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
422KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for children's coughPediatric coughThe leaves and fruit are chewed together to relieve sore throat or stimulate appetite.ChewingSunnuLaaldin DeaderBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
423KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for joint painJoint painThe root is crushed into a paste, powdered, and mixed with oil for external application.Paste / TopicalSunnuLaaldin DeaderBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
424KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportLeaves are cooked and consumed as part of a traditional preparation.CookingLalorieMohd Shareef DeaderBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
425KashmirHuman HealthTraditional herb for hair growthHair lossThe root is dried, powdered, and mixed with oil for oral or topical use.Internal or topical useMalineAb Kareem PodeBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
426KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach painStomach painThe leaves are boiled to prepare a decoction for managing fever or digestion issues.Decoction (oral)NaroMohd Shareef DeaderBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
427KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for back painBack painThe roots are powdered and mixed with sweets (e.g., halwa) to improve palatability for internal use.Powder + CulinaryMamekhPaeonia EmodiPaeonia Emodi🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Yaqoob, N. (2013). Paeonia emodi: An Ethnopharmacological and Phytochemical Review. Research & Reviews: Journal of Herbal Science, 2(1), 1-5.Mohd Shareef DeaderBandi Bala, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
428KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for back painBack painThe roots are mashed and used as a garlic substitute in cooking.Culinary substitutePrenakGh mohammad sheikhDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
429KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach cleaningDigestive cleansingThe leaves are boiled in water to prepare a decoction and consumed orally.Decoction (oral)TathwainArtimesia absenthium🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Benamar, K., Ibnsouda Koraichi, S., & Fikri-Benbrahim, K. (2023). Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Celtis australis: A review. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 12(1), 1-19.Mohammd maqbool mirDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
430KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Animal edible plantLivestock nutritionThe leaves are consumed raw or lightly cooked as part of regular meals.Raw / CulinaryMarche wangan gassepolygonum Hydropiper🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Chaudhary, S., Khan, G., & Singh, R. (2017). A review on ethnopharmacological and phytochemical profile of Polygonum hydropiper Linn. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 8(3), 963-971.Sajad ah sheikhDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
431KashmirNutraceticalTraditional use: Used for cookingCultural/culinaryThe leaves are boiled in water, then fried with spices and oil, and eaten as a therapeutic dish.Fried dishKral MundShepherd's purseCapsella bursapastoris🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)gulshana begumDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
432KashmirNutraceticalTraditional use: Cooked and dried for cleaningCleaning utilityThe plant is cooked as a vegetable to provide general nourishment and health support.CookingMazanSummer CypressBassia Scoparia🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Grabowska, K., Buzdygan, W., Galanty, A., & Podolak, I. (2023). Current knowledge on genus Bassia All.: a comprehensive review on traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, and nonmedical applications. Phytochemistry Reviews, 22(5), 1-50.Hameeda begumDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
433KashmirNutraceticalTraditional use: Cooked and dried for cleaningCleaning utilityWhen dried, the plant is cut, tied with rope, and used for household cleaning purposes.Household cleaning useMazanSummer CypressBassia Scoparia🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Grabowska, K., Buzdygan, W., Galanty, A., & Podolak, I. (2023). Current knowledge on genus Bassia All.: a comprehensive review on traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, and nonmedical applications. Phytochemistry Reviews, 22(5), 1-50.Dudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
434KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for lactating mothers to reduce joint painJoint pain, postpartum recoveryThe leaves are boiled in water three times, then cooked with chicken or egg before consumption.Cooking preparationHandDandelionTaraxacum officinale🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)
Clare, B. A., Conroy, R. S., & Spelman, K. (2009). The diuretic effect in human subjects of an extract of Taraxacum officinale folium over a single day. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 15(8), 929-934.Mhomad saleem sheikhDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
435KashmirNutraceticalEdible plant used as food for humans and animalsNutritional supportThe leaves are cooked like spinach (palak) and consumed for nutritional support.CookingDobri haakhRafeeqa begumDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
436KashmirHuman HealthHerbal practice to reduce fats and sugarObesity, diabetes managementThe roots are dried, mashed, and either given directly or mixed with water for internal administration.Powder / Oral usePatreesGreenish Himalayan MonkshoodAconitum heterophyllum🔵 Blue 🟢 GreenCritically Endangered (CR)ToxicHameeda begumDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
437KashmirNutraceticalTraditional use: Cooking ingredientCulinary useThe leaves and stems are generally cooked and consumed for nourishment.CookingNaramnurStellaria media.L Caryophyllaceae🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)
Singh, R., Chaudhary, M., & Chauhan, E. S. (2022). Stellaria media Linn.: A comprehensive review highlights the nutritional, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 11(3), 330-338. https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.38Misra begumDudbugh, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
438KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for toothache and stomach acheToothache, stomach acheThe plant is boiled in water to prepare a decoction for internal use.Decoction (oral)Pahel gasseCommon YarrowAchillea Millefolium🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)
Majid, M., Roshan, M., Andleeb, L., & Bhat, M. I. (2018). Achillea millefolium L.: A promising health aid in modern pharmacology. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science and Engineering, 7(Special Issue 4), 1-5.Zareena BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
439KashmirNutraceticalEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportThe leaves are used in traditional recipes for cooking and healing.Culinary / Medicinal useHandDandelionTaraxacum officinale🔵 Blue 🔴 RedLeast Concern (LC)
Türkmen, B. M., Teyin, G., Lokman, U., & Kocaman, E. M. (2023). Functional Effects of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Its Use in the Traditional Cuisines. Journal of Culinary Science & Technology, 22(20), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/15428052.2022.2163733Saida begumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
440KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to aid digestionIndigestionThe seeds are chewed directly to reduce fever or digestive discomfort.ChewingBaidyanSounfFoeniculum vulgare Mill🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)
Yakut, H. I., Koyuncu, E., Cakir, U., Tayman, C., Koyuncu, İ., Turkmenoglu, T. T., Cakir, E., Ozyazici, A., Aydogan, S., & Zenciroglu, A. (2020). Preventative and therapeutic effects of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed extracts against necrotizing enterocolitis. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 44(9), e13284.Hilal Ahmad BhatKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
441KashmirHumanEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportThe leaves are incorporated into recipes and consumed orally.CulinarySochalCommon MallowMalva neglecta L🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)
A Wandering Botanist. (2023, September 3). Plant Story -- Common Mallow, Malva neglecta, Edible Minor Weed.Zareena BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
442KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for swellingSwelling/inflammationThe water extract of the plant is used externally to wash affected skin areas.Washing / TopicalThol babulBabunaCotula anthemoids L🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)
Mahato, G., Mahato, R. K., & Hansda, B. (2024). Analysis of Phytoconstituents, Antioxidant and Anti-bacterial Properties of an Ethnobotanical Herb Cotula anthemoides L. Occurring in Purulia District of West Bengal, India. Pharmacognosy Research, 16(1), 51-58.Amina BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
443KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for anticoldCold/coughThe leaves are used in recipes for traditional dishes.CulinaryWast haakRedroot PigweedAmaranthus dubius🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Meema BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
444KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach ache, worms, and fat lossStomach ache, worms, obesityThe sap is extracted from the leaves and used in combination with other ingredients topically.Paste / TopicalTathwainArtemisia absinthium🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🔴 RedLeast Concern (LC)
Zeraati, F., Esna-Ashari, F., Araghchian, M., Emam, A. H., Rad, M. V., Seif, S., & Razaghi, K. (2014). Evaluation of topical antinociceptive effect of Artemisia absinthium extract in mice and possible mechanisms. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 8(19), 492-496.Haja BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
445KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to treat wormsIntestinal wormsThe sap is extracted and used as a spray for wound healing or skin treatment.Spray / TopicalGand SoiCatnipNepeta cataria L.🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Gomes, E. N., Yuan, B., Patel, H. K., Lockhart, A., Wyenandt, C. A., Wu, Q., & Simon, J. E. (2024). Implications of the Propagation Method for the Phytochemistry of Nepeta cataria L. throughout a Growing Season. Molecules, 29(9), 2001. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29092001Zareena BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
446KashmirInustrial useHerbal practice used as insecticidePest controlThe sap of leaves is sprayed directly on the affected area for medicinal benefit.Spice useDuni kulJuglans Regia🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Palabıyık, E., Uğuz, H., Aşkın, H., Aşkın, S., et al. (2024). Walnut Seed Coat (Juglans regia L.), a Plant Effective in Human Health: Antioxidant Activity and in Rats Nephroprotective Effect. Research in Agricultural Sciences, 55(2), 89-104. https://doi.org/10.17097/agricultureatauni.1418238Fayaz Ahmad WaniKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
447KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for anticoldCold/fluThe leaves and stems are dried and used as a spice in traditional cooking.ChewingFootnnemintMentha arvensis🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)
Saqib, S., Ullah, F., Naeem, M., Younas, M., Ayaz, A., Ali, S., & Zaman, W. (2022). Mentha: Nutritional and Health Attributes to Treat Various Ailments Including Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules, 27(19), 6728. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196728NajmaKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
448KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for belly painAbdominal painThe upper part of the plant is chewed directly for its medicinal properties.TopicalShal lutAsthmaweedConyza bonariensis🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)
Saleem, M., Naseer, F., Hussain, K., & Alamgeer. (2015). Cytotoxic effect of methanol extract of Conyza bonariensis on DMBA-induced skin carcinogenesis: An in vivo study. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 10(2), 297–302. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v10i2.23063Raja BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
449KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for allergiesAllergyThe leaf paste is applied directly to the affected skin area for healing.CulinaryAbijNepal DockRumex nepelensis🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Bizualem, E., Yohannes, T., & Gebrehiwot, S. (2023). Antimicrobial effects of Rumex nepalensis and Echinops sphaerocephalus crude extracts on selected pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 15(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMA2020.0429Zareena BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
450KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportThe leaves are included in recipes for traditional preparations.GargleGullebroadleaf plantainPlantago major L🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Samuelsen, A. B. (2000). The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L. A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 71(1-2), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00212-9Raja BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
451KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for toothache and frostbiteToothache, frostbiteThe seeds are used as a gargle solution, typically after boiling in water.Raw consumptionDater KulDatura stramonium🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)
toxicSona ullah bhatKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
452KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderCattle nutritionThe entire plant is consumed directly, believed to support overall vitality.Raw / Boiled tonicKhand gasseAb Rahman GanieKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
453KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderCattle nutritionThe plant is consumed raw or boiled as a general health tonic.TopicalBatak lutRed CloverTrifolium pratense🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Greveniotis, V., Bouloumpasi, E., Skendi, A., Korkovelos, A., Kantas, D., & Ipsilandis, C. G. (2025). Evaluation and Stability of Red and White Trifolium Species for Nutritional Quality in a Mediterranean Environment. Agriculture, 15(4), 391. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15040391Mukhti BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
454KashmirInsecticideHerbal practice used as insecticideInsecticideLeaves are used directly without processing and placed over affected areas.Dietary therapyDunnepanWalnut leavesJuglans Regia🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Dar, P. A., Rashid, N., Parwez, A., & Kalam, M. A. (2018). Ethnomedicinal practices of Kashmir Valley: A Review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(6), 278–284.Fayaz Ahmad WaniKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
455KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportThe leaves are incorporated into recipes for dietary therapy.Oral intakeWari handDandelionDandelion🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Meema BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
456KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy as blood purifierBlood detoxificationA decoction is prepared from the leaves and consumed orally for health benefits.CulinaryShahtarFumaria indica🔵 Blue 🟢 GreenNot Evaluated (NE)Ali, S., Bansal, S., & Mishra, R. P. (2020). Fumaria indica (L), a Famous Medicinal Herb of Tribal Regions of Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh: Broad Spectrum Antibacterial and Phytochemical Profilng Against Some Pathogenic Microorganisms. Pharmacognosy Journal, 12(3), 619–623. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2020.12.92Chishti, M. A., Ahmad, R., Riaz, T., Akram, M., Laila, U., Khalil, M. T., & Parmar, P. (2024). Review on Ethnobotanical, Pharmacological, and Conventional uses of Fumaria indica. International Archives of Integrated Medicine, 11(2), 26–32. https://iaimjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/iaim_11_2_26-32.pdfUmar mejeedKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
457KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportThe leaves are used in traditional recipes and consumed as food.CulinaryDrubbPolygonum aviculare L🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Dong, X., Fu, J., Yin, X., ... & Ni, J. (2014). Pharmacological and other Bioactivities of the Genus Polygonum - A Review. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(10), 1749–1759. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v13i10.27Saida begumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
458KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportThe leaves are cooked and consumed in food preparations.PowderingKral mundShepherd's purseCapsella bursapastoris🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Jana BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
459KashmirIndustrial ApplicabilityTraditional use: SpicesCulinary useThe leaves are crushed to form a powder used for internal or external therapeutic applications.Oil extraction / TopicalBrastiSaida begumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
460KashmirHuman HealthTraditional herb for hair growthHair lossOil is extracted from the plant and mixed with mustard oil before topical application.Raw / Cooked consumptionKuklipootCuscuta reflexa🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Mukhopadhyay, N., Kumar, A., & Suchitra, M. (2020). A comprehensive Review of the Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Therapeutic Benefits of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 10(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.26463/rjps.10_1_6Sumaya FayazKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
461KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderCattle nutritionThe whole plant is consumed raw or cooked as part of a traditional health routine.PowderingNaramnurStellaria media.L Caryophyllaceae🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)

