Creating Social-Innovations & Entrepreneurial Opportunities
for Himalayan Bio-Resources
Sponsored By
Department of Biotechnology
Ministry of Science and Technology
Government of India
The Himalayan region, which is rich in bio-resources, also has a rich knowledge system. Although some are documented in research articles, news articles, books, and classical codified literature, much remains to be documented and disseminated across the states in the local language. We are building a bilingual (Hindi and English) database of 1000 innovations and knowledge of the farmers, artisans, mechanics, women, etc. The absence of a multilingual multimedia database of farmers’ innovations and knowledge may lead to “reinventing the wheel” in different geographies. Many of the local practices may have commercial value as well. Our idea is to document, disseminate, augment and trigger bio-enterprises based on socially or commercially viable technologies from and for the Himalayan region. The proposed platform will have innovations and traditional knowledge of agriculture, animal husbandry, culinary packable (pre-cooked) dried dishes of uncultivated plants/weeds, etc., food and agro-processing, OTC herbal formulations, vegetative dyes, fibres, etc. An e-commerce platform and a catalogue listing of the best bio products from the Himalayan states and Union territories, supplemented by local market interventions, will be one of the concrete outcomes besides the bilingual database. The platform shall also aggregate products from the other programme-implementing agencies. While market linkages of entrepreneurial ventures of validated and value-added products will be facilitated, the adoption of climate-smart agriculture and resilient varieties will be facilitated through on-farm trials. If successful, this platform will become a resource for a) sustainable herbal biotechnological solutions, b) innovative small farm equipment, and c) nutritious recipes for uncultivated plants/weeds, providing alternate sources of nutrition for economically poor sections and other products of the region.
ID | State | Category-Human, Veterinary, Agriculture | Title of Practice | Ailment/problem | practice in detail | Process Of Making | Ingredient/Plant)-1 (Write local name, English Name, Botanical name | English Name | Botanical Name | Prior Art Search(PAS) Code-red: clinical studies done; green- AYUSH, Blue- In vitro or In vivo study done; Brown: only ethnographical report ; black: not reported or unique | IUCN status Plant 1 | PAS-1 | PAS-2 | PAS-3 | PAS-4 | Knowledge Provider name | Village | Block | District |
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Local | English | Botanical | |||||||||||||||||
1 | Sikkim | Human | Titeypati leaves use for wounds,fever & Nose bleeding. | Wound, Feaver & Nose Bleeding | Making a paste and put it on wound, Juice of leaves used in Fever, Prevent blood flowing from nose. | Paste and extract (crush leaves by hand and get juice) | Titaypati | Mugwort | Artemisia vulgaris | 🟤 Brown, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Ekiert, H., Pajor, J., Klin, P., Rzepiela, A., Ślesak, H., & Szopa, A. (2020). Significance of Artemisia vulgaris L.(Common Mugwort) in the history of medicine and its possible contemporary applications substantiated by phytochemical and pharmacological studies. Molecules, 25(19), 4415. | Durgabir Subba 9593387842 | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
2 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Cannabis are use to cure gastrict and diarrhoea of cow & goat. | Stomach problem gastrict and diarrhoea | Given as fooder, Make paste and give with water | Paste, Drying (for off season availabilty) | Ganja | Cannabies | Cannabis sativa | 🟤 Brown, 🔵 Blue, 🔴 Red | Not Evaluated (NE) | Jain, N. K., Singh, S. P., & Singh, R. S. (1988). Hemp (Cannabis sativa) Residues for Livestock: A Note on the Effect of Water Treatment. | 1] Li, X., Wu, X., Cui, M., Hou, J., Yu, Z., & Gao, B. (2022). Cannabis sativa L. alleviates loperamide-induced constipation by modulating the composition of gut microbiota in mice. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 1033069. | Abikeshar Khatiwada 9735032747 | Middle Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||
3 | Sikkim | Human | Above ground parts-steamed and smelled during sinus trouble. Plant paste for fever, cold & cough and headache. | Sinus Trouble, Feaver, Cough & Cold and Headache. | Crush the leaves and roots, boil it and smell it at time of cough,feaver and headache. Leaves are kept in banana leaves and heat with fire and vapour inhale to cure Sinus. | Boil, Heat whole plant and juice (crush whole plant by hand) | Abhijalo | Tropical chickweed | Drymaria cordata | 🟤 Brown, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Kumari, S., Devi, P. M., & Singh, P. K. (n.d.). Drymaria cordata: Review at a glance. Interesjournals. | Nono, N. R., Nzowa, K. L., Ngoupaye, G. T., Telefo, P. B., & Djimeli, P. N. (2014, March 31). Drymaria cordata (Linn.) Willd (Caryophyllaceae): Ethnobotany, Pharmacology and Phytochemistry. | Kishore Dulal | Upper Kyongsha | Yangthang | Geyzing | ||