Priyanka, R., & Lalit, S. (2013). Stellaria media (L.) Vill: A Review on its Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2(4), 163–167.https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2013/vol2issue4/PartC/17.1.pdfAb Aziz DarKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
462KashmirIndustrial ApplicabilityTraditional use: SpicesCulinary useFruits are crushed into powder and used internally or as a remedy ingredient.Oil extraction / CulinaryMarch wangan kulpolygonum Hydropiper🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)
Zareefa BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
463Kashmirindustrail aplicabilityTraditional use: Cooking oilCulinary useThe seeds are crushed to extract oil for culinary or medicinal use.Raw consumptionGuli afteabSun flowerHelianthus annuus🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)
Zareena BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
464KashmirNutritional/tonicTraditional use: FruitNutritional/tonicThe fruit is consumed directly as part of a traditional diet.Raw consumptionDachGrapesVitis repanda🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Masooda BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
465KashmirNutritional/tonicTraditional use: SaladDietary supplementThe fruit is eaten raw for nourishment or minor ailments.Utility / MiscellaneousLaerCucumberCucumis sativus🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Mukherjee PK, Nema NK, Maity N, Sarkar BK. Phytochemical and therapeutic potential of cucumber. Fitoterapia. 2013 Jan;84:227-36. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.10.003. Epub 2012 Oct 23. PMID: 23098877.Mymoona BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
466KashmirIndustrial ApplicabilityTraditional use: Natural brushOral hygieneThe branch is used traditionally, likely in utility or fuel roles (exact usage unspecified).CookingVerrWillowSalix alba var.🔴 Red, 🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Durrant, T. H., de Rigo, D., & Caudullo, G. (2016). Salix alba in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats. In J. San-Miguel-Ayanz, D. de Rigo, G. Caudullo, T. H. Durrant, & A. Mauri (Eds.), European Atlas of Forest Tree SpeciesAb Qayoom waniKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
467KashmirNutritional/tonicEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportThe fruit is prepared as a recipe and consumed orally.Flour preparationAlehBottle GourdLagenaria siceraria🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Saeed, M., Khan, M. S., Amir, K., Bi Bi, J., Asif, M., Madni, A., Kamboh, A. A., Manzoor, Z., Younas, U., & Chao, S. (2022). Lagenaria siceraria fruit: A review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and promising traditional uses. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 927361. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.927361Haleema BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
468KashmirCulinary preparationTraditional use: Bread makingCulinary preparationSeeds are ground into flour and used in bread making.Culinary benefitsGanharGreen amaranthAmaranthaceae🟤 BrownNot Applicable (N/A)Onur, M., & Sezgin, A. C. (2024). The Use of The Ancient Amaranth (Amaranthus) Grain in Traditional Turkish Cuisine. Turkish Journal of Agriculture Food Science and Technology, 12(12), 2557–2570. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v12i12.2557-2570.7057Manzoor Ahmed ganieKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
469KashmirNutritional supportEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportThe fruit is incorporated into recipes and consumed for health benefits.Raw / CookingWangunBrinjalSolanum melongena🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Solanke, S. B., & Tawar, M. G. (2019). Phytochemical Information and Pharmacological Activities of Eggplant (Solanum Melongena L.): A Comprehensive Review. EAS Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1(5), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.36349/EASJPP.2019.v01i05.001Rehana BanoKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
470KashmirHuman HealthTraditional use: SaladDietary supplementThe root is consumed directly or prepared into a dish for internal use.Raw consumptionMujjihTurnipBrassica rapa🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Fatima, A., Umbreen, S., Sadia, S., Waheed, M., Arshad, F., Malik, M. R., … Abd_Allah, E. F. (2024). Mitigation of salinity-induced adverse effects through exogenous application of gibberellic acid in turnip (Brassica rapa L.). Cogent Food & Agriculture, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2024.2392042NighatKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
471KashmirAnimal HealthCattle fodder to increase milkMilk production in cattleThe entire plant is eaten as a dietary supplement or traditional remedy.CulinaryDodejMilk Thistlelactuca serriola🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)
Adams County OSU Extension. (n.d.). Weed of The Week Prickly Lettuce (Lactuca serriola.). https://adams.osu.edu/sites/adams/files/imce/Ag_and_Natural_Resources/Week_of_the_week/Prickly%20Lettuce%20%201-10-22.pdfM ramzan parryKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
472KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportThe fruit is included in recipes and consumed orally.Cooking / CulinaryPathir allehMeema BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
473KashmirCulinary useTraditional use: Spice and recipeCulinary useThe root is cooked into a recipe and consumed as a tonic.Spice / RoastedGandehOnionAllium cepa🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)
Kumar, K. P. S., Bhowmik, D., Chiranjib, B., Biswajit, B., & Tiwari, P. (2010). Allium cepa: A traditional medicinal herb and its health benefits. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2(1), 283–291.Jana BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
474KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to control blood pressureHypertensionThe root is used as a spice or roasted for culinary or medicinal purposes.Powdering / Medicinal intakeRuhunGarlicAllium sativum🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)
Zareena BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
475KashmirCulinary useTraditional use: Making breadCulinary useThe seeds are crushed into a powder and consumed for therapeutic purposes.Culinary / Medicinal useKrayZareena BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
476KashmirNutraceticalTraditional use: PulsesProtein supplementThe seeds are included in recipes and taken as food or medicine.CookingRajmaKidney beansPhaseolus vulgaris L🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)NajmaKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
477KashmirNutraceticalEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportThe fruit is used in cooked recipes for its flavor and medicinal benefit.Paste / Digestive aidRuwanganTomatoSolanum lycopersicum🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Joung, H. R., Gang, G., & Go, G. (2023). Lycopene and Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review Reveals Promising Benefits in Blood Pressure, Lipid Profiles, and Oxidative Stress. Food Engineering Progress, 27(4), 271–277. https://doi.org/10.13050/foodengprog.2023.27.4.271MehboobaKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
478KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for diarrhoea in childrenChildhood diarrhoeaLeaves are applied directly to the stomach area for digestive discomfort.Direct topicalTulkulMulberryMulberry🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)
Singh, R., Bagchi, A., Semwal, A., Kaur, S., & Sharma, A. (2013). Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Morus alba Linn.: A review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 7(9), 461–469. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR012.1079Raja BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
479KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for skin allergySkin allergySap is directly applied to affected skin areas for topical relief.CulinaryAnjeerFigFicus carica🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Son, J.-H., Jin, H., You, H.-S., Shim, W.-H., Kim, J.-M., Kim, G.-W., Kim, H.-S., Ko, H.-C., Kim, M.-B., & Kim, B.-S. (2017). Five Cases of Phytophotodermatitis Caused by Fig Leaves and Relevant Literature Review. Annals of Dermatology, 29(1), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2017.29.1.86Dilshada BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
480KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportThe leaves are used in recipes and consumed as part of the diet.CulinaryLesseLove Lies BleedingAmaranthus caudatus🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)RehanaKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
481KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportThe beans are included in recipes and consumed for nutrition.boiledBagleBetle Beansbeetle beans🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Brough, S. H., Carpenter, K. J., & Nelson, A. I. (1986). Nutritional and Sensory Qualities of Phaseolus coccineus (Scarlet Runner) Beans. Journal of Food Science, 51(2), 481-483. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1986.tb11186.xSumayaKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
482KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy used as blood tonicAnaemia, blood weaknessThe fruit is consumed raw as part of a therapeutic diet.Raw consumptionAlchiWild cherryPrunus cerasus🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Saida begumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
483KashmirHuman HealthHerbal practice used as tonicGeneral weaknessThe seeds are eaten raw for their medicinal value.Raw ConsumptionKilmichViburnum Grandiflorum🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)
Alam, S., Shah, M., Khan, H., & Khan, H. (2012). Evaluation of Viburnum grandiflorum for its in-vitro pharmacological screening. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6(22), 1606–1609Liu, H., Zhang, H., Dang, M., Lin, Y., & Yan, H. (2021). Protective Effect of Viburnum grandiflorum against Ultraviolet-B Radiation-induced Cellular and Molecular Changes in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 17(73), 200–206.Meema BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
484KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for digestionIndigestionSeeds are directly consumed as traditional medicine.Raw ConsumptionBaid YaaniFennelFoeniculum vulgare🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)oreen, S., Tufail, T., Ul Ain, H. B., & Awuchi, C. G. (2023). Pharmacological, nutraceutical, functional and therapeutic properties of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). International Journal of Food Properties, 26(1), 915-927. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2023.2192436Hilal Ahmad BhatKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
485KashmirCulinary/nutritional useTraditional food: Chips and vegetableCulinary/nutritional useThe roots are fried or cooked as part of a recipe for ingestion.CookingAlviPotatoSolanum Tuberosum🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)
Jana BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
486KashmirCulinary/nutritional useTraditional food: Directly eatenNutritional supportSeeds are roasted and consumed for health benefits.RoastingMakei kulMaizeZea Mays🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Saida begumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
487KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderCattle nutritionThe whole plant is consumed raw or cooked for nutritional or medicinal use.Raw / CookingShail gasseAfroza BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
488KashmirHuman healthUse as tonicGeneral tonic useThe fruit is eaten raw to benefit digestion and general health.Raw ConsumptionGlasse kulCherryPrunus cerasus🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Connolly, D. A. J., McHugh, M. P., & Padilla-Zakour, O. I. (2006). Efficacy of a tart cherry juice blend in preventing the symptoms of muscle damage. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(8), 674–679.https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2005.025429MymoonaKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
489KashmirIndustrial ApplicabilityTraditional use: Making broomnot having medicinal useStem and leaves are used directly in culinary preparations.CulinaryMazin kulAmina BegumKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
490KashmirAnimal HealthAnimal fooderSuplimentClaimed to be piosinousDurhamwitchgrassPanicum Capillare🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)
Wu, H., Asaduzzaman, M., Shephard, A., & Ma, X. (2021). Seed Biology of Witchgrass (Panicum capillare L.) Ensures Its Success Under Different Environmental Conditions. Frontiers in Agronomy, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2021.657785M Ramzan parryKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
491KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Animal fodderLivestock nutritionConsumed raw for general wellness.Raw ConsumptionKikar pannM Ramzan parryKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
492KashmirHumanTraditional use: No known medicinal useNo therapeutic useKandi gasseM Ramzan parryKohlina, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
493KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for diarrhoeaDiarrhoeaCooked with added spices and consumed.Cooking with SpicesSochalCommon MallowMalva neglecta L🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernedKeyrouz, E., El Feghali, P. A. R., Jaafar, M., & Nawas, T. (2017). Malva neglecta: A natural inhibitor of bacterial growth and biofilm formation. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 11(24), 380-386. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2017.6422Mohammad Yousuf BhatBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
494KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for back painBack painGround into powder or used in traditional bread.Powder / FlourGanhargreen amaranthAmaranthus viridis🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownShazia BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
495KashmirHuman HealthTraditional use: Not usedNo therapeutic useAerial parts mixed with water and sprayed on vegetables as natural pest repellent.Spray / Pest ControlFakk gasseStinking ChamomileAnthemis cotula L.🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedQasem, J. R. (2016). Allelopathy of Stinking Mayweed (Anthemis cotula L.): The Phenomenon and Experimentation. Allelopathy Journal, 37(1), 19-30.Mohammad Ramzan HajamBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
496KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: For animal grazingAnimal grazingEaten raw.Raw ConsumptionDrubbPolygonum aviculare L🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernSaida BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
497KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for blood purification, worms, piles, and mental clarityBlood toxins, worms, piles, mental clarityPrepared as soup and consumed.Soup PreparationTathwainArtimesia absenthium🔵 Blue 🟢 GreenLeast ConcernBatiha, G. E. S., Al-Zuheir, E. M., Al-trad, B., Al-Thani, A. A., Al-Musaimi, O. A., & Wasef, L. G. (2020). Bioactive Compounds, Pharmacological Actions, and Pharmacokinetics of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium). Molecules, 25(12),2795. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122795Jeelani, S. M., Khan, F. A., Kumar, A., & Jan, R. A. (2017). The multidimensional therapeutic potential of Rumex nepalensis: A comprehensive review. Modern Phytomorphology, 11(1), 125-132. https://www.phytomorphology.com/articles/the-multidimensional-therapeutic-potential-of-rumex-nepalensis-a-comprehensive-review.pdfBissma Yousuf BhatBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
498KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for bone and joint healthBone and joint painCooked with added spices for consumption.Cooking with SpicesHandDandelionTaraxacum officinale🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernRaja BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
499KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for diabetesDiabetesCooked with added spices for consumption.Cooking with SpicesAbijNepal DockRumex nepelensis🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedJeelani, S. M., Khan, F. A., Kumar, A., & Jan, R. A. (2017). The multidimensional therapeutic potential of Rumex nepalensis: A comprehensive review. Modern Phytomorphology, 11(1), 125-132.https://www.phytomorphology.com/articles/the-multidimensional-therapeutic-potential-of-rumex-nepalensis-a-comprehensive-review.pdfRumaisa BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
500KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportCooked with added spices for consumption.Cooking with SpicesGullbroadleaf plantainPlantago major L🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernÇiçek, H., Kaya, H. S., Kılıç, M., & Kiser, A. (2024). Pharmacological and Biochemical activities of plantago major L. Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/215Gh Rasool HajamBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
501KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for indigestionIndigestionChewed directly for oral or digestive use.ChewingChukchinneOxalis corniculata🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedGh Mohammad GanieBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
502KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Grazing plant for animalsAnimal grazingConsumed raw or whole for nourishment.Raw ConsumptionBatakh lutTrifolium pratense🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 GreenLeast ConcernSaida BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
503KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Grazing plant for animalsAnimal grazingConsumed raw for health.Raw ConsumptionMuher MunjWild Carrotdaucus carota🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernAl-Snafi, A. E. (2017). Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Daucus carota: A review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, 7(1), 18-29.Pasha, M. Y., Nazir, U., Zahra, B., Khaliq, N., Naeem, H., Aslam, N., ... & Mushtaq, M. (2024). Synergistic effects of carrot (Daucus carota L.) root and papaya (Carica papaya L.) extracts in combating inflammation and enhancing immune functions—A new perspective. Food Science & Nutrition, 12(7), e70313.Sara BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
504KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for diarrhoea, belly pain, and spice useDiarrhoea, abdominal pain, digestionDried, crushed, and stored as powder.Dry / PowderingPudinaMintMentha arvensis🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernThawkar, B., Jawarkar, A. G., Kalamkar, P. V., Pawar, K., & Kale, M. K. (2016). Phytochemical and pharmacological review of Mentha arvensis. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 10(2), 71–76. https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v10i2.643Rumaisa BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
505KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportCooked and mixed with spices before consumption.Cooking with SpicesKral mundshepherd's purseCapsella bursapastoris🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedŁukaszyk, A., Kwiecień, I., & Szopa, A. (2024). Traditional Uses, Bioactive Compounds, and New Findings on Pharmacological, Nutritional, Cosmetic and Biotechnology Utility of Capsella bursa-pastoris. Nutrients, 16(24), 4390. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16244390Shakeela BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
506KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for toothacheToothacheChewed directly to relieve internal ailments.ChewingPahel gasseCommon YarrowAchillea Millefolium🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernAli, S., Gopalakrishnan, B., & Venkatesalu, V. (2017). Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Achillea millefolium L.: A Review. Phytotherapy Research, 31, 1140 - 1161. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5840.Hafeeza BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
507KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach painStomach painConsumed fresh as a dietary supplement.Raw ConsumptionDach raathGrapesVitis repanda🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedBisht, A., & Singh, S. P. (2024). A comprehensive review on the study of wines and their clinical effect on human health. Archives of Ecotoxicology, 6(2), 42-56.Kulsooma BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
508KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for skin allergySkin allergySap from stem is used directly for topical application.Direct TopicalDodejMilk Thistlelactuca serriola🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernVila, SÁnchez, Sanz, DIÉguez, MartÍnez, Palacios, & MartÍnez. (1998). Study of a case of hypersensitivity to lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 28(8), 1031-1035.Mohammad Ramzan HajamBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
509KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for toothache, worms, and pilesToothache, intestinal worms, pilesPeeled and chewed directly.Peeling / ChewingGund soiNepeta cataria L🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedSharma, A., Nayik, G. A., & Cannoo, D. S. (2019). Pharmacology and toxicology of Nepeta cataria (Catmint) species of genus Nepeta: A review. Plant and Human Health, Volume 3: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Uses, 285-299.Meema begumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
510KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for toothacheToothacheConsumed directly by chewing.Raw ChewingKech zandIndigofera heterantha🟤 BrownLeast ConcernRahman, T. U., Zeb, M. A., Liaqat, W., Sajid, M., Hussain, S., & Choudhary, M. I. (2018). Phytochemistry and pharmacology of genus Indigofera: A review. Records of Natural Products, 12(1), 1-13.Kamseena BanoBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
511KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for belly painAbdominal painChewed raw.Raw ChewingShal lutAsthmaweedConyza bonariensis🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedNo Scientific EvidenceBissma YousufBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
512KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach painStomach painChewed directly.Raw ChewingVayRumaisa BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
513KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for joint painJoint painUsed in herbal bathing practices.Bathing / DecoctionThol babulBabunaCotula anthemoids L🟤 BrownLeast ConcernRefaey, M., Abouelela, M., El-Shoura, E., Alkhalidi, H., Fadil, S., Elhady, S., & Abdelhameed, R. (2022). In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cotula anthemoides Essential Oil and In Silico Molecular Docking of Its Bioactives. Molecules, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061994.Gulaba AkhterBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
514KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for toothacheToothacheSeeds are applied directly to skin.TopicalDaturThorn appleDatura stramonium🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedSharma, M., Dhaliwal, I., Rana, K., Delta, A., & Kaushik, P. (2021). Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Datura Species—A Review. Antioxidants, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081291.Jameela BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
515KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportBoiled and then cooked before eating.Boiling + CookingRazmaKidney beansPhaseolus vulgaris L🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernCelmeli, T., Sari, H., Canci, H., Sari, D., Adak, A., Eker, T., & Toker, C. (2018). The Nutritional Content of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Landraces in Comparison to Modern Varieties. Agronomy. https://doi.org/10.3390/AGRONOMY8090166.Shakeela BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
516KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportCooked and included in salad preparations.Salad / CookingAl KulGuardLagenaria siceraria🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedSaeed, M., Khan, M., Amir, K., Bi, J., Asif, M., Madni, A., Kamboh, A., Manzoor, Z., Younas, U., & Chao, S. (2022). Lagenaria siceraria fruit: A review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and promising traditional uses. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.927361.Rumaisa BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
517KashmirHumanTraditional use: used as flourCulinary useGround into flour for culinary uses.Flour MakingMakai kulMaizZea Maize🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedEuan-Pech, E., Chel-Guerrero, L., Rodríguez-Canto, W., Gallegos-Tintoré, S., & Betancur-Ancona, D. (2024). Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and maize (Zea mays L.) flour mixtures for the development of healthy snacks. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2024.100985.Rumaisa BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
518KashmirHumanTraditional use: Used as saladNutritional useConsumed raw in salad.SaladLar KulCucumberCucumis sativus🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedJavid, H., Fatima, U., Rukhsar, A., Hussain, S., Bibi, S., Bodlah, M., Shahzad, H., Dilshad, M., Waqas, M., & Sharif, A. (2024). Phytochemical, Nutritional and Medicinal Profile of Cucumis sativus L. (Cucumber). Food Science and Engineering. https://doi.org/10.37256/fse.5220244795.Haneefa AijazBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
519KashmirHumanEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportCooked and eaten.CookingAalwePotatoSolanum Tuberosum🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedSabuncu, M., Altıner, D., & Şahan, Y. (2025). In vitro biological activity and nutritional evaluation of purple potato (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Vitelotte). BMC Chemistry, 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01484-4.Raja BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
520KashmirHumanEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportCooked before consumption.CookingRaath wangunTomatoSolanum lycopersicum🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedPerveen, R., Suleria, H., Anjum, F., Butt, M., Pasha, I., & Ahmad, S. (2015). Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Carotenoids and Lycopenes Chemistry; Metabolism, Absorption, Nutrition, and Allied Health Claims—A Comprehensive Review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 55, 919 - 929. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2012.657809.Nafeesa bhatBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
521KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for constipationConstipationDried and used as spice.Dry / Spice UseBaidanFennelFoeniculum Vulgare🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedHamidpour, R., & Rashan, L. (2017). A Novel Natural Remedy for Mild and Chronic Constipation. Translational biomedicine, 8. https://doi.org/10.21767/2172-0479.100124.Ali, R., Irfan, M., Akram, U., Vaince, M., Hassan, K., Maqsood, A., Aslam, A., Amaan, N., Qamar, A., & Memon, S. (2021). Efficacy of Natural Formulation Containing Activated Charcoal, Calcium Sennosides, Peppermint Oil, Fennel Oil, Rhubarb Extract, and Purified Sulfur (Nucarb®) in Relieving Constipation. Cureus, 13. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.18419.Sheeraza BanoBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
522KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for skin allergySkin allergyApplied to affected area for topical relief.TopicalAnjeerFigFicus carica🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernAbe, T. (2020). Fig (Ficus carica L.) leaf tea suppresses allergy by acceleration disassembly of IgE-receptor complexes. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 84, 1013 - 1022. https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2020.1722608.Haneefa AijazBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
523KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for constipationConstipationCooked and used internally.Cooking / Internal UseMuj paterTurnipBrassica rapa🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedLiu, W., Liu, Z., Fan, X., Li, D., Zhao, T., Niu, Y., Baima, Y., Wen, D., Li, B., & Huang, X. (2024). Brassica rapa L. polysaccharide mitigates hypobaric hypoxia-induced oxidation and intestinal damage via microbiome modulation. NPJ Science of Food, 8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-024-00365-9.Gh Mohidin HajamBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
524KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Animal fodderLivestock nutritionConsumed raw.Raw ConsumptionBandtilMasooda BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
525KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportCooked and eaten.CookingNaramnurStellaria media.L Caryophyllaceae🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernSingh, R., Chaudhary, M., & Chauhan, E. (2022). Stellaria media Linn.: A comprehensive review highlights the nutritional, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.38.Zooni BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
526KashmirNautral pestcideTraditional use: Plant as rat repellentPest controlCultivated in the field for use.AgriculturalMazaar mundiris kashmiriana🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedNo Scientific EvidenceHilal AhmedBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
527KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionConsumed raw.Raw ConsumptionHaame gasseMohammad RamzanBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
528KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionConsumed raw.Raw ConsumptionDudejMilk Thistlelactuca serriola🟤 BrownLeast ConcernNo Scientific EvidenceShareefa BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
529KashmirHumanTraditional use: Not usedNo therapeutic useUsed for aromatic purposes.Aromatic UseYenneHorse MintMentha longifolia🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernShahar, B., & Chongtham, N. (2023). Traditional uses and advances in recent research on wild aromatic plant Mentha longifolia and its pharmacological importance. Phytochemistry Reviews, 23, 529-550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-023-09896-7.Shareefa BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
530KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy used as blood tonicAnaemia / blood weaknessConsumed raw.Raw ConsumptionChanchthornless blackberryRubus ulmifolius🟤 BrownNear ThreatenedSchulz, M., Seraglio, S., Della Betta, F., Nehring, P., Valese, A., Daguer, H., Gonzaga, L., Costa, A., & Fett, R. (2019). Blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott): Chemical composition, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in two edible stages.. Food research international, 122, 627-634 . https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODRES.2019.01.034.Fatima JameelBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
531KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetable and spiceNutritional and digestive useDried for preservation.Drying / PreservationMathiFenugreekTrigonella foenum🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedSrinivasan, K. (2006). Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): A Review of Health Beneficial Physiological Effects. Food Reviews International, 22, 203 - 224. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559120600586315.Dhull, S., Chandak, A., Bamal, P., Malik, A., & Kidwai, M. (2021). Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): Nutritional, Health Properties and Food Uses. Fenugreek. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1197-1_10.Raja BeumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
532KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportCooked for consumption.CookingWast hakhRedroot PigweedAmaranthus dubius🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedParedes, R., Monar, L., & Cañarte, P. (2023). Pharmacological study and nutritional value of Amaranthus dubius Mart. leaves (Bledo). Health Leadership and Quality of Life. https://doi.org/10.56294/hl2023228.Ruth, O., Unathi, K., Nomali, N., & Chinsamy, M. (2021). Underutilization Versus Nutritional-Nutraceutical Potential of the Amaranthus Food Plant: A Mini-Review. Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11156879.Naseema banoBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
533KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportCooked and consumed.CookingBaagle kulBeetle beansBeetle beans🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedChiu, S. (1939). Nutritional Studies of the Confused Flour Beetle (Tribolium Confusum Duval) and the Bean Weevil [Acanthoscelides Obtectus (Say)]. Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 32, 164-170. https://doi.org/10.1093/AESA/32.1.164.Kogan, M. (1971). Feeding and Nutrition of Insects Associated with Soybeans: 1. Growth and Development of the Mexican Bean Beetle, Epilachna varivestis, on Artificial Media. Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 64, 1044-1050. https://doi.org/10.1093/AESA/64.5.1044.Kulsooma BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
534KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for coughCoughRoasted or cooked before eating.Roasting / CookingBamchunthquince appleCydonia oblonga🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast Concern, T., Hussain, M., Muhammad, G., Raza, M., Ashraf, A., Haseeb, M., Mushtaq, M., & Shafiq, Z. (2024). A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, pharmacology, preclinical, and clinical trials of Cydonia oblonga. Phytochemistry Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-024-09946-8.Fata BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
535KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportCooked and eaten.CookingNunnerPurslanePortulaca oleracea🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernNemzer, B., Al-Taher, F., & Abshiru, N. (2020). Phytochemical composition and nutritional value of different plant parts in two cultivated and wild purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) genotypes.. Food chemistry, 320, 126621 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126621.Mitroi, C. (2025). Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) - nutritional value and food uses. Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies. https://doi.org/10.59463/japt.2024.2.34.Raja BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
536KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportCooked and eaten.CookingChogunder HakhBeet RootBeta vulgaris🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernMzoughi, Z., Chahdoura, H., Chakroun, Y., Cámara, M., Fernández-Ruíz, V., Morales, P., Mosbah, H., Flamini, G., Snoussi, M., & Majdoub, H. (2019). Wild edible Swiss chard leaves (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla): Nutritional, phytochemical composition and biological activities.. Food research international, 119, 612-621 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.039.Ninfali, P., & Angelino, D. (2013). Nutritional and functional potential of Beta vulgaris cicla and rubra.. Fitoterapia, 89, 188-99 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2013.06.004.Tahira BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
537KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to control blood pressureHypertensionRoasted and eaten.RoastingRuhunLessonAllium sativum🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedAli, A., Kouvari, M., Riaz, S., Naumovski, N., Liao, L., Khan, A., Khalid, W., Zeng, X., & Manzoor, M. (2023). Potential of Allium sativum in blood pressure control involves signaling pathways: A narrative review. Food Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.289.Rumaisa BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
538KashmirHuman HealthTraditional use: Used as spiceCulinary/digestive useGround for culinary or medicinal use.PowderingDanwalCorianderCoriandrum sativum L🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedPóvoa, O., Farinha, N., Lopes, V., Machado, A., & Figueiredo, A. (2024). Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) from Alentejo (South Portugal)—Ethnobotany and Potential Industrial Use. Foods, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13060929.Nazima BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
539KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for joint painJoint painGround and used for oil extraction.Oil ExtractionGuliaftabSun flowerHelianthus annuus🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernSuralkar, A. (2015). ANTI-ARTHRITIC POTENTIAL OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 8, 53-57.Shakeela BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
540KashmirHumanHerbal remedy for diabetesDiabetesChewed after washing.ChewingFaram GogudBissma YousufBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
541KashmirHumanHerbal remedy used as tonicGeneral weaknessEaten fresh.Fresh EatingTulkulMulberryMulberry🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernShi, Y. C., Fu, Q., Wang, S. D., Chen, Z. J., Wang, S. Y., Luo, W. X., ... & Xiao, Y. H. (2021). Clinical experience of treating diabetes and its complications with mulberry plants by Chinese medicine master Lv Ren-he. Journal of Hainan Medical University, 27(13).Adfar AhadBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
542KashmirHumanHerbal remedy for stomach ulcerGastric ulcerConsumed fresh or dried.Fresh / DriedKilmishViburnum Grandiflorum🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedNo Scientific EvidenceIshrat BanoBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
543KashmirHumanHerbal remedy for joint painJoint painBoiled in water and used for bathing.Decoction / BathingKalyouthPrunella vulgaris🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernKim, J., Lee, C., Hwang, S., Yun, S., Uprety, L., Oh, K., Singh, S., Yoo, J., Jeong, H., Yong, Y., Yeo, S., Park, E., & Jeong, S. (2022). Anti-Osteoarthritic Effects of Prunella Vulgaris and Gentiana Lutea In Vitro and In Vivo. Antioxidants, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010047.Gh Nabi NajarBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
544KashmirHumanHerbal treatment for diabetesDiabetesConsumed fresh or dried.Fresh / DriedKawdachBerberis lycium Royle🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernZaib, M., Sharif, A., Akhtar, B., Khan, H., Akhtar, M., Hassan, W., Razzaq, F., Nawaz, S., & Qaisar, N. (2020). Berberis lycium Royle. extracts attenuate inflammation and modulates hyperglycemia in alloxan induced diabetic rats.. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 33 4(Supplementary), 1805-1813 .Ahmed, M., Sharif, T., Zabta, M., & Akbar, A. (2009). Effect of Berberis lycium Royle on Lipid Profile in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rabbits. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 2009, 4.Bissma YousufBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
545KashmirHumanEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportCooked and consumed.CookingLissehRed AmaranthAmaranthus spinosus L.🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedSarker, U., & Oba, S. (2019). Nutraceuticals, antioxidant pigments, and phytochemicals in the leaves of Amaranthus spinosus and Amaranthus viridis weedy species. Scientific Reports, 9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50977-5.Sarker, U., Oba, S., Ullah, R., Bari, A., Ercişli, S., Škrovánková, S., Adámková, A., Zvonková, M., & Mlček, J. (2024). Nutritional and bioactive properties and antioxidant potential of Amaranthus tricolor, A. lividus, A viridis, and A. spinosus leafy vegetables. Heliyon, 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30453.Raja BegumBandi Payeen, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
546KashmirHumanEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportUsed in traditional cooking recipes.Traditional RecipeNunnerPurslanePortulaca oleracea L. Portulaceae🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernSrivastava, R., Srivastava, V., & Singh, A. (2021). Multipurpose Benefits of an Underexplored Species Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.): A Critical Review. Environmental Management, 72, 309 - 320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-021-01456-z.Lia, Y., Xiao, L., Yan, H., Wu, M., Hao, X., & Liu, H. (2023). Nutritional values, bioactive compounds and health benefits of purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.): a comprehensive review. Food Science and Human Wellness. https://doi.org/10.26599/fshw.2022.9250203.Sara begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
547KashmirHumanEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportUsed in culinary preparations.Culinary PreparationNaramnurStellaria media.L Caryophyllaceae🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernSingh, R., Chaudhary, M., & Chauhan, E. (2022). Stellaria media Linn.: A comprehensive review highlights the nutritional, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.38.Abdul salaam bhatKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
548KashmirHumanHerbal remedy for diabetes and fat lossDiabetes, obesityUsed directly for medicinal purposes.Direct Medicinal UseTathwainArtemisia absinthium🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernNeagu, E., Paun, G., Albu, C., Apreutesei, O., & Radu, G. (2023). In Vitro Assessment of the Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia vulgaris and Trigonella foenum-graecum Extracts Processed Using Membrane Technologies. Molecules, 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28207156.Hassan, M., Niazi, A., Khan, S., & Gul, F. (2018). Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Artemisia absinthium L., Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. and Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm. on type II diabetes hyperlipidemic patients. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 17, 233-239.Fatima begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
549KashmirHumanEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportIncluded in recipes for healing foods.Healing RecipesLisse hakhRed AmaranthAmaranthus spinosus L.🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernGanjare, A., & Raut, N. (2019). Nutritional and medicinal potential of Amaranthus spinosus. .Sarker, U., & Oba, S. (2019). Nutraceuticals, antioxidant pigments, and phytochemicals in the leaves of Amaranthus spinosus and Amaranthus viridis weedy species. Scientific Reports, 9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50977-5.Rafiqa begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
550KashmirHumanEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportUsed in cooking recipes.CookingKral mundshepherd's purseCapsella bursa-pastoris🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedRiaz, I., Bibi, Y., Ahmad, N., Nisa, S., & Qayyum, A. (2021). Evaluation of nutritional, phytochemical, antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of Capsella bursa-pastoris, a wild vegetable from potohar region of Pakistan. Kuwait Journal of Science. https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.v48i3.9562.Aamina begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
551KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionUsed as fodder for animals.Animal FeedDurhaamwitchgrassPanicum Capillare⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedMajeed, M., Bhatti, K. H., Amjad, M. S., Abbasi, A. M., Bussmann, R. W., Nawaz, F., ... & Ahmad, K. S. (2020). Ethno-veterinary uses of Poaceae in Punjab, Pakistan. PloS one, 15(11), e0241705.Tyagi, V. C., Vijayakumar, S., Bagavathiannan, M., Govindasamy, P., & Chander, S. (2025). Harnessing johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense): Turning a weed into a resource. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 57(1), 16-26.Mushtaq AhmadKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
552KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for diarrhoeaDiarrhoeaUsed to treat children's loose motion.Pediatric TreatmentGand soiCatnipNepeta cataria L.🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedSharma, A., Nayik, G. A., & Cannoo, D. S. (2019). Pharmacology and toxicology of Nepeta cataria (Catmint) species of genus Nepeta: A review. Plant and Human Health, Volume 3: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Uses, 285-299.Sara begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
553KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportIncluded in cooked meals.CookingSarf daidAbdul salaamKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
554KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for leg painLeg painApplied for leg pain.TopicalFakk gasseStinking ChamomileAnthemis cotula🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedSchulz, V., Hänsel, R., Blumenthal, M., & Tyler, V. E. (2004). Skin, Trauma, Rheumatism, and Pain. In Rational Phytotherapy: A Reference Guide for Physicians and Pharmacists (pp. 333-368). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.Irshad AhmadKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
555KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportUsed in traditional recipes.CookingSochalCommon MallowMalva sylvestris🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernOzturk, H., Nas, H., Ekinci, M., Turan, M., Ercişli, S., Narmanlioğlu, H., Yıldırım, E., Assouguem, A., Almeer, R., Sayed, A., & Peluso, I. (2022). Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Composition, and Hormone Content of Wild Edible Vegetables. Horticulturae. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8050427.Fatima begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
556KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionUsed as animal feed.Animal FeedKhand gasseBakhti begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
557KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionUsed as animal feed.Animal FeedYagermanj gasseGh Mohd. ChopanKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
558KashmirHumanEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportIncluded in food recipes.CookingHandDandelionTaraxacum officinale🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernGuarrera, P., & Savo, V. (2016). Wild food plants used in traditional vegetable mixtures in Italy.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 185, 202-34 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.050.Adnan, A., Navia, Z., Jamil, M., & Suwardi, A. (2023). The diversity and traditional knowledge of wild edible vegetables in Aceh, Indonesia. Ethnobotany Research and Applications. https://doi.org/10.32859/era.26.49.1-16.Zoona BegumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
559KashmirAnimalEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionUsed for animal feeding.Animal NutritionMarche wangan gassepolygonum Hydropiper🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)
Kazancı, C., Oruç, S., & Mosulishvili, M. (2021). Ethnoveterinary and fodder plants used among transhumant communities around Georgia-Turkey border, in the Western Lesser Caucasus. Ethnobotany Research and Applications. https://doi.org/10.32859/ERA.21.28.1-26.Mohd.AkbarKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
560KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for toothache and burn scarsToothache, burn scarsRoots chewed for tooth pain; leaves for burn scars.Topical / ChewingFagir gasseNaseem begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
561KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionUsed as fodder.Animal FeedPinhachSara begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
562KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportUsed in culinary recipes.CulinaryGulaal HakhAb salaam bhatKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
563KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportCooked and eaten.CookingAbijNepal DockRumex acetosa🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Ceccanti, C., Landi, M., Incrocci, L., Pardossi, A., & Guidi, L. (2020). Suitability of Hydroponically-Grown Rumex acetosa L. as Fresh-Cut Produce. Horticulturae, 6, 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6010004.Tara begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
564KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportCooked in traditional dishes.Traditional DishesDrubbPolygonum aviculare L🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Yu, Y., Liu, G., Piao, M., Lang, M., Wang, Y., Jin, M., Li, G., & Zheng, M. (2022). Chemical constituents of Polygonum aviculare L. and their chemotaxonomic significance. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2022.104529.Tahira begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
565KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportUsed in medicinal recipes.Medicinal RecipeKunneKashmir ElderSambucus Wightiana⚫ BlackNot Evaluated (NE)Liu, D., He, X., Li, H., Feng, Y., Zou, L., & Gan, R. (2022). Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.): Bioactive Compounds, Health Functions, and Applications.. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00010.Sara begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
566KashmirHumanEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportCooked and used.CookingAlvi hakhAabida salaamKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
567KashmirHumanTraditional use: SpiceCulinary/digestive useUsed as spice in food.Spice UseBaidanfennelFoeniculum Vulgare🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Rather, M., Dar, B., Sofi, S., Bhat, B., & Qurishi, M. (2016). Foeniculum vulgare: A comprehensive review of its traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ARABJC.2012.04.011.Saja begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
568KashmirHuman HealthTraditional use: SpiceCulinary/digestive useUsed in cooking as a spice.Culinary SpiceFootnneMintMentha arvensis🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)(2021). BIOACTIVE POTENTIAL OF CULTIVATED MENTHA ARVENSIS L. FOR PRESERVATION AND PRODUCTION OF HEALTH-ORIENTED FOOD. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences. https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2022.3.0484.Mohd. Shaban chopanKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
569KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for tooth painToothacheRoots are chewed for tooth pain relief.ChewingPahel gasseCommon YarrowAchillea Millefolium🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Ali, S., Gopalakrishnan, B., & Venkatesalu, V. (2017). Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Achillea millefolium L.: A Review. Phytotherapy Research, 31, 1140 - 1161. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5840.Ab. AhadKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
570KashmirHumanEdible vegetable for winterSeasonal nutritionUsed in recipes.CulinaryDaidbird's-nest fernsAsplenium sp⚫ BlackNot Evaluated (NE)Xiangyu, H. (2012). Nutritional Evaluation of Asplenium nidus L.Leaves from Hainan Island. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops.Raja begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
571KashmirHumanEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportIncluded in cooking.CulinaryPinketchMohd. ShabanKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
572KashmirHumanHerbal remedy for pimplesPimples/acneApplied for pimples.TopicalKakudaidSara begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
573KashmirHumanEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportIncluded in recipes.CulinaryKrechJana begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
574KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportIncluded in cooking.CookingLisseRed AmaranthAmaranthus spinosus L.🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownSarker, U., Oba, S., Ullah, R., Bari, A., Ercişli, S., Škrovánková, S., Adámková, A., Zvonková, M., & Mlček, J. (2024). Nutritional and bioactive properties and antioxidant potential of Amaranthus tricolor, A. lividus, A viridis, and A. spinosus leafy vegetables. Heliyon, 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30453.Saja begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
575KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionUsed as animal feed.Animal FeedSarfi yanger munjAb. RasheedKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
576KashmirHumanHerbal remedy for pimplesPimples/acneUsed for treating pimples.TopicalKalyouthPrunella valgaris🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownBai, Y., Xia, B., Xie, W., Zhou, Y., Xie, J., Li, H., Liao, D., Lin, L., & Li, C. (2016). Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the genus Prunella.. Food chemistry, 204, 483-96 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.047.Shamali begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
577KashmirHumanTraditional use: Used in popcorn preparationCulinary useUsed in making popcorn.RoastingGanharGreen amaranthAmaranthaceae🟤 BrownSharma, A., Dwivedi, S., Devi, J., Gupta, N., Rai, N., Behera, T., & Sagar, V. (2025). Botany, ethnomedicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Amaranthus spp.- a review. South African Journal of Botany. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2025.01.030.Mohd AshrafKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
578KashmirIndustrial ApplicabilityTraditional craft: Used in kangri makingCraft utilityUsed in traditional Kangri-making.Craft / TraditionalPachkaniMohd ShabanKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
579KashmirAnimla HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionUsed as animal feed.Animal FeedKhaseelIrshad AhmadKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
580KashmirAnimal healthEthnoveterinary use: Promotes animal growthGrowth promotion in livestockConsidered essential for animal growth.Animal NutritionMishzabhGh. Mohd. ChopanKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
581KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionHighly valuable grass for animal nutrition.Animal FeedGandam gundSalaam begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
582KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportIncluded in traditional dishes.Traditional DishesWast hakhRedroot PigweedAmaranthus dubius🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedOgie-Odia, E., Mensah, J., Ehilen, O., & Eseigbe, D. (2022). Nutrient, Mineral and Phytochemical Properties of Selected Underutilized Amaranthus Vegetable Species in Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.4314/njb.v38i1.1s.Rehana begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
583KashmirHumanHerbal remedy for diabetesDiabetesUsed in food preparation.Food PreparationGul hakhBroadleaf plantainPlantago lanceolata🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernKadı, A., Öner, S., Yuca, H., Arslan, M., Atila, A., Incekara, Ü., & Karakaya, S. (2025). Integrative Study of Plantago lanceolata L.: Phytochemical Properties and Therapeutic Effects on Cancer, Diabetes, and Alzheimer's Disease.. Natural product research, 1-11 . https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2025.2469311.Fatima begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
584KashmirAnimalEthnoveterinary use: Promotes animal growthGrowth promotion in livestockFed to animals.Animal FeedCharre sabanScarlet PimpernelAnagallis arvensis⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedNot DocumentedSaja begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
585KashmirAnimal UseEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionUsed as animal grass.Animal FeedBatguleMohd shabanKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
586KashmirAnimal useEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionUsed as animal fodder.Animal FeedCheergasseGh. RasoolKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
587KashmirHumanEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportCooked and consumed.CookingChogander hakhBeet RootBeta vulgaris🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernNinfali, P., & Angelino, D. (2013). Nutritional and functional potential of Beta vulgaris cicla and rubra.. Fitoterapia, 89, 188-99 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2013.06.004.Gh mohd bhatKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
588KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for inflammation (anti-inflammatory)InflammationPostpartum bath for women.Decoction / BathingThol babulBabonaCotula anthemoids L🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedRefaey, M., Abouelela, M., El-Shoura, E., Alkhalidi, H., Fadil, S., Elhady, S., & Abdelhameed, R. (2022). In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cotula anthemoides Essential Oil and In Silico Molecular Docking of Its Bioactives. Molecules, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061994.Saja begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
589KashmirAnimalEdible plant used as fooderLivestock nutritionUsed as animal feed.Animal FeedKaachgasseSara begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
590KashmirHumanHerbal remedy for joint painJoint painConsidered vital for livestock health.Animal NutritionHalunAsparagus filicinus Buch🟤 BrownData DeficientAb. Salaam bhatKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
591KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionRegarded essential for animals.Animal NutritionBatak lutRed CloverTrifolium pratense🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernMushtaq AhmadKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
592KashmirAnimalEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionFed to cattle.Animal FeedYenneMentha longifolia🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernMolefe, N. I., Tsotetsi, A. M., Ashafa, A. O. T., & Thekisoe, O. M. M. (2012). In vitro anthelmintic effects of Artemisia afra and Mentha longifolia against parasitic gastro-intestinal nematodes of livestock. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 7(3), 170–175. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v7i3.11437Raja begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
593KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionFed to animals.Animal FeedShal lutConyza canadensis🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedCABI. (n.d.). Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane). In CABI Compendium. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.15251Ab. Qadoos bhatKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
594KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportUsed in cooking recipes.CulinaryHandhDandelionTaraxacum officinale🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernKania-Dobrowolska M, Baraniak J. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds Supporting the Therapy of Co-Existing Diseases in Metabolic Syndrome. Foods. 2022 Sep 15;11(18):2858. doi: 10.3390/foods11182858. PMID: 36140985; PMCID: PMC9498421.Fatima begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
595KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for tooth painToothacheUsed for tooth pain and hair fall.Multi-purpose (Topical + Oral)DaturThorn appleDatura stramonium🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedAcute poisoning due to ingestion of Datura stramonium – a case report. (2017). Romanian Journal of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 24(1), 73–76. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5555431/Taja begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
596KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for pimplesAcne / skin pimplesUsed for washing the face.Facial ApplicationKrediapannZoona behumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
597KashmirHumanTraditional use: FruitGeneral nutritionConsumed directly.Raw ConsumptionKawdachBerberis lycium Royle🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernAn Overview on Various Aspects of Plant Berberis Lycium Royale. (n.d.). American Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(1), 38–41. Retrieved from https://pubs.sciepub.com/ajps/6/1/4/index.htmlMohd. YousafKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
598KashmirHumanHerbal remedy for tooth painToothacheUsed for brushing teeth.Dental HygieneSoiNetleUrtica dioica L🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernIrshad AhmadKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
599KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionUsed as cattle fodder.Animal FeedKalcuchurSaleema begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
600KashmirHumanEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportUsed in food recipes.CulinaryAlli handhSara begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
601KashmirCraftTraditional craft material for making kangri and bucketsCraft utilityUsed to make Kashmiri Kangri and traditional buckets.CraftKaacheMohd Ramazan GanieKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
602KashmirHuman HealthTraditional use: Taken as raw fruitsGeneral nutritionEaten directly by humans.Raw ConsumptionAnjeerFigFicus carica🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernMohammad, H. K., & Alzweiri, M. (2022). Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Ficus carica latex: A systematic review. Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, 31(2), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.5246/jcps.2022.02.007Mushtaq AhmadKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
603KashmirHumanTraditional use: Wooden pen sourceCraft utilityUsed to make wooden writing pens.CraftNarkonSara begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
604KashmirPest controlTraditional use: Rat repellentPest controlBurned or placed near seeds to repel rats.Pest RepellentMazar mundIris kashmiriana⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedAb salaam bhatKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
605KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionFed to animals.Animal FeedSvch kulMushtaq AhmadKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
606KashmirHumanHerbal remedy for cold and pimplesCold and acneUsed in winter to treat pimples.TopicalCheer gasseRaja begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
607KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionUsed as animal fodder.Animal FeedDodejMilk Thistlelactuca serriola🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernFatima begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
608KashmirAnimalEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionFed to animals.Animal FeedMarch wangan gassepolygonum Hydropiper🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernRafeeqa begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
609KashmirHumanEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportUsed in food recipes.CulinaryCharri handhSara begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
610KashmirAnimalEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionUsed as animal feed.Animal FeedPoosh gasseAb salaam bhatKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
611KashmirAnimalEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionUsed as animal food.Animal FeedShail GasseMushtaq AhmadKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
612KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionUsed to cure general weakness.Culinary / NutritionalDurhaamWitchgrassPanicum Capillare⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedClements, D. R., Weise, S. F., & Swanton, C. J. (2004). The biology of Canadian weeds. 127. Panicum capillare L.Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 84(1), 115-132.Kachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
613KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportCooked and eaten.CookingMuhur mundWild Carrotdaucus carota🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernEl Gindy, A. E. A., Aboud, A. H., El-Sayed, M. A., Darwish, M., & Darwish, M. H. (2017). Evaluation of the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and beneficial health effects of Daucus carota L. seeds. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 7(01), 010-016.Taja begumKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
614KashmirCulinary useTraditional use: Culinary spiceCulinary useUsed in food as spice.Spice UseDainwalcorianderCoriandrum sativum L🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedAhmad, R., Iqbal, N., Ashraf, M., Khan, B. A., Muhammad, D., & Shahid, S. (2022). Chemical Composition of Fresh Leaves Headspace Aroma and Essential Oils of Four Coriander Cultivars. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 25(1),118-129.Irshad AhmadKachwa Muqam, BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
615KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy used to treat frostbiteFrostbiteBoiled and used as foot soak.Foot Soak / DecoctionThulbabilBabunaCotula anthemoids L🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedGanie, A. H., Khan, M. I., Hassan, S., Hassan, G., Shah, A. H., & Fazili, Y. (2013). An ethnobotanical study in Budgam district of Kashmir valley: An attempt to explore and document traditional knowledge of the area. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 4(1), 201-204.Mahrideen ktriBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
616KashmirHumanSeeds used for toothache treatmentToothacheGround into powder and used on cavities or tooth pain.Powder / TopicalDaturThorn appleDatura stramonium🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedAnsari, Z. A., Abbas, Z., Shah, T. U., Ashraf, M., Khan, B. A., & Muhammad, D. (2021). Phytochemistry, Pharmacology,and Toxicology of Datura Species—A Review. Antioxidants, 10(8), 1291. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081291mariam BegumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
617KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to clean stomachDigestive cleanseBoiled and consumed on empty stomach.Oral DecoctionTathwainArtimesia absenthium🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brownmariam BegumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
618KashmirHuman HealthTraditional use: Eaten as fruitGeneral healthRipe fruit eaten or made into jam.Jam or JuiceChanchthornless blackberryRubus ulmifolius🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedMehiou, A., Alla, C., Akissi, Z. L. E., Lucau-Danila, A., Bouanani, N., Legssyer, A., Jean-Louis, H., Sahpaz, S., & ZIYYAT, A. (2024). Rubus ulmifolius Schott: A comprehensive review of its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological effects. Journal of Berry Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/18785093241283261gulshan begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
619KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for weakness and cancerWeakness and cancer supportConsumed ripe.Raw ConsumptionAnjeerFigFicus carica🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownTanzeela aktherBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
620KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for injuriesInjury/wound careGround to paste and used on injury site.Paste / TopicalKalvlothcommon self-heal, heal-all, woundwortPrunella valgaris🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernPan J, Wang H, Chen Y. Prunella vulgarisL. - A Review of its Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Quality Control and Pharmacological Effects. Front Pharmacol. 2022 Jun 23;13:903171. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903171. PMID: 35814234; PMCID: PMC9261270.Tanzeela aktherBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
621KashmirHuman HealthTraditional use: Eaten as foodNutritional useMade into curry or used in tea.Tea / CurryCxeer KulCommon CockleburXanthium strumarium🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedParveen, Z., Mazhar, S., Siddique, S., Manzoor, A., & Ali, Z. (2017). Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil from Xanthium strumarium L. Leaves. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 79(2), 316–321. https://doi.org/10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000232freeda begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
622KashmirHuman HealthEdible vegetable for pregnant womenPostpartum nutritionFresh leaves are cooked.CookingWari HaandSpanishLentinus tigrinus⚫ BlackSuriya begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
623KashmirOrnamental pTraditional use: Used in parksOrnamental plantRoots dug out and propagated.PropagationDrub GhasesPolygonum aviculare L🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownShafeeqa begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
624KashmirAnimal HealthHerbal medications to taxicityToxicity in horsesConsumed by sipping.DrinkingBatak LyuntRed CloverTrifolium pratense🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownSuriya begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
625KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach painStomach painConsumed fresh.Raw ConsumptionwanwagunPodophyllum hexandrum🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownEndangeredAnmol, Aggarwal, G., Sharma, M., Singh, R., Shivani, & Sharma, U. (2023). Ethnopharmacologically important highly subsidized Indian medicinal plants: Systematic review on their traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, conservation status and future prospective. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 299, 117385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.117385Mohammad Shareef deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
626KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for cancerCancer supportCooked as edible vegetable.CulinaryTsochalCommon MallowMalva neglecta L🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernAkkol, E. K., Karpuz, B., Türkcanoğlu, G., Coşgunçelebi, F. G., Taştan, H., Aschner, M., Khatkar, A., & Sobarzo-Sánchez, E. (2022). The Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activity of Malva neglecta Wallr. in Surgically Induced Endometriosis Model in Rats. Molecules, 27(22), 7869. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227869Mohammad Shareef deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
627KashmirHuman HealthHerbal bath for postpartum healing and painPostpartum pain reliefBoiled in water for washing.Decoction / WashingKecx KulHimalayan IndigoIndigofera heterantha🟤 BrownLeast ConcernUddin, G., Rehman, T. U., Arfan, M., & Choudhary, M. I. (2011). In-vitro pharmacological investigations of aerial parts of Indigofera heterantha. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(24), 5750–5753.GH DIN KATARIBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
628KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Increases milk yield in cowsMilk production in cowsGiven raw to cows.Animal FeedDurhamwitchgrassPanicum Capillare⚫ BlackNo PaperGh uddin deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
629KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for gut healthDigestive healthUsed as decoction.DecoctionKunnKashmir ElderSambucus Wightiana⚫ BlackLeast ConcernWang, Q., Li, W., Yang, H., Wang, J., Liu, J., Zhu, Y., & Wei, R. (2022). Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the genus Sambucus L. (Viburnaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 289, 115102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115102Gh uddin deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
630KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportUsed in traditional food recipe.Traditional CookingDoon KulWalnutJuglans Regia🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownZaytoona begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
631KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for knee, joint pain, and weaknessJoint pain, weaknessBoiled and made into paste for topical use.Paste / TopicalHandDandelionTaraxacum officinale🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownMarbee BegumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
632KashmirTraditional use: Used to clean houseHousehold cleaningConsumed as green vegetables.CookingMishri GrassSweet CherryPrunus Avium🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernHussain, S., Javed, M., Abid, M. A., Khan, M. A., Syed, S. K., Faizan, M., & Feroz, F. (2021). Prunus Avium L.; Phytochemistry, Nutritional and Pharmacological Review. Advances in Life Sciences, 8(4), 307–314.Bali begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
633KashmirTraditional use: Consumed as foodNutritional supportBoiled and used in cooking.CookingGanhargreen amaranthAmaranthaceae🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedAchigan-Dako, E. G., Fanou, N., N’Danikou, S., Fassinou, F. V., & Vodouhè, S. R. (2010). Ethnobotanical survey of traditional leafy vegetables in Benin. Acta Horticulturae, 877, 305–312.Bali begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
634KashmirHuman HealthTraditional herb for hair growthHair lossGround into paste for topical application.Paste / TopicalKukli portCuscuta reflexaCuscuta reflexa🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Javid Ahmad deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
635KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to boost energyWeakness / energy deficiencyBoiled and made into paste and applied.Boiling + PasteMeethiFenugreekTrigunella Fuenum Graecum🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Abdul Aziz JinderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
636KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for throat cancerThroat cancerGround into powder and added to recipe.Powder / RecipePranOnionAllium cepa var. prolliferum🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Javid Ahmad deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
637KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportBoiled and used in recipes.CookingWast HakRedroot PigweedAmaranthus dubius🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedAchigan-Dako, E. G., Fanou, N., N’Danikou, S., Fassinou, F. V., & Vodouhè, S. R. (2010). Ethnobotanical survey of traditional leafy vegetables in Benin. Acta Horticulturae, 877, 305–312.Gh Nabi ShiekhBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
638KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for heart pain, fever, and pregnancy-related symptomsCardiac pain, fever, postpartum careMade into jam, pickle, or burned and eaten.Multi-purposeBamchoonthQuince appleCydonia oblonga🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernKhoubnasabjafari, M., & Jouyban, A. (2011). A review of phytochemistry and bioactivity of quince (Cydonia oblongaMill.). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(16), 3589–3597.Ghulam din deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
639KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for kidney and stone painKidney stonesBoiled in water and consumed.DecoctionMushk BalaSmooth CatmintNepeta laevigata⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedNo Scientific EvidenceGhulam din deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
640KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for cancer and cleaning compoundCancer support / utilityBoiled 10 minutes, mixed with milk, and eaten.Milk Mix / OralSongal TeaGH uddin DeaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
641KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for coughCoughPicked, ground into paste, and used.PasteMusloon RootsBistorta amplexicaulis🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedPourová, J., Dias, P., Pour, M., Fialová, B., Czigle, S., Nagy, M., Tóth, J., Balázs, V., Horváth, A., Csikós, E., Farkas, Á., Horváth, G., & Mladěnka, P. (2023). Proposed mechanisms of action of herbal drugs and their biologically active constituents in the treatment of coughs: an overview. PeerJ, 11. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16096.Pathani BegumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
642KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for back painBack painMade into pastePasteRatan JootMeadow GeraniumGeranium pretense L🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernNo Scientific Evidencemeraj din katariBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
643KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach and sugar painIndigestion and diabetesMade into paste, boiled in water, and consumed.Paste / OralPatreesGreenish Himalayan MonkshoodAconitum heterophyllum🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownEndangeredTalreja, S., & Tiwari, S. (2023). A comprehensive review of Aconitum heterophyllum. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences, 8(10), 195-201.Haleema BegumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
644KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for black coughWhooping coughGround into small pieces for use.Dry / Powder UseBanhotaJalal Din SheikhBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
645KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for diabetic painDiabetic neuropathyPicked and boiled in water, then used with rice.Boiling + Rice UseKhori Jodi RootLal din deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
646KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach pain and headacheStomach ache and headachePowdered and mixed with warm oil, applied externally.Powder + OilChoroAngelica glauca🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownEndangeredSarker, S. D., & Nahar, L. (2004). Natural medicine: the genus Angelica. Current medicinal chemistry, 11(11), 1479-1500.Fareeda BegumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
647KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for children's tooth painPediatric toothacheBoiled and used for washing.Washing / DecoctionZeher Ka PhoolNazera begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
648KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for pneumonia and coldPneumonia, coldBoiled in water and consumed.DecoctionLandiCynoglossum lanceolatum🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedNo Scientific Evidencematwali deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
649KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach and general body painStomach & body painBoiled, made into paste, and added to food.CookingBhodi aye JaddiNo Scientific Evidencerashma BegumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
650KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to boost energy and relieve body painFatigue & body acheMade into paste and used in cooking vegetables.CookingKhafal sodutohameeda begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
651KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for joint and back painJoint & back painGround to powder, boiled with rice and ghee, then eaten.Traditional CookingMameekPaeonia EmodiPaeonia Emodi🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernZahra, N., Iqbal, J., Arif, M., Abbasi, B. A., Sher, H., Nawaz, A. F., ... & Calina, D. (2023). A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle: current landscape and future perspectives. Chinese medicine, 18(1), 23.Haneefa BegumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
652KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for bee sting woundsBee sting / insect biteRubbed on affected skin to relieve itching and inflammation.TopicalUbajNepal DockRumex nepelensis🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedShaikh, S., Shriram, V., Srivastav, A., Barve, P., & Kumar, V. (2018). A critical review on Nepal Dock (Rumex nepalensis): A tropical herb with immense medicinal importance. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 11(7), 405-414.Sharma, G., Poudel, P., Thapa, R., Lamichhane, S., Paudel, H. R., Devkota, H. P., ... & Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y. (2021). Rumex nepalensis Spreng. Rumex hastatus D. Don Rumex longifolius DC. Polygonaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Himalayas (pp. 1-19). Cham: Springer International Publishing.Mymoona begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
653KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for woundsWoundsGround and made into paste for external use.Paste / TopicalPamb HakIndian RhubarbRheum webbiana🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedThakur, M. (2024). Rhubarb (Rheum sp.): A Rare and Endangered Medicinal Plant of the Himalayas. In Advances in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (pp. vol2-241). Apple Academic Press.Tabin, S., Gupta, R. C., Kamili, A. N., & Parray, J. A. (2022). Medical and medicinal importance of Rheum spp. collected from different altitudes of the Kashmir Himalayan range. Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports, 2(3), 187-201.Nazira begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
654KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach pain and indigestionIndigestion & stomach painAdded to boiling water and consumed as herbal tea.Decoction / Herbal Teateth wanArtemisia absinthium🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedBoeing, T., de Souza, J., da Silva, R. D. C. V., Mariano, L. N. B., da Silva, L. M., Gerhardt, G. M., ... & de Souza, P. (2023). Gastroprotective effect of Artemisia absinthium L.: A medicinal plant used in the treatment of digestive disorders. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 312, 116488.Szopa, A., Pajor, J., Klin, P., Rzepiela, A., Elansary, H. O., Al-Mana, F. A., ... & Ekiert, H. (2020). Artemisia absinthium L.—Importance in the history of medicine, the latest advances in phytochemistry and therapeutical, cosmetological and culinary uses. Plants, 9(9), 1063.Jlal Uddin ShiekhBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
655KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for fever and coldFever & coldConsumed raw.Raw ConsumptionChestnut treeCastanea🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownVaries by species (CR/LC)Rutter, P. A., Miller, G., & Payne, J. A. (1991). Chestnuts (Castanea). Genetic Resources of Temperate Fruit and Nut Crops 290, 761-790.AB KREEM PODEBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
656KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for cancerCancer supportGround and soaked overnight in water before drinking.Overnight SoakingHazel nut treeCorylus avellana🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernÇebi, A., Tepe, Y., Alioglu, İ., & Ari, F. (2024). Inducing effect of corylus avellana on cytotoxic activity in lung and breast cancer cells via apoptosis. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 79(3), 648-655.Gallego, A., Malik, S., Yousefzadi, M., Makhzoum, A., Tremouillaux-Guiller, J., & Bonfill, M. (2017). Taxol from Corylus avellana: paving the way for a new source of this anti-cancer drug. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 129(1), 1-16.Mohammad shreef choanBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
657KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for woundsWoundsGround into paste for medicinal use.Paste / Medicinal UseSoiNittle lipurtica dioica🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernBabaei, E., Asghari, M. H., Mehdikhani, F., Moloudizargari, M., Ghobadi, E., & Pouya, S. R. H. (2017). The healing effects of herbal preparations from Sambucus ebulus and Urtica dioica in full-thickness wound models. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 7(5), 421-427.Kasouni, A. I., Chatzimitakos, T. G., Stalikas, C. D., Trangas, T., Papoudou-Bai, A., & Troganis, A. N. (2021). The unexplored wound healing activity of Urtica dioica L. extract: An in vitro and in vivo study. Molecules, 26(20), 6248.Javid Ahmad deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
658KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for black coughWhooping coughEaten fresh or ground into paste.Raw or PastekillmishViburnum Grandiflorum⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedDutta, A., Singh, K., Singh, B., Sharma, Y. P., & Bussmann, R. W. (2021). Documentation of veterinary practices from Gujjar and Bakarwal tribes of District Poonch, Jammu & Kashmir: A boon for animals from our ancestors. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 21, 1-18.sadeek ktriBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
659KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: For cowsLivestock healthFed raw to cattle.Animal FeedGul nakshoosadeek ktriBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
660KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for eye painEye painGround and juice collected for use.Juice Extractionputh ke jadiGh Nabi shiekhBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
661KashmirIndustrail AplicabilityTraditional plant for soap makingDermatological useUsed as an ingredient in soap for skincare.Soap IngredientDang sonchalMalva neglecta Wallr.🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedAl-Snafi, A. E. (2021). Traditional uses of Iraqi medicinal plants (part 2). International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive, 2(1), 022-041.Mohammad Shareef deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
662KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for woundsWound healingGround into powder and used topically or internally.Powder / Topical / OralbudimavooNazeera begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
663KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for treating forest biteFrostbiteApplied to inflamed/red areas of feet.TopicalAlgaeShaziya begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
664KashmirAnimal HealthHerbal aid for digestion in animalsDigestion in livestockUsed as dry or fresh fodder.Animal FeedThulbabil/ BobulbabunaCotula anthemoids L🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedNo Scientific EvidenceGh Mohd NajarNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
665KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary treatment for BVD in cattleBovine Viral DiarrheaCollected, salted, and fed to animals.Salting + Animal FeedYannHorse MintMentha longifolia🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernNo Scientific EvidenceGh Mohd NajarNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
666KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for toothacheToothacheGround, mixed with oil, and applied to painful tooth.Powder / Oil MixDaturThorn appleDatura stramonium🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedGh Mohd NajarNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
667KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Increases milk yield in cowsMilk yield in cowsFed to livestock.Animal FeedDramunBermuda grassCynodon dactylon🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernKhan, R., Nedelcheva, A., Abidin, S. Z. U., Bhatti, M. Z., Khan, S. M., Ullah, A., ... & Dogan, Y. (2024). Ethnoveterinary uses of forage plants for domesticated ruminants in Malakand agency, Pakistan. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 108(1), 36-54.Gh Mohd NajarNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
668KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for tooth painToothacheRoot collected, cleaned, and chewed.ChewingPahale GhassCommon YarrowAchillea Millefolium🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernAkbar, S. (2020). Achillea millefolium L.(Asteraceae/Compositae). In Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants: A Comprehensive Review of Their Traditional Medical Uses and Scientific Justifications (pp. 57-67). Cham: Springer International Publishing.Gh Mohd NajarNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
669KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for postpartum care in womenPostpartum recoveryBoiled in water, strained, and used.DecoctionBatt ThreerTasleema BegumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
670KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Boosts milk productionMilk enhancement in livestockMade into hay or fed fresh to animals.Animal FeedDadijeMilk Thistlelactuca serriola🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernAbdul-Jalil, T. Z. (2020). Lactuca serriola: Short review of its phytochemical and pharmacological profiles. Intl. J. Drug Deliv. Technol, 10(3), 505-508.QUAIL, W. T. J. EFFECT OF FREE CHOICE FEEDING BASED ON EMMER, TRITICALE. SCIENTIFIC PAPERS, 113.Tasleema BegumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
671KashmirHuman HealthHerbal protein-rich supplementProtein deficiencyCleaned and consumed directly.Raw ConsumptionMohar MunjWild Carrotdaucus carota🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernAremu, M. O., Okpele, J. A., Ibrahim, H., Ortutu, S. C., Mohammed, M. A., & Salau, R. B. (2022). Comparative Studies on Nutrient and Anti–nutrient Composition of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). International Journal of Sciences, 11(01), 13-21.Pandey, P., Grover, K., Dhillon, T. S., Chawla, N., & Kaur, A. (2024). Development and quality evaluation of polyphenols enriched black carrot (Daucus carota L.) powder incorporated bread. Heliyon, 10(3).Ejiofor, U. L., Ishiwu, C. N., Nneka, M. G., & Sunday, O. K. (2025). Optimization of Nutrient Composition of Foam-Mat Dried Protein Rich Weaning Food Supplement Produced from Carrot Juice (Daucus Carota), Egg White and Crayfish (Nematopalaemon Hastatus). International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 10(3), 146-169.Tasleema BegumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
672KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for fat lossWeight managementGround and mixed with water for use.Water MixTathwainArtemisia absinthium🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedTaraghdari, S. B., Nematy, M., Mazidi, M., Kamgar, M., Soukhtanloo, M., Hosseini, M., ... & Esmaily, H. (2015). The effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Artemisia absinthium on appetite in male rats. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine, 5(2), 78.Daradka, H. M., Abas, M. M., Mohammad, M. A., & Jaffar, M. M. (2014). Antidiabetic effect of Artemisia absinthium extracts on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 23(6), 1733-1742.Tasleema BegumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
673KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to reduce joint painJoint painGround and mixed with oil, then applied.Oil Mix / TopicalBaad Gulbroadleaf plantainPlantago major L🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernNúñez Guillén, M. E., da Silva Emim, J. A., Souccar, C., & Lapa, A. J. (1997). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of Plantago major L. International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 35(2), 99-104.Zhakipbekov, K., Turgumbayeva, A., Issayeva, R., Kipchakbayeva, A., Kadyrbayeva, G., Tleubayeva, M., ... & Tileuberdi, Y. (2023). Antimicrobial and other biomedical properties of extracts from Plantago major, Plantaginaceae. Pharmaceuticals, 16(8), 1092.Qian, B., Hu, J., Dai, L., Zhou, Y., & Xu, H. (2025). Anti-inflammatory effect of Plantago asiatica crude extract in rat gout arthritis model. Journal of Immunotoxicology, 22(1), 2453156.Haneef begumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
674KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to heal wounds and improve healthWounds, general wellnessRoots used to treat wounds; fruits used to boost energy.Multi-purposeWild strawberryWild strawberryFragaria nubicola (Rosaceae)🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedShrestha, S., Kunwar, R. M., Jan, H. A., Abbasi, A. M., Bussmann, R. W., & Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y. (2020). Fragaria nubicola (Hook. f,.) Lindl. ex Lacaita Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Himalayas (pp. 1-10). Cham: Springer International Publishing.Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Bussmann, R. W., & Kikvidze, Z. (2024). Fragaria moschata Weston Fragaria vesca L. Fragaria viridis Duch. Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Eastern Europe: Carpathians (pp. 1-19). Cham: Springer International Publishing.Haneef begumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
675KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for anemia and energy boostAnaemia, weaknessConsumed ripe, or made into juice or jam.Raw / Jam / JuiceChanchthornless blackberryRubus ulmifolius🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedMehiou, A., Dib, I., Berraaouan, A., Ziyyat, A., Elachouri, M., & Bussmann, R. W. (2024). Rubus idaeus L. Rubus ulmifolius Schott. Rubus vulgaris Weihe & Nees Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of Northern Africa and Levant (pp. 1811-1825). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.Mehiou, A., Alla, C., Akissi, Z. L., Lucau-Danila, A., Bouanani, N., Legssyer, A., ... & Ziyyat, A. (2024). Rubus ulmifolius schott: A comprehensive review of its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological effects. Journal of Berry Research, 14(4), 301-328.Joshi, A., Kumar, V., Naik, B., Shikha, D., Rustagi, S., & Gupta, A. K. (2024). Anti-diabetic potential of Rubus species: linking conventional knowledge with scientific developments: a review. Food Production, Processing and Nutrition, 6(1), 87.Haneef begumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
676KashmirHerbal practice to reduce weaknessGeneral weaknessConsumed ripe.Raw ConsumptionangeerFigFicus carica🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernFazel, M. F., Abu, I. F., Mohamad, M. H. N., Mat Daud, N. A., Hasan, A. N., Aboo Bakkar, Z., ... & Ismail, A. A. (2024). Physicochemistry, nutritional, and therapeutic potential of Ficus carica–A promising nutraceutical. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 1947-1968.Idrus, R. B. H., Sainik, N. Q. A. V., Ansari, A. S., Zulfarina, M. S., Razali, R. A., Nordin, A., ... & Mohamed, I. N. (2018). Ficus carica and bone health: A systematic review. Sains Malaysiana, 47(11), 2741-2755.Haneef begumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
677KashmirHerbal aid for digestionIndigestionUsed as spice in cooking vegetables.Spice UseSaunffennelFoeniculum Vulgare🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedRather, M. A., Dar, B. A., Sofi, S. N., Bhat, B. A., & Qurishi, M. A. (2016). Foeniculum vulgare: A comprehensive review of its traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9, S1574-S1583.Özel, O. T., Çimagil, R., Gürkan, S. E., Coşkun, İ., Türe, M., & Kutlu, İ. (2023). The effects of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Essential Oils on Growth Performance and Digestive Physiological Traits in Black Sea Salmon (Salmo labrax PALLAS 1814) Juveniles. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 29(1), 362-370.Saddiqi, H. A., & Iqbal, Z. (2011). Usage and significance of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seeds in Eastern medicine. In Nuts and seeds in health and disease prevention (pp. 461-467). Academic Press.Mohd Akbar WaniNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
678KashmirEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportIncluded in traditional recipes.CulinaryKral Munjshepherd's purseCapsella bursapastoris🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedŁukaszyk, A., Kwiecień, I., & Szopa, A. (2024). Traditional uses, bioactive compounds, and new findings on pharmacological, nutritional, cosmetic and biotechnology utility of Capsella bursa-pastoris. Nutrients, 16(24), 4390.Riaz, I., Bibi, Y., & Ahmed, N. (2021). Evaluation of nutritional, phytochemical, antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of Capsella bursa-pastoris, a wild vegetable from potohar region of Pakistan. Kuwait journal of science, 48(3).Mohd Akbar WaniNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
679KashmirHerbal remedy for abdominal pain in infantsInfant colicGround with oil to make paste for application.Paste / TopicalZarkashDescuraina Millefolia⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedNimrouzi, M., Sadeghpour, O., Imanieh, M. H., Shams-Ardekani, M., Zarshenas, M. M., Salehi, A., & Minaei, M. B. (2014). Remedies for children constipation in medieval Persia. Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine, 19(2), 137-143.Mohd Akbar WaniNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
680KashmirHerbal remedy rich in vitamin CVitamin C deficiency / mouth ulcersEaten raw.Raw ConsumptionCxukchineErect Prickly PearOxalis Stricta🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedMohd Akbar WaniNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
681KashmirHerbal remedy for headache and wound healingHeadache, woundsGround with oil to form thin paste, applied externally.Paste / TopicalKalvlothcommon self-heal, heal-all, woundwortPrunella vulgaris🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernAkkol, E. K., Renda, G., Ilhan, M., & Bektaş, N. Y. (2022). Wound healing acceleration and anti-inflammatory potential of Prunella vulgaris L.: From conventional use to preclinical scientific verification. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 295, 115411.Rasool, R., & Ganai, B. A. (2013). Prunella vulgaris L.: a literature review on its therapeutic potentials. Pharmacologia, 4(6), 441-448.Patel, J. K., & Sharma, M. K. (2019). A review on ethno botanical, phytochemistry, bioactivities and medicinal potential of Prunella vulgaris (mint family/common self-heal). East African Scholars Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics, 1(5), 99-105.Mohd Akbar WaniNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
682KashmirHerbal remedy to cure iron deficiencyIron deficiency anaemiaUsed in recipes.CulinaryWari HaandSpanishLentinus tigrinus⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedAdejumo, T. O., & Awosanya, O. B. (2005). Proximate and mineral composition of four edible mushroom species from South Western Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4(10).Adejumo, T. O., Coker, M. E., & Akinmoladun, V. O. (2015). Identification and evaluation of nutritional status of some edible and medicinal mushrooms in Akoko Area, Ondo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 4(4), 1011-1028.Mohd Akbar WaniNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
683KashmirHerbal remedy for diabetic patientsDiabetesGround and included in food recipes.CulinaryBagle dalBroad BeanVicia faba🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedMejri, F., Selmi, S., Martins, A., Baati, T., Chaabane, H., Njim, L., ... & Hosni, K. (2018). Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) pods: a rich source of bioactive ingredients with antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, anti-diabetic and health-promoting properties. Food & function, 9(4), 2051-2069.Turco, I., Ferretti, G., & Bacchetti, T. (2016). Review of the health benefits of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) polyphenols. Journal of Food & Nutrition Research, 55(4).Poonia, A., Vikranta, U., Chaudhary, N., & Dangi, P. (2022). Current and potential health claims of faba beans (Vicia faba, L.) and its components. In Faba bean: Chemistry, properties and functionality (pp. 331-355). Cham: Springer International Publishing.Mohd Akbar WaniNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
684KashmirHerbal remedy for treatment of iron deficiencyIron deficiencyUsed in meals.CulinaryDrub GhasesPolygonum aviculare L🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedMahmoudi, M., Abdellaoui, R., Feki, E., Boughalleb, F., Zaidi, S., & Nasri, N. (2021). Analysis of Polygonum aviculare and Polygonum maritimum for minerals by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), polyphenolics by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS), and antioxidant properties by spectrophotometry. Analytical Letters, 54(18), 2940-2955.Demirpolat, A. (2022). Chemical composition of essential oils of seven Polygonum species from Turkey: A chemotaxonomic approach. Molecules, 27(24), 9053.Mohd Akbar WaniNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
685KashmirEthnoveterinary use: Treats cattle ruminal tympanyBloating in cattleFed to animals as fodder.Animal FeedBatak LyuntRed CloverTrifolium pratense🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernReed, K. F. M. (2016). Fertility of herbivores consuming phytoestrogen-containing Medicago and Trifolium species. Agriculture, 6(3), 35.Rout, R. K. THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF RUMENOTOMY IN MEDICINALLY REFRACTORY CASES OF RECURRENT TYMPANY IN CROSSBRED COWS (Doctoral dissertation, ORISSA UNiVERSITY OF AGRICuLTURE AND TECHNOLOGY).Mohd Akbar WaniNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
686KashmirHerbal treatment for diabetesDiabetesUsed in salad or recipes.Salad / CulinaryTsochalCommon MallowMalva neglecta L🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedSaleem, M., Hussain, A., Akhtar, M. F., Saleem, A., Sadeeqa, S., & Naheed, S. (2021). Ameliorating effect of Malva Neglecta on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic rats. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 57, e18901.Türker, M., & Dalar, A. (2013). In vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties and phenolic composition of M. neglecta Wallr.(Malvaceae) fruit: A traditional medicinal fruit from Eastern Anatolia. Industrial Crops and Products, 51, 376-380.Zareefa begumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
687KashmirTaken as cooked vegetable for general weaknessNutritional deficiencyCooked and consumed fresh.CookingKecx KulHimalayan IndigoIndigofera heterantha🟤 BrownLeast ConcernBuch, K., Mugloo, J. A., Ahmad, K., Sheikh, G. G., Raj, A., Khan, P. A., ... & Mehraj, B. (2022). Nutrient deficient forage for critically endangered Cervus hanglu hanglu: A serious concern for conservationists.Mir, S. H., Ahmed, H. A., Ganai, A. M., & Beigh, Y. A. (2020). Seasonal variability of palatability and nutrient intake in different age groups of range sheep. Biological Rhythm Research, 51(7), 1006-1017.Zareefa begumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
688KashmirEthnoveterinary use: Maintains cattle healthLivestock health maintenanceGround (wet/dry) with jaggery and consumed.Grinding / OralBhang KulMarijuanaCannabis Sativa Indica🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedMuedi, H. T. H., Kujoana, T. C., Shai, K., Mabelebele, M., & Sebola, N. A. (2024). The use of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) on farm animal’s productivity, health and reproductive performance: a review. Animal Production Science, 64(2).Fallahi, S., Bobak, Ł., & Opaliński, S. (2022). Hemp in animal diets—cannabidiol. Animals, 12(19), 2541.Klir, Ž., Novoselec, J., & Antunović, Z. (2019). An overview on the use of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in animal nutrition. Poljoprivreda, 25(2), 52-61.Zareefa begumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
689KashmirTraditional use: Increases soil fertilitySoil fertilityUsed as manure.FertilizerGandangundZareefa begumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
690KashmirTaken as cooked vegetable for general weaknessNutritional deficiencyCooked into recipes.CookingKunnKashmir ElderSambucus Wightiana⚫ BlackLeast ConcernAcharya, J., & Mukherjee, A. (2014). An account of Sambucus L. in the Himalayan regions of India. Indian Journal of Life Sciences, 4(1), 77.Zareefa begumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
691KashmirHerbal remedy for toothacheToothacheRubbed on teeth for cleaning.RubbingDoon KulWalnutJuglans Regia🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernTaresh, A., Mahdi, A., & Alziadi, R. (2023). Efficacy of Juglans regia extract as a mouthwash in the treatment of periodontal disease. International journal of health sciences. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns9.13905.Ayisha begumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
692KashmirEdible plant used to cure fracturesBone fractureCrushed and applied as paste or used in food.Paste / CulinaryHaandDandelionTaraxacum officinale🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernAlfaifi, A., Tashkandi, M., & Yousef, J. (2023). Roles for Taraxacum officinale and Vitamins (C, K) on Bone Formation and Resorption Heparin-Induced in Rats. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.51847/jzj0vbvtxp.Ayisha begumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
693KashmirHerbal remedy for back painBack painPowdered and cooked in desi ghee with sugar and water.Cookingganhargreen amaranthAmaranthus viridis🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedIkram, M., Haider, A., & Fatima, U. (2023). Pharmaceutical Activity of Medicinal Plant Amaranthus viridis Linn. Due to Its Chemical Constituents: A Review. BIOEDUSCIENCE. https://doi.org/10.22236/jbes/12089.Zaina begumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
694KashmirHerbal treatment for hair fall and dandruffHair fall, dandruffMixed with mustard oil and massaged into scalp.Massage / Oil MixKukli portCuscuta reflexaCuscuta reflexa🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernAnjum, F., Bukhari, S., Shahid, M., Bokhari, T., & Talpur, M. (2013). Exploration of nutraceutical potential of herbal oil formulated from parasitic plant.. African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines : AJTCAM, 11 1, 78-86 . https://doi.org/10.4314/AJTCAM.V11I1.11.Zaina begumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
695KashmirEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportUsed in food preparations.CulinaryMeethiFenugreekTrigunella Fuenum Graecum🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedDhull, S., Chandak, A., Bamal, P., Malik, A., & Kidwai, M. (2021). Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): Nutritional, Health Properties and Food Uses. Fenugreek. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1197-1_10.Zaina begumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
696KashmirHerbal remedy for winter coldCold and flu (seasonal)Fried in oil, dried, and consumed in small amounts.Frying + DryingPranOnionAllium cepa var. prolliferum🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedSingh, H., & Khar, A. (2022). Potential of onion (Allium cepa) as traditional therapeutic and functional food: An update. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i11.123235.Zaina begumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
697KashmirHerbal remedy for anaemia and blood healthAnaemia, blood weaknessEaten ripe or made into juice.Raw / JuiceKashmiri PomegranatePomegranatePunica granatum🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedAn, P., S, R., Jk, V., G., Y., Vs, H., Lj, K., Kg, S., & Be, P. (2023). Punica granatum Juice as an Oral Supplemental Therapeutic: Effect on Hemoglobin and Blood Glucose Levels among Diabetic Patients. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.3.95.Zaina begumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
698KashmirTraditional use: Cooking ingredientCulinary useCooked as dish.CulinaryWast HakRedroot PigweedAmaranthus dubius🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedNyonje, W., Yang, R., Kejo, D., Makokha, A., Owino, W., & Abukutsa-Onyango, M. (2022). Exploring the Status of Preference, Utilization Practices, and Challenges to Consumption of Amaranth in Kenya and Tanzania. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2240724.Zaina begumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
699KashmirTraditional use: Cooking ingredientCulinary useUsed in traditional recipes.Traditional CookingLeesa Red AmaranthLove Lies BleedingAmaranthus caudatus🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedToimbayeva, D., Saduakhasova, S., Kamanova, S., Kiykbay, A., Tazhina, S., Temirova, I., Muratkhan, M., Shaimenova, B., Murat, L., Khamitova, D., & Ospankulova, G. (2025). Prospects for the Use of Amaranth Grain in the Production of Functional and Specialized Food Products. Foods, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14091603.Zaina begumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
700KashmirTraditional use: Used in soap makingDermatological/cleaning utilityGround for use in dishes.Powder / CulinaryHaan Don KulHorse chestnutAesculus Glabra⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedNot DocumentedMohd Sultan ChopanNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
701KashmirTraditional use: Used as a spiceCulinary/spiceUsed in powdered form.Powder UseJungli PudinaAsian MintMentha longifolia🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernShahar, B., & Chongtham, N. (2023). Traditional uses and advances in recent research on wild aromatic plant Mentha longifolia and its pharmacological importance. Phytochemistry Reviews, 23, 529-550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-023-09896-7.Mohd Sultan ChopanNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
702KashmirEdible plant: Nutritious and supports weight gainMalnutrition/weight gainUsed ripe or made into jam, juice, or squash.Juice / Jam / SquashTul KulWhite MulberryMorus alba🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedChen, C., Mohamad Razali, U. H., Saikim, F. H., Mahyudin, A., & Mohd Noor, N. Q. I. (2021). Morus alba L. Plant: Bioactive Compounds and Potential as a Functional Food Ingredient. Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 10(3), 689. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10030689Mohd Sultan ChopanNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
703KashmirHerbal remedy rich in vitaminsVitamin deficiencyConsumed ripe.RawRingHowthorn berriesCrataegus oxyacantha🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedOrhan, I. (2016). Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activity Profile of Crataegus oxyacantha L. (Hawthorn) - A Cardiotonic Herb.. Current medicinal chemistry, 25 37, 4854-4865 . https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666160919095519.Mohd Sultan ChopanNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
704KashmirHerbal remedy for diabetesDiabetesSliced, sun-dried, or made into jam/murabba.Drying / JamBamchoonthQuince appleCydonia oblonga🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernAmerizadeh, A., Vaseghi, G., Esmaeilian, N., & Asgary, S. (2022). Cardiovascular Effects of Cydonia oblonga Miller (Quince). Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3185442.Mohd Sultan ChopanNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
705KashmirHerbal source of vitamins and mineralsVitamin & mineral deficiencyConsumed ripe for strength.Strength / Nutritionkecham trailCrab appleMalus sylvestris🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownData DeficientBarros, L., Carvalho, A., & Ferreira, I. (2010). Leaves, flowers, immature fruits and leafy flowered stems of Malva sylvestris: a comparative study of the nutraceutical potential and composition.. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 48 6, 1466-72 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.012.Mohd Sultan ChopanNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
706KashmirHerbal remedy for bone diseasesBone-related ailmentsBrewed into herbal tea.DecoctionRatan JootMeadow GeraniumGeranium pretense L🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernWang, X., Wang, M., Cui, X., Li, Z., Guo, S., Gao, F., , M., & Wang, Z. (2021). Antiosteoporosis effect of geraniin on ovariectomy‐induced osteoporosis in experimental rats. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 35. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.22774.Haja begumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
707KashmirHerbal remedy for back painBack painPowdered and mixed with ghee, sugar, and semolina to make halwa.Halwa / CookingMameekPaeonia EmodiPaeonia Emodi🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernYaqoob, U., Nazir, S., Nawchoo, I., Lone, F., Rather, A., Hassan, A., & Ashraf, A. (2018). Paeonia emodi: An Ethnopharmacological and Phytochemical Review. , 6, 11-20.Kumar, S., Ratha, K., Rao, M., & Acharya, R. (2022). A comprehensive review on the phytochemistry, pharmacological, ethnobotany, and traditional uses of Paeonia species. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.02.Haja begumNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
708KashmirHerbal remedy for wounds and postpartum bathingWounds, postpartum careBoiled water preparation for internal use.DecoctionPamb HakIndian RhubarbRheum webbiana⚫ BlackNot ApplicableNot DocumentedNaseemaNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
709KashmirHerbal remedy for abdominal painAbdominal painGround into paste and applied to skin.PasteAgnisheerNaseemaNowgam baramullaWagooraBaramullah
710KashmirHerbal practice to treat frostbiteFrostbiteBoiled in water for foot soak.Foot Soak / DecoctionThulbabilBabunaCotula anthemoids L🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedRefaey, M., Abouelela, M., El-Shoura, E., Alkhalidi, H., Fadil, S., Elhady, S., & Abdelhameed, R. (2022). In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cotula anthemoides Essential Oil and In Silico Molecular Docking of Its Bioactives. Molecules, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061994.Mahrideen ktriBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
711KashmirSeeds used to treat toothacheToothachePicked from Datura, ground into powder, applied to toothache or cavities.Powder / TopicalDaturThorn appleDatura stramonium🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedSharma, M., Dhaliwal, I., Rana, K., Delta, A., & Kaushik, P. (2021). Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Datura Species—A Review. Antioxidants, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081291.mariam BegumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
712KashmirHerbal remedy for stomach cleaningDigestive cleansingUsed as herbal decoction.Herbal DecoctionTathwainArtimesia absenthium🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernBhat, R., Rehman, M., Shabir, A., Mir, M., Ahmad, A., Khan, R., Masoodi, M., Madkhali, H., & Ganaie, M. (2019). Chemical Composition and Biological Uses of Artemisia absinthium (Wormwood). Plant and Human Health, Volume 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04408-4_3.mariam BegumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
713KashmirTraditional use: Consumed as fruitGeneral health/nutritionConsumed ripe or made into jam.Juice / JamChanchthornless blackberryRubus ulmifolius🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernDa Silva, L., Pereira, E., Pires, T., Alves, M., Pereira, O., Barros, L., & Ferreira, I. (2019). Rubus ulmifolius Schott fruits: A detailed study of its nutritional, chemical and bioactive properties.. Food research international, 119, 34-43 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.01.052.gulshan begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
714KashmirHerbal remedy for weakness and cancerWeakness, cancer supportConsumed ripe.RawAnjeerFigFicus carica🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernUddin, S. (2020). A review on nutritional values and pharmacological importance of Ficus carica. International Journal of Horticulture and Food Science. https://doi.org/10.33545/26631067.2020.v2.i1a.48.Tanzeela aktherBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
715KashmirHerbal treatment for injuryInjury/wound careGround into paste and applied to injuries.Paste / TopicalKalvlothcommon self-heal, heal-all, woundwortPrunella valgaris🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernAkkol, E., Renda, G., Ilhan, M., & Bektaş, N. (2022). Wound healing acceleration and anti-inflammatory potential of Prunella vulgaris L.: From conventional use to preclinical scientific verification.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 115411 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115411.Tanzeela aktherBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
716KashmirEdible plant used as foodNutritional supportUsed in curry or brewed as herbal tea.Curry / TeaCxeer KulCommon CockleburXanthium strumarium🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedBabajanova, R., Rakhmanova, M., Kodiralieva, F., & Malikova, M. (2024). PROTEINS AND CARBOHYDRATES OF XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM L. FRUITS GROWING IN THE KHOREZM RE-GION. chemistry of plant raw material. https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240411752.freeda begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