4 | Sikkim | Human | Use Chimphing seed as food at time of Cough, Fever, Stomach pain and Gastrict. | Cough, feaver, stomach pain and gastrict. | Crush the seeds and drink with hot water to cure cough, feaver and stomach pain. Seeds chwim to cure gastrict. | Drying | Chimphing | Nepali Hogweed | Heracleum nepalense | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bahadori, M. B., Dinparast, L., & Zengin, G. (2016). The Genus Heracleum: A Comprehensive Review on Its Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Ethnobotanical Values as a Useful Herb. Journal of Functional Foods, 25, 569-583. | Chandra bdr. Gurung | Khorong | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | |||
5 | Sikkim | Human | Crush the roots and put it on wounds and part of Broken bones. | Fracture and broken bones. | Roots use to crush then make paste and apply on the place of fracture or broken bones then tight with cloths. | Paste (Crush with the help of stones) | Bhuichampa | Indian crocus | Kaempferia rotunda | 🟤 Brown, 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bhowmik, D., Chiranjib, B., Kumar, K. P. S., & Raja, K. P. (2014). Medicinal plants and bone healing. Pharmacognosy Journal, 6(4), 1-8. | Krishikosh. (n.d.). Performance analysis of medicinal kaempferia species. | Nanda lal Gurung | Khorong | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | ||
6 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Roots used to cure lung diseases of cattle | Lung diseases of cattle | Roots use to crush and make paste and give cattle with fooder. | Paste (Crush with the help of stones) | Indreyni | Bitter snake gourd | Trichosanthes bracteata | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Kumari, R., Kushwaha, V., & Arya, V. K. (2025). Ethnobotanical and Pharmacological Potential of TrichosanthesSpecies. | Verma, R., Singh, G. P., & Kumar, S. (2010). Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic activity of aqueous extract of Trichosanthes bracteata fruits in animal model. Pharmacologyonline, 1, 8-16. | Pradeep Tamang | Pragati | Yangthang | Geyzing | ||
7 | Sikkim | Human | Use to control blood pressure. | Blood pressure | Boil like dal and eat with food or take as soup to cure high blood presuure. | Boiling | Sisnu | Nettle | Uritca dioca | 🟤 Brown, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Kumari, S., Devi, P. M., & Singh, P. K. (2022). A review of the effects of Urtica dioica (nettle) in metabolic syndrome.Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 33(4), 499-506. | Namazi, N., Esfanjani, A. T., Heshmati, J., Bahrami, A., & Nazemiyeh, H. (2025, June 11). A Systematic Review about Effects of Aerial Portions of Urtica dioica (Nettle) on Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Pharmacology, 8(5), 306–313. | M.K. Gurung | Darap | Darap | Geyzing | ||
8 | Sikkim | Human | Use for body pain, Back pain and give them to ladies at time of Pregnancy with Honey and milk. | Body pain, Back Pain and Pragnent women (to cure pain quickly) | Whole plant use to boil and drink like tea to cure back pain and body pain & give to prangnent woment mix with milk and honey. | Boiling, Drying (kept for future use) | Harchur | Leafless mistletoe | Viscum articulatum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Kumar, V., Kumar, P., Singh, S. K., & Sharma, M. (2017). Viscum articulatum Burm. f.: a review on its phytochemistry,pharmacology and traditional uses. ResearchGate. | Geetha, B. S., Anjaneyulu, N., Malleswari, B., & Sandeep, D. (2013). Antioxidant potential of Viscum articulatum burm. Chronicles of Young Scientists, 4(1), 35–37. | Nandalal Gurung | Khorong | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | ||
9 | Sikkim | Human | Use for Blood clothing and back pain | Back pain | Rhizome use to boil and eat as raw to cure back pain. | Boiling, drying (kept for future use) | Buriokahti | River astilbe | Astilbe rivularis | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Timalsena, S., & Lamichhane, P. P. (2016). Astilbe Rivularis: Bioactive Compounds and Pharmacological Functions.Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 25(10), 795-799. | Pradhan, S., Pandit, B., Sharma, S., & Mohanty, J. P. (2022). Astilbe rivularis: Phytoconstituent and Pharmacological activity. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 14(4), 227-230. | Abhikesar Khatiwara 9735032747 | Middle Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||