717KashmirEdible vegetable for pregnant womenPostpartum nutritionFresh leaves cooked and consumed.CookingWari HaandSpanishLentinus tigrinus⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedFabros, J., Dulay, R., De León, A., Kalaw, S., & Reyes, R. (2022). Distribution, cultivation, nutritional composition, and bioactivities of Lentinus (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycetes): A review. Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology. https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/12/1/13.Suriya begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
718KashmirTraditional use: Planted in parksOrnamental usePropagated by digging root system.PropagationDrub GhasesPolygonum aviculare L🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedNot DocumentedShafeeqa begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
719KashmirWarning: Harmful for horses if eaten rawToxicity in horsesSipped directly.SippingBatak LyuntRed CloverTrifolium pratense🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernFonteque, J., De Souza, A., Schade, J., Muller, T., & Weinert, N. (2015). Intoxicação por eslaframina em equino no estado de Santa Catarina. , 22, 375-379.Suriya begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
720KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach painStomach painConsumed ripe.RawwanwagunPodophyllum hexandrum🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownEndangeredKalam, M., Malik, A., Ganie, A., & Butt, T. (2021). Medicinal importance of Papra (Podophyllum hexandrum Royle) in Unani System of Medicine. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 18, 485 - 490. https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2020-0178.Mohammad Shareef deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
721KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for cancerCancer supportUsed as edible vegetable.CulinaryTsochalCommon MallowMalva neglecta L🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedArslan, İ., Kaya, Ö., & Çeli̇k, T. (2023). PHYTOCHEMICALANALYSIS OF ACTIVE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN SOME PLANTS USED AS TRADITIONAL FOLK DRUGS FOR CANCER AND LITERATURE REVIEW OF THEIR ANTI-CANCER EFFECTS. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2106_59015914.Mohammad Shareef deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
722KashmirHuman HealthHerbal bath for postpartum recovery and wound healingPostpartum pain, wound healingBoiled in water and used for washing.WashingKecx KulHimalayan IndigoIndigofera heterantha🟤 BrownLeast ConcernHalim, A., Zeb, M., & Khan, S. (2018). In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Indigofera heterantha roots. Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal, 6. https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2018.06.00192.GH DIN KATARIBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
723KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Increases milk yield in cowsMilk production in cattleFed raw to cattle.Animal FeedDurhamwitchgrassPanicum Capillare⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedNot DocumentedGh uddin deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
724KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for stomach disordersIndigestion, gastritisDecoction administered twice daily.DecoctionKunnKashmir ElderSambucus Wightiana⚫ BlackLeast ConcernChashoo, I., Wani, S., Raja, W., Bhat, Z., Ali, M., Alshehri, S., Alam, P., Ghoneim, M., Asdaq, S., & Shakeel, F. (2023). Physicochemical Characterization, Phytochemical Analysis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Sambucus wightiana. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.105170.Gh uddin deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
725KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportUsed in recipes.CookingDoon KulWalnutJuglans Regia🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernGaviley, O., Pankova, S., Poliakova, L., & Chorna, G. (2024). Assessment of Phytochemical Characteristics of Walnut (Juglans regia) Leaves: Determination of Nutritional Value and Quantitative Content of Phenolic Compounds. Research in Agricultural Sciences. https://doi.org/10.17097/agricultureatauni.1556731.Zaytoona begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
726KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for knee pain, joint pain, and weaknessJoint pain, fatigueBoiled, made into paste, and applied.Paste / TopicalHandDandelionTaraxacum officinale🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernSis, Ç., Okcay, Y., Ulusoy, K., Vural, I., & Yildiz, O. (2024). Exploring the antinociceptive effect of taraxasterol in mice: Possible mechanisms. Neuroscience Letters, 845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138075.Hao, F., Deng, X., Yu, X., Wang, W., Yan, W., Zhao, X., Wang, X., Bai, C., Wang, Z., & Han, L. (2024). Taraxacum: A Review of Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activity.. The American journal of Chinese medicine, 1-33 . https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X24500083.Marbee BegumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
727Kashmirindustrail aplicabityTraditional use: Used for house cleaningCleaning utilityUsed as green vegetable.CookingMishri GrassSweet CherryPrunus Avium🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernBali begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
728KashmirHuman HealthTraditional use: Eaten as foodNutritional useBoiled and consumed in food.CookingGanhargreen amaranthAmaranthus viridis🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedDatta, S., Sinha, B., Bhattacharjee, S., & Seal, T. (2019). Nutritional composition, mineral content, antioxidant activity and quantitative estimation of water soluble vitamins and phenolics by RP-HPLC in some lesser used wild edible plants. Heliyon, 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01431.Bali begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
729KashmirHuman HealthTraditional herb for hair growthHair lossGround into paste.PasteKukli portCuscuta reflexaCuscuta reflexa🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernPandit, S., Chauhan, N., & Dixit, V. (2008). Effect of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb on androgen‐induced alopecia. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2008.00389.x.Javid Ahmad deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
730KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to boost energyFatigueBoiled and made into paste and applied.Boiling / PasteMeethiFenugreekTrigunella Fuenum Graecum🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedYan, D., Yan, Y., , R., Chu, J., Mao, X., & Li, L. (2022). Ameliorating effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) extract tablet on exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue in rats by suppressing mitophagy in skeletal muscle.. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 26 20, 7321-7332 . https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202210_30001.Abdul Aziz JinderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
731KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for throat cancerThroat cancerGround into powder, used in food.Powder / CulinaryPranOnionAllium cepa var. prolliferum🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedSitu, S., Hasan, M., Mia, E., Shipon, M., Amin, M., Bristy, A., & Emon, Y. (2025). Anticancer Activity of Allium cepa through the Inactivation of NF-κB Pathway: A Literature-based Study. Journal of Chemistry Insights and Discoveries. https://doi.org/10.71193/jcid.20250004.Javid Ahmad deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
732KashmirHuman HealthEdible plant used as vegetableNutritional supportBoiled and added to recipes.CookingWast HakRedroot PigweedAmaranthus dubius🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedRuth, O., Unathi, K., Nomali, N., & Chinsamy, M. (2021). Underutilization Versus Nutritional-Nutraceutical Potential of the Amaranthus Food Plant: A Mini-Review. Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11156879.Gh Nabi ShiekhBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
733KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for heart pain and pregnancy-related symptomsCardiac pain, postpartum recoveryMade into jam, pickle, or burned and consumed.Multi-purposeBamchoonthQuince appleCydonia oblonga🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernShakeri, A., Hashempur, M., Mojibian, M., Aliasl, F., Bioos, S., & Nejatbakhsh, F. (2018). A comparative study of ranitidine and quince (Cydonia oblonga mill) sauce on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in pregnancy: a randomised, open-label, active-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 38, 899 - 905. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2018.1431210.Amerizadeh, A., Vaseghi, G., Esmaeilian, N., & Asgary, S. (2022). Cardiovascular Effects of Cydonia oblonga Miller (Quince). Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3185442.Ghulam din deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
734KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for kidney and stone painKidney stonesMushknala roots boiled and consumed.DecoctionMushk BalaSmooth CatmintNepeta laevigata⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedNot DocumentedGhulam din deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
735KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for cancer and cleaning compoundCancer support / utilityCollected, boiled for 10 minutes, mixed with milk, then eaten.CookingSongal TeaGH uddin DeaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
736KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for coughCoughRoots of Musloon ground into paste and applied.Paste / TopicalMusloon RootsTTc🟤 BrownNot DocumentedPathani BegumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
737KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for back painBack painGround into paste.PasteRatan JootMeadow GeraniumGeranium pretense L🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernGazerani, A., Sarchahi, Z., Hosseini, S., & Abavisani, M. (2020). The effect of inhalation aromatherapy of geranium on pain and physiological indices after appendectomy: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Surgery Open. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijso.2020.12.004.meraj din katariBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
738KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach pain and sugar regulationStomach ache, diabetesRoots of Patrees boiled and applied.Boiling / TopicalPatreesGreenish Himalayan MonkshoodAconitum heterophyllum🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownEndangeredKour, G., Chaubey, S., Singh, D., & Mishra, R. (2021). ATIVISA (ACONITUM HETEROPHYLLUM WALL EX. ROYLE): A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON PROPAGATION, TRADITIONAL USES AND PHARMACOLOGY. AYUSHDHARA. https://doi.org/10.47070/ayushdhara.v8i2.714.Paramanick, D., Panday, R., Shukla, S., & Sharma, V. (2017). Primary Pharmacological and Other Important Findings on the Medicinal Plant “Aconitum Heterophyllum” (Aruna). Journal of Pharmacopuncture, 20, 89 - 92. https://doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2017.20.011.Haleema BegumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
739KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for sugar painDiabetes-related painRoots of Khorijafi ground, boiled, and added to rice.Boil / CulinaryKhori Jodi RootLal din deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
740KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach pain and headacheStomach ache, headacheGround, mixed with warm oil, applied to relieve stomach and headache.Oil / MassageChoroAngelica glauca Edgew🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownEndangeredFareeda BegumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
741KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for children's tooth painPediatric toothacheUsed after boiling in water.BoilingZeher Ka PhoolNot EvaluatedNazera begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
742KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for pneumonia and coldPneumonia, coldBoiled in water and used.DecoctionLandiCynoglossum lanceolatummatwali deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
743KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach and general body painAbdominal & body painPicked, boiled, made into paste, and added to food.Boiling / Paste / FoodBhodi aye Jaddirashma BegumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
744KashmirHuman HealthHerbal energy booster and body pain relieverFatigue, body painMade into paste and used in vegetables.Paste / CookingKhafal sodutohameeda begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
745KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for joint and back painJoint & back painPowdered, boiled with rice and ghee.Culinary / NutritionalMameekPaeonia EmodiPaeonia Emodi🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernHaneefa BegumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
746KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for bee sting woundsBee stingRubbed on affected skin to reduce redness and itching.TopicalUbajNepal DockRumex nepelensis🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedMymoona begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
747KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for woundsWound healingRoots of Pamb Hak ground and made into paste.Paste / TopicalPamb HakIndian RhubarbRheum webbiana🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedNazira begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
748KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach pain and indigestionStomach pain, indigestionAdded to boiling water and consumed.DecoctiontethwanArtimesia absenthium🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedJlal Uddin ShiekhBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
749KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for fever and coldFever, coldConsumed fresh.Raw ConsumptionChestnut treeCastanea dentata🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownCriticially EndangeredPuri, D., Kumar, A., Virmani, J., & Kriti. (2022). Classification of leaves of medicinal plants using laws’ texture features. International Journal of Information Technology, 14(2), 931-942.AB KREEM PODEBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
750KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for cancerCancer supportGround, soaked overnight in water, and consumed.Soaking OvernightHazelnut treeCorylus avellana🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernMohammad shreef choanBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
751KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for wound healingWoundsGround and made into paste.PasteSoiNittle lipurtica dioica🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernJavid Ahmad deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
752KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for black coughWhooping coughEaten fresh or dried, then ground into paste.Raw or PastekilmishViburnum Grandiflorum⚫ BlackNot Evaluatedsadeek ktriBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
753KashmirANimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Used for cowsCattle healthGiven raw.Animal FeedGul nakshoosadeek ktriBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
754KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for eye painEye painGround and juice collected for medicinal use.Juice Extractionputh ke jadiGh Nabi shiekhBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
755KashmirHuman HealthTraditional plant used in soap productionDermatological/cleaning useUsed as a key ingredient in soap for skin care.Soap IngredientDang sonchalMohammad Shareef deaderBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
756KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for woundsWoundsGround and powdered for topical application.Powder UsebudimavooNazeera begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
757KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to treat forest biteFrostbiteUsed for redness and inflamed forstbite.TopicalAlgaeShaziya begumBandibala, BaramulaWagooraBaramullah
758KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for inflammationInflammationTaken as cooked vegetables or in soup form.Cooking / SoupSochalMalva neglecta L🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedHamayun, R., Iqbal, M. S., & Qadir, M. I. (2021). Assessment of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities of Malva neglecta Wallr. in animal model. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 50(3), 577-583.Hamida BegumT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, KeeriWagooraBaramullah
759KashmirHuman HealthHerbal tonic and jaundice remedyJaundice, general wellnessUsed as a tonic when taken as cooked vegetables; decoction of roots is taken orally to treat jaundice.Cooking + DecoctionHaandTaraxacum officinale🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedJalili, C., Taghadosi, M., Pazhouhi, M., Bahrehmand, F., Miraghaee, S. S., Pourmand, D., & Rashidi, I. (2020). An overview of therapeutic potentials of Taraxacum officinale (dandelion): A traditionally valuable herb with a reach historical background. WCRJ World Cancer Res. J, 7, e1679.Mahboubi, M., & Mahboubi, M. (2020). Hepatoprotection by dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and mechanisms. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 10(1), 1-10.Hamida BegumT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
760KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for gastric and intestinal issuesIndigestion, stomach infectionUsed as decoction or cooked as vegetable.Cooking / DecoctionDaadeAsplenium nidus⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedJarial, R., Thakur, S., Sakinah, M., Zularisam, A. W., Sharad, A., Kanwar, S. S., & Singh, L. (2018). Potent anticancer, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of isolated flavonoids from Asplenium nidus. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 30(2), 185-192.Hamida BegumT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
761KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for weakness and improved visionWeakness, eye healthTaken as cooked vegetable or soup to improve general weakness and eye vision.CookingGanharAmaranthus caudatus🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedDey, P., Basumatary, M., & Devi, R. S. Medicinal values of selected species of family Amaranthaceae of India.Hamida BegumT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
762KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for constipationConstipationTaken as a vegetable to treat constipation.CookingNunnarPortulaca oleracea L🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernBang, K. B., Choi, J. H., Park, J. H., Lee, S., Rho, M. C., Lee, S. W., ... & Shin, J. E. (2022). Effect of Portulaca oleracea L. extract on functional constipation: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology, 28(4), 296-303.Hamida BegumT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
763KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for iron deficiencyIron deficiency / anaemiaTaken as a vegetable to treat iron deficiency.CookingJangli PalakWild spinachChenopodium album🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedKundu, P., & Gupta, P. (2023). Chenopodium Species. Harvesting Food from Weeds, 1-20.Hamida BegumT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
764KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for general weaknessGeneral weaknessBoiled to make herbal tea.Tea / DecoctionMachranPolygonum
amplexicaule
🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedAbbasi, A. M., Khan, M. A., Shah, M. H., Shah, M. M., Pervez, A., & Ahmad, M. (2013). Ethnobotanical appraisal and cultural values of medicinally important wild edible vegetables of Lesser Himalayas-Pakistan. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine, 9(1), 66.(2020). Polygonum Species. Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Plants. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527825578.c02-71.Ram, C., Joshi, P., & Prasad, K. (2018). Phytochemical Analysis of Polygonum amplexicaule Essential Oil from Pithoragarh , Uttarakand , India. . https://doi.org/10.13188/2327-204x.1000026.Hamida BegumT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
765KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for coughCoughTaken as vegetable; used for cough relief and to improve blood circulation.CookingGulPlantago lanceolata🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedBOSKABADI, M., Rakhshandah, H., Afiat, M., Aelami, Z., & Amiri, S. (2006). Antitussive effect of Plantago lanceolata in guinea pigs.Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Bussmann, R. W., Kikvidze, Z., & Khojimatov, O. K. (2024). Plantago lanceolata L. Plantago major L. Plantago media L. Plantaginaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Eastern Europe: Carpathians (pp. 1-23). Cham: Springer International Publishing.Kattel, A. M., Sher, H., Ur Rahman, I., Hussain, W., Jan, H. A., Abbasi, A. M., ... & Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y. (2021). Plantago depressa Willd Plantago lanceolata L. Plantago major L. Plantago ovata Forssk. Plantaginacae. In Ethnobotany of the Himalayas (pp. 1539-1553). Cham: Springer International Publishing.Isabel, O. A., Antonio, M. G., de Jauregui Diego, R. F., Laura, O. L., Sandra, R. G., Kepa, G. G. J., ... & Joan, M. V. (2020). A pilot study of efficacy and safety of Plantago lanceolata and Primula veris, in the treatment of the common cold. Archives of Pharmacy Practice, 11(3-2020), 1-7.Hamida BegumT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
766KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for constipationConstipationTaken as vegetable to support digestive health.CookingKunn HaakhChenopodium Album🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedPaniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Bussmann, R. W., & Kikvidze, Z. (2025). Chenopodium album L. Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. Chenopodium polyspermum L. Chenopodium urbicum L. Amaranthaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Eastern Europe: Carpathians (pp. 689-704). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.Singh, S., Singh, A., Hallan, S. S., Brangule, A., Kumar, B., & Bhatia, R. (2023). A compiled update on nutrition, phytochemicals, processing effects, analytical testing and health effects of Chenopodium album: a non-conventional edible plant (NCEP). Molecules, 28(13), 4902.Kumawat, R. C., Kotecha, M., & Rath, S. (2017). THE EFFECT OF VASTUKA (CHENOPODIUM ALBUM LINN.) ON BLOOD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL: A RESEARCH STUDY.Hamida BegumT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
767KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to improve digestionIndigestionTaken as vegetable to aid digestive function.CookingDrub HaakhPolygonum aviculare🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedPark, J. Y., Kim, C. S., Park, K. M., & Chang, P. S. (2019). Inhibitory characteristics of flavonol-3-O-glycosides from Polygonum aviculare L.(common knotgrass) against porcine pancreatic lipase. Scientific reports, 9(1), 18080.Benrahou, K., Driouech, M., El Guourrami, O., Mrabti, H. N., Cherrah, Y., & El Abbes Faouzi, M. (2023). Medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and taxonomy of Poygonum aviculare L.: a comprehensive review. Medicinal Chemistry Research, 32(3), 409-423.Batsatsashvili, K., Mehdiyeva, N. P., Fayvush, G., Kikvidze, Z., Khutsishvili, M., Maisaia, I., ... & Bussmann, R. W. (2017). Polygonum alpinum All. Polygonum aviculare L. Polygonum carneum C. Koch Polygonum hydropiper L. Polygonaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Caucasus (pp. 509-518). Springer, Cham.Hamida BegumT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
768KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for joint painJoint painTaken in powdered form mixed with water.Water Mix / OralGucchiMorchella Esculenta🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedKewlani, P., Tiwari, D., Singh, L., Balodi, S., & Bhatt, I. D. (2023). Food and antioxidant supplements with therapeutic properties of Morchella esculenta (Ascomycetes): A review. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 25(9).Anand, K., Pankaj, & Parbhakar, P. K. (2023, September). Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Morchella esculenta: A review. In AIP conference proceedings (Vol. 2800, No. 1, p. 020287). AIP Publishing LLC.Paul, N., Slathia, P. S., Vaid, A., & Kumar, R. (2018). Traditional knowledge of gucchi, Morchella esculenta (ascomycetes), in doda district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 20(5).Hamida BegumT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
769KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for weakness and poor digestionWeakness, indigestionTaken as vegetable and in soup form.CookingShajkanGeopora sumneriana⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedSharma, R., Ghosh, S., Hashmi, S. A. J., Acharya, K., & Sharma, Y. P. (2024). Potentiality of Geopora sumneriana against oxidative stress: a case study based on traditional knowledge from India. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 94(3), 497-504.Hamida BegumT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
770KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for feverFeverUsed as a spice in vegetables; also useful for fever.Spice / Fever ReliefJangli javindThymus linearis🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedQadir, M. I., Parveen, A., Abbas, K., & Ali, M. (2016). Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities of Thymus linearis. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 29(2), 591-594.Hussain, Z., Naqvi, S. A. R., Batool, A., Iqbal, M., & Maryam, S. (2024). Antioxidants extraction and heavy metal detection of medicinal plant thymus linearis benth. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL SCIENCES, 5(1), 50-56.Punetha, A., Chauhan, A., Kumar, D., KT, V., Upadhyay, R. K., & Padalia, R. C. (2022). Productivity and essential oil quality of Himalayan Thyme (Thymus linearis Benth.) in relation to plant densities and drying methods. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 34(3), 262-269.Hamida BegumT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
771KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for woundsWoundsStem and root used together to treat wounds.Topical Wound HealingPambchalanRheum emodi Wal🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedAhmad, S. B., Rehman, M. U., Ahmad, S. P., Mudasir, S., & Mir, M. R. (2017). Rheum emodi L.(Rhubarb) promotes wound healing by decreasing inflammatory markers and enhancing accumulation of biomolecules. Annals of Phytomedicine, 6(2), 114-118.Malik, M. A., Bhat, S. A., Fatima, B. I. L. Q. U. E. E. S., Ahmad, S. B., Sidiqui, S., & Shrivastava, P. U. R. N. I. M. A. (2016). Rheum emodi as valuable medicinal plant. Int J Gen Med Pharm, 5(4), 35-44.Azhar, M., & Anjum, N. (2019). Revand Chini (Chinese rhubarb): A review on historical and unani classical prospect. Int. J. Unani Integr. Med, 3, 11-18.Hamida BegumT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
772KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for joint painJoint painUsed as paste mixed with mustard oil and applied externally.Paste / Oil MixKukli -pothCuscuta reflexa🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedAlamgeer, Niazi, S. G., Uttra, A. M., Qaiser, M. N., & Ahsan, H. (2017). Appraisal of anti-arthritic and nephroprotective potential of Cuscuta reflexa. Pharmaceutical biology, 55(1), 792-798.Mushtaq, A. A. M. I. R., Rashid, S. A. R. A. H., Jamil, M. E. H. W. I. S. H., Anwar, R. U. K. H. S. A. N. A., & Khawaja, N. R. (2017). Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of Trapa bispinosa, Chenopodium album and Cuscuta reflexa. Int. J. Biol. Pharm. Allied Sci, 6, 608-622.Udavant, P., Upasani, C., Satyanarayana, S. V., & Kshirsagar, S. (2018). Evaluation of protective effects of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. against FCA induced arthritis in rats.Hamida BegumT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
773KashmirHuman HealthHerbal medication for joint painJoint painUsed to relieve joint pain, applied in powdered or paste form.Powder / PasteThoul BobulCotula anthemoides L🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedLone, P. A., & Bhardwaj, A. K. (2013). Ethnomedicinal uses of certain locally available plants of Bandipora district of Jammu & Kashmir, India. International journal of medicinal and aromatic plants, 3(4), 470-85.Hamida BegumT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
774KashmirHuman HealthTraditional herb for hair growthHair lossUsed to promote hair growth and treat dandruff.Hair Growth / DandruffZeou NoorHamida BegumT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
775KashmirANimal HealthEthnoveterinary remedy for calcium deficiency in animalsCalcium deficiency in livestockAdministered as decoction to treat calcium deficiency.Calcium Tonic / DecoctionKaw AshudGeranium wallichianum🟤 BrownKhan, F. S., Akram, M., Khaliq, A., Tahir, M. M., AHMED, I., Hamid, A., ... & Aftab, A. (2025). Phytochemical composition, heavy metals analysis and cytotoxicity by DNA prevention measurement of crude ethanolic extract of Geranium wallichianum, Elaeagnus parvifolia, and Taraxacum officinale. Pak. J. Bot, 57(1), 211-216.Hamida BegumT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
776KashmirANimal HealthEthnoveterinary remedy for milk deficiency in cowsLow milk productionGiven to cows to increase milk yield.Veterinary TonicPalohotHamida BegumT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
777KashmirHuman HealthHerbal medication for wound healingWound healingUsed to treat wounds.Topical Wound CareKalvlothPrunella Vulgaris🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernHamida BegumT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
778KashmirHuman HealthHerbal medication for toothacheToothacheGround into powder and used to relieve toothache.OralDaturDatura stramonium🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedRukshana BanoT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
779KashmirHuman HealthHerbal medication for woundsWound healingApplied to wounds for healing.Topical Wound CareShah li lootMorus macroura⚫ BlackLeast ConcernAnjum, S., Khan, A. K., Qamar, A., Fatima, N., Drouet, S., Renouard, S., ... & Hano, C. (2021). Light tailoring: Impact of UV-C irradiation on biosynthesis, physiognomies, and clinical activities of Morus macroura-mediated monometallic (Ag and ZnO) and bimetallic (Ag–ZnO) nanoparticles. International journal of molecular sciences, 22(20), 11294.Inayat, I., Ahmad, S. N., Muqaddas, I., Suleman, S., Siddique, S., Batool, A. I., ... & Ahmad, K. R. (2020). Hepato-protective capacity of Morus (Morusmacroura) fruit extract against lead treated mice: A histopathological study. Int J Biosci, 16, 485-495.Zomuansangi, R., Singh, A., & Yadav, M. K. (2025). Antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of Morus macroura against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IJBB), 62(6), 665-675.Rukshana BanoT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
780KashmirHuman HealthTraditional treatment for woundsWoundsUsed to treat burns and non-healing wounds.Burn TreatmentZakmi hayatRheum emodi🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedRukshana BanoT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
781KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for woundsWoundsGround into paste and applied to wounds.PasteBergenia ligulata🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedGurav, S. S., & Gurav, N. S. (2014). A Comprehensive review: Bergenia ligulata Wall-A controversial clinical candidate. International journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research, 5(5), 1630.Karki, S., Chowdhury, S., Nath, S., Dora, K., & Murmu, P. (2021). Phytochemistry and ethnomedicinal use of Bergenia species-a miraculous herb. Indian J Anim Health, 60(2), 143-52.Gh Qadir ChopanT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
782KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for woundsWoundsPowdered and applied to wounds for healing.Powder / Wound HealingHaendTaraxacum officinale🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedRasool, S., & Sharma, B. (2014). Taraxacum officinale: a high value less known medicinal plant. Ann Plant Sci, 3(12), 908-915.Yoon, H. S., An, H., & Park, C. M. (2023). Anti-metastatic Effect of Taraxacum Officinale Water and Ethanol Extracts Through the Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Huh7 Cells. Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine, 11(3), 59-67.Rezaei, M., & Kaeidi, A. (2017). Evalution of Hydro-Alcohol Extracts of Plantago lanceolata L, Taraxacum officinale L. And Quercus robur L. in Comparsion with Zinc Oxide on Healing of Skin Wounds in Rats. Caring Today, 10(34-35), 61-70.Gh Qadir ChopanT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
783KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for abdominal painAbdominal painAdministered as decoction to relieve abdominal pain.Decoction / Abdominal PainJungle JiandThymus serpyllum L🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedMAHEEN, S., MALIK, M. N. H., AHMAD, T., LATIF, F., TABASSUM, N., KHAN, A. Q., ... & ALI, H. (2015). Evaluation of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of Thymus serphyllum Linn. in mice. Acta Pol. Pharm, 72, 113.Ruiz-Malagón, A. J., Rodríguez-Sanchez, M. J., Rodríguez-Sojo, M. J., Vezza, T., Pischel, I., Algieri, F., ... & Gálvez, J. (2022). Intestinal anti-inflammatory and visceral analgesic effects of a Serpylli herba extract in an experimental model of irritable bowel syndrome in rats. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 967644.Gh Qadir ChopanT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
784KashmirHuman HealthHerbal tonic for general vitalityGeneral wellnessGiven as general tonic post-delivery.Tonic / PostpartumHaendTaraxacum officinale🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedGh Qadir ChopanT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
785KashmirHuman HealthHerbal supplement for healthWeakness preventionUsed to build muscle strength. Rhizome is massaged on skin to treat boils and blisters.Strength / Topical MassageHapet GogejArisaema jacquemontii)🟤 BrownLeast ConcernBala, K., Rana, J., & Sagar, A. (2019). Antibacterial and antioxidant potential of Arisaema jacquemontii Blume from Manali, Himachal Pradesh.Gh Qadir ChopanT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
786KashmirHuman HealthTraditional herb for hair growthHair lossApplied in the form of oil to promote healthy hair and hair growth.Hair Growth / OilJungle RohunAllium sativum🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedLourith, N., & Kanlayavattanakul, M. (2013). Hair loss and herbs for treatment. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 12(3), 210-222.Bassino, E., Gasparri, F., & Munaron, L. (2020). Protective role of nutritional plants containing flavonoids in hair follicle disruption: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(2), 523.Ismil, R., & Ali Besar, N. (2025). Therapeutic, cosmetic, and agricultural applications of Allium sativum L.(garlic) and Allium cepa L.(onion): A review. Egyptian Journal of Botany, 65(1), 303-310.Gh Qadir ChopanT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
787KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for jaundiceJaundiceGiven orally to cattle to treat internal heat.Oral / Veterinary UseJan e AdamAjuga bracteosa🟤 BrownLeast ConcernAli, T., Jan, I., Bashir, R., Mir, S. A., Ali, S., & Bader, G. N. (2024). Attenuation of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Ajuga bracteosa extract treated mice. Heliyon, 10(13)Kayani, W. K., Dilshad, E., Ahmed, T., Ismail, H., & Mirza, B. (2016). Evaluation of Ajuga bracteosa for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant and anticoagulant activities. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16(1), 375.Ganaiea, H. A., Ali, M. N., Ganaib, B. A., Kaura, J., & Ahmadb, M. (2016). Evaluation of Mutagenic and Antimutagenic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Ajuga bracteosa Wall ex. Benth. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 37(2), 156-162.Gh Qadir ChopanT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
788KashmirHuman HealthHerbal medication for pregnancy toxemia in animalsPregnancy toxemia in livestockBoiled in water and administered to sheep and goats to cure pregnancy toxemia.Decoction / Veterinary UseMouthPhaseolus lunatus Lin🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedNo Scientific ValidationGh Qadir ChopanT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
789KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for unhealed woundsChronic woundsGround into paste and applied to healing wounds.Paste applicationPumbchalaRheum emodi🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedMalik, M. A., Bhat, S. A., Fatima, B. I. L. Q. U. E. E. S., Ahmad, S. B., Sidiqui, S., & Shrivastava, P. U. R. N. I. M. A. (2016). Rheum emodi as valuable medicinal plant. Int J Gen Med Pharm, 5(4), 35-44.Handoo, N., Parrah, J. D., Gayas, M. A., Bisma, S., & Mir, M. S. (2018). Effect of Rheum emodi and its extracts on wound healing: A qualitative and quantitative histological study. J Entomol Zool Stud, 6, 1592-1597.Tabin, S., Gupta, R. C., Kamili, A. N., & Parray, J. A. (2022). Medical and medicinal importance of Rheum spp. collected from different altitudes of the Kashmir Himalayan range. Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports, 2(3), 187-201.Azar AhmadT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
790KashmirAnimal HealthHerbal treatment for joint painJoint painGround into paste and applied externally to treat joint pain.Paste applicationKuthSaussurea lappa🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownCritically EndangeredTag, H. M., Khaled, H. E., Ismail, H. A., & El-Shenawy, N. S. (2016). Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of the ethanolic extract of the Saussurea lappa root (costus) on adjuvant-induced monoarthritis in rats. Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology, 27(1), 71-78.Feng, D., & Zhu, X. (2021, May). Preventive effect of Saussurea lappa extract on osteoarthritis in mice model through inhibition of NF-κB pathway. In Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics (Vol. 496, No. 1, pp. 56-61). Moscow: Pleiades Publishing.Zahara, K., Tabassum, S., Sabir, S., Arshad, M., Qureshi, R., Amjad, M. S., & Chaudhari, S. K. (2014). A review of therapeutic potential of Saussurea lappa-An endangered plant from Himalaya. Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine, 7, S60-S69.Choodej, S., Pudhom, K., & Mitsunaga, T. (2018). Inhibition of TNF-α-induced inflammation by sesquiterpene lactones from Saussurea lappa and semi-synthetic analogues. Planta medica, 84(05), 329-335.Azar AhmadT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
791KashmirAnimal HealthHerbal remedy for general weakness and back painGeneral weakness, back painTaken orally to treat general weakness and back pain in elderly individuals.Oral tonicKaw AshudGeranium wallichianum🟤 BrownLeast ConcernJabeen, Q., Haider, S. I., Asif, A., Rasheed, R., Gul, S., & Arshad, S. (2022). Geranium wallichianum D. Don Ex Sweet ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis by curtailing the expression of COX-II and inflammatory cytokines as well as by alleviating the oxidative stress. Dose-Response, 20(3), 15593258221112649.Malik, K., Ahmad, M., Zafar, M., Sultana, S., Tariq, A., & Rashid, N. (2019). Medicinal plants used for treatment of prevalent diseases in Northern Pakistan of Western Himalayas. In Medicinal Plants-use in prevention and treatment of diseases. IntechOpen.Jan, H. A., Hussain, W., Abbasi, A. M., Kunwar, R. M., Bussmann, R. W., & Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y. (2020). Geranium collinum Stephan ex Willd. Geranium nepalense Sweet Geranium wallichianum D. Don ex Sweet Geraniaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Himalayas (pp. 1-9). Cham: Springer International Publishing.Azar AhmadT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
792KashmirHuman HealthTraditional spice used to support digestionIndigestionUsed to treat internal heat in cattle.Veterinary tonicJungle pranAllium cepa var🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedBhattacharjee, S., Sultana, A., Sazzad, M. H., Islam, M. A., Ahtashom, M., & Asaduzzaman, M. (2013). Analysis of the proximate composition and energy values of two varieties of onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs of different origin: A comparative study. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2(5), 246-253.Moreno-Ortega, A., Ordóñez, J. L., Moreno-Rojas, R., Moreno-Rojas, J. M., & Pereira-Caro, G. (2021). Changes in the organosulfur and polyphenol compound profiles of black and fresh onion during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Foods, 10(2), 337.Ullah, H., Minno, A. D., Santarcangelo, C., Tantipongpiradet, A., Dacrema, M., Matteo, R. D., ... & Daglia, M. (2022). In vitro bioaccessibility and anti-inflammatory activity of a chemically characterized Allium cepa L. extract rich in quercetin derivatives optimized by the design of experiments. Molecules, 27(24), 9065.Azar AhmadT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
793KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary remedy for internal cold in cattleCold in livestockUsed to treat internal cold in cattle.Veterinary tonicDurhamaAzar AhmadT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
794KashmirHuman HealthHerbal medication for hair fall and dandruffHair fall, dandruffUsed to promote hair growth and reduce dandruff.Hair treatmentKukli -potCuscuta reflexa🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern.Patel, S., Sharma, V., Chauhan, N. S., & Dixit, V. K. (2014). A study on the extracts of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. in treatment of cyclophosphamide induced alopecia. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22(1), 7.Anjum, F., Bukhari, S. A., Shahid, M., Bokhari, T. H., & Talpur, M. M. A. (2014). Exploration of nutraceutical potential of herbal oil formulated from parasitic plant. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 11(1), 78-86.Pandit, S., Chauhan, N. S., & Dixit, V. K. (2008). Effect of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb on androgen‐induced alopecia. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 7(3), 199-204.Javeed Ahmad QuarashiT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
795KashmirAnimal HealthHerbal tonic for pregnant womenPrenatal careUsed as a post-delivery tonic for women.Postpartum tonicHaendTaraxacum officinale🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLC (Least Concern)Jan, M., Khare, R. K., & Mir, T. A. (2021). Medicinal plants used during pregnancy and childbirth in Baramulla District of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 22, 1-19.Sweeney, B., Vora, M., Ulbricht, C., & Basch, E. (2005). Evidence-based systematic review of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) by natural standard research collaboration. Journal of herbal pharmacotherapy, 5(1), 79-93.Tahtamouni, L. H., Alqurna, N. M., Al-Hudhud, M. Y., & Al-Hajj, H. A. (2011). Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) decreases male rat fertility in vivo. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 135(1), 102-109.Javeed Ahmad QuarashiT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
796KashmirAnimal HealthHerbal remedy for coldness in animalsCold in livestockDecoction is given to animals to treat coldness.Veterinary decoctionRatan JotGeranium pretense L🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNear ThreatenedJaveed Ahmad QuarashiT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
797KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for abdominal swelling in animalsAbdominal swelling (veterinary)Decoction is administered to treat abdominal swelling and cramps.DecoctionTethwanArtemisia absinthium🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC).Beigh, Y. A., & Ganai, A. M. (2017). Potential of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium Linn.) herb for use as additive in livestock feeding: A review. The pharma innovation, 6(8, Part C), 176.Boeing, T., de Souza, J., da Silva, R. D. C. V., Mariano, L. N. B., da Silva, L. M., Gerhardt, G. M., ... & de Souza, P. (2023). Gastroprotective effect of Artemisia absinthium L.: A medicinal plant used in the treatment of digestive disorders. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 312, 116488.Kauser, S., Mughees, M., Swami, S., & Wajid, S. (2023). Pre-clinical toxicity assessment of Artemisia absinthium extract-loaded polymeric nanoparticles associated with their oral administration. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 14, 1196842.Javeed Ahmad QuarashiT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
798KashmirHuman HealthHerbal paste for boils and wound cleansingBoils, skin woundsPowder mixed with a little oil and water is applied to painful boils and wounds to clear impurities.Paste applicationPambchalanRheum emodi Wall🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownEndangeredTabin, S., Gupta, R. C., Kamili, A. N., & Parray, J. A. (2022). Medical and medicinal importance of Rheum spp. collected from different altitudes of the Kashmir Himalayan range. Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports, 2(3), 187-201.Tabin, S., Gupta, R. C., & Kamili, A. N. Analysis Of Anthraquinones Present In Wild Rheum Species Found On Different High Altitudes Of Kashmir Himalayan Range.Ab Rasheed WaniT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
799KashmirHuman HealthGull leaves and seeds used for urinary and liver disordersUrinary infection, liver disorderCooked leaves are used for treating urinary infection; seeds are used to treat liver disorders.Cooked remedyGullplantago lanceolata🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC).Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Bussmann, R. W., Kikvidze, Z., & Khojimatov, O. K. (2024). Plantago lanceolata L. Plantago major L. Plantago media L. Plantaginaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Eastern Europe: Carpathians (pp. 1-23). Cham: Springer International Publishing.Zangana, M., & Jamal, A. (2021). In Vivo Treatment of Giardia lamblia by Plantago lanceolata L. extract and Investigation some Serological Parameters and Histopathological Changes. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 15(2).Mohammad, A. J. (2012). Study the therapeutic role of Alcoholic Extract of Plantago lanceolata aganist infection with Staphylococcus saprophyticus: Hassan A. Abdul–Ratha¹ and Aseel J. Mohammad². The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 36(0E), 8-15.Nisar ah shahT.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri BaramullahWagooraBaramullah
800KashmirHuman HealthHerbal medication for boils, burns, and scarsBoils, burns, scarsLeaves and resin of Kairu are made into a paste with milk cream and applied to boils, burns, and scars.Paste applicationKairuPinus wallichiana🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern.Heinrich, M., Jiang, H., Scotti, F., Booker, A., Walt, H., Weckerle, C., & Maake, C. (2021). Medicinal plants from the Himalayan region for potential novel antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory skin treatments. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 73(7), 956-967.Kaushik, P., Kaushik, D., & Khokra, S. L. (2013). Ethnobotany and phytopharmacology of Pinus roxburghii Sargent: a plant review. Journal of integrative medicine, 11(6), 371-376.Javed, B., Seerat, W., Sarwer, A., & Mashwani, Z. U. R. (2020). Ethnopharmacological approaches of the native hill people of Murree and Kotli Sattian, District Rawalpindi, Province of Punjab, Pakistan. Botany Letters, 167(4), 485-501.WagooraBaramullah
801KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for digestive problemsIndigestionUsed to treat digestive disorders.Oral remedyKasini HandhWild EndiveCichorium intybus L🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernJanda, K., Gutowska, I., Geszke-Moritz, M., & Jakubczyk, K. (2021). The common cichory (Cichorium intybus L.) as a source of extracts with health-promoting properties—a review. Molecules, 26(6), 1814.Naveed, M. T. (2017). Chicory (Cichorium intybus) herb: Chemical composition, pharmacology, nutritional and healthical applications. International Journal of Pharmacology.Al-Snafi, A. E. (2016). Medical importance of Cichorium intybus–A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 6(3), 41-56.Zaman, R., & Basar, S. N. (2013). A review article of Beekhe Kasni (Cichorium intybus) its traditional uses and pharmacological actions. Res J Pharm Sci, 2319, 555X.WagooraBaramullah
802KashmirHuman HealthHerbal tonic for liver healthLiver disordersUsed as a liver tonic.Oral tonickasini HandhWild EndiveCichorium intybus L🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernNaveed, M. T. (2017). Chicory (Cichorium intybus) herb: Chemical composition, pharmacology, nutritional and healthical applications. International Journal of Pharmacology.Elgengaihi, S., Mossa, A. T. H., Refaie, A. A., & Aboubaker, D. (2016). Hepatoprotective efficacy of Cichorium intybus L. extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats. Journal of dietary supplements, 13(5), 570-584.Li, G. Y., Gao, H. Y., Huang, J., Lu, J., Gu, J. K., & Wang, J. H. (2014). Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus L., a traditional Uighur medicine, against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG, 20(16), 4753.WagooraBaramullah
803KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for postpartum recoveryPostnatal recoveryUsed to treat kidney disorders and improve postnatal recovery in women.Oral tonicwappal haakhHimalayan TeaselDipsacus Inermis🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brownnot evaluatedJan, M., Mir, T. A., Jan, H. A., Bussmann, R. W., & Aneaus, S. (2023). Ethnomedicinal study of plants utilized in pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum healthcare in Kashmir Himalaya. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 42, 100767.Singh, B. P., Devashree, Y., Sharna, V., & Manhas, R. K. (2023). Diversity of wild edible plants and fungi consumed by semi-nomadic Gaddi and Sippi tribes in Doda district of Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 25, 1-33.WagooraBaramullah
804KashmirHuman HealthRoot paste for healing boilsBoils, skin infectionFresh roots are ground into paste and applied to boils and wounds.Pumba chalanHimalayan RhubarbRheum emodi Wall🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownVulnerableHandoo, N., Parrah, J. D., Athar, H., Abrar Gayas, M., Imtiyaz, T., & Bisma, S. (2018). Wound healing and anti-bacterial efficacy of Rheum emodi and its different extracts on excisional wounds in rabbits. J Entomol Zoology Stud, 6, 1204-1213.Malik, M. A., Bhat, S. A., Fatima, B. I. L. Q. U. E. E. S., Ahmad, S. B., Sidiqui, S., & Shrivastava, P. U. R. N. I. M. A. (2016). Rheum emodi as valuable medicinal plant. Int J Gen Med Pharm, 5(4), 35-44.Tabin, S., Gupta, R. C., Kamili, A. N., & Parray, J. A. (2022). Medical and medicinal importance of Rheum spp. collected from different altitudes of the Kashmir Himalayan range. Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports, 2(3), 187-201.Tabin, S., Gupta, R. C., & Kamili, A. N. Analysis Of Anthraquinones Present In Wild Rheum Species Found On Different High Altitudes Of Kashmir Himalayan Range.WagooraBaramullah
805KashmirHuman HealthHerbal application for dandruff and lice removalDandruff, liceUsed to treat hair fall, dandruff, and to remove external pests (lice).ZovnureWagooraBaramullah
806KashmirHuman HealthHerbal medication for stomach pain and infectionsStomach pain, infectionsPowdered and taken with water to treat abdominal and stomach pain, and infections.PatreesIndian AconiteAconitum heterophyllum🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownEndangered (EN)Talreja, S., & Tiwari, S. (2023). A comprehensive review of Aconitum heterophyllum. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences, 8(10), 195-201.Prasad, S. K., Jain, D., Patel, D. K., Sahu, A. N., & Hemalatha, S. (2014). Antisecretory and antimotility activity of Aconitum heterophyllum and its significance in treatment of diarrhea. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 46(1), 82-87.Ali, S., Chouhan, R., Sultan, P., Hassan, Q. P., & Gandhi, S. G. (2023). A comprehensive review of phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of the genus Aconitum L. Advances in Traditional Medicine, 23(2), 299-320.WagooraBaramullah
807KashmirHuman HealthHerbal bath solution for skin ailmentsSkin infection/inflammationBoiled in water; the decoction is used as a bath for skin conditions.Thulbabil/ BobulBabunaCotula anthemoides L🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedLone, P. A., & Rather, G. H. (2020). Documentation of traditional knowledge related to medicinal plants used against skin disorders from Bandipora district, northern part of Jammu & Kashmir, India. Journal of Traditional and Folk Practices (JTFP), 8(2).Mahato, G., Mahato, R. K., & Hansda, B. (2023). Analysis of Phytoconstituents, Antioxidant and Anti-bacterial Properties of an Ethnobotanical Herb Cotula anthemoides L. Occurring in Purulia District of West Bengal, India. Pharmacognosy Research, 16(1).GH qadir chopanTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
808KashmirHuman HealthToothache remedy using seedsToothacheGround and formed into a ball with water; applied to affected area (e.g., dental issues).DaturThorn appleDatura stramonium🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brownleast concernGaire, B. P., & Subedi, L. (2013). A review on the pharmacological and toxicological aspects of Datura stramonium L. Journal of integrative medicine, 11(2), 73-79.Megersa, M., Jima, T. T., & Goro, K. K. (2019). The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of toothache in Ethiopia. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019(1), 2645174.Soni, P., Siddiqui, A. A., Dwivedi, J., & Soni, V. (2012). Pharmacological properties of Datura stramonium L. as a potential medicinal tree: an overview. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2(12), 1002-1008.GH qadir chopanTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
809KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle fodderLivestock nutritionUsed fresh or made into hay.DramunBermuda grassCynodon dactylon🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedHardin, A. C., Goetsch, A. L., Landis, K. M., Murphy, G. E., Johnson, Z. B., & Hall, K. L. (1989). Intake, digestion and daily gain by cattle consuming bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and supplemented with different combinations of ground corn, vegetable oil, urea, and corn gluten and blood meals. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 25(1-2), 99-110.Ramírez, R. G., González-Rodríguez, H., & García-Dessommes, G. (2003). Nutrient digestion of common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) Pers growing in northeastern Mexico. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 23(1), 93-102.Silva, J. C. D., Véras, A. C., Carvalho, F. R. D., Ferreira, M. A., Souza, E. O. D., Barreto, L. G., ... & Silva, J. V. D. (2017). Nutritional value, performance, feeding behavior and serum biochemical profile of sheep fed with alfalfa hay replacing Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) hay. Chilean journal of agricultural research, 77(4), 340-345.GH qadir chopanTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
810KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Boosts milk yieldMilk production in cattleUsed as fresh green fodder.DadijeMilk Thistlelactuca serriola🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernAbdul-Jalil, T. Z. (2020). Lactuca serriola: Short review of its phytochemical and pharmacological profiles. Intl. J. Drug Deliv. Technol, 10(3), 505-508QUAIL, W. T. J. EFFECT OF FREE CHOICE FEEDING BASED ON EMMER, TRITICALE. SCIENTIFIC PAPERS, 113.GH qadir chopanTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
811KashmirAnimal HealthHighly nutritious herbal animal feedLivestock nutritionUsed as animal fodder.Mohar MunjWild Carrotdaucus carota🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Surbhi, S., Verma, R. C., Deepak, R., Jain, H. K., & Yadav, K. K. (2018). A review: Food, chemical composition and utilization of carrot (Daucus carota L.) pomace. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 6(3), 2921-2926.Nuriyasa, I. M., Puspani, E., & Yupardhi, W. S. (2018). Performance and carcass of local rabbit (Lepus nigricollis) fed concentrate on different levels based on carrot leaf waste (Daucus carota L.). International journal of life sciences, 2(3), 13-19.GH qadir chopanTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
812KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach cleansingDigestive detoxJuice extracted from crushed fresh leaves is diluted in water and consumed.TathwainWormwoodArtemisia absinthium🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC).Boeing, T., de Souza, J., da Silva, R. D. C. V., Mariano, L. N. B., da Silva, L. M., Gerhardt, G. M., ... & de Souza, P. (2023). Gastroprotective effect of Artemisia absinthium L.: A medicinal plant used in the treatment of digestive disorders. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 312, 116488.Pazhouh, H. K., Hamedi, S., Hosseini, S. M. A. R., Taghipour, A., Javadi, B., & Noras, M. (2020). Gastrointestinal effects of Artemisia absinthium Linn. based on traditional Persian medicine and new studies. Traditional Medicine Research, 5(6), 498-506.Szopa, A., Pajor, J., Klin, P., Rzepiela, A., Elansary, H. O., Al-Mana, F. A., ... & Ekiert, H. (2020). Artemisia absinthium L.—Importance in the history of medicine, the latest advances in phytochemistry and therapeutical, cosmetological and culinary uses. Plants, 9(9), 1063.GH qadir chopanTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
813KashmirAnimal HealthAnimal fodder that increases milk productionMilk yield in livestockUsed as roughage for cattle.Haath Moolcommon vervainVerbena officinalis L🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernNo Scientific ValidationGH qadir chopanTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
814KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Fodder for livestockLivestock feedMade into hay or grass blocks for cattle feed.Baad Gulbroadleaf plantainPlantago major L🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Al-Marashdeh, O., Cameron, K., Hodge, S., Gregorini, P., & Edwards, G. (2021). Integrating plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) into New Zealand grazing dairy system: The effect on farm productivity, profitability, and nitrogen losses. Animals, 11(2), 376.GH qadir chopanTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
815KashmirHuman HealthHerbal tonic to reduce weaknessGeneral weaknessConsumed ripe or prepared as jam.Wild strawberryWild strawberryFragaria nubicola (Rosaceae)🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedAhmed, M., Bose, I., Goksen, G., & Roy, S. (2023). Himalayan Sources of Anthocyanins and Its Multifunctional Applications: A Review. Foods 2023, 12, 2203.GH qadir chopanTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
816KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for respiratory conditionsRespiratory tract infectionDecoction is given orally.ShallutAsthmaweedConyza bonariensis🟤 BrownNot Evaluatedde Paula, C. C., Martins, D. T. D. O., Arunachalam, K., Balogun, S. O., Borges, Q. I., Picone, M. G., ... & da Silva Prado, R. M. (2018). Antimicrobial screening of medicinal plants popularly used in Mato Grosso for treating infections: advances on the evaluation of Conyza bonariensis (L.) cronquist in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities. Pharmacognosy Journal, 10(6s).Mpenda, F. N., Nsindagi, S. P., & Mpinda, C. B. (2023). Chemical profiling and antimicrobial potential of crude extract and essential oil from Conyza bonariensis leaves. Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences, 4(03), 136-150.GH qadir chopanTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
817KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for anemiaAnaemiaConsumed ripe or prepared as squash or jam.Chanchthornless blackberryRubus ulmifolius🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNear Threatened.Mehiou, A., Dib, I., Berraaouan, A., Ziyyat, A., Elachouri, M., & Bussmann, R. W. (2024). Rubus idaeus L. Rubus ulmifolius Schott. Rubus vulgaris Weihe & Nees Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of Northern Africa and Levant (pp. 1811-1825). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.GH qadir chopanTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
818KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for mouth ulcersMouth ulcersPaste is applied around the affected area.Kamaiblack nightshadeSolanum migrum🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC).Nyeem, M., Rashid, A., Nowrose, M., & Hossain, M. (2017). Solanum nigrum (Maku): A review of pharmacological activities and clinical effects. International journal of applied research, 3, 12-17.GH qadir chopanTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
819KashmirAnimal HealthHerbal animal feed for reducing weaknessLivestock weaknessEaten ripe.AnjeerFigFicus carica🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern.Ewegbemi, O., Osowe, C., Olajide, O., Adu, O., & Chineke, C. (2024). PROXIMATE AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF FICUS SPECIES COMPOSITE LEAF POWDER. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production. https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.vi.7066.GH qadir chopanTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
820KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for chest congestionChest congestionDecoction is given orally.ZarkashDescuraina Millefolia⚫ Blacknot evaluatedNo Scientific ValidationGH qadir chopanTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
821KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for mouth ulcersMouth ulcersPaste is applied externally on affected areas.CxukchineErect Prickly PearOxalis Stricta🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC).Zeytinoğlu, M., Çınaroğlu, O., Bora, E., & Erbaş, O. (2025). Healing with Love: Oxytocin Accelerates Oral Ulcer Recovery by Reducing Inflammation. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14082667.GH qadir chopanTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
822KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for physical injuriesInjuryPaste is applied to injury-prone areas.Kalvlothcommon self-heal, heal-all, woundwortPrunella valgaris🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC).Zhao, Z., Li, X., Zha, Z., Cui, B., & Li, Y. (2021). A Clinical Observation and Study on Prunella Vulgaris Decoction in Promoting the Repair of Chronic Infective Refractory Wounds. , 10, 10-14. https://doi.org/10.18686/AEM.V10I3.199.mohd assadulla shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
823KashmirHuman HealthHerball medication for skin careSkincareGround with water; the solution is applied to the affected skin.Cxeer KulCommon CockleburXanthium strumarium🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Zhao, Z., Han, S., Feng, W., Zhang, Z., Shen, S., Huang, H., & Wu, J. (2025). Xanthium strumarium/gelatin methacryloyl based hydrogels with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties for diabetic wound healing via akt/mtor pathway.. International journal of biological macromolecules, 140186 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140186.mohd assadulla shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
824KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for menstrual healthMenstrual disorderPrepared as herbal tea (boiled in water), consumed without milk.Kahaw ghassWhite Dead NettleLamium album🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC).Kelayeh, T. P. S., Abedinzade, M., & Ghorbani, A. (2019). A review on biological effects of Lamium album (white dead nettle) and its components. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 8(3), 185-193.mohd assadulla shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
825KashmirHuman HealthHerbal preparation used as tonicGeneral wellnessBoiled and consumed.Bagle dalBroad BeanVicia faba🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern.Ogbole, O. O., Akin-Ajani, O. D., Ajala, T. O., Ogunniyi, Q. A., Fettke, J., & Odeku, O. A. (2023). Nutritional and pharmacological potentials of orphan legumes: Subfamily faboideae. Heliyon, 9(4).mohd assadulla shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
826KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Animal fodderLivestock feedConsumed raw.Drub GhasesCommon Lawn GrassCynodon dactylon🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Packialakshmi, M., Divya, M., Baranidharan, K., Geetha, S., Ganesan, K., Vijayabhama, M., Manivasakan, S., Hemalatha, P., Radha, P., Tilak, M., Priyanka, V., Krishnamoorthi, S., Vinothini, B., Zende, J., & Rajput, N. (2022). Exploring the Nutritional Potential of Wild Grass Fodder for Mega Herbivore (Elephas maximus) in the Foothills of Western Ghats. Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192668.mohd assadulla shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
827KashmirAnimal HealthAnimal fodderLivestock feedUsed as fresh or dried fodder for cattle.Batak LyuntRed CloverTrifolium pratense🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernZgórka, G., & Maciejewska-Turska, M. (2021). Cultivation and Utilization of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Sustainable Development and Biodiversity. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74779-4_10.mohd assadulla shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
828KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for fatigue and depressionFatigue, depressionGiven raw.Gand SoyCatnipNepeta cataria L.🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern.Bernardi, M., Bernardi, M., Kirsten, T., Salzgeber, S., Ricci, E., Romoff, P., Lago, J., & Lourenço, L. (2010). Antidepressant-like effects of an apolar extract and chow enriched with Nepeta cataria (catnip) in mice. Psychology and Neuroscience, 3, 251-258. https://doi.org/10.3922/J.PSNS.2010.2.015.mohd assadulla shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
829KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for cancer treatmentCancer supportPrepared as an edible vegetable.TsochalCommon MallowMalva neglecta L🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernArslan, İ., Kaya, Ö., & Çeli̇k, T. (2023). PHYTOCHEMICALANALYSIS OF ACTIVE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN SOME PLANTS USED AS TRADITIONAL FOLK DRUGS FOR CANCER AND LITERATURE REVIEW OF THEIR ANTI-CANCER EFFECTS. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2106_59015914.mohd assadulla shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
830KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for indigestionIndigestionCooked and consumed as vegetables.Bari KulBasilOcimum Basilicus🟤 BrownLeast ConcernBhat, G., Majeed, H., Islam, M., Rather, T., Bakshi, M., Shahkhan, F., & Bhat, R. (2020). Indigenous medicinal practices of Ocimum basilicum L. in rural Kashmir. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9, 1876-1881.mohd assadulla shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
831KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for chest infectionsChest infectionDecoction is given for therapeutic use.Kecx KulHimalayan IndigoIndigofera heterantha🟤 BrownLeast ConcernNot scientific validationmohd assadulla shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
832KashmirHuman HealthHerbal Teaantioxidant teaPrepared as green tea.Bhang KulMarijuanaCannabis Sativa Indica🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Hazekamp, A., Bastola, K., Rashidi, H., Bender, J., & Verpoorte, R. (2007). Cannabis tea revisited: a systematic evaluation of the cannabinoid composition of cannabis tea. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 113(1), 85-90.mohd assadulla shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
833KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Animal fodderLivestock feedConsumed raw.DurhamwitchgrassPanicum Capillare⚫ BlackNot Evaluated (NE)Aganga, A. A., & Tshwenyane, S. (2004). Potentials of guinea grass (Panicum maximum) as forage crop in livestock production. Pakistan journal of nutrition, 3(1), 1-4.mohd assadulla shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
834KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for digestive disordersDigestive issuesUsed as vegetables.KunnKashmir ElderSambucus Wightiana⚫ BlackLeast Concern (LC)Chashoo, I. A., Wani, S. U. D., Raja, W. Y., Bhat, Z. A., Ali, M., Alshehri, S., ... & Shakeel, F. (2023). Physicochemical characterization, phytochemical analysis, and pharmacological evaluation of Sambucus wightiana. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 16(10), 105170.Khuda, F., Haq, Z. U., Ilahi, I., Ullah, R., Khan, A., Fouad, H., ... & Batiha, G. E. S. (2021). Synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Sambucus wightiana extract and investigation of its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and analgesic activities. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 14(10), 103343.mohd assadulla shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
835Kashmirindustrail aplicabityTraditional dye for wood and fabricsNon-medicinal (dye use)Boiled in water; concentrated solution is used as natural dye.Phak GhassStinking ChamomileAnthemis cotula L.🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Mia, R., Bakar, M., Islam, M., & Ahmed, T. (2023). Eco-friendly coloration from mahogany wood waste for sustainable dyeing of organic nonwoven cotton fabric. Results in Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101032.Risnasari, I., Fachrudin, K., Sitinjak, R., Rangkuti, F., & Handoyo, A. (2025). Potential of Malacca (Phyllanthus emblica L.) wood extracts as natural dyes for textiles. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1445. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1445/1/012039.mohd assadulla shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
836KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for knee pain and weaknessJoint pain, weaknessBoiled and made into paste for topical application.HandDandelionTaraxacum officinale🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Martínez, M., Poirrier, P., Chamy, R., Prüfer, D., Schulze-Gronover, C., Jorquera, L., & Ruiz, G. (2015). Taraxacum officinale and related species-An ethnopharmacological review and its potential as a commercial medicinal plant.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 169, 244-62 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.067.Hao, F., Deng, X., Yu, X., Wang, W., Yan, W., Zhao, X., Wang, X., Bai, C., Wang, Z., & Han, L. (2024). Taraxacum: A Review of Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activity.. The American journal of Chinese medicine, 1-33 . https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X24500083.posha begumTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
837KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Animal feedLivestock nutritionConsumed raw.MazanSummer CypressBassia Scoparia🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)
Oliveira, M., Hoste, H., & Custódio, L. (2020). A systematic review on the ethnoveterinary uses of Mediterranean salt-tolerant plants: exploring its potential use as fodder, nutraceuticals or phytotherapeutics in ruminant production.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 113464 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113464.posha begumTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
838KashmirHuman HealthHerbal preparation used as tonicGeneral tonicTaken in the form of juice.Mishri GrassSweet CherryPrunus Avium🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Hussain, S., Javed, M., Abid, M. A., Khan, M. A., Syed, S. K., Faizan, M., & Feroz, F. (2021). Prunus avium L.; Phytochemistry, nutritional and pharmacological review. Advancements in Life Sciences, 8(4), 307-314.Bussmann, R. W., Batsatsashvili, K., Kikvidze, Z., Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Khutsishvili, M., Maisaia, I., ... & Tchelidze, D. (2020). Prunus avium (L.) L. Prunus cerasus L. Prunus divaricata Ledeb. Prunus domestica L. Prunus insititia L. Prunus laurocerasus L. Prunus padus L. Prunus vachuschtii Bregadze Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Far Eastern Europe: Ural, Northern Caucasus, Turkey, and Iran (pp. 1-17). Cham: Springer International Publishing.posha begumTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
839KashmirHuman HealthtonicGeneral tonicTaken in the form of juice.Ganhargreen amaranthAmaranthaceae🟤 BrownNot Applicable (N/A)Mroczek, A. (2015). Phytochemistry and bioactivity of triterpene saponins from Amaranthaceae family. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(4), 577-605.posha begumTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
840KashmirHuman HealthHair care treatment to reduce hair fallHair fallDried, powdered, and added to hair oil to treat dandruff or hair issues.Kukli portCuscuta reflexaCuscuta reflexa🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Pandit, S., Chauhan, N. S., & Dixit, V. K. (2008). Effect of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb on androgen‐induced alopecia. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 7(3), 199-204.Patel, S., Sharma, V., Chauhan, N. S., & Dixit, V. K. (2014). A study on the extracts of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. in treatment of cyclophosphamide induced alopecia. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22(1), 7.Patel, S., Sharma, V., S. Chauhan, N., Thakur, M., & Dixit, V. K. (2015). Hair growth: focus on herbal therapeutic agent. Current drug discovery technologies, 12(1), 21-42.Patel, S., Sharma, V., Chauhan, N. S., & Dixit, V. K. (2014). A study on the extracts of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. in treatment of cyclophosphamide induced alopecia. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22(1), 7.posha BegumTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
841KashmirHuman HealthHerbal energy boosterWeakness, fatigueLeaves of meethi are boiled and ground into paste for application.MethiFenugreekTrigonella Foenum Graecum🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Park, J. H., & Kim, I. H. (2015). Interactive effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed extract supplementation and dietary metabolisable energy levels on the growth performance, total tract digestibility, blood profiles, and excreta gas emission in broiler chickens. Animal Production Science, 56(10), 1677-1682.Yadav, U. C., & Baquer, N. Z. (2014). Pharmacological effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. in health and disease. Pharmaceutical biology, 52(2), 243-254.posha begumTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
842KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for hair fallHair fallBoiled in water or its juice is added to oil and applied externally.PranOnionAllium cepa var. proliferum🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Upadhyay, R. K. (2016). Nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and therapeutic uses of Allium cepa: A review. International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP), 10(1).mehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
843KashmirHuman HealthAnaemia remedy that also reduces weaknessAnaemia, weaknessRipe fruits are eaten directly.Kashmiri PomegranatePomegranatePunica granatum🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Urbaniak, A., Basta, P., Ast, K., Wołoszyn, A., Kuriańska–Wołoszyn, J., Latour, E., & Skarpańska–Stejnborn, A. (2018). The impact of supplementation with pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) juice on selected antioxidant parameters and markers of iron metabolism in rowers. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15(1), 35.Hafiz, T. A., Mubaraki, M. A., Al-Quraishy, S., & Dkhil, M. A. (2016). The potential role of Punica granatum treatment on murine malaria-induced hepatic injury and oxidative stress. Parasitology research, 115(4), 1427-1433.mehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
844KashmirHuman HealthIron-rich vegetable for pregnant womenAnaemia (prenatal)Given as cooked vegetables to pregnant women to treat low iron levels.Wast HakRedroot PigweedAmaranthus dubius🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Nyonje, W. A. (2022). Phenotypic based characterization of nutritional and bioactive traits of amaranth vegetable for improved iron bioavailability and acceptability (Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT-AGRICULTURE).Macharia-Mutie, C. W. (2012). Efficacy of amaranth grain (Amaranthus cruentus) on anaemia and iron deficiency in Kenyan pre-school children. Wageningen University and Research.Ruth, O. N., Unathi, K., Nomali, N., & Chinsamy, M. (2021). Underutilization versus nutritional-nutraceutical potential of the Amaranthus food plant: a mini-review. Applied Sciences, 11(15), 6879.mehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
845KashmirHuman HealthHerbal Teareduce stress.Used in tea to reduce stress.Gulal KulCommon PoppyPapaver Rhoeas L🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Hmamou, A., El-Assri, E. M., El Khomsi, M., Kara, M., Alshawwa, S. Z., Al Kamaly, O., ... & Lahkimi, A. (2023). Papaver rhoeas L. stem and flower extracts: Anti-struvite, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antidepressant activities. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 31(8), 101686.Kim, H., Han, S., Song, K., Lee, M. Y., Park, B., Ha, I. J., & Lee, S. G. (2021). Ethyl acetate fractions of Papaver rhoeas L. and Papaver nudicaule L. exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Antioxidants, 10(12), 1895.Hmamou, A., El Khomsi, M., El-Assri, E. M., Kara, M., El Ouadrhiri, F., Bendaoud, A., ... & Lahkimi, A. (2024). Chemical characterization, anti-struvite crystal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antidepressant activities of Papaver rhoeas L. root and leaf extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 319, 117208.mehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
846KashmirMedicinal uses not specifiedNot documentedGround into a paste and applied.Tiptas KulSmall balsamImpatiens parriflora⚫ BlackNot Evaluated (NE)mehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
847KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for toothacheToothacheUsed to make miswak for brushing teeth.Kreel WeerwillowSalix alba var🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Radvar, M., Moeintaghavi, A., Tafaghodi, M., Ghanbari, H., Fatemi, K., Mokhtari, M. R., ... & Farazi, F. (2016). Clinical efficacy of an herbal mouth wash composed of Salix alba, Malva sylvestrais and Althaea officinalis in chronic periodontitis patients. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 6(1), 24-27.Suman, R., & Dhatwalia, S. K. (2024). A comprehensive systematic review of plant species utilized for dental care management in Himachal Pradesh, India. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 28, 1-22.mehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
848KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary use: Cattle feedLivestock nutritionConsumed raw.Hoone WiskBarley BromeBromus Hordeaceus⚫ BlackNot Evaluated (NE)Scholz, H. (2008). Some comments on the genus Bromus (Poaceae) and three new species. Willdenowia, 38(2), 411-422.mehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
849KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for skin rednessSkin irritationUsed topically in the form of paste.Cxari SabanScarlet PimpernelAnagallis arvensis🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)
Saleem, H., Zengin, G., Locatelli, M., Abidin, S. A. Z., & Ahemad, N. (2022). Investigation of phytochemical composition and enzyme inhibitory potential of Anagallis arvensis L. Natural Product Research, 36(14), 3750-3755.Cavero, R. Y., Akerreta, S., & Calvo, M. I. (2013). Medicinal plants used for dermatological affections in Navarra and their pharmacological validation. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 149(2), 533-542.mehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
850KashmirHuman HealthHerbal medication for urinary infection treatmentUrinary tract infectionAdministered as decoction.ShipatterGoose GrassGalium Triflorum⚫ BlackLeast Concern (LC)mehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
851KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for indigestionIndigestionGiven as decoction for internal use.Mahare ghassHordeum Pusillum🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)mehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
852KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy used as general tonicGeneral weaknessGround with honey to form a jelly-like mixture; given by spoon daily.Kaind KulDog RoseRosa Canina🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Negrean, O., Fǎrcaş, A., Nemeș, S., Cic, D., & Socaci, S. (2024). Recent advances and insights into the bioactive properties and applications of Rosa canina L. and its by-products. Heliyon, 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30816.Khazaei, M., Khazaei, M., & Pazhouhi, M. (2020). AN OVERVIEW OF THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALS OF ROSA CANINA : A TRADITIONALLY VALUABLE HERB. .Marković, M., Pljevljakušić, D., Nikolić, B., & Rakonjac, L. (2020). Application of dog rose (Rosa canina L.) in ethnomedicine of the Pirot County. , 1-16. https://doi.org/10.5937/pirotzbor2045001m.mehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
853KashmirHuman HealthTonic decoction for digestive reliefDigestive issuesJuice/decoction is given orally.RingHowthorn berriesCrataegus oxyacantha🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Mecheri, A., Benabderrahmane, W., Amrani, A., Boubekri, N., Benayache, F., Benayache, S., & Zama, D. (2019). Hepatoprotective Effects of Algerian Crataegus oxyacantha Leaves.. Recent patents on food, nutrition & agriculture, 10 1, 70-75 . https://doi.org/10.2174/2212798410666180730095456.Kashyap, C. P., Arya, V., & Thakur, N. (2012). Ethnomedicinal and phytopharmacological potential of Crataegus oxyacantha Linn.–A review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(2), S1194-S1199.mehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
854KashmirHuman HealthSkin care and tonic useSkin care, general wellnessPaste is massaged onto face.Jungle gulab safaidDog rose/rosehipRosa canina🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Ahmad, N., & Anwar, F. (2016). Rose hip (Rosa canina L.) oils. In Essential oils in food preservation, flavor and safety (pp. 667-675). Academic Press.Johnson, W., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Heldreth, B. (2022). Safety assessment of Rosa canina-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 41(1_suppl), 44S-60S.mehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
855KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for diarrhea and crampsDiarrhoea, abdominal crampsGround into juice and given orally.Kaavdashberberis lycium🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Muhammad Shafeeq-ur-Rahaman, M. S. U. R., Chaudhary, M. A., Bashir Ahmad, B. A., & Alamgeer Alamgeer, A. A. (2013). Rationalization of traditional uses of Berberis lycium in gastrointestinal disorders.Gilani, S. A., Khan, A. M., Qureshi, R. A., Sherwani, S. K., Ullah Khan, R., & Bokhari, T. Z. (2014). Ethnomedicinal treatment of common gastrointestinal disorders by indigenous people in Pakistan. Adv Biores, 5, 42-49.mehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
856KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for coughCoughThin slices are sun-dried for winter use.BamchoonthQuince appleCydonia oblonga🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Fazeenah, A. A., & Quamri, M. A. (2016). Behidana (Cydonia oblonga Miller)—a review. World J Pharm Res, 5(11), 79-91.Al-Snafi, A. E. (2016). The medical importance of Cydonia oblonga-A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 6(6), 87-99.Khoubnasabjafari, M., & Jouyban, A. (2011). A review of phytochemistry and bioactivity of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(16), 3577-3594.mehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
857KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for indigestionIndigestionFresh fruits are juiced and consumed.Kecham trailCrab appleMalus sylvestris🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownData Deficient (DD)Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Bussmann, R. W., & Kikvidze, Z. (2025). Malus baccata Loisel Malus domestica Borkh Malus sylvestris (L.) Miller Malus sieversii M. Roem. Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Eastern Europe: Carpathians (pp. 1665-1682). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.Bhat, R., Mestha, S., Nagesh, S., Shanbhag, P., Veigas, G., & Kumar, R. (2022). An investigation of ant-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Malus sylvestris fruits in experimental animals. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 9, 606-610.mehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
858KashmirHuman HealthSpice-based herbal remedy with milk for digestionIndigestionGround into powder and used as spice or tonic with milk.Jungli HaldiWild TurmericCurcuma aromatica🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Li, Y., Wo, J. M., Liu, Q., Li, X., & Martin, R. C. (2009). Chemoprotective effects of Curcuma aromatica on esophageal carcinogenesis. Annals of surgical oncology, 16(2), 515-523.Sharangi, A. B., & Das, S. (2022). Healing indigestion: A phytotherapeutic review. Advances in Traditional Medicine, 22(3), 437-453.mehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
859KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for kidney and stone painKidney stonesPowdered and taken with water.Mushk BalaSmooth CatmintNepeta laevigata⚫ BlackNot Evaluated (NE)Ballabh, B., Chaurasia, O. P., Ahmed, Z., & Singh, S. B. (2008). Traditional medicinal plants of cold desert Ladakh—used against kidney and urinary disorders. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 118(2), 331-339mehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
860KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for coughCoughRoots of musloon are ground into paste for application.Musloon RootsBistorta amplexicaulis🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Batool, S., Asad, M. J., Arshad, M., Saleem, R. S. Z., & Ahmad, M. S. (2021). The supremacy of synergism: a comparison of anticancer activity of rhizome extract of bistorta amplexicaulis and gallic acid in cancer cell lines and primary cells. Current Nutraceuticals, 2(1), 21-26.Fayaz, M., Singh, S., Bhat, I. A., Bhat, M. H., Khanday, F. A., & Dar, A. A. (2025). Efficient Micropropagation of Bistorta amplexicaulis (D. Don) Greene: An Important Medicinal Plant of Western Himalaya. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2025(1), 4457383.Fatima begumTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
861KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for back painBack painMade into a paste with boiling water for external application.Ratan JootMeadow GeraniumGeranium pratense L🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Küpeli, E., Tatli, I. I., Akdemir, Z. S., & Yesilada, E. (2007). Estimation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity on Geranium pratense subsp. finitimum and its phenolic compounds. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 114(2), 234-240.mehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
862KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach and sugar problemsIndigestion, diabetesMake Paste of patrees roots add in boil water and usePatreesGreenish Himalayan MonkshoodAconitum heterophyllum🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownEndangered (EN)
Zishan, A., & Shreekar, P. (2021). Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle; an endemic, highly medicinal and critically endangered plant species of Northwestern Himalaya in peril. Current Traditional Medicine. https://doi.org/10.2174/2215083807666210924162204.Prasad, S., Jain, D., Patel, D., Sahu, A., & Hemalatha, S. (2014). Antisecretory and antimotility activity of Aconitum heterophyllum and its significance in treatment of diarrhea. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 46, 82 - 87. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.125182.Kour, G., Chaubey, S., Singh, D., & Mishra, R. (2021). ATIVISA (ACONITUM HETEROPHYLLUM WALL EX. ROYLE): A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON PROPAGATION, TRADITIONAL USES AND PHARMACOLOGY. AYUSHDHARA. https://doi.org/10.47070/ayushdhara.v8i2.714.mehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
863KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for black coughWhooping coughBurnt and ground into small pieces for use.BanhotaFatima begumTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
864KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for diabetic-related discomfortDiabetic neuropathyPicked and made into paste; boiled in water and used in rice.Khori Jodi Rootposha begumTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
865KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach pain and headacheStomach pain, headacheRoots of choro are powdered and heated in oil for application.ChoroGH qadir chopanTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
866KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for children's tooth painToothache (children)Boiled in water and used.Zeher Ka PhoolGH qadir chopanTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
867KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for pneumonia and coldPneumonia, coldBoiled in water and used.LandiGH qadir chopanTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
868KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for stomach and other body painsAbdominal and body painPicked, boiled, and made into paste; used in food.Bhodi aye Jaddimehjoor mohd shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
869KashmirHuman HealthHerbal tonic for energy and pain reliefFatigue, body achePaste is made and used in vegetable dishes.Khafal sodutoposha begumTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
870KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for joint and back painJoint and back painMameek roots are made into paste, boiled with rice and ghee to prepare halwa.MameekPaeonia EmodiPaeonia Emodi🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern.Sharma, A. K., Gupta, V., & Manigauh, A. (2021). Compressive Review on Plant Profile, Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Paeonia emodi Royle (Himalayan Paeony). Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 33(63B), 549-558.Zahra, N., Iqbal, J., Arif, M., Abbasi, B. A., Sher, H., Nawaz, A. F., ... & Calina, D. (2023). A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle: current landscape and future perspectives. Chinese medicine, 18(1), 23.Kumar, S., Ratha, K. K., Rao, M. M., & Acharya, R. (2022). A comprehensive review on the phytochemistry, pharmacological, ethnobotany, and traditional uses of Paeonia species. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 12(1), 13-24.posha begumTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
871KashmirHuman HealthHerbal tonicGeneral weaknessGround into juice and consumed orally.RangrashHimalayan StrawberryFragaria nubicola🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Bussmann, R. W., & Kikvidze, Z. (2024). Fragaria moschata Weston Fragaria vesca L. Fragaria viridis Duch. Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Eastern Europe: Carpathians (pp. 1-19). Cham: Springer International Publishing.Ali, S. (2023). A study on different plant species of the Rosaceae family and their ethnobotanical uses among the local communities at Swat district, Pakistan. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 25, 1-16.posha begumTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
872KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for jaundiceJaundiceUsed to treat jaundice.KAMBLI KULSaima banoNowgamWagooraBaramullah
873KashmirHuman HealthPostnatal tonic given to women after deliveryPostpartum careGiven to women after delivery.chikalchickweedStellaria media.L Caryophyllaceae🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Bencheikh, N., Elachouri, M., & Bussmann, R. W. (2024). Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Caryophyllaceae. In Ethnobotany of Northern Africa and Levant (pp. 1959-1963). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland.Chidrawar, V. R. (2011). Pharmacological and phytochemical studies of ayuvedic plants for anti-obesity and anti-diabetic activity (Doctoral dissertation, Saurashtra University).Saima banoNowgamWagooraBaramullah
874KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for toothacheToothacheUsed to treat toothache.Ratan JootMeadow GeraniumGeranium pretense L🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Williamson, E. M. (2002). Use of Geranium species extracts as herbal medicines. In Geranium and Pelargonium (pp. 52-58). CRC Press.Saima banoNowgamWagooraBaramullah
875KashmirHuman HealthRoot powder applied for wound healingWoundsPowdered dried roots are applied to wounds.neej masrinZareefa BegumNowgamWagooraBaramullah
876KashmirHuman HealthWorm and vomiting remedyIntestinal worms, vomitingUsed to treat worms and vomiting.yenHorse MintMentha longifolia🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Bussmann, R. W., Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Khutsishvili, M., Kikvidze, Z., Khojimatov, O. K., Fayvush, G., ... & Muradalievich, A. A. (2024). Mentha aquatica L. Mentha arvensis L. Mentha longifolia (L.) L. Mentha× piperita L. Mentha pulegium L. Mentha× rotundifolia (L.) Huds. Mentha spicata L. Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. Mentha spicata subsp. spicata L. Lamiaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Caucasus (pp. 1-43). Springer, Cham.Zareefa BegumNowgamWagooraBaramullah
877KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for back and joint painBack and joint painUsed to treat back and joint pain.chikalchickweedStellaria media.L Caryophyllaceae🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Das, S. (2018). EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL AND ANALGESIC PROPERTY OF STELLARIA MEDIA L.. , 5, 1456-1461. https://doi.org/10.21276/irjps.2018.5.2.8.Zareefa BegumNowgamWagooraBaramullah
878KashmirHuman HealthRoot powder used on boilsBoilsPowdered dried roots are used to treat wounds.chouk masrinShafeeqaNowgamWagooraBaramullah
879KashmirHuman HealthCrushed powder used on boilsBoilsCrushed and applied over boils.kall wouthSelf-Heal HerbPrunella vulgaris🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Mir, R., Bhat, M., Sawhney, G., Kumar, P., Andrabi, N., Shaikh, M., Mohi-Ud-Din, R., & Masoodi, M. (2021). Prunella vulgaris L: Critical Pharmacological, Expository Traditional uses and Extensive Phytochemistry: A Review.. Current drug discovery technologies. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570163818666210203181542.ShafeeqaNowgamWagooraBaramullah
880KashmirHuman HealthDried leaves with ghee applied to skinSkin infection, boilsCrushed and applied with ghee to affected areas.dadri dawaShafeeqaNowgamWagooraBaramullah
881KashmirHuman HealthBoiled root decoction for children's infectionChildhood infectionBoiled in water for 30 mins; extract is consumed (used for infections in children).gandh soiCatnipNepeta cataria L.🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Nadeem, A., Shahzad, H., Ahmed, B., Muntean, T., Waseem, M., & Tabassum, A. (2022). Phytochemical profiling of antimicrobial and potential antioxidant plant: Nepeta cataria. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.969316.ShafeeqaNowgamWagooraBaramullah
882KashmirHuman HealthGhee and leaf mixture for wound careWound healingCrushed and applied with ghee to treat wounds or infections.dadri dawaShafeeqaNowgamWagooraBaramullah
883KashmirHuman HealthWild wax and leaf paste for boilsBoilsMixed with wild wax and applied to treat boils.fook doon gassiShaheena BegumNowgamWagooraBaramullah
884KashmirHuman HealthRoasted herbal to control diabetesDiabetesRoasted and used to regulate blood sugar.wan rohonKashmiri GarlicAllium sativum🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Delgado, E., Quiroz-Aldave, J., Durand-Vásquez, M., Aldave-Pita, L., Fuentes-Mendoza, J., Concepción-Urteaga, L., Paz-Ibarra, J., & Concepción-Zavaleta, M. (2025). Immunomodulatory effect of allium sativum in type 2 diabetes mellitus. World Journal of Experimental Medicine. https://doi.org/10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.103481.Pandian, P., , A., & Kumar.Ch, S. (2023). Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Isolated Fractions of Allium Sativum. Journal of Advanced Zoology. https://doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is-5.1901.Shaheena BegumNowgamWagooraBaramullah
885KashmirHuman HealthTonic for lactating mothersPostpartum tonicGiven to lactating mothers as an energy booster.mongriRifat banoNowgamWagooraBaramullah
886KashmirHuman HealthWinter remedy to keep body warmCold protectionUsed to keep warm during winter; protects against cold.prenak nishastaRifat banoNowgamWagooraBaramullah
887KashmirHuman HealthTraditional use: Energetic fruitFatigue recoveryConsumed as an energetic fruit.ring fruitHowthorn berriesCrataegus oxyacantha🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Skrypnik, L., Melnichuk, I., & Koroleva, Y. (2020). NUTRITIONAL AND BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF FRUITS OF CRATAEGUS OXYACANTHA L.. , 265-275. https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2020015452.Rifat banoNowgamWagooraBaramullah
888KashmirHuman HealthHerbal medication for abdominal crampsAbdominal crampsCrushed and left overnight; water is consumed in the morning for stomach issues.taithwanCommon WormwoodArtimesia absenthium🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Lin, Z., Wu, H., Fu, Y., & Dai, S. (2019). Application of Herbaceous Medications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease as a Complementary and Alternative Therapy.. Inflammatory bowel diseases. https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izz190.Rifat banoNowgamWagooraBaramullah
889KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy: Fresh aerial leaves ground into paste for wound healingWound healingAerial parts and leaves are ground into paste and applied to treat wounds.KalyoutPrunella Valgaris🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Akkol, E., Renda, G., Ilhan, M., & Bektaş, N. (2022). Wound healing acceleration and anti-inflammatory potential of Prunella vulgaris L.: From conventional use to preclinical scientific verification.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 115411 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115411.ZareefaNowgamWagooraBaramullah
890KashmirHuman HealthHerbal wound remedyWound healingUsed to treat wounds by applying paste on the affected area.KelimZareefaNowgamWagooraBaramullah
891KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for wound healingWound healingDry roots are powdered and applied externally to treat wounds.PamchalanHimalayan RhubarbRheum Emodi🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownEndangered (EN) (regional)Handoo, N., Parrah, J., Gayas, M., Bisma, S., & Mir, M. (2018). Effect of Rheum emodi and its extracts on wound healing: A qualitative and quantitative histological study. Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 6, 1592-1597.Handoo, N., Parrah, J., Moulvi, B., Ansari, M., Athar, H., Imtiyaz, T., Nabi, N., Siraj, G., & Malik, Z. (2015). Effect of different extracts of Rheum emodi for wound healing in rabbit model.. international journal of veterinary science, 4, 50-54.ZareefaNowgamWagooraBaramullah
892KashmirHuman HealthHerbal wound treatment for diabetic woundsDiabetic wound healingDry roots are powdered and used topically to treat wounds.Neig MachranZareefaNowgamWagooraBaramullah
893KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to treat fracturesBone fracturePaste of fresh leaves is applied to fractures for healing.Pal phortZareefaNowgamWagooraBaramullah
894KashmirHuman HealthHerbal decoction for the treatment of labour pain and miscarriageLabour pain, miscarriage preventionDecoction of fresh leaves is given to ease labor pain and reduce risk of miscarriage.HalunAsparagus filicinus Buch🟤 BrownData Deficient (DD)
Smith, C., Collins, C., Levett, K., Armour, M., Dahlen, H., Tan, A., & Mesgarpour, B. (2020). Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2, CD009232 . https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009232.pub2.ZareefaNowgamWagooraBaramullah
895KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for head and body achesHeadache, body acheDecoction is used in bathing to relieve muscle tension, stress, and body aches.KalveuthSelf-Heal HerbPrunella vulgaris🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Pan, J., Wang, H., & Chen, Y. (2022). Prunella vulgaris L. – A Review of its Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Quality Control and Pharmacological Effects. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.903171.Gulam mohi ud din , Taja begum , Tasleema begumVillage: Sheikpora Village: Kachwa MuqamWagooraBaramullah
896KashmirHuman HealthHerbal tonic or supplement for pregnant womenPrenatal wellnessCooked leaves are consumed post-delivery as a tonic meal.HaandDandelionTaraxacum officinale🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)No studies have evaluated the safety or benefits of dandelion during pregnancy or its effects on prenatal development in humans.Zareefa
Village: Nowgam Abdul Karim Poda Village: Bandibala Taja begum Village: Shiekhpora Raja Begum
Village: Bandi Payeen Hakeem Sabzar Ahmad Village: Kulgam
WagooraBaramullah
897KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for respiratory issuesRespiratory problemsDecoction is prepared from the plant and administered orally.‘Kahzaban/ Gawzaban’Himalayan ArnebiaArnebia benthamii🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownCritically Endangered (CR)Ahmad, L., He, Y., Hao, J., Semotiuk, A., Liu, Q., & Mazari, P. (2018). Toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids provide a warning sign to overuse of the ethnomedicine Arnebia benthamii.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 210, 88-94 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.009.Laxmi, K. (2016). A PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW ON - ARNEBIA BENTHAMII. .Gulnaz BegumBandibalaWagooraBaramullah
898KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for respiratory issues: cough, chest congestion, and asthmaCough, chest congestion, asthmaDecoction of leaves is given orally.‘Kahzaban/ Gawzaban’Himalayan ArnebiaArnebia benthamii🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownCritically Endangered (CR)Ganie, S. A., Dar, T. A., Hamid, R., Zargar, O., Abeer, S. U., Masood, A., ... & Zargar, M. A. (2014). In vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Arnebia benthamii (Wall ex. G. Don): a critically endangered medicinal plant of Kashmir valley. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2014(1), 792574.Ahmad, L., He, Y., Hao, J., Semotiuk, A., Liu, Q., & Mazari, P. (2018). Toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids provide a warning sign to overuse of the ethnomedicine Arnebia benthamii.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 210, 88-94 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.009.Laxmi, K. (2016). A PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW ON - ARNEBIA BENTHAMII. .Taja begumSheikporaWagooraBaramullah
899KashmirHuman HealthHerbal medication to cure jaundiceJaundiceEntire plant is boiled to make a decoction, which is administered orally.DadeBird's-nest fernsAsplenium falcatum⚫ BlackCritically Endangered (CR)There is no evidence in the scientific literature supporting the use of Asplenium falcatum to cure jaundice. Other medicinal plants have stronger traditional and scientific backing for this purpose.Raja Begum Village: Nagbal Haja BegumWagooraBaramullah
900KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for stomach burning and heartburnGastric burning, heartburnBoiled as tea and consumed.DadeBird's-nest fernsAsplenium falcatum⚫ BlackCritically Endangered (CR)No Scientific researchTasleema begumKachwa MuqamWagooraBaramullah
901KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for throat soreness, swelling, and tonsillitisSore throat, tonsillitisDecoction is used as a gargle to treat throat swelling and infection.SozposhHollyhockAlthaearosa🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)
Roventa, D., Pieper-Fürst, U., Acikel, C., Santos, D., Sent, U., & Mösges, R. (2023). Effectiveness and Tolerability of Ectoin® Mouth and Throat Spray Althaea Honey (ERS09) for Sore Throat due to Acute Pharyngitis and Dry Cough: A Multicentre, Actively Controlled, Open Label Study in Germany. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185813.Mansoora bagum
Village: Bandibala
Haja Begum
Village : Nilsar
Haleema Begum
Village: Nagbal
WagooraBaramullah
902KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for kidney and bladder health including UTIs and stonesKidney and bladder issues, UTIs, stonesDecoction is given orally twice daily.MakiCorn SilkZea mays🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Gumaih, H., Alasbahy, A., Alharethi, S., Al-Asmari, S., & Al-Khulaidi, A. (2023). Antiurolithiasis activities of Zea mays extract and its mechanism as antiurolithiasis remedy.. American journal of clinical and experimental urology, 11 5, 443-451 .Pardede, T., & Muchlisyam, M. (2018). ANALYSIS ON CALCIUM SOLUBILITY IN KIDNEY STONES (IN VITRO) AND DIURETIC EFFECT (IN VIVO) USING CORN SILK (ZEA MAYS L.) INFUSE. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 11, 80-83. https://doi.org/10.22159/AJPCR.2018.V11S1.26573.Umer Majeed
Village: Kohilina
Gul Naz Begum
Village: Bandibalsa
Ab Rasheed Wani
Village : T.Y. Shah
WagooraBaramullah
903KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for arthritis and joint painArthritis, joint painExtracts are used internally or externally depending on condition.soiNettleUrtica dioica🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Liao, J. C., Wei, Z. X., Ma, Z. P., Zhao, C., & Cai, D. Z. (2016). Evaluation of a root extract gel from Urtica dioica (Urticaceae) as analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapy in rheumatoid arthritis in mice. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 15(4), 781-785.Bashir Ahmed Malik
Abdul Khasana
Village : Bandibala
Farooq Shah
T.Y Shash
Tasleema Begum
Village: Kachwa Muqam
WagooraBaramullah
904KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for indigestion, bloating, and constipationIndigestion, bloating, constipationDecoction (Sharbat) is used medicinally.Kashmiri GlubRoseRosa damascena🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Azimi, M., Niayesh, H., Raeiszadeh, M., & Khodabandeh-Shahraki, S. (2022). Efficacy of the herbal formula of Foeniculum vulgare and Rosa damascena on elderly patients with functional constipation: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 20(3), 230-236.Sadeghi Mansoorkhani, H., Alamdari, M., Hasanzadeh, S., Jokar, S., Panahi Kokhdan, E., Malekzadeh, J., & Abassi, R. (2021). Effect of rosa damascene Mill. hydroalcoholic extract on the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation in adults. Journal of Clinical Care and Skills, 2(1), 29-34.Hakeem Sabzar Ahmad
Village: Kulgam
Mansoora begum
Village T.Y.shah
Gulam mohi ud din
Village: Sheikpora
WagooraBaramullah
905KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for coughCoughConsumed in the form of Murabba or Jam.Bum choontQuince appleCydonia oblonga🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Fazeenah, A. A., & Quamri, M. A. (2016). Behidana (Cydonia oblonga Miller)—a review. World J Pharm Res, 5(11), 79-91.Tasleema BegumVillage: Kachwa MuqamWagooraBaramullah
906KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for back pain, leucorrhoea, and headacheBack pain, leucorrhoea, headacheRoots are boiled to make herbal tea.machrani chaiBistorta Maplaxicaulis🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Babar, M., Aslam, B., Faisal, M., Malik, A., Akhtar, S., Fatima, S., Majeed, W., Umer, A., & Farooq, M. (2024). Phytochemical characterization and anti-arthritic potential of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles derived from the Bistorta amplexicaulis root extract. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1474592.M Abdullah shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
907KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for muscle cramps and postpartum recoveryMuscle cramps, postpartum supportDried leaves are cooked and consumed.wappal haakhHimalayan TeaselDipsacus Inermis🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Jan, M., Mir, T. A., Jan, H. A., Bussmann, R. W., & Aneaus, S. (2023). Ethnomedicinal study of plants utilized in pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum healthcare in Kashmir Himalaya. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 42, 100767.Imtiyaz ah shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
908KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for kidney issues and stonesKidney stones, kidney disorderDried stem is cooked and used.daidBird's-nest fernsAsplenium falcatum⚫ BlackCritically Endangered (CR)AKTAŞ, Y., GENÇ, Ş., TORAMAN, F. Y., AKBAR, M. N. A., & NATH, E. Ö. Ethnomedicinal Plants for Kidney Disorders in Iraq and Türkiye.Imtiyaz ah shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
909KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for common coldColdGround into flour and used.truelHimalayan Balsamimpatiens glandulifera⚫ BlackNot Evaluated (NE)
m Abdullah shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
910KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for cold and coughCold, coughLeaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable.nilkhanimansoora begumTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
911KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for fungal scars and white patchesFungal infections, skin patchesLeaves are burned, ash is collected, mixed with oil, and applied to affected area.poohi kulM Abdullah shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
912KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy to reduce hair fallHair fallBoiled in water and the decoction is used to wash hair.gavtherHamaspadiadiantum capillus veneris🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Ansari, R., & Ekhlasi-Kazaj, K. (2012). Adiantum capillus-veneris. L: phytochemical constituents, traditional uses and pharmacological properties: a review. Journal of advanced scientific research, 3(04), 15-20.mansoora begumTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
913KashmirHuman HealthHerbal Medication for skin bumpsSkin bumpsRoots are powdered, mixed with oil, and applied topically.zovnureishfaq ah shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
914KashmirHuman HealthHerbal anti-parasitic used to remove tapeworms in humansTapeworms, intestinal parasitesTea is prepared or roots are soaked in water and drunk.kister moundbetel leafPiper betal🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Tandon, V., Yadav, A. K., Roy, B., & Das, B. (2011). Phytochemicals as cure of worm infections in traditional medicine systems. Emerging trends in zoology, 16, 351-378.m Abdullah shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
915KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary remedy to reduce weakness in cattleLivestock weaknessUsed as fodder for animals.sheehelwithercoltsfoottussilago farfara🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Not scientifically provenm Abdullah shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
916KashmirHuman HealthHerbal treatment for diabetes, inflammation, fractures, and joint painDiabetes, inflammation, bone fracture, joint painPrepared as tea and paste with oil, then applied externally.palphotm Abdullah shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
917KashmirHuman HealthHerbal remedy for common cold and coughCold, coughFresh leaves are cooked or ripe fruits are eaten.jungli palakstrawberry spinachchenopodium foliosum🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Dakhane, S. C. V. (2024). Wild vegetables (Chenopodium album L): Ethno pharmacology, phytochemical and nutrient profile. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 13(3), 367-376.m Abdullah shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
918KashmirAnimal HealthEthnoveterinary treatment for swelling and bloating in cattleLivestock bloating and inflammationUsed as animal fodder.gumaim Abdullah shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
919KashmirHuman HealthHerbal source rich in vitaminsVitamin deficiencyRipe fruits are plucked and eaten directly.jungli tamatarSolanum villosum Mill🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)
ONYANGO, O. K. (2023). NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS, IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF Solanum villosum Linn. AND Solanum scabrum Mill. METHANOL LEAVES EXTRACTS (Doctoral dissertation, KENYATTA UNIVERSITY).m Abdullah shahTY shah BaramullaWagooraBaramullah
920Category-Human, Veterinary, AgricultureTitle of PracticeAilment/problempractice in detailProcess: boiling, mixing, paste, fermentation, soaking overnight, soaking for longer duration, dryingIngredient/Plant)-1 (Write local name, English Name, Botanical namePAs Code-red: clinical studies done; green- AYUSH, Blue- In vitro or In vivo study done; Brown: only ethnographical report ; black: not reported or uniqueIUCN status Plant 1PAS-1PAS-1PAS-1PAS-1Knowledge Provider nameVillageBlockDistrict
921LocalEnglishBotanical
922NagalandHumanPomegranate leaves for stomach acheStomach achePomegranate leaves are washed and boiled for 5 -10 mins and is consumed during stomach acheWashed and boiled"Taliim/Jarem"Pomegranate leavesPunica granatum🟢 GreenLeast Concern.Ghaneialvar H, Abbasi N,
Shahsavari S. Natural remedies effective on stomachache in traditional medicine. Plant
Biotechnology Persa. 2020;2(1): 42-47.
Muhialdin, A. J., Alamri, Z. Z., Hussein, A. M., Faraj, R. K., Taha, Z. B., Hussein, M. M., & Mojarradgandoukmolla, S. (2023). Gastro-protective and therapeutic effect of Punica granatum against stomach ulcer caused by Helicobacter Pylori. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 69(1), 48-53.Achambayingshkur
923NagalandVeterinaryAnimal feedFresh usedMusa nagensiumbanana stemMusa🟢 GreenLeast Concern.Ullo, N. Z. A., Yoku, O., Monim, H., Widayati, T. W., & Kayadoe, M. (2023, June). Reducing the effects of greenhouse gas emissions of organic waste by utilizing banana stems as starter local pig feed. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1192, No. 1, p. 012044). IOP Publishing.Achambayingshkur
924NagalandHumanTreatment of DengueDengueFresh leaves of papaya are boil and consume by those who suffer from Dengue
BoilingMamazu (Ao)Papaya leavesCarica papaya🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 GreenData Deficient.Teh, B. P., Ahmad, N. B., Mohamad, S. B., Tan, T. Y. C., Mohd Abd Razak, M. R. B., Afzan, A. B., & Syed Mohamed, A. F. B. (2022). Carica papaya Leaf Juice for Dengue: A Scoping Review. Nutrients, 14(8), 1584. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081584Charan, Jaykaran; Saxena, Deepak1; Goyal, Jagdish Prasad2; Yasobant, Sandul1. Efficacy and safety of Carica papaya leaf extract in the dengue: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research 6(4):p 249-254, Oct–Dec 2016. | DOI: 10.4103/2229-516X.192596Tsaroli P.Syingshkur
925NagalandHumanRemedy for DysenteryDysenterythe leaves are plucked and wash in a clean cool water and chewed raw during dysentry