10 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Bamboo Leaves | Bamboo | Dendrocalamus sikkimensis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Aita Maya Subba 8372042540 | Lower Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
11 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal feed | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Hay grass | Phleum pratense | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Aita Maya Subba 8372042540 | Lower Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
12 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal feed | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Napier | Pennisetum purpureum | 🟤 Brown | Not Listed (NE) | Islam, M. R., Garcia, S. C., Islam, M. A., Bashar, M. K., Roy, A., Roy, B. K., Sarker, N. R., & Clark, C. E. F. (2024a). Ruminant Production from Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum): A Review. Animals, 14(3), 467. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14030467 | Muia, J. M. K., Abdulrazak, S. A., & Fujihara, T. (2000). The nutritive value of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and its potential for milk production with or without supplementation: A review. Tropical Grasslands, 34(2), 78-90. | Aita Maya Subba 8372042540 | Lower Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
13 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Amliso | tiger grass | Thysanolaena maxima | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Alam, M. J., Rahman, M. M., & Alam, M. S. (2017). Cultivation, production and management techniques of broom grass (Thysanolaena maxima Roxb.) in hilly areas of Bangladesh. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 51(1), 20–24. | Aita Maya Subba 8372042540 | Lower Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
14 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Rai khanew | Not applicable | - | Aita Maya Subba 8372042540 | Lower Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||||
15 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Nebaro | Roxburgh fig | Ficus auriculata | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Heuzé, V., & Tran, G. (2015, October 5). Roxburgh fig (Ficus auriculata). Feedipedia, a programme by INRAE, CIRAD,AFZ and FAO. | Kiden bhutia 9609775531 | Middle Kyongsha | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
16 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Baar | Thysanolaena latifolia | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Alam, M. J., Rahman, M. M., & Alam, M. S. (2017). Cultivation, production and management techniques of broom grass (Thysanolaena maxima Roxb.) in hilly areas of Bangladesh. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 51(1), 20–24. | Dorji, N. (2019). Effect of feeding broom grass (Thysanolaena maxima) as supplement during winter on milk yield and composition in Jersey cross cows. [BSc Thesis]. College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Lobesa. | Ran bhadur Subeddi | Lower kyongsha | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
17 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Barar | Thysanolaena maxima | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Alam, M. J., Rahman, M. M., & Alam, M. S. (2017). Cultivation, production and management techniques of broom grass (Thysanolaena maxima Roxb.) in hilly areas of Bangladesh. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 51(1), 20–24. | Dorji, N. (2019). Effect of feeding broom grass (Thysanolaena maxima) as supplement during winter on milk yield and composition in Jersey cross cows. [BSc Thesis]. College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Lobesa. | Ran bhadur Subeddi | Lower kyongsha | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
18 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Fultarul | Canna indica l. | 🟤 Brown, 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | Okonwu, K., & Ariaga, C. A. (2016). Nutritional Evaluation of Various Parts of Canna indica L. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 11(4), 1–5. | Sharma, J. N. (2013). Potential of Canna Indica Rhizome as a source of energy for milk production in cows. [BSc Thesis]. College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Lobesa. | Passang Bhutia 9609861022 | Middle kyongsha | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
19 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Kutmero | Thysanolaena agrostis | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Anita dulal | Middle Kyongsha | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
20 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Chuletro | Brassaiopsis hainla | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bhakta rai 9733149392 | Middle Kyongsha | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