ChewingMotiram tuGuava leavesPsidium guajava🔴 Red, 🟢 GreenLeast ConcernHusin, W. (2010). Property of Psidium guajava L. leaves in treatment of diarrhea. Maranatha Journal of Medicine and Health, 1(2), 147881.Birdi T, Krishnan GG, Kataria S, Gholkar M, Daswani P. A randomized open label efficacy clinical trial of oral guava leaf decoction in patients with acute infectious diarrhoea. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2020 Apr-Jun;11(2):163-172. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.04.001. Epub 2020 Jun 2. PMID: 32507357; PMCID: PMC7329711.Thridongseyingshkur
926NagalandHumanHemostatic and insect repellentstop bleeding/ant/mosquitoused fresh leaves and make it paste


Paste"Kher"Burma grassNeyraudia reynaudiana⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedSerichumyingshkur
927NagalandHumanTreatment of nose bleeding and insects bitesnose bleeding and insects bitesA leaves is crushed with water to produce a paste like and used it in nose bleeding and insects bitesPastekidney weedkidney weedDichondra repens🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedLithsipaSeyochung Village
928NagalandHumanHemostatic, anti itching and in skin diseasesStop bleeding and skin itchingThe leaves of the plants are crushed and applied in cut wounds which stops bleeding, itching and used in various related skin diseasespasteCrofton weed or Mexican devilAgeratina adenophora🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedPoudel, R., Neupane, N. P., Mukeri, I. H., Alok, S., & Verma, A. (2020). An updated review on invasive nature, phytochemical evaluation, & pharmacological activity of Ageratina adenophora. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res, 11, 2510-2520.Khaidem, D., Soibam, T., Kar, A., Mukherjee, P. K., Radhakrishnanand, P., Parmar, K., & Sharma, N. (2024). Phytochemically analysed extract of Ageratina adenophora (Sprengel) R.M. King & H. Rob. initiates caspase 3-dependent apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell: A synergistic approach with chemotherapeutic drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 322, 117591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.117591LithsipaSeyochung Village
929NagalandHumanAnalgesicheadache.The leaves are crushed and massage in area of pain, usually used in headache.Crushed or PasteCurly BlumeaLaggera crispata🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedGetahun, T., Sharma, V., & Gupta, N. (2019). The genus Laggera (Asteraceae)–ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological information, chemical composition as well as biological activities of its essential oils and extracts: a review. Chemistry & biodiversity, 16(8), e1900131.LithsipaSeyochung Village
930NagalandHumanAnti pyretic & in insect biteFever & insect biteThe leaves are crushed and the juice/extract are applied in case of insects or Spider bite as well as consumed during gastric, feverPaste and extractYempat and ZenodoBroadleaf plantainPlantago major🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Laanet, P.-R., Bragina, O., Jõul, P., & Vaher, M. (2024). Plantago major and Plantago lanceolata Exhibit Antioxidant and Borrelia burgdorferi Inhibiting Activities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(13), 7112. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137112Samuelsen, A. B. (2000). The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L. A review. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 71(1-2), 1-21.LithsipaSeyochung Village
931NagalandHumanAnti hypertensiveHigh bood pressureleaves are boil and eat during High blood pressureBoiling"Kenie"beefsteak plant, perilla,Perilla frutescens🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Youn, I., Han, S., Jung, H. J., Noh, S. G., Chung, H. Y., Koo, Y. K., ... & Seo, E. K. (2023). Anti-inflammatory activity of the constituents from the leaves of Perilla frutescens var. acuta. Pharmaceuticals, 16(12), 1655.LithsipaSeyochung Village
932NagalandHumanIn gastric upsetDiarrhoea, constipationWhole plant is crushed into paste and taken orally with water for diarrhoea, constipation and a good source of vitamin A and C.Paste"Rophie" & Bahra thlumSweet potatoIpomoea batatas🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedPanda, V., & Sonkamble, M. (2012). Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Ipomoea batatas l.(Lam)–A review. International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry and Pharmacology, 2(1), 25-34.LithsipaSeyochung Village
933NagalandVeterinaryAnimal feedstored or Fresh usedNaga BhuttaCornZea mays🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernLithsipaSeyochung Village
934NagalandVeterinaryAnimal feedFresh usedmongozonoFig leavesFicus carica🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernLithsipaSeyochung Village
935NagalandHumanIn gastric upsetStomach ache, and DiarrheaThe roots are eaten during Stomach ache, and DiarrheaFresh used"Kishep" & "Aovei"Yellow Himalayan Raspberry rootRubus ellipticus🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernSharma, M., Pant, S., & Wani, Z. A. (2025). Himalayan yellow raspberry (Rubus ellipticus Sm.) potentially important medicinal plant for bioprospection. Vegetos, 1-12.TsalibaSeyochung Village
936NagalandHumanAnti hypertensiveHigh bood pressureThe leaves is boiled and consumed during High blood pressure it aids in regulating the blood pressureBoiling"Bel"passion fruitPassiflora edulis🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedGuerrero-Ospina, J. C., Nieto, O. A., Zarate, P., Loango, N., Restrepo, B., & Landazuri, P. (2018). Beneficial effects of Passiflora edulis on blood pressure and reduction of oxidative stress. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 11(43), 1-8.KhawotoSeyochung Village
937NagalandHumanMulti medicinal useangina, bronchitis, influenza, malaria, scabies, burns, snakebites, injuries, fractures, contusions, strains, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, and antileukaemi, headacheIt is used as a medicine to cure angina, bronchitis, influenza, and malaria. It is also applied externally for treating scabies, burns, snakebites, injuries, fractures, contusions, and strains. Aerial parts of the plant have been used as an antiinflammatory, antibacterial, and antileukaemi