21 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Lipey | Setaria sphacelata | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Bhakta rai 9733149392 | Middle Kyongsha | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
22 | Sikkim | Human | Use for Proper Urination, Diabities and clen stomach. | Urination, Diabities and clean stomach. | Sticks of the plant eat like sugarcane to cure urination, stomach problem and diabities problem. | Fresh used | Bet lauree | Costus | Costus speciosus | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🔴 Red | Least Concern (LC) | Azhagu Madhavan, S., Vijayalakshmi, M., Sangeetha, K., & Gayathri, M. (2021). A Literature Review of Anti-Diabetic Medicinal Plant Properties (Costus speices). Journal of Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences, 2(5), 305-310. | Kamal Gurung | Sardung | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | |||
23 | Sikkim | Human | Plant used in Jaundice | Jaundice | Roots use to crush and extract juice use to drink to cure jaundice. | Extract juice fresh | Halhaley | Rumex nepallensis | 🟤 Brown, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | DB Basnet | Upper Baluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
24 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder and masquito repellent | Fodder for improving cattle/goat weight gaining and masquito repellent. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle, use fresh grass use to fire to avoid masquito in rainy season. | Fresh used | Kuro | Hackelia uncinata | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated / No data | Tisgratog, R., Sanguanpong, U., Grieco, J., Ngoen-Kluan, R., & Chareonviriyaphap, T. (2016). Plants traditionally used as mosquito repellents and the implication for their use in vector control.. Acta tropica, 157, 136-44 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.024. | Yavaşoğlu, S., Wood, M., Bull, J., Alkış, N., Doğan, E., Alkhaibari, A., & Butt, T. (2024). Novo plant-based mosquito repellent shows promise for exclusion of Aedes mosquitoes from “window” entry. Journal of Medical Entomology, 62, 39 - 46. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjae137. | OM Bdr. Khadka 8145748982 | Dhangrey, Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
25 | Sikkim | Human | Mosquito repellent | Mosquito repellent | Leaves & small branches use to dry for 3 days in sunlight and use as inincense sticks to avoid maquitos and flys. | Drying | Dhuppi | Cryptomeria japonica | 🔵 Blue | Near Threatened | Gu, H., Cheng, S., Lin, C., Huang, C., Chen, W., & Chang, S. (2009). Repellency of essential oils of Cryptomeria japonica (Pinaceae) against adults of the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera:Culicidae).. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 57 23, 11127-33 . https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9024486. | San Kr. Khatiwara 9735087569 | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
26 | Sikkim | Human | Crush the bark to cure fracture. | Fracture | Crush the bark and make paste and bend it with cotton cloth on fracture. | Paste | Gogun | Saurauia napaulensis | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Scientific validation not available | OM Bdr. Khadka 8145748982 | Dhangrey, Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
27 | Sikkim | Human | Ginger used for cough and cold | ginger is used to cure cough and cold | ginger is roast in fire or fried in musterd oil and chew directly | Roast in fire and dried for future uses | Adhuwa | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | 🔴 Red 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient | Wang, Y., Wang, X., Tian, S., & Gao, H. (2024). [Prediction of mechanism of ginger-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma in intervening in cough due to cold and dampness in lung based on network pharmacology].. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica, 49 20, 5460-5468 . https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20240716.304. | Akbar, S. (2020). Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberaceae). , 1957-1997. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16807-0_199. | Man bdr limboo | Kageythang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||