Boiling and PasteCurly BlumeaLaggera Crispata🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedZhou, Z., Pu, T., Duan, B., & Zhang, M. (2022). Phylogenetic relationship and characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Laggera crispata, a folk herbal medicine plant in China. Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 7(6), 1148-1150.KhawotoSeyochung Village
938NagalandHumanAnti diabetes & anti asthamaticDiabetes, Asthma and gut problemRoots are consumed during Gut problem and diabetes. It is also said to aid during asthma
Fresh Used
YaconYaconSmallanthus sonchifolius🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedZheng, X., Fan, H., Ting-Guo, K., De-Qiang, D., Kuo, G., Yu-Yuan, S., ... & Feng, D. (2010). Anti-diabetes constituents in leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius. Natural product communications, 5(1), 1934578X1000500123.Mendes, R. M. D. A., Caetano, G. R., Arpini, C. M., Denadai, J. F., Curbani, F., Gomes, D. C. D. O., & Tadokoro, C. E. (2024). A story with two versions: yacon root pulp on experimental asthma in different animal facilities. Ciência Rural, 54(9), e20230065.KhawotoSeyochung Village
939NagalandHumanAnti viral, AnagesicFever, cold, asthma, body ache toothacheThe leaves are consumed during Fever, cold, asthma, body ache toothache.It is also believed to aid In preventing bed-wetting.Fresh Used
Wild mintWild mintMentha arvensis,🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernSilva, H. (2020). A Descriptive Overview of the Medical Uses Given to Mentha Aromatic Herbs throughout History. Biology, 9(12), 484. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9120484LisathovishuSeyochung Village
940NagalandHumanCough and ColdCough and ColdThe leaves is consumed during common cold as well as coughFresh UsedPeppermintMentha piperita🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedChakraborty, P., Singh, J., Rai, M., Singh, P., Vichitra, A., Singh, A. K. N., ... & Singh, H. (2008). Mentha piperita–a multicentric clinical verification study conducted by CCRH. Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy, 2(4), 26-33.Chakraborty, K., Chakravarti, A. R., & Bhattacharjee, S. (2022). Bioactive components of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), their pharmacological and ameliorative potential and ethnomedicinal benefits: A review. Journal of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry, 11(1), 109-114.LisathovishuSeyochung Village
941NagalandHumanAnti allergy & cough releveCough and allergy.The bulb of ginger is crushed and chewed raw with or without water or honey for Cough, allergy.crushed and chewedSungrosungGingerZingiber officinale🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernHer, L., & Kanjanasilp, J. (2021). Efficacy and safety of herbal medicines for relief cough symptom in national list of essential medicines of Thailand and Lao PDR: A systematic review and Meta-analysis (Doctoral dissertation, Mahasarakham University).LisathovishuSeyochung Village
942NagalandHumanTooth analgesicToothacheThe root is chewed or put in the area of pain for toothacheChewingVeraphuloakleaf fernDrynaria quercifolia🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedAnuja, G. I., Latha, P. G., Suja, S. R., Shyamal, S., Shine, V. J., Sini, S., ... & Rajasekharan, S. (2010). Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Smith. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 132(2), 456-460.Prasanna, G., & Anuradha, R. (2016). A comprehensive review on Phytopharmacological activities of Drynaria quercifolia L. Int J Pharmacogn Phytochem Res, 8(8), 1304-1313.LitsaoSeyochung Village
943NagalandHumanHemostatic and anti spasmodic in menstruationOver bleeding and Menstruation crampsThe plant is consumed during Over bleeding and Menstruation cramps.Fresh Used"Naga lasoon" or "Khobiya"ChivesAllium schoenoprasum⚫ BlackLeast ConcernNot reportedLitsaoSeyochung Village
944NagalandHumanAnalgesicBody acheThe leaves are crushed and applied in areas of Body ache.PasteEri plantcastor bean plantRicinus communis🟢 Green, 🔵 BlueNot EvaluatedGupta, R., Chaudhary, A., & Sharma, R. (2023). Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Ricinus communis Linn.: Evidence from Pharmacology to Clinical Studies. Current Pharmacology Reports. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-023-00347-7.Abomughaid, M., Teibo, J., Akinfe, O., Adewolu, A., Teibo, T., Afifi, M., Al-Farga, A., Al-Kuraishy, H., Al-Gareeb, A., Alexiou, A., Papadakis, M., & Batiha, G. (2024). A phytochemical and pharmacological review of Ricinus communis L.. Discover Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-05964-5.HoitoSeyochung Village
945NagalandHumanAnti pyreticIn feverThe leaves are crushed and used as paste in times of Fever.pasteDye FoldwingMagenta PlantDicliptera tinctoria⚫ BlackNot EvaluatedHoitoSeyochung Village
946NagalandHumanTooth analgesicToothacheThe fruit or leaves is chewed with the area where there is toothache.Chewing"Kevega"toothache plant, paracressAcmella oleracea🔵 BlueNot EvaluatedAktar, M., Bhuia, M., Molla, S., Chowdhury, R., Sarkar, C., Shahariar, M., Roy, P., Reiner, Ž., Sharifi‐Rad, J., Calina, D., Shakil, M., & Islam, M. (2024). Pharmacological and phytochemical review of Acmella oleracea: a comprehensive analysis of its therapeutic potential. Discover Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-06108-5.Rondanelli, M., Fossari, F., Vecchio, V., Braschi, V., Riva, A., Allegrini, P., Petrangolini, G., Iannello, G., Faliva, M., Peroni, G., Nichetti, M., Gasparri, C., Spadaccini, D., Infantino, V., Mustafa, S., Alalwan, T., & Perna, S. (2019). Acmella oleracea for pain management.. Fitoterapia, 104419 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104419.InashiSeyochung Village
947NagalandVeterinaryAnimal feedFreshly UsedBathua LeavesLamb's quarters, goosefoot,Chenopodium album. 🔵 BlueNot EvaluatedXie, M., Wang, R., Wang, Y., Liu, N., & Qi, J. (2021). Effects of dietary supplementation with fermented Chenopodium album L. on growth, nutrient digestibility, immunity, carcase characteristics and meat quality of broilers. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 20, 2063 - 2074. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2021.1996289.Totakul, P., Viennasay, B., Sommai, S., Matra, M., Infascelli, F., & Wanapat, M. (2021). Supplemental effect of Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) leaf pellet on rumen fermentation, nutrients digestibility and microbial protein synthesis in growing crossbred bulls. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 20, 279 - 287. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2021.1880978.vinatoliSitimi Village
948NagalandHumanDigestive aid, Cough and skin problem, anthelmenticsIntestinal worms, Digestive aid, Cough and skin problemThe leaves are crushed sometimes boiled and the decoction is consumed during Gastric, Cough, and is applied in various skin ailments.Boiling and Pastewormwood or absintheArtemisia absinthium🔵 Blue, 🟢 GreenLeast ConcernSzopa, A., Pajor, J., Klin, P., Rzepiela, A., Elansary, H., Al-Mana, F., Mattar, M., & Ekiert, H. (2020). Artemisia absinthium L.—Importance in the History of Medicine, the Latest Advances in Phytochemistry and Therapeutical, Cosmetological and Culinary Uses. Plants, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091063.Batiha, G., Olatunde, A., El-Mleeh, A., Hetta, H., Al-Rejaie, S., Alghamdi, S., Zahoor, M., Beshbishy, A., Murata, T., Zaragoza-Bastida, A., & Rivero-Pérez, N. (2020). Bioactive Compounds, Pharmacological Actions, and Pharmacokinetics of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium). Antibiotics, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9060353.GhoveliSitimi Village
949NagalandHumanAnti CoughCoughThe fruit is either consumed raw or after boiling at times of cough.Raw or BoilingKikhwiiIndian nightshade.Solanum indicum🔵 Blue, 🟢 GreenNot EvaluatedSaxena, G., Mittal, A., & Siddiqui, A. (2019). Acute Toxicity Studies and In-vitro Antioxidant Potential of Solanum indicum. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3-s.2969.Kaunda, J., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Two new 23S,26R-hydroxylated spirostanoid saponins from the fruits of Solanum indicum var. recurvatum . Steroids, 153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108506.HekasheSitimi Village
950NagalandHumanAnti pyreticFeverThe leaves are consumed or pasted in the body in times of Fever and high temperature.Pastecoffee stem parasiteLoranthus ferrugineus🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedHekasheSitimi Village
951NagalandHumanAnti hypertensiveHigh blood pressureThe bulb or root is consumed during high blood pressure to lower the blood pressureRaw and BolingGinsengGinsengPanax ginseng🔴 RedNot EvaluatedPark, S., Chung, S., Chung, M., Choi, H., Hwang, J., & Park, J. (2021). Effects of Panax ginseng on hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Ginseng Research, 46, 188 - 205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2021.10.002.Irfan, M., Kwak, Y., Han, C., Hyun, S., & Rhee, M. (2020). Adaptogenic effects of Panax ginseng on modulation of cardiovascular functions. Journal of Ginseng Research, 44, 538 - 543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2020.03.001.HekasheSitimi Village
952NagalandHumanTrouble breathing, or muscle acheTrouble breathing, or muscle acheThe sap that is produced from the stem and leaves is applied onto the leaves themselves and is pasted in times of Trouble breathing, or muscle ache.PasteLalpattiPoinsettiaEuphorbia pulcherrima🔵 Blue,Least ConcernAljohani, A., Alhumaydhi, F., Rauf, A., Hamad, E., & Rashid, U. (2022). In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, Sedative, Muscle Relaxant Activities and Molecular Docking Analysis of Phytochemicals from Euphorbia pulcherrima. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7495867.Ernst, M., Grace, O., Saslis-Lagoudakis, C., Nilsson, N., Simonsen, H., & Rønsted, N. (2015). Global medicinal uses of Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae).. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 176, 90-101 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.025.AselaSanphure Village
953NagalandHumanjaundice, abortifacient, anthelmintic, whooping cough & as blood purifierjaundice, abortifacient, anthelmintic, whooping cough & as blood purifierFruit juice is taken for jaundice, abortifacient, anthelmintic, whooping cough & as blood purifier
"Gaimpew"PineappleAnanas comosus🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedUgbogu, E., Happiness, O., Emmanuel, O., Ugbogu, O., Ekweogu, C., Uche, M., Dike, E., & Ijioma, S. (2023). Phytochemical characterization, anti-diarrhoeal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory activities and toxicity profile of Ananas comosus (L.) Merr (pineapple) leaf in albino rats.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 117224 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.117224.AselaSanphure Village
954NagalandHumanHemostatic, Anti malarial, antiseptic.Bleeding, Malaria, stomach ache, Itching and skin desiasesThe leaves of the plants are crushed and applied in cut wounds which stops bleeding, itching and used in various related skin diseases.
It is also taken orally for malaria, stomach ache and as antiseptic properties.
Pastewormwood or absintheArtemisia absinthium🔵 BlueLeast ConcernJoshi, R. (2013). Volatile composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Artemisia absinthium growing in Western Ghats region of North West Karnataka, India. Pharmaceutical Biology, 51, 888 - 892. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2013.768676.Szopa, A., Pajor, J., Klin, P., Rzepiela, A., Elansary, H., Al-Mana, F., Mattar, M., & Ekiert, H. (2020). Artemisia absinthium L.—Importance in the History of Medicine, the Latest Advances in Phytochemistry and Therapeutical, Cosmetological and Culinary Uses. Plants, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091063.AselaSanphure Village
955NagalandHumanDiuretic, Anti Hypertensive, kidney stonediuretic, heart disease, High blood pressure, kidney stoneCorn is taken orally for diuretic, heart disease, hypertension, and kidney stone and for lowering blood pressureFreshly UsedNaga BhuttaCornZea mays🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernPardede, T., & Muchlisyam, M. (2018). ANALYSIS ON CALCIUM SOLUBILITY IN KIDNEY STONES (IN VITRO) AND DIURETIC EFFECT (IN VIVO) USING CORN SILK (ZEA MAYS L.) INFUSE. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 11, 80-83. https://doi.org/10.22159/AJPCR.2018.V11S1.26573.Gumaih, H., Alasbahy, A., Alharethi, S., Al-Asmari, S., & Al-Khulaidi, A. (2023). Antiurolithiasis activities of Zea mays extract and its mechanism as antiurolithiasis remedy.. American journal of clinical and experimental urology, 11 5, 443-451 .AselaSanphure Village
956NagalandHumanindigestion, dysentery and kidney problems, scurvy.indigestion, dysentery and kidney problems, scurvy.Fruit is taken orally for indigestion, dysentery and kidney problems; source of vitamin C and as astringent, also for treatment of human scurvy.Freshly UsedIndian gooseberry or amlaIndian gooseberry or amlaPhyllanthus emblica🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernSaini, R., Sharma, N., Oladeji, O., Sourirajan, A., Dev, K., Zengin, G., El‐Shazly, M., & Kumar, P. (2021). Traditional uses, bioactive composition, pharmacology, and toxicology of Phyllanthus emblica fruits: A comprehensive review.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 114570 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114570.AselaSanphure Village
957NagalandHumanLaxative, Anti bacterial, anti diabetes, jaundice and coldLaxative, Anti bacterial, anti diabetes, jaundice and coldFruits are taken as mild laxative, antibacterial, diabetes, cold & jaundice problems.Freshly UsedJa nuni, Kolia Kotahiwhite mulberryMorus alba🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernRodrigues, E., Marcelino, G., Silva, G., Figueiredo, P., Garcez, W., Corsino, J., Guimarães, R., & Freitas, K. (2019). Nutraceutical and Medicinal Potential of the Morus Species in Metabolic Dysfunctions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020301.Batiha, G., Al-Snafi, A., Thuwaini, M., Teibo, J., Shaheen, H., Akomolafe, A., Teibo, T., Al-Kuraishy, H., Al-Garbeeb, A., Alexiou, A., & Papadakis, M. (2023). Morus alba: a comprehensive phytochemical and pharmacological review. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 396, 1399 - 1413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-023-02434-4.AselaSanphure Village
958NagalandHumanAnti diabetes & GastritisDiabeties and gastric problemRoots are eaten raw during diabeties and gastric problem
Freshly UsedYaconSmallanthus sonchifoliusLeast ConcernRawal, P., Pandey, B., Yadav, R., & Panta, S. (2024). Antioxidant, Alpha‐Amylase Inhibitory and Hypoglycemic Activity of Smallanthus sonchifolius Leaves from Nepal: An Integrated In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Approach. Food Science & Nutrition, 13. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.4672.Caetano, B., De Moura, N., Almeida, A., Dias, M., Sivieri, K., & Barbisan, L. (2016). Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) as a Food Supplement: Health-Promoting Benefits of Fructooligosaccharides. Nutrients, 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8070436.ToshilaHutanger Village
959NagalandHumanAnalgesic, Antipyretic and Soapfever and headache and soap,shampooSeeds are pounded & used as soap, shampoo; also bark’s powder is used in fever and headache.soaking and powderingnicker beanMackay Bean, Queensland Bean,Entada scandens🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedToshilaHutanger Village
960NagalandHumanGastritis, pneumonia and skin desieasesstomach ache, cholera, dysentery, skin diseases, constipation, pneumoniaWhole plant is chewed as a raw for stomach ache, cholera, dysentery also applied on skin diseases and during constipation or pneumonia
Chewed"Aithang".Chameleon plantHouttuynia cordata🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedRafiq, S., Hao, H., Ijaz, M., & Raza, A. (2022). Pharmacological Effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunb (H. cordata): A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15091079.LithrongtsiChangchor Village
961NagalandHumanAs First Aid treatmentBruise, wounds and cutsThe leaves are crushed and the juice/extract is applied in Bruise, wounds and cuts.Paste"Sinapon" or "Sintrong".Redflower ragleafCrassocephalum crepidioides🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedCan, N., & Thao, D. (2020). Wound Healing Activity of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore. Leaf Hydroethanolic Extract. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2483187.TsatoseChangchor Village
962NagalandHumanAnthelmentics and anti viralStomach Worms For kids &FluAsh[Hot] filtered Water It is treated for Stomach Worms For kids &Flu
Decoction-KhumcholilaKiphire Village
963NagalandHumanCoughCoughLocal salt-KhumcholilaKiphire Village
964NagalandHumanstomach Achestomach AchePowder of Nutgal is consumed during stomach AchePowderThümpak (Lotha),NutgallRhus chinensis🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernKumzingmenPungro village
965NagalandHumanAnti diarrhealDiarrheaAround 5 leaves re crushedand consumed during diarrhoeaPasteYangtsuku or Naga GarlicHooker ChivesAllium hookeri🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedNo Scientific EvidencekiusangthongPungro Village
966NagalandHumanAnti inflammatoryswellingLeaves are heated near the fire and massagethe wound or past in a body where it swellsPaste or heated leaves"Eri" or "Eri Pohu"Castor plantRicinus communis🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedMoreno, A., Viles, E., & Cañete, P. (2023). Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of higuerilla (Ricinus communis) leaves in wistar rats. Health Leadership and Quality of Life. https://doi.org/10.56294/hl2023224.Hussain, A., Aslam, B., Muhammad, F., & Faisal, M. (2021). In vitro Antioxidant Activity and In vivo Anti-inflammatory Effect of Ricinus communis (L.) and Withania somnifera (L.) Hydroalcoholic Extracts in Rats. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2021200783.NgalitiThikenvong
967NagalandHumanAnalgesic and Treatment of jaundiceBody ache/jaundiceBody ache/jaundiceFresh Used
SugarcaneSaccharum officinarum🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedRaghuvanshi, D., Dhalaria, R., Sharma, A., Kumar, D., Kumar, H., Valis, M., Kuča, K., Verma, R., & Puri, S. (2021). Ethnomedicinal Plants Traditionally Used for the Treatment of Jaundice (Icterus) in Himachal Pradesh in Western Himalaya—A Review. Plants, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020232.Abbasi, A., Khan, M., Ahmad, M., Zafar, M., Khan, H., Muhammad, N., & Sultana, S. (2009). Medicinal plants used for the treatment of jaundice and hepatitis based on socio-economic documentation. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8, 1643-1650. https://doi.org/10.4314/AJB.V8I8.60358.YansusheAnatonger Village
968NagalandHumanBurn CareSkin Burnskin BurnPaste"Michinga Patta"Bamboo leafBambusa vulgaris🟤 BrownLeast ConcernLodhi, S., Jain, A., Rai, G., & Yadav, A. (2016). Preliminary investigation for wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of Bambusa vulgaris leaves in rats. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 7, 14 - 22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2015.07.001.
969NagalandHumanAnalgesic, AntipyreticBody ache/FeverBody ache/FeverFresh Used
LikokBitter eggplantSolanum aethiopicum🟤 BrownLeast ConcernC., O., C., E., & S., C. (2024). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Profiling of the Bioactive Compounds Present in Methanol Leaf Extract of Solanum Aethiopicum from Imo State, Nigeria. African Journal of Biology and Medical Research. https://doi.org/10.52589/ajbmr-wnxgcvpm.
970NagalandHumanTooth analgesicTooth acheTooth ache"mikhu"Sichuan pepperZanthoxylum🔵 Blue 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedJi, Y., Li, S., & Ho, C. (2019). Chemical composition, sensory properties and application of Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum genus). Food Science and Human Wellness. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FSHW.2019.03.008.
971NagalandHuman HealthHerbal treatment for abdominal painAbdominal painSap is extracted from the pine braches by removing the pulp when used as wood and then it is used to treat abdominal pain whenever required by wraping the sap in a cotton cloth and then it being blowed and rubbed over the pain area.AsiiPinetreePinus roxburghii (Himalayan pine)🔵 BlueLeast concernKaushik, D., Kumar, A., Kaushik, P., & Rana, A. C. (2012). Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences, 2012, 245431. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/245431ChonyilaDC Ward, Kiphire
Permanent address
Sangtsozo, Longmetra, Kiphire
Kiphire
972NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to treat vomitingVomitingDecoctionCrushingPomegranatePomegranatePunica granatum🔴 RedLeast concernHowell, A. B., & D'Souza, D. H. (2013). The Pomegranate: Effects on Bacteria and Viruses That Influence Human Health. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013, 606212. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/606212Sahin, K., Sahin Aktura, S., Bahceci, I., Mercantepe, T., Tumkaya, L., Topcu, A., Mercantepe, F., Duran, O. F., Uydu, H. A., & Yazici, Z. A. (2025). Is Punica granatum Efficient Against Sepsis? A Comparative Study of Amifostine Versus Pomegranate. Life (Basel), 15(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15010078ChonyilaDC Ward, Kiphire
Permanent address
Sangtsozo, Longmetra, Kiphire
Kiphire
973NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to treat constipationConstipationDecoctionCrushingPomegranatePomegranatePunica granatum🔴 RedLeast concernKuthiala, R., Deshpande, M., Parihar, P. S., Shirole, A., & Brahma, S. (2021). Beneficial Properties of Pomegranate Fruit in Treating Constipation, Boosting Memory And Various Other Uses For Human Body. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 8(01), 792-796. www.irjet.netChonyilaDC Ward, Kiphire
Permanent address
Sangtsozo, Longmetra, Kiphire
Kiphire
974NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy for general tonicGeneral TonicSoyabean seeds are being put in the water for 5-6 hours and then boiled. After fermentation it is being taken in the form of paste.FermentingMokomukungSoyabeanGlycine max🔴 RedNot EvaluatedJunaidi, J., Hasani, R., Rowa, S. S., Hamsina, H., Rifai, A., & Harliani, H., et al. (2025). GC–MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds of Ethanol Extract of Soybean Glycine Max (L.) Merril. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 9(4), 1553–1558. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v9i4.26ApichumlaDC, Ward, KiphireKiphire
975NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to control blood pressureControl blood pressureDecoction or eat like a vegetable with rice or bread after making the racipeeCrushingKhangkhasiClerodendrum colebrookianum🟢 GreenNot EvaluatedGupta, M., Mazumder, U. K., & Das, S. (1994). Effect of leaf extract from Clerodendron colebrookianum on blood pressure in rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 32(3), 216–217.Nath, S. C., & Bordoloi, D. N. (1991). Clerodendrum colebrookianum, a folk remedy for the treatment of hypertension in northeastern India. Journal of Pharmacognosy, 29(2), 127–129. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209109082863AchumlaBazar Ward, KiphireKiphire
976NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to coughCoughPasteKhangkhasiClerodendrum colebrookianum🟢 GreenNot EvaluatedKalita, R., Nath, D., Sandilya, S., & Deka, S. (2024). Evaluation of Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and In-Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Clerodendrum Colebrookianum Stem Extract. Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 14(2)AchumlaBazar Ward, KiphireKiphire
977NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to control blood pressureControl blood pressureEat it directly. It is very effective, people are using it.ChewingKhangkhasiClerodendrum colebrookianum🟢 GreenNot EvaluatedKalita, R., Nath, D., Sandilya, S., & Deka, S. (2024). Evaluation of Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and In-Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Clerodendrum Colebrookianum Stem Extract. Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 14(2).AchumlaBazar Ward, KiphireKiphire
978NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to increases milk in lactating motherIncreases milk in lactating motherPapaya is being peeles and boiled in water for some tme and after removing it from water. It is beiing served to the women having less breast milk.BoilingPapayaCarica papaya🔴 RedData deficientPratiwi, T. E., & Suwondo, A. (2018). Exclusive breastfeeding improvement program using Carica papaya leaf extract on the levels of prolactin hormones. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 7, 548–551.AchumlaBazar Ward, KiphireKiphire
979NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to control louse motionLouse motionCrush the leves and extract sap out of it and it is given to the patients. Adults can also eat it directly.CrushingLereachCrepersNot identifiedNot applicable-AchumlaBazar Ward, KiphireKiphire
980NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to cure craps during menstrual periodsCramps5 to 6 leaves of this plant are wrapped together to form a pad and after heating it for some time it is being put on the abdominal to relieve pain.
Sap is also applied
HeatingThsangritapaNot identifiedNot applicable-ChonyilaDC Ward, Kiphire
Permanent address
Sangtsozo, Longmetra, Kiphire
Kiphire
981NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to treat coughCoughDecoctionBoilingc/o. ChonyilaNot identifiedNot applicable-ChonyilaDC Ward, Kiphire
Permanent address
Sangtsozo, Longmetra, Kiphire
Kiphire
982NagalandHuman HealthLocal salt used to treat coughCoughLocal salt is being taken orally to treat cough. The tradional paractice of preparing this salt out of the water from a particular river of Kiphire District. Five frying pans are heated in a series and this water is being passed throug all the pans by transfering it into another till the water gets evaporated completely. Then a plate of banana paper is put on the last frying pan in which the salt is being stored to carry it in the form of a tikki.BoilingLocal SaltLocal SaltNot identifiedNot applicable-ChonyilaDC Ward, Kiphire
Permanent address
Sangtsozo, Longmetra, Kiphire
Kiphire
983NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy for diabetiesDiabetiesAdults can also eat it directly.ChewingLereachCrepersNot applicableOta, A., & Ulrih, N. (2017). An Overview of Herbal Products and Secondary Metabolites Used for Management of Type Two Diabetes. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00436.AchumlaBazar Ward, KiphireKiphire
984NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy for ringwormRingwormKoolpe whole plant, Anyanglungpli whole plant and Shingamizhi (Yellow ginger) rhyzome is crushed separetely to extract sap which is mixed together with same ratio and heated foe some time. After cooling down this is used to treat multiple skin diseases.MixingShingGingerZingiber officinale🔴 RedData DeficientKadam, D. (2022). MANAGEMENT OF DADRU (TINEA INFECTION) WITH HERBIMINIRALS: A CASE STUDY [An Ayurvedic management of Dadru (Tinea infection/Ringworm). Journal of Research and Education in Indian Medicine. https://doi.org/10.5455/jreim.82-1635266753.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
985NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to eczemaEczemaKoolpe whole plant, Anyanglungpli whole plant and Shingamizhi (Yellow ginger) rhyzome is crushed separetely to extract sap which is mixed together with same ratio and heated foe some time. After cooling down this is used to treat multiple skin diseases.MixingShingGingerZingiber officinale🔴 RedData DeficientNo Scientific ValidationMathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
986NagalandHerbal remedy for pilesPilesPineapple leaves and guawa middle leaves are boiled together for some time and after sieving the water is used to apply directly with a piece of cotton to treat piles.BoilingZhirongPineappleAnanas comosus🟤 BrownLeast ConcernNo Scientific ValidationMathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
987NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy joint painJoint painAllovera jel is mixed with the extract of multiple ingredients like Anyanglangpli, local ginger, Yacon (Ground apple), Shinzha, local garlic and tulsi and then applied on joints to releve painMixingAnipaAloe veraAloe barbadensis🔴 RedNot evaluatedZiaei, A., Sahranavard, S., & Faizi, M. (2016). Topical herbal remedies for treatment of joint pain according to Iranian Traditional Medicine. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy, 3, 63-72.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
988NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to blood coagulationBlood coagulationBambo skin is used directly on the live cuts to control bleedingPasteXuh zuBamboBabusaideae⚫ BlackNot evaluatedNo Scientific ValidationMathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
989NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to haedacheHaedacheTake it hot after boilingBoilingCoffeeCoffeeCoffea arabica🔵 BlueEndangeredKisoi, G. (2018). Comparative Analysis of Phytoconstituents, Caffeine Levels, Anti-bacterial Activities and Evolutionary Analysis of Acacia nilotica (subalata) and Coffea arabica Varieties (Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT-COHES).MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
990NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to control stressStressDecoctionAchumlaAchumlaCurcuma ungmensis🔵 BlueData DeficientNo Scientific ValidationMathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
991NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to blood cougulationBlood CougulationApply paste after crusingPasteBurma GhasBurma GhasAgeratina adenophora (Spreng.)🟤 BrownNot evaluatedKiblasan, J. I. A., Bangsail, R. T., & Paredes, A. L. Y. (2021). Efficacy of Philippine Ageratina Adenophoraas Home Remedy to Stop Bleedingamong Natives of Western Mountain Province. Medico-legal Update, 21(2), 1495.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
992NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to jamed blood painJamed blood painUse it directlyPasteTsitsvaTsitsvawild lettuce🟤 BrownNot evaluatedBesharat, S., Besharat, M., & Jabbari, A. (2009). Wild lettuce (Lactuca virosa) toxicity. Case Reports, 2009, bcr0620080134.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
993NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to contro dandruffDandruffUse it directlyCrushingCastorCastorRicinus communis⚫ BlackLeast ConcernSuharitha, K., Francis, A. M., Rohini, B. R., & Nikhila, S. (2021). Comparative Study of Averrhoa Bilimbi, Ricinus Communis and Saraca Asoca Leaf Extracts on Dandruff Causing Fungus and Bacterial Strains. Kristu Jayanti Journal of Core and Applied Biology (KJCAB), 17-21.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
994NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to cure coughCoughTurmeric with mustard oilCrushingMiyounTurmericCurcuma longa🟢 GreenNot evaluatedEkasari, W., Widyowati, R., Kurnia, N. D., Jayanegara, A. Q., Sari, A. L., & Sahu, R. K. (2025). Exploration of the Use of Traditional Herbs to Overcome Cough and Cold in Three Provinces of East Java Province. The Scientific World Journal, 2025(1), 1622754.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
995NagalandHuman HealthHerbal treatment for injuryInjuryUse directlyBlue GingerBlue GingerDichorisandra thyrsiflora⚫ BlackNear ThreatenedSaha, S., Alshammari, A., Albekairi, N. A., Zulfiquar, T. N., Shakil, M. S., Mondal, K. R., ... & Mubarak, M. S. (2024). Exploring the antioxidant and protective effects of Marsdenia thyrsiflora Hook. f. leaf extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rat models. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15, 1463922.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
996NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to control headacheHeadacheApply on headBoilingShingGingerZingiber officinale🔴 RedData DeficientNaeimi, M., Gorji, N., Memariani, Z., Moeini, R., Kamalinejad, M., & Kolangi, F. (2019). Gastroprotective herbs for headache management in Persian medicine: A comprehensive review.. Journal of integrative medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2019.11.004.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
997NagalandHuman HealthHerbal treatment fo cutSoreUse directlyPasteShing nyahBlack gingerKaempferia parviflora⚫BlackData Deficient (DD)Thairat, S., Chantadul, V., Kaewmuangmoon, J., & Mala, S. (2025). Effects of Thai Kaempferia Parviflora Extract on Human Gingival Fibroblasts: An in vitro Study of Wound Healing. Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry, 15, 126 - 133. https://doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_214_24.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
998NagalandHuman HealthHerbal treatment for burn injuryBurnApply it directlyCrushingaloveraaloveraAloe barbadensis🔴 RedNot assessedHuang, Y., Chen, K., Wang, J., & Lin, Y. (2024). Effects of aloe vera on burn injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irae061.Souad, B. (2025). Efficacy of Aloe Vera in the Treatment of Skin Burns: A review of its Therapeutic properties and Clinical Applications. International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.62877/10-ijcbs-25-27-21-10.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
999NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to control feverFeverTake with teaShinzhaGingerZingiber officinale🔴 RedData Deficient (DD)Bhowmik, D., Tripathi, K. K., Chandira, M. R., & Kumar, K. P. (2010). Zingiber officinale the herbal and traditional medicine and its therapeutically importance. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2(2), 102-110.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1000NagalandHuman HealthHerbal Tonic as imunity boosterTonicTake is directly as a fruit.ZhirongPineappleAnanas comosus🟤 BrownNot assessedMappa, M., & Kuna, M. (2022). The Use of Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) As an Antioxidant To Increase Immunity in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic Pemanfaatan Buah Nanas (Ananas comosus L.) Sebagai Antioksidan Untuk Meningkatkan Imunitas Tubuh di Era Pandemi Covid 19. .MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1001NagalandUnused plant in the forestUsed as fire wood onlyTeak TreeTectona grandis🟤 BrownEndangered (EN)Ruslim, Y., Sandalayuk, D., Kristiningrum, R., & Alam, A. (2021). Estimation of Above Ground Biomass and carbon stocks of Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea stands in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity. https://doi.org/10.13057/BIODIV/D220354.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1002NagalandHuman HealthHerbal treatment for cut or woundWound healingUse directlyCrushingBurma GhasBurma GhasAgeratina adenophora🟤 BrownNot assessed (invasive)Kiblasan, J., Bangsail, R., & Paredes, A. (2021). Efficacy of Philippine Ageratina Adenophoraas Home Remedy to Stop Bleedingamong Natives of Western Mountain Province. Medico Legal Update. https://doi.org/10.37506/MLU.V21I2.2905.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1003NagalandHuman HealthHerbal treatment for ulcerUlcerTake it as a vegetableBanana shuitBanana shuitMusa🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Ulser, T. (2016). Antiulcer activity of Musa paradisiaca [banana] tepal and skin extracts in ulcer induced albino mice. Malaysian journal of analytical sciences, 20(5), 1203-1216.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1004NagalandHuman HealthOrganic preservativeIncreases shelflife of meatBoil meet in banana leave it increases shelflife of pork and beaf meatBanana peelBanana shuitMusa🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Manzoor, A., & Ahmad, S. (2021). Banana Peel: Characteristics and consideration of its extract for use in meat products preservation: A review. ACS Food Science & Technology, 1(9), 1492-1506.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1005NagalandHuman HealthHerbal treatment to cure diabetesDiabetesChew directlyMangoMangoMangifera indica🟢 GreenData Deficient (DD)Ngo, D. H., Ngo, D. N., Vo, T. T. N., & Vo, T. S. (2019). Mechanism of action of Mangifera indica leaves for anti-diabetic activity. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 87(2), 13.Samanta, S., Chanda, R., Ganguli, S., Reddy, A. G., & Banerjee, J. (2019). Anti-diabetic activity of mango (Mangifera indica): a review. MOJ Bioequiv Availab, 6(2), 23-26.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1006NagalandHuman HealthRemedy to manage weightWeight loss and digestionEat directlyAvocadoAvocadoPersea americana🟢 GreenNot assessedHenning, S., Yang, J., Woo, S., Lee, R., Huang, J., Rasmusen, A., Carpenter, C., Thames, G., Gilbuena, I., Tseng, C., Heber, D., & Li, Z. (2019). Hass Avocado Inclusion in a Weight-Loss Diet Supported Weight Loss and Altered Gut Microbiota: A 12-Week Randomized, Parallel-Controlled Trial. Current Developments in Nutrition, 3. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz068.Wang, L., Tao, L., Hao, L., Stanley, T., Huang, K., Lambert, J., & Kris-Etherton, P. (2019). A Moderate-Fat Diet with One Avocado per Day Increases Plasma Antioxidants and Decreases the Oxidation of Small, Dense LDL in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of Nutrition, 150, 276 - 284. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz231.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1007NagalandHuman HealthRemedy to treat constipationsConstipationsEat directlyPapayaPapayaCarica papaya🔴 RedNot assessedAravind, G., Bhowmik, D., , S., & , G. (2013). Health Benefits and Medicinal Properties of Carica papaya. Annals of Plant Sciences, 2, 59-65.Ali, A., Devarajan, S., Waly, M., Essa, M. M., & Rahman, M. S. (2011). Nutritional and medicinal value of papaya (Carica papaya L.). Natural products and bioactive compounds in disease prevention, 34-42.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1008NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to contro dandruffDandruffUse it directlyCrushingCastorCastorRicinus communis🟢 GreenNot assessedK., S., Francis, A., R, R., S., N., & M., S. (2021). Comparative Study of Averrhoa Bilimbi, Ricinus Communis and Saraca Asoca Leaf Extracts on Dandruff Causing Fungus and Bacterial Strains. Kristu Jayanti Journal of Core and Applied Biology (KJCAB). https://doi.org/10.59176/kjcab.v1i1.2172.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1009NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to treat jouindsjaundiceJouinds, continue for 1 weekCrushingSugarcaneSaccharum officinarum🟤 BrownNot assessedPanjaitan, R. G. P., & Yuliana, Y. G. S. (2021). Ethno-Medicinal plants used for medication of jaundice by The Chinese, Dayak, and Malays ethnic in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Pharmacognosy Journal, 13(4).MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1010NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to treat kidney stoneKidney stoneTake its sap after extrationCrushingMatakwaMatakwaKalanchoe pinnata🟢 GreenNot evaluatedEl Abdellaoui, S., Destandau, E., Toribio, A., Elfakir, C., Lafosse, M., Renimel, I., ... & Landemarre, L. (2010). Bioactive molecules in Kalanchoe pinnata leaves: extraction, purification, and identification. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 398(3), 1329-1338.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1011NagalandHuman HealthHerbal tonic as imunity boosterTonicStephania can be used to balance acidity levels and promote the flow of chi (energy) in the body.CrushingChikasheChikasheStephania erecta Craib⚫ BlackNot evaluatedNo scientific validationMathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1012NagalandHuman HealthHerbal tonicPrevents agingIt as acts as an anti aging agentJuiceSugarcaneSaccharum officinarum🟢 GreenNot evaluatedNo scientific validationMathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1013NagalandHuman HealthHerbal treatment to cure dysenteryAbdominal painTake with milkCrushingMintMentha🟢 GreenLeast ConcernNo scientific validationMathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1014NagalandHuman HealthUsed to treat live cutCutUse directly, usually by smoking the plant or chewing it, in larger doses nicotine causes vomitingTobaccoNicotiana rustica🟤 BrownNot evaluatedDerleme, T. G. T. K. B. Traditional Medicinal Usage of Tobacco–A Review.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1015NagalandHuman HealthHerbal treatment to cure diahorreaDiahorreaA decoction of the bark is used to cure dysentery, while the dried buds are used to cure diahorrea. A decoction made from the root of the kachnar is said to prevent people becoming obese. An infusion of the flower buds is good to get rid of coughs.CookingKachnar or Orchid TreeFlower VegetableBauhinia variegata🟢 GreenLeast ConcernSingh, N., Singh, A., & Pabla, D. (2019). A Review on Medicinal Uses of Bauhinia Variegata Linn. , 7, 12-17.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1016NagalandHuman HealthUsed to treat constipationsConstipationsEat directlyBananaMusa paradisiaca🟢 GreenNot evaluatedImam, M. Z., & Akter, S. (2011). Musa paradisiaca L. and Musa sapientum L.: A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, (Issue), 14-20.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1017NagalandHuman HealthHerbal tonicIncreases digestionVegetable good for digestionBoilingPaanuTaroColocasia esculenta🟤 BrownLeast ConcernPrajapati, R., Kalariya, M., Umbarkar, R., Parmar, S., & Sheth, N. (2011). Colocasia esculenta: A potent indigenous plant. International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases, 1(2), 90-96.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1018NagalandHuman HealthHerbal treatment for blood controlBlood coagulationPowderd or paste is used on live cuts to control bloodCrushingPaanuTaroColocasia esculenta🟤 BrownLeast ConcernUfelle, S. A., Onyekwelu, K. C., Ghasi, S., Ezeh, C. O., Ezeh, R. C., & Esom, E. A. (2018). Effects of Colocasia esculenta leaf extract in anemic and normal wistar rats. Journal of Medical Sciences, 38(3), 102-106.MathewPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1019NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to treat constipationsConstipationsRecipeeCookingPaanuTaroColocasia esculenta🟤 BrownLeast ConcernPawar, H. A., Choudhary, P. D., & Kamat, S. R. (2018). An overview of traditionally used herb, Colocasia esculenta, as a phytomedicine. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 7(2), 2167-0412.PerilaPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1020NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to treat diarrheaDiarrheaRecipeeCookingPaanuTaroColocasia esculenta🟤 BrownLeast ConcernObsa Terfa, T., Abera Kebede, F., Kitessa Beyene, M., Tesfaye Abebe, T., Basazn Mekuria, A., & Seid Yesuf, J. (2024). Evaluation of In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activities of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of Peels of Colocasia esculenta (Araceae). Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2024(1), 2728282.PerilaPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1021NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to treat stomach acheStomach acheRecipeeCookingPaanuTaroColocasia esculenta🟤 BrownLeast ConcernPrajapati, R., Kalariya, M., Umbarkar, R., Parmar, S., & Sheth, N. (2011). Colocasia esculenta: A potent indigenous plant. International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases, 1(2), 90-96.PerilaPhelungre, KiphireKiphire
1022NagalandHuman HealthHerbal treatment for blood thinningBlood thinnerPrepairing consentrated lemon extract by squizing the lemmon, filteration and heating processBoilingLemonCitrus × limon🔵 BlueNo dataRiaz, A., Khan, R. A., Mirza, T., Mustansir, T., & Ahmed, M. (2014). In vitro/in vivo effect of Citrus limon (L. Burm. f.) juice on blood parameters, coagulation and anticoagulation factors in rabbits. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 27(4).EstherAnatongre, KiphireKiphire
1023NagalandHuman HealthNatural treatment for woundsWoundsRaw hony is appliedHoney-Not applicable-EstherAnatongre, KiphireKiphire
1024NagalandHuman HealthNatural treatment for woundsBurn cutsRaw hony is appliedHoney-Not applicable-Yılmaz, A., & Aygin, D. (2020). HONEY DRESSING IN WOUND TREATMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.. Complementary therapies in medicine, 51, 102388 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102388.EstherAnatongre, KiphireKiphire
1025NagalandHuman HealthHerbal treatment for gut healthGut healthRaw or sliced, dipped in sugar solution for 36 hours and mixed some termeric powder and then fri it in coconut oil paked it in polythene. Added ingrients, Sugar 1kg with 2 liters of water.FryingBananaMusa paradisiaca🔴 REDNot EvaluatedSingapurwa, N., Candra, I., Semariyani, A., Nursini, N., Kusumaningsih, P., Jiwantara, G., & Djelantik, S. (2025). Prebiotic ability of musa balbisiana colla stems on the growth of Pediococcus acidilactici in vitro and probiotic encapsulation. BIO Web of Conferences. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202515501006.EstherAnatongre, KiphireKiphire
1026NagalandNatural remedy for diabetesDiabetesCooked flowers are good food for diabeticsBananaMusa paradisiaca🔴 REDNot EvaluatedRotimi, D., Rotimi, D., Ogunniran, A., Ojo, O., Oluteye, T., & Maimako, R. (2024). The mechanism of Musa paradisiaca treatment in Diabetes mellitus. 2024 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Driving Sustainable Development Goals (SEB4SDG), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1109/SEB4SDG60871.2024.10629697.EstherAnatongre, KiphireKiphire
1027NagalandHuman HealthAlternative chipsConstipationsRound chips are prepraid by dipped in sugar solution for 36 hours and mixed some termeric powder and then fri it in coconut oil paked it in polythene. Added ingrients, Sugar 1kg with 2 liters of water.AppleMalus domestica🔴 REDNot EvaluatedOka, V., Nna, V., Inyang, E., & Ikpe, J. (2014). Methanolic extract of Malus domestica mitigates formalin - Induced derangements in small intestinal motility and transit. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 5, 45-50. https://doi.org/10.3126/AJMS.V5I3.9106.EstherAnatongre, KiphireKiphire
1028NagalandAgriculture PracticeNatural remedy to increase shelflife of seedsAntibacteriaKholar (Rajma) can be protected from damge due to pest by this herb for a year, Directly rub this herb with beans or add dry powderPomeloCitrus maxima🔴 REDLeast ConcernSingh, P., Shukla, R., Prakash, B., Kumar, A., Singh, S., Mishra, P., & Dubey, N. (2010). Chemical profile, antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic and antioxidant activity of Citrus maxima Burm. and Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck essential oils and their cyclic monoterpene, DL-limonene.. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 48 6, 1734-40 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.001.TsatosaYingshukui, KiphireKiphire
1029NagalandHuman HealthIron tonicIron deficiencyRecipeeCookingBeansPhaseolus vulgaris🔴 REDNot EvaluatedNsiri, K., & Krouma, A. (2023). The Key Physiological and Biochemical Traits Underlying Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Response to Iron Deficiency, and Related Interrelationships. Agronomy. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13082148.Kiphire
1030NagalandHuman HealthRegular food for diabeties patientsDiabetesBreadMaizeZea mays🔴 REDNot EvaluatedGomez, E. (2015). 113: THE EFFECTS OF CORN (ZEA MAYS) IN THE DIETARY MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. BMJ Open, 5. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-forum2015abstracts.113.Kiphire
1031NagalandHuman HealthSpice good for stomachStomach acheSpices, Serum is also made out of itCookingMountain PepperTasmannia lanceolata🔵 BLUENot EvaluatedCock, I. (2013). The phytochemistry and chemotherapeutic potential of Tasmannia lanceolata (Tasmanian pepper): A review. Pharmacognosy Communications, 3, 1-13.Kiphire
1032NagalandHuman HealthMillet good for bloodDecreases fat in bloodRecipeeMumtseJops tearCoix lacryma-jobi🔴 REDLeast ConcernLee, Y., Park, H., Cho, S., Park, S., & Kim, M. (2021). The Effect of Yulmu (Coix lacryma-jobi L.)-Sunsik on Obesity and Hyperlipidemia in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2021.50.7.664.Kiphire
1033NagalandHuman HealthNatural agent for skin whiteningSkin whiteningIts extrat is usedCrushingMumtseJops tearCoix lacryma-jobi🔴 REDLeast ConcernUehara, S., Yoshikawa, C., Yoshida, M., Mizuno, M., Ryu, A., Kyo, H., & Suzuki, N. (2019). Effect of the Hot Water Extract of Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf with Husks on Skin Improvement. Japanese Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1625/JCAM.16.33.Kiphire
1034NagalandHuman HealthVegetable used to treat gastric issueGastric IssueVegetavleThringpipiNot applicable-LirobaRisethsi, KipkireKiphire
1035NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to control bloodBlood CoagulationLeaves after crushing are applied directly.Burma gassBurma gassAgeratina adenophora🟤 BROWNNot ThreatenedKiblasan, J., Bangsail, R., & Paredes, A. (2021). Efficacy of Philippine Ageratina Adenophoraas Home Remedy to Stop Bleedingamong Natives of Western Mountain Province. Medico Legal Update. https://doi.org/10.37506/MLU.V21I2.2905.LirobaRisethsi, KipkireKiphire
1036NagalandHuman HealthUsed to control bloodBlood CougulantApplied directly, it is sticky and combines cut quicklyNichusingNot applicable-LilsachoRisethsi, KipkireKiphire
1037NagalandAnimal HealthGrassPig FeedGiven to pigs directlyPipipiNot applicable-Amahator, KiphireKiphire
1038NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to treat ringwormRingwormPut a piece of paper over effected area and wrap over a leaf over it with the help of a cloth piece, after some time remove it.AkangphuvhaNot applicable-ThriochumlaKisetong, KiphireKiphire
1039NagalandHuman HealthUsed to control bloodBlood CougulantUse directlyRangsiNot applicable-ThriochumlaKisetong, KiphireKiphire
1040NagalandHuman Healthmustard oil to treat headacheHeadacheHeat and wrap over headmustardBrassica nigra🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (global, IUCN 3.1)Vishwanath, B. (2021). Preparation and Characterization Mustard Oil, Nutmeg and Cloves to Treat Headache. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39526.ThriochumlaKisetong, KiphireKiphire
1041NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to treat coughCoughTake some quantity of crushed ginger with honeyShingGingerZingiber officinale🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownData Deficient (DD)Bera, K., Nosalova, G., Sivová, V., & Ray, B. (2016). Structural Elements and Cough Suppressing Activity of Polysaccharides from Zingiber officinale Rhizome. Phytotherapy Research, 30, 105 - 111. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5508.Bera, K., Nosalova, G., Sivova, V., & Ray, B. (2016). Structural elements and cough suppressing activity of polysaccharides from Zingiber officinale rhizome. Phytotherapy Research, 30(1), 105-111.ThriochumlaKisetong, KiphireKiphire
1042NagalandHuman HealthNatural facewashFace washRouse water is applied on face as tonerRoseRosa🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 BlueVaries; e.g., R. arabica is CRBhagwat, J., Bagwe, G., Aryan, A., Babar, H., Avhad, P., & Uppalwar, S. (2024). Herbal Medicinal Plant Used in Facewash for Skin Care. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0124.0214., A., Khisse, D., , P., Bari, S., , O., Patil, V., , M., Pakhare, K., , Y., & Kunjir, A. (2023). A REVIEW ON: ALOV VERA FACE WASH. .YangseloChangchor, KiphireKiphire
1043NagalandHuman HealthHerbal treatment for fungal infectionFungal InfectionUsed directlyAkangphuvhaPittosporum lancifolium🟫 BrownNot EvaluatedYangseloChangchor, KiphireKiphire
1044NagalandHuman HealthUsed to treat stomach acheStomach acheRecipee of leavesTringuvehNot applicable-YangseloChangchor, KiphireKiphire
1045NagalandHuman HealthUsed to control diabetesDiabetesBoiled leaves are given to diabetes PatientsZetongKoenigia mollis🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Bhutia, R., Rai, Y. K., & Rai, L. K. (2021). Wild edible plant used by ethnic peoples on the boundary of subtropical & temperate natural forest, Mamlay watershed, South Sikkim. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources (IJNPR)[Formerly Natural Product Radiance (NPR)], 11(4), 350-357.YangseloChangchor, KiphireKiphire
1046NagalandHuman HealthUsed to control blood pressureBlood pressureBoiled leaves are given to PB PatientsZetongKoenigia mollis🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)No scientific citationYangseloChangchor, KiphireKiphire
1047NagalandHuman HealthNatural tea to control diabetesdiabetiesEaten as geen tea for diabetiesAgurshiFigFicus carica🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Mazhin, S. A., Zaker, M. A., Shahbazian, H. B., Azemi, M. E., & Madanchi, N. (2016). Ficus carica leaves decoction on glycemic factors of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind clinical trial. Jundishapur. J. Nat. Pharm. Prod, 11, e25814.Gillani, M., Iftikhar, H., Lodhi, A., & Pasha, I. (2018). Development and Characterisation of Fig (Ficus carica) Leaves Tea with Special Reference to Hypoglycemic Effect: Ficus Leaves Tea for Hypoglycemia. Biological Sciences-PJSIR, 61(2), 78-83.YangseloChangchor, KiphireKiphire
1048NagalandHuman HealthNatural remedy to cure food poisoningFood poiseningGiven with recipeeSamiSumacRhus coriaria🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Al-Mousawi, A. H., Abass, A. A., & Mansor, M. R. (2023, December). Antibacterial activity of some plant extracts against bacteria that cause food poisoning diseases in meat beef. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2977, No. 1, p. 040136). AIP Publishing LLC.Aal-Tay, A. F. R. (2015). Natural phenolic extracts from cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), sumac (Rhus coriaria) and pomegranate (Punica granatum)-Potential application to control pathogenic bacteria in foods.YangseloChangchor, KiphireKiphire
1049NagalandHuman HealthNatural remedy to cure stomach acheStomach acheGiven with recipeeSamiSumacRhus coriaria🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Shabbir, A. (2012). Rhus coriaria linn, a plant of medicinal, nutritional and industrial importance: a review. J Anim Plant Sci, 22(2), 505-12.YangseloChangchor, KiphireKiphire
1050NagalandHuman HealthNatural remedy to cure loose motionLouse motionGiven with recipeeSamiSumacRhus coriaria🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Shabbir, A. (2012). Rhus coriaria linn, a plant of medicinal, nutritional and industrial importance: a review. J Anim Plant Sci, 22(2), 505-12.Janbaz, K. H., Shabbir, A., Mehmood, H., & Gilani, A. H. (2014). Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of Rhus coriaria in hyperactive gut disorders. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 9(4), 636.YangseloChangchor, KiphireKiphire
1051NagalandHuman HealthNatural remedy to cure vomitingVomitingGiven with recipeeSamiSumacRhus coriaria🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Shabbir, A. (2012). Rhus coriaria linn, a plant of medicinal, nutritional and industrial importance: a review. J Anim Plant Sci, 22(2), 505-12.YangseloChangchor, KiphireKiphire
1052NagalandHuman HealthNatural substance used for meet merinatationMeat merinationMixed with meetSamiSumacRhus coriaria🔵 BlueLeast Concern (LC)Shabbir, A. (2012). Rhus coriaria linn, a plant of medicinal, nutritional and industrial importance: a review. J Anim Plant Sci, 22(2), 505-12.Sakhr, K., & El Khatib, S. (2019). The use of Syrian Sumac (Rhus coriaria) as a meat tenderizer: effect on fat, protein and collagen profiles on pectoralis superficialis cut. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(8), 1203-1215.YangseloChangchor, KiphireKiphire
1053NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to cure tooth acheToothacheGiven directlyTsimingshi (Thorn leaves)Solanum viarum⚫ BlackNot Evaluated (NE)Pandey, S., Patel, P., Prasad, A., Sawant, S. V., & Misra, P. (2020). Assessment of direct shoot organogenesis and genetic fidelity in Solanum viarum Dunal—a commercially important medicinal plant. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 56(4), 538-547Thakur, M., Verma, R., Kumar, D., Das, P. P., Dhalaria, R., Kumar, A., ... & Kumar, D. (2024). Revisiting the ethnomedicinal, ethnopharmacological, phytoconstituents and phytoremediation of the plant Solanum viarum Dunal. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 397(8), 5513-5531.YangseloChangchor, KiphireKiphire
1054NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to cure toothacheToothacheToothache, chew directlySichuan PepperZanthoxylum piperitum🟢 GreenLeast Concern (LC)Kim, M. H., Lee, H. J., Park, J. C., Hong, J., & Yang, W. M. (2017). Zanthoxylum piperitum reversed alveolar bone loss of periodontitis via regulation of bone remodeling-related factors. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 195, 137-142.YangseloChangchor, KiphireKiphire
1055NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to cure muscle painMuscle painIts extract is used to muscle contraction and have potential in pain management.Sichuan PepperZanthoxylum piperitum🟢 GreenLeast Concern (LC)Yun, S. W., Seo, Y. J., Kwon, J. E., Park, D. W., Lee, Y. G., Choe, T. H., ... & Kang, S. C. (2022). Preclinical evaluation of Zanthoxylum piperitum Benn., traditional muscle pain remedy, for joint inflammation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 286, 114921.YangseloChangchor, KiphireKiphire
1056NagalandHuman HealthHerbal treatment for live cutsLive cutTo combine live woundcut by applying directlyAikhooncidium⚫ BlackNot Evaluated (NE)de Gaspi, F. O. D. G., Foglio, M. A., de Carvalho, J. E., Santos, G. M. T., Testa, M., Passarini Jr, J. R., ... & Mendonça, F. A. S. (2011). Effects of the topical application of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Oncidium flexuosum Sims.(Orchidaceae) and microcurrent on the healing of wounds surgically induced in Wistar rats. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011(1), 950347.YangseloChangchor, KiphireKiphire
1057NagalandHuman HealthNatural tea to control diabetesDiabetesEaten as geen tea for diabetiesNgursihFigFicus carica🔴 RedLeast Concern (LC)Mazhin, S. A., Zaker, M. A., Shahbazian, H. B., Azemi, M. E., & Madanchi, N. (2016). Ficus carica leaves decoction on glycemic factors of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind clinical trial. Jundishapur. J. Nat. Pharm. Prod, 11, e25814.YangseloChangchor, KiphireKiphire
1058NagalandHuman HealthTreatment for inflammationBody inflammationFern recipee helps to reduce inflammation in the bodyFernFernMatteuccia struthiopteris🟢 GreenNot Evaluated (global NE)Wang, X., Guo, J., Zang, S., Liu, B., & Wu, Y. (2024). Comparison of Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant Potential, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity and Volatile Components Based on HS-SPME-GC-MS of Different Parts from Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro. Molecules, 29(5), 1142.Dion, C., Haug, C., Guan, H., Ripoll, C., Spiteller, P., Coussaert, A., ... & Lamottke, K. (2015). Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potential of four fern species from China intended for use as food supplements. Natural Product Communications, 10(4), 1934578X1501000416.VitoliSitimi, KiphireKiphire
1059NagalandHuman HealthNatural blood thinig agentHeart issuesFlowers assist in reducing heart issueRotho denderonRhododendron arboreum🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)No scientific citationVitoliSitimi, KiphireKiphire
1060NagalandHuman HealthNatural blood thinig agentCholesterolFlowers assist in reducing cholesterol levelRotho denderonRhododendron arboreum🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Thangaraj, V. (2013). Hypolipidemic effect of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. linn flower juice in experimentally induced hypercholestermic rabbits.VitoliSitimi, KiphireKiphire
1061NagalandHuman HealthNatural oil helps to keep skin hydratedSkin moisturingUse directlyIndian Oliveloribundus BlumeNot applicableNot Evaluated (unclear identity)Badiu, D., & Rajendram, R. (2021). Effect of olive oil on the skin. Olives and olive oil in health and disease prevention, 401-413.VitoliSitimi, KiphireKiphire
1062NagalandHuman HealthOrganic vegetableVegetableShoots are eaten by humans as a vegetableNgursihFigFicus carica🔴 RedLeast Concern (LC)Hiwale, S. (2015). Fig (Ficus carica). In Sustainable Horticulture in semiarid dry lands (pp. 159-175). New Delhi: Springer India.VitoliSitimi, KiphireKiphire
1063NagalandHuman HealthLeaves are feed to pigsFeedLeaves are feed to pigsNgursihFigFicus carica🔴 RedLeast Concern (LC)Osowe, C. O., Olowu, O. P. A., Adu, O. A., Oloruntola, O. D., & Chineke, C. A. (2021). Proximate and mineral composition, phytochemical analysis, and antioxidant activity of fig trees (Ficus spp.) leaf powder. Asian journal of biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 9(1), 19-29.Baah, J., Tait, R. M., & Tuah, A. K. (1999). The effect of supplementation with ficus leaves on the utilization of cassava peels by sheep. Bioresource technology, 67(1), 47-51.VitoliSitimi, KiphireKiphire
1064NagalandHuman HealthAids digestionDigestionBoil and remove the outer skin of the taro and consume directly.AyieTaroColocasia esculenta🟢 GreenLeast Concern (LC)Zubair, M. W., Imran, A., Islam, F., Afzaal, M., Saeed, F., Zahra, S. M., ... & Awuchi, C. G. (2023). Functional profile and encapsulating properties of Colocasia esculenta (Taro). Food Science & Nutrition, 11(6), 2440-2449.Tu, L., Nisar, T., Lv, C. Q., Yang, Z. F., Fang, Z., Wang, Z. C., & Lin, Y. (2023). Physicochemical and digestive properties of Lipu taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) flour and starch. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 58(3), 1444-1453.VitoliSitimi, KiphireKiphire
1065NagalandHuman HealthTreatment for gastric issuesGastric problemRecipeeAkuhuYaconSmallanthus sonchifolius🟢 GreenNot Evaluated (NE)Pereira, M. F., Soares, I. D. C., Cabral, M. M., de Freitas, P. A., Sousa, G. M., Magalhães, S. C., ... & de Oliveira, K. A. (2025). Impacts of Yacon Syrup (Smallanthus sonchifolius) on Human Health: A Systematic Review of Scientific Evidence from the Last Decade. Nutrients, 17(5), 888.de Almeida Paula, H. A., Abranches, M. V., & de Luces Fortes Ferreira, C. L. (2015). Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius): A food with multiple functions. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 55(1), 32-40.VitoliSitimi, KiphireKiphire
1066NagalandHuman HealthNatural tooth cleanerTooth cleaningPulf of rootsAyako ThiWalnutJuglans regia⚫ BlackLeast Concern (LC)Khattak, P., Khalil, T., Bibi, S., Jabeen, H., Muhammad, N., Khan, M., & Liaqat, S. (2022). Juglans Regia (Walnut Tree) Bark in Dentistry. Pakistan BioMedical Journal. https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v5i1.201.Al-Rawi, R., Bashir, Y., Mustafa, A., Omar, M., Al-Rawi, N., Saeed, M., Uthman, A., & Al-Rawi, N. (2021). Teeth Whitening and Antibacterial Effects of Juglans regia Bark: A Preliminary Study. International Journal of Dentistry, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6685437.VitoliSitimi, KiphireKiphire
1067NagalandHuman HealthHerbal tonic to control blood presureLeavesBlood pressureNananeyaNot applicable-VitoliSitimi, KiphireKiphire
1068NagalandHuman HealthHerbal treatment to treat BPBlood pressureMultifunctional food, can be used food ingredient and spiceAnguthiSichuan PepperZanthoxylum piperitum🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Li, X., Kim, H. Y., Cui, H. Z., Cho, K. W., Kang, D. G., & Lee, H. S. (2010). Water extract of Zanthoxylum piperitum induces vascular relaxation via endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP signaling. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 129(2), 197-202.Yun, S. W., Seo, Y. J., Kwon, J. E., Park, D. W., Lee, Y. G., Choe, T. H., ... & Kang, S. C. (2022). Preclinical evaluation of Zanthoxylum piperitum Benn., traditional muscle pain remedy, for joint inflammation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 286, 114921.Sichuan Pepper
1069NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to impove digestionDigestionMultifunctional food, can be used food ingredient and spiceAnguthiSichuan PepperZanthoxylum piperitum🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Nooreen, Z., Tandon, S., Yadav, N. P., Kumar, P., Xuan, T. D., & Ahmad, A. (2019). Zanthoxylum: a review of its traditional uses, naturally occurring constituents and pharmacological properties. Current Organic Chemistry, 23(12), 1307-1341.Sichuan Pepper
1070NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy for respiratory systemRespiratory systemDecoctionChonyilaJusticia adhatoda L.🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Jothimangalam, M. S., & Deepa, M. (2022). Medicinal and Therapeutic use of Justicia adhatoda L. Thanuj International Publishers, Tamil Nadu, India, 366.Sobia, H. N., Khan, S., & Nadeem, F. (2018). Use of malabar nut (Justicia adhatoda L.) from traditional medicine to current pharmacopeia–A review study. Int J Chem Biochem Sci, 13, 46-51.
1071NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to treat coughCoughDecoctionChonyilaJusticia adhatoda L.🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Sobia, H. N., Khan, S., & Nadeem, F. (2018). Use of malabar nut (Justicia adhatoda L.) from traditional medicine to current pharmacopeia–A review study. Int J Chem Biochem Sci, 13, 46-51.
1072NagalandHuman HealthHome remedy to treat menstrual crampsMenstrual crampsRecipeeYoungchakSticky BeansParkia speciosa🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Ahmad, N. I., Rahman, S. A., Leong, Y. H., & Azizul, N. H. (2019). A review on the phytochemicals of Parkia speciosa, stinky beans as potential phytomedicine. J. Food Sci. Nutr. Res, 2(3), 151-173.Sticky Beans
1073NagalandHuman HealthHome remedy to treat cold and feverCold and feverRecipeeYoungchakSticky BeansParkia speciosa🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)No Scientific ValidationSticky Beans
1074NagalandHuman HealthHome remedy to treat back painBack painRecipeeYoungchakSticky BeansParkia speciosa🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Kamisah, Y., Othman, F., Qodriyah, H. M. S., & Jaarin, K. (2013). Parkia speciosa Hassk.: A potential phytomedicine. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013(1), 709028.Sticky Beans
1075NagalandHuman healthUsed to improve digestionDigestionBoil and remove the outer skin of the taro and consume directly.PaanuTaroColocasia esculenta🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Ubalua, A. O., Ewa, F., & Okeagu, O. D. (2016). Potentials and challenges of sustainable taro (Colocasia esculenta) production in Nigeria. J Appl Biol Biotechnol, 4(1), 53-59.Medicinal plant
1076NagalandHuman HealthFruit used to clesn gutGut cleaningUse directlyLoquatEriobotrya japonica🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Zhu, X., Wang, L., Zhao, T., & Jiang, Q. (2022). Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of Eriobotrya japonica leaves: A summary.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 115566 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115566.Loquat
1077NagalandHuman HealthImproves skinGood for skinUse directlyAvocadosPersea americana🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Lister, I. N., Amiruddin, H. L., Fachrial, E., & Girsang, E. (2021). Anti-aging effectiveness of avocado peel extract ointment (persea americana mill.) against hydration, collagen, and elasticity levels in wistar rat. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 173-184.Deuschle, V. C., Brusco, I., Piana, M., Faccin, H., de Carvalho, L. M., Oliveira, S. M., & Viana, C. (2019). Persea americana Mill. crude extract exhibits antinociceptive effect on UVB radiation-induced skin injury in mice. Inflammopharmacology, 27(2), 323-338.Avocados
1078NagalandHuman HealthNatural treatment for visionVisionUse directlyPersimmonDiospyros virginiana🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Sulastri, D., Khairina, Y., Christita, M., Larekeng, S. H., Simarmata, R., & Restu, M. (2025). A Review of diospyros species: antibacterial and antifungal compounds, microbiome interactions, and pathogen dynamics. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1445, No. 1, p. 012090). IOP Publishing.Persimmon
1079NagalandHuman HealthNatural tonicUse directlyLychiLitchi chinensis🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Zhao, L., Wang, K., Wang, K., Zhu, J., & Hu, Z. (2020). Nutrient components, health benefits, and safety of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.): A review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 19(4), 2139-2163.Lichi
1080NagalandHuman HealthRemedy to control feverFeverDecoctionJackfruitArtocarpus heterophyllus🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated (NE)Prakash, O., Kumar, R., Mishra, A., & Gupta, R. (2009). Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit): an overview. Pharmacognosy reviews, 3(6), 353.Jackfruit
1081NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to increases milk in lactating motherIncreases milk in lactating motherPapaya is being peeles and boiled in water for some tme and after removing it from water. It is beiing served to the women having less breast milk.PapayaCarica papaya🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownData DeficientPesak, E., Losu, F. N., Dompas, R., Lumy, F., Tirtawati, G. A., Pratiwi, D., ... & Tangka, J. W. (2021). Impact of papaya (Carica papaya l.) on breast milk production enhancement of nursing mothers at teling atas public health center, wanea subdistrict, manado city. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 9(B), 240-243.Ikhlasiah, M., Winarni, L. M., Poddar, S., & Bhaumik, A. (2020). The effects of papaya leaf juice for breastfeeding and working mothers on increasing prolactin hormone levels and infant's weight in Tangerang. Enfermeria clinica, 30, 202-205.Papaya
1082NagalandVeterinaryUsed to feed pigsPig feedFeedTapiocaManihot esculenta🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown" Not Evaluated (NE)"Wanapat, M., & Kang, S. (2015). Cassava chip (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as an energy source for ruminant feeding. Animal Nutrition, 1(4), 266-270.Orororo, O. C., Tonukari, N. J., Avwioroko, O. J., & Ezedom, T. (2014). Effect of supplementation of animal feed with dried cassava (Manihot esculenta) peels, and stems of Vernonia amygdalina and Pennisetum purpereum on some biochemical parameters in pigs. NISEB J, 14(4), 177-183Tapioca
1083NagalandHuman HealthTreament for digestionDigestionUse with other foodsAppleMalus domestica🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated.Patocka, J., Bhardwaj, K., Klimova, B., Nepovimova, E., Wu, Q., Landi, M., ... & Wu, W. (2020). Malus domestica: A review on nutritional features, chemical composition, traditional and medicinal value. Plants, 9(11), 1408.Apple
1084NagalandHuman HealthNatural remedy for weight lossWeight lossEating it with any recipeeCastorCastorRicinus communis🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernNo Scientific ValidationCastor
1085NagalandHuman HealthNatural remedy to improve sleepPoor sleepEating it with any recipeeCastorCastorRicinus communis🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernSabitha et al. "EVALUATOIN OF GENOTOXICITY OF RICINUS COMMUNIS (LEAVES AND SEEDS) BY THEIR SILVER NANO-PARTICLES USING COMET ASSAY." (2022).Castor
1086NagalandHuman HealthNatural remedy for kidney stoneKidney stonesEating it with any recipeeCastorCastorRicinus communis🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernPradeep Singh et al. "In vitro and ex vivo studies to assess the antiurolithiasis activity of phenolic components of Ricinus communis L. and Euphorbia hirta L. with simultaneous HPTLC analysis." Annals of Phytomedicine: An International Journal (2022). https://doi.org/10.54085/ap.2022.11.1.56.Castor
1087NagalandHuman HealthNatural remedy for hair lossHealthier hairBy applying the oilCastorCastorRicinus communis🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernPramodini, G. N., & Aswathi, E. THE VERSATILE CASTOR PLANT RICINUS COMMUNIS COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON THE MEDICINAL AND HEALTH BENEFITS.Castor
1088NagalandHuman HealthNatural remedy to treat joint painJoint painBy applying the oilCastorCastorRicinus communis🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernGupta, R., Chaudhary, A. K., & Sharma, R. (2024). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of Ricinus communis Linn.: evidence from pharmacology to clinical studies. Current Pharmacology Reports, 10(1), 27-67.Castor
1089NagalandHuman HealthNatural remedy for digestionBetter digestionEating it with any recipeeCastorCastorRicinus communis🟤 BrownLeast ConcernNo Scientific ValidationCastor
1090NagalandHuman HealthNatural remedy for skinSkin firm and youthfulBy applying the oilCastorCastorRicinus communis🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernBhushan, R., Sharma, V., Mishra, R., Yadav, M., Marde, R., Kabdwal, B., Karunakar, G., & Goswami, A. (2024). Ricinus Communis Significant role in Skin Disorders. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications. https://doi.org/10.35629/4494-0905662666.Castor
1091NagalandHuman HealthNatural remedy to incerease sperm qualityIncreasing sperm qualityEating it with any recipeeCastorCastorRicinus communis⚫ BlackLeast ConcernNo Scientific Validation ( antifertility effect)Castor
1092NagalandHuman HealthNatural remedy to treat painful crampsRelief from menstrual crampsBy applying the oilCastorCastorRicinus communis🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernKhan Marwat, S., Khan, E. A., Baloch, M. S., Sadiq, M., Ullah, I., Javaria, S., & Shaheen, S. (2017). Ricinus cmmunis: Ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 30(5).Safdar, A., Bibi, R., Ilyas, I., Irum, S., Fatima, S., Sikandar, R., ... & Qasim, M. Botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and toxicology of Ricinus communis L. A comprehensive.Castor
1093NagalandHuman HealthNatural remedy to treat irregular periodsIrregular cyclesEating it with any recipeeCastorCastorRicinus communis🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernKhadim, S., Malik, K., Qureshi, R., Misbah, M., & Rehman, S. (2023). Ethnogynecological study of traditional therapeutic plants used by the indigenous communities: A case study from District Gujrat Punjab, Pakistan. Ethnobotany Research and Applications. https://doi.org/10.32859/era.26.2.1-23.Castor
1094NagalandAgriculture PracticeLeaf extract used to control pestsPest controlExtract of leaves is sprayed to control pestsOrangeCitrus × sinensis🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedZewde, D. K., & Jembere, B. (2010). Evaluation of orange peel citrus sinensis (L) as a source of repellent, toxicant and protectant against Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: bruchidae). Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science, 2(1).Orange
1095NagalandAgriculture PracticeLeaf extract used to control pestsPest controlExtract of leaves is used to control pests amoung seedsLimeCitrus aurantifolia🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedMajeed, M. Z., Nawaz, M. I., Khan, R. R., Farooq, U., & Ma, C. S. (2018). Insecticidal effects of acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica (A. Juss), Citrus aurantium (L.), Citrus sinensis (L.) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehnh.) against mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Tropical and subtropical agroecosystems, 21(3).Simon-Oke, I. A., & Akeju, A. V. (2019). Laboratory evaluation of extract from peels and seeds of some Citrus species against Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Mosquito Research, 9.Lime
1096NagalandHuman healthRemedy to teat diarrheaControls diarrheaDirectly eat ripe bananasLasihBananaMusa acuminata🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernTn, C., Ahamed, M., & Bs, A. (2024). Ethnomedicinal and Pharmacological Properties of Cavendish Banana. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i02.19004.Banana
1097NagalandHuman HealthNatural remedy to control sign of agingTo reduce signs of agingExtract of leaves is usedMamgoMangifera indica🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernEl-Nashar, H., El-Labbad, E., Al-Azzawi, M., & Ashmawy, N. (2022). A New Xanthone Glycoside from Mangifera indica L.: Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Anti-Skin Aging Activities. Molecules, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092609.Agrawal, R. (2021). Pharmacological studies of Mangifera indica leaf extract. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2021.7.3.0100.Mamgo
1098NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to control diabetesDiabetesPeel is used for diabeties as decoctionPomeloCitrus maxima🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernAni, P. N., & Ochu, K. E. (2020). Anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective potential of shaddock (Citrus maxima) peel extract. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria, 19(3), 271-278.Mohammed, S. M., Abd-Almonuim, A. E., Majeed, A., & Khlaf, H. (2021). The Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Hyperlipidemia effect of Citrus maxima Fruit Peel extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 14(10), 5355-5358.Pomelo
1099NagalandHuman HealthNatural blood thinig agentBlood thinnerIts extract taken with water early in the morning ca act as a blood thinnerLemonCitrus × limon🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedLemon
1100NagalandHuman HealthNatural substance used for meet merinatationMeet merinationIts extract is used to merinate meetLemonCitrus × limon🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedLemon
1101NagalandHuman HealthHerbal remedy to treat vomitingVomitingDecoctionCrushingPomegranatePunica granatum🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernPomegranate
1102NagalandHuman HealthNatural blood tonicBllod PurificationUsed directlyFungiyansiRaspberryRubus idaeus🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Raspberry
1103NagalandNatural remedy to treat ulcersUlcersIt is used directly
1104NagalandHuman HealthHerbal treatment to control diabetesDiabetiesUsed as a vegetableRezakNattleUrtica🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern
1105NagalandVeterinaryGrassFeedPig feedPihihi
1106NagalandHuman HealthNatural remedy to control diabetesDiabetiesUse directlyMulasing
1107NagalandHuman HealthFruit used to treat heart disesesGood for heartUse after dryingPukhothiWild Applemalus sylvestris🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern
1108NagalandHuman healthSoup used to help digestionAiding digestionSlice and boil the bamboo shoots and consume the soupXuh zuBambo shootBambusa vulgaris🟤 BrownLeast ConcernBamboo shoot
1109NagalandHuman healthHerbal treatment to control diabetesControls diabetesMake juice in a blender and drink the fresh juice on an empty stomach.Shuku sihGrapesVitis vinefera🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern.Rahman, M. M., Islam, M. R., Shohag, S., Hossain, M. E., Rahaman, M. S., Islam, F., Ahmed, M., Mitra, S., Khandaker, M. U., Idris, A. M., Chidambaram, K., Emran, T. B., & Cavalu, S. (2022). The Multifunctional Role of Herbal Products in the Management of Diabetes and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules, 27(5), 1713.https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules270517133Grapes
1110NagalandHuman healthHerbal treatment to control diabetesAnti diabetic effectsPound the black ginger into fine powder (dry) and mix it with warm water/honey and consume.Shing nyahBlack gingerKaempferia parviflora🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownData Deficient (DD)Mohamad, Ahmad & Nordin, Muhammad & Ani, Ismail & Jemberang, Johan & Ishak, Reezal & Hasan, Ahmad & Ahmad, Muhammad & Omar, Mohd & Hamzah, Roszymah. (2021). Evaluating the Effect of Volten VR4® Kaempferia parviflora Extracts on Blood Glucose Levels in Human Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Individual: A Case-Control Study. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet. 104. 1610-6. 10.35755/jmedassocthai.2021.10.12751.Black ginger
1111NagalandHuman healthUsed to help digestionIndigestionSlice the pineaple into pulps or make juice and consumeJurongPineapleAnanas comosus🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Pineaple
1112NagalandHuman healthHerbal treatment to cure swellingSwellingSlice the pineaple into pulps or make juice and consumeJurongPineapleAnanas comosus🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Pineaple
1113NagalandHuman healthRemedy to control diarrheaControls diarrheaDirectly eat ripe bananas or boil green bananas and consumeLasihBananaMusa acuminata🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernBanana
1114NagalandHuman healthNatural lever tonicLiver detoxMake fresh juice of the cane and drink on an empty stomachMuthsupSugarcaneSaccharum officinarum🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedSugarcane
1115NagalandHuman healthTreament to cure woundsWound healingMake a paste of the guava leaves and apply on woundsMotrom vaGuava leavesPsidium guajava🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brownnot evaluatedGuava leaves
1116NagalandHuman healthTreatment for indigestionAids digestionBoil and remove the outer skin of the taro and consume directlyPaanuTaroColocasia esculenta🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernTaro
1117NagalandHuman healthHelps to remain hydratetedHydrationRemove the outer skin and slice the cucumber and directly consume it.LushahCucumberCucumis sativus🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedCucumber
1118NagalandHuman healthNatural tonicProteinClean and cook the beans with some spices and have it with cooked rice.LingleBeansPhaseolus vulgaris🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Beans
1119NagalandHuman healthNatural tonicVitamin BBoil the corn and consume directly.TsesuMaizeZea mays🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernMaize
1120NagalandHuman healthNatural teaHerbal teaRemove the outer layer and boil it with a little sugar and consumeMumtseJob tearsCoix lacryma-jobi🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedJob tears
1121NagalandHuman healthUsed to treat coldColdBoil sliced ginger with tea and consume during coldShingGingerZingiber officinale🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownData Deficient (DD)Shing
1122NagalandHuman healthHelps in digestionDigestionBoil sliced ginger with tea and consume during coldShingGingerZingiber officinale🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownData Deficient (DD)Shing
1123NagalandHuman healthNatural tonicAntioxidantsPound the sumac into fine powder and have it with warm water.SamiSumacRhus coriaria🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concern (LC)Sumac
1124NagalandHuman healthNatural tonicGut healthExtract fresh juice from the fruit and drink.MuthohWild appleMalus sylvestris🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernWild apple
1125NagalandHuman healthNatural tonicProvides fibreRemove the outer layer and consume directly.NgursihFigFicus carica🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernFig
1126NagalandHuman healthNatural tonicEnergy sourceClean and boil the tapioca with a pinch of salt and have it hot.SingrhoTapiocaManihot esculenta🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated.Tapioca
1127NagalandHuman healthHerbal treatment to cure gastritisGastritisExtract juice from the pulps and drink on an empty stomach in the morning hoursLuhpumAsh gourdBenincasa hispida🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedAsh gourd
1128NagalandHuman healthNatural deworming agentDewormingRoast the seeds and make fine powders, then boil with little salt and drinkAphyeru tsePumpkin seedsCucurbita🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast ConcernPumpkin seeds
1129NagalandHuman healthNatural tonicNutritionBoil it with little sugar and consume it directly.DitseLittle milletPanicum sumatrense🟤 BrownLeast ConcernLittle millet
1130NagalandHuman healthHelps to cure crampsMenstrual crampsBoiled dried skin for 2 to 3 minutes and serve like tea without adding sugarShekuthiWild hog plumspondias Axillaris🟤 BrownLeast Concernwild hog plum
1131NagalandHuman healthNatural teaTeaPound and keep dried in sunlight served like tea withoutsugarkholeithigooseberryphyllanthus🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concerngooseberry
1132NagalandHuman healthRemedy to treat internal injuryInjuryBoiled 2 to 3 minutes and drink half cupAwusuRed gingerzingiber🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated.Red ginger
1133NagalandHuman healthHelps in digestionDigestionMixed honey and jelly of alovera for skin and for digestion drink alovera juice with luke warm waterAnipaAloe veraAloe barbadensis🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluated.Alovera
1134NagalandHuman healthFruit used to treat heart disesesGood for heartUse after dryingpukhothiWild applemalus sylvestris🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concernwild apple
1135NagalandHuman healthRemedy to improve digestionDigestionUse directlyAlubokunaPlumPrunus domestica🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot Evaluatedplam
1136NagalandHuman healthDrink good for weight controlWeight loss and digestionDecoctionAucho zuBanana waterMusa paradisiaca🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concernbanana water
1137NagalandHuman healthRemedy to improve digestionDigestionUse directlyYekuthiPeachPrunus persica🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concernpeach
1138NagalandHuman healthHerbal treatment for blood thinningBlood thinnerPrepairing consentrated lemon extract by squizing the lemmon, filteration and heating processBoilingLemonLemonCitrus limon🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedLemon
1139NagalandHuman healthRemedy to treat weaknessWeaknessUse directlyGhakuthiWild nutswild nuts
1140NagalandHuman healthUsed to improve bone healthBone healthUse directlyKakuithiBlack BerryVaccinium corymbosum🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown-Black Berry
1141NagalandHuman healthRemedy to improve digestionDigestionUse directlyMasupathiPearPyrus communis🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownLeast Concernpear
1142NagalandHuman healthNatural tooth cleanerTooth whiteningClean with fresh water and rub in tooth area for whiteningGhakuthi nikawild nuts leaveswild nuts leaves
1143NagalandHuman healthNatural tonicTonicClean with water and peel skin and served directlyGround AppleGround Apple
1144NagalandHuman healthRemedy to cure injuryBlood clotClean with fresh water make paste and apply on blood clot areaLocal TurmericCurcuma longa🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownData Deficient (DD)Reveny, J., & Harahap, U. (2022). UTILIZATION OF WATER EXTRACT OF YELLOW POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) IN HYDROGEL EYE MASK AS ANTI-AGING FORMULATION. ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, 38(4).Local Turmeric
1145NagalandHuman healthTreatment to reduce painTooth achein traditional way it is fixed in the end of small bamboo pipe and use smoke to kill bacteria in tooth ache areaAghala khakhu
1146NagalandHuman healthRemedy to reduce sign of agingReduces signs of agingEat derictly after making a recipeePotatoSolanum tuberosum🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedDelaplace, P., Fauconnier, M. L., Sergeant, K., Dierick, J. F., Oufir, M., Van der Wal, F., ... & Du Jardin, P. (2009). Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber ageing induces changes in the proteome and antioxidants associated with the sprouting pattern. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60(4), 1273-1288.
1147NagalandHuman healthRemedy to control diabetesBlood sugar controlEat derictly after making a recipeePotatoSolanum tuberosum🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 BrownNot EvaluatedDas, K., Krishna, P., Sarkar, A., Ilangovan, S. S., & Sen, S. (2017). A review on pharmacological properties of Solanum tuberosum. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 10(5), 1517.

Preserving Traditional Knowledge, Enhancing Livelihoods, and Conserving Biodiversity in Baramulla, Jammu & Kashmir

In the Baramulla & Gurez valleys of Jammu and Kashmir, our initiative is dedicated to mapping and preserving the rich local bioresources, traditional knowledge systems, and grassroots innovations. Both regions are home to a diverse range of flora and fauna and a wealth of indigenous knowledge passed down through generations. Our mission is to empower local communities, particularly women, by leveraging their traditional knowledge of medicinal plants, wild edible herbs, and sustainable agricultural practices. Through carefully designed activities, we created sustainable livelihoods, conserve biodiversity, and promote rural development in collaboration with other stakeholders.

At the heart of our project are community-led activities that drive tangible outcomes. We begin with participatory biodiversity mapping, where local communities actively participate in scouting & documentation of local traditional knowledge and the region’s flora and fauna through workshops and field surveys. This creates a comprehensive database as the foundation for conservation and sustainable use. We conduct skill development and capacity-building sessions to empower women and farmers focused on sustainable harvesting, value addition, and entrepreneurship. These activities equip participants with the knowledge and tools to generate income through eco-friendly practices and small-scale enterprises. Additionally, we collaborate with research institutions to scientifically validate the efficacy of medicinal plants and traditional remedies, enhancing the credibility and market potential of local products.

Promoting sustainable farming practices is another key focus area. We organize workshops on organic farming, crop diversification, and soil conservation, which lead to improved agricultural productivity, reduced environmental impact, and strengthened food security. To ensure economic sustainability, we support SHGs and FPOs in developing market-ready products from wild edibles and medicinal plants while connecting them with buyers. This creates sustainable livelihoods, increases income, and fosters economic independence. Finally, we conduct awareness campaigns to educate communities on biodiversity conservation, the importance of traditional knowledge, and sustainable practices, fostering a sense of ownership and commitment to preserving their natural and cultural heritage.

We aim to achieve transformative outcomes through these activities, including empowering women and marginalised groups, preserving biodiversity and traditional knowledge, and strengthening community resilience and self-reliance. By fostering collaboration between local communities, researchers, and market players, we are working towards a sustainable future rooted in the rich traditions and natural wealth of the region. Together, we can create a lasting impact and ensure that the unique heritage of Jammu and Kashmir is preserved for generations to come.

List of products available in J&K

Sr. No.Kashmiri Products Value Added Products
1.       Gurez PeasApple Chips
2.       Gurez Kala JeeraApple Cider Vinegar
3.       Gurez Pinga RiceHoney Base Quince Muraba
4.       Gurez BeansQuince Slices
5.       Gurez HoneyQuince Bhee dana
6.       Gurez GheeQuince tea
7.       Kashmiri RiceApple Walnut Jam
8.       Aromatic RiceApple sun Dried Slices
9.       Red Chilly Sour Apple Pickle
10.    Red beansPear Chips
11.    Red MoongWalnut Butter
12.    Kashmiri Beans (Bagle)Roasted walnuts
13.    Mint powderWalnut Gachak
14.    Basil SeedsApricot Jam Sugar-free
15.    Shelled Walnuts Raspberry Jam
16.    Walnut KernelsRaspberry Squash
17.    Almond KernelsRaspberry fruit bar
18.    Dried ApricotCorn soyabean Sato as a supplement
19.    Ginger Garlic pasteTomato Passata (Puree)
20.    Coriander powderDry Fruit Honey
21.    Garlic PasteGinger Garlic paste
22.    Saffron oil mixture for the skin Coriander powder
23.    Lavender dried flowers Garlic Paste
24.    Lavender OilSaffron oil Mixture for the skin
25.    Cranberry BeansGreen Tea with Lavender essence
26.    Dried Rose leavesPure Rose Water
27.    Shelled HazelnutKehwa Mix (11 Ingredient)
28.    Face Scrub
29.    Pain Oil
30.    Nishasta Premix
31.     Herbal Ver Masala
32.     Tulsi Infused honey
33.     Shilajeet from Himalayan

Sustaining Traditional Knowledge, Empowering Livelihoods, and Conserving Biodiversity in Geyzing and Soreng District of West Sikkim, Sikkim

Erstwhile West Sikkim district, now divided into Geysing and Soreng, is a region of immense natural beauty, known for its diverse altitude range, rich agriculture, horticulture, and abundant flora and fauna. The district’s elevation varies from 400 meters to over 8,500 meters in the Eastern Himalayas, culminating at the majestic Mount Kanchenjunga (8,586 meters). This vast altitude range creates diverse climatic zones, from subtropical conditions in the lower valleys to alpine weather in the high mountains. The region experiences moderate to heavy rainfall, making it an ideal place for agriculture, horticulture, and biodiversity conservation.

Agriculture is the backbone of West Sikkim’s rural economy. Due to its hilly terrain, terrace farming is widely practised. Farmers rely on organic methods, as Sikkim is India’s first fully organic state. The district primarily produces cereals such as maize, millet, buckwheat, rice, and pulses like rajma, lentils, and soybeans. Spices, particularly large cardamom, ginger, and turmeric, are major cash crops that contribute significantly to the local economy. Traditional farming methods, including the use of compost and local pest control techniques, help maintain soil fertility and ensure sustainable agricultural practices.

Horticulture also plays a vital role in West Sikkim’s economy. The region’s favourable climate supports the cultivation of various fruits, including the famous Sikkim Mandarin (Citrus reticulata), guavas, pears, kiwis, plums, and peaches. Vegetables such as radish, carrot, potato, cabbage, cauliflower, and squash are grown abundantly, catering to local consumption and market as well. Additionally, medicinal and aromatic plants like wild orchids, rhododendrons, chirata, and Himalayan nettle thrive in the region. Floriculture is gaining popularity, with many farmers cultivating rhododendrons and orchids, which are widely admired for their beauty and commercial value

List of Products available in Sikkim

SL.NO.Product Name
1Paheli Dal
2Gahat Daal
3Mix dal
4Mashyam Dal
5Rato Pothrey Dal
6Black Dal
7Majhi Bodi dal
8Small Rajma
9Big Rajma
10Ghew Cibi Dal (Butter Bean)
11Thangrey Mashyam Dal
12Maize rice (Yellow)
13Maize rice (White)
14Turmeric Powder
15Buckwheat flour
16Millet flour
17Ginger Powder
18Churpi Supari
19Millet Chilla Mix
20Buckwheat Chilla Mix
21Millet Drink
22Lemongrass Extracted Water
23Red Cherry Pepper Paste
24Organic Tea Mix
25Nakima Pickle
26Bamboo-Shoot Pickle
27Nutella-Chimphing dry pickle
28Gundruk Dry Pickle
29Radish Pickle
30Red cherry Pepper Powder
31Red cherry pepper Flakes/Dry
32Dalle Chilli Oil
33Rose-Alovera Soap
34Honey-Alovera Soap
35Lavender-Turmuric-Alovera Soap
36Local Organic Ghee
37Local Organic Honey
38Large Cardamom
39Sinkauli Leaves (Bay leaves)
40Organic Tea

Preserving Traditional Knowledge, Enhancing Livelihoods, and Conserving Biodiversity in Kiphire District, Nagaland, India

In the 20 villages of Kiphire where we work, most people rely on agriculture as their primary source of livelihood. Many are subsistence farming, growing crops to meet their daily needs. Additionally, seasonal labour and artisanal activities also provide some income, although these are often irregular and offer lower earnings. As a result, the income levels in the area are generally low, with few people earning higher wages. The lack of diverse economic opportunities further limits people’s ability to improve their financial situation. This highlights the need for economic development initiatives to create more sustainable livelihoods and improve income levels across the district. It has a distinct cultural and socio-economic context and is relatively one of the most remote regions on the border of  Myanmar. 

People sustain their lives primarily by Jhum cultivation (shifting cultivation), hunting, and gathering tubers and greens from the nearby jungle areas. In addition, weaving, crafts, and a few other skills are also available in the study villages. The village council members or the Gram Budha (the cultural head of the village, usually the eldest male alive) are the main decision-makers in the village. Many educated youth have generally migrated to Kohima or Dimapur for jobs. Some youth are involved in small-time trading of consumer goods and transport, and some have government service, but many are unemployed. The prevalence of tree cover appears moderate across most villages. “Salomi” reports substantial tree presence, suggesting latent economic gains through timber, non-timber forest yields, or agroforestry. Half the people in “Amahator,” “Changchor,” and “Salomi” get additional income from livestock consisting of pigs, dogs, and poultry. Craft is present in almost all villages, but in only Salomi village, people sell craft products in the market.

Equipment purchased under the project

DBT Assets

S.No Asset Supplier Bill No. Bill Date Cost Location
1 Desktop/Laptop Prime It Solution, G-4 Time Square-II Bodakdev, Ahmedabad- 380054 767 31-03-2022 42,000 Srinagar (J&K)
2 Vegetable Dehydration Machine Rami International, D-504 Neelkanth, Narol, Ahmedabad- 382445 51 / 95 / 20 / 521 05-09-2023 2,53,110 Sikkim
3 Food Processing & Fractional Distillation Unit Dynamic Engineers, Vatava Ahmedabad-382440 3 17-04-2023 84,960 Srinagar (J&K)
4 Multipurpose Food Processing Unit Dharambir Food Processing Technologies Pvt Ltd, Yamunanagar, Haryana-135001 281 01-06-2022 1,06,200 Sikkim
5 Sorting, Grading, Packaging, Portable Loom Rema Engineers, Rami International, Plot No 5221,Ph-4 Vatva GIDC, Ahmedabad-382445 28 / 02 /81 / 282 01/03/2024 , 05/09/2023 , 22-09-2023 2,71,110 Kiphire (Nagaland)

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