28 | Sikkim | Human | Garlic used for high blood presure | Garlic is used to eat in high preasure to control high preasure | Garlic is cook with food or eaten raw during high blood preasure | Boiled or draying in sunlight for future use | Lashun | Garlic | Allium sativum | 🔴 Red 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated / No data | Sleiman, C., Daou, R., Hazzouri, A., Hamdan, Z., Ghadieh, H., Harbieh, B., & Romani, M. (2024). Garlic and Hypertension: Efficacy, Mechanism of Action, and Clinical Implications. Nutrients, 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172895. | Ried, K. (2016). Garlic Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Individuals, Regulates Serum Cholesterol, and Stimulates Immunity: An Updated Meta-analysis and Review.. The Journal of nutrition, 146 2, 389S-396S . https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.202192. | P.B Gautam 9647879414 | Barthang | Burmiok | Geyzing | ||
29 | Sikkim | Veterinary | turmeric is used for ill local chicken | Turmeric is used for wounded local chicken | turmeric powder is mix with mustered oil and apply in wound of chicken | drying in sunlight and mix with mustered oil | Hardi | Turmeric | Curcuma longa | 🟤 Brown 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated / No data | Aderemi, F., & Alabi, O. (2023). Turmeric (Curcuma longa): an alternative to antibiotics in poultry nutrition. Translational Animal Science, 7. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txad133. | Rizwan, M., Irshad, H., Jamil, T., Tahir, S., Faraz, A., Babar, M., Din, Q., & Soomro, H. (2023). TURMERIC'S ROLE AS A NATURAL ANTIBIOTIC AGAINST IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DISEASES IN POULTRY. Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2023i1.602. | P.B Gautam 9647879414 | Barthang | Burmiok | Geyzing | ||
30 | Sikkim | Human | Crush the root and make paste to cure fracture. | Fracture and skin cuts. | Crush the roots and make paste, put that on wound or fracture. It is very sticky substance which use to cure skin cuts. | Paste | Chiple | Pilea umbrosa Blume | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Scientific validation not available | Resam lal Rai 977519287 | Lower Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
31 | Sikkim | Human | crush its leaves and make gum to cure fracture | Fracture and to prevent blood flow from wound | crush leaves and gum of plant used for cure fracture and in cut wounds | Paste | Gobre salla | Himlayan silver fir | Abies wabbiana | 🟤 Brown | Near Threatened | Scientific validation not available | P.B Gautam 9647879414 | Barthang | Burmiok | Geyzing | |||
32 | Sikkim | Human | Root and Rhizome are used for to cure fever and skin diseases | feaver and skin diseases | Not applicable | Not Evaluated / No data | Promod, D. (2018). Haridra (Curcuma Longa Linn.) A Classical Review. . https://doi.org/10.18535/ijahm/v7i6.07. | P.B Gautam 9647879414 | Barthang | Burmiok | Geyzing | ||||||||
33 | Sikkim | Human | gum used in back pain and also for muscle pain | Back pain and muscle pain | Gum (comes from shoot) used in back pain used as tea. Also used for muscle pain.The gum comes one time in six years. | Paste | Bajranth | Quercus lamellosa Smith | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ding, L., Liu, J., Yao, Y., Guo, L., Chen, B., Cao, Y., & Girard, O. (2025). Caffeinated chewing gum enhances maximal strength and muscular endurance during bench press and back squat exercises in resistance-trained men. Frontiers in Nutrition, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1540552. | Umeda, M., Kempka, L., Weatherby, A., Greenlee, B., & Mansion, K. (2016). Effects of caffeinated chewing gum on muscle pain during submaximal isometric exercise in individuals with fibromyalgia. Physiology & Behavior, 157, 139-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.02.008. | Nandalal Gurung 7547985281 | Khorong | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | |||
34 | Sikkim | Human | Boil the whole plant to control fever and diabetes. | fever and diabetes. | Whole plants boiled and take it as tea for treating fever and diabetes. | boiled in water | Chiraito | Swertia chirayita | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🔴 Red | Endangered | Dey, P., Singh, J., Suluvoy, J., Dilip, K., & Nayak, J. (2020). Utilization of Swertia chirayita Plant Extracts for Management of Diabetes and Associated Disorders: Present Status, Future Prospects and Limitations. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 10, 431 - 443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13659-020-00277-7. | Bisht, D., Gupta, M., Srivastava, S., Datt, B., & Rawat, A. (2011). Comparative pharmacognostic evaluation of three species of Swertia L. (Gentianaceae).. Polymer Journal, 3, 7-12. https://doi.org/10.5530/PJ.2011.19.2. | kumar limboo 8348490808 | Pragiti village | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
35 | Sikkim | Human | seeds are cursed to control high fever, asthma and throat pain. | high fever, asthma and throat pain. | seeds are cursed and take it with water to control high fever, asthma and throat pain. | crushed with stone and taken ith water | Totala flower | Oroxylum indicum | 🔵 Blue 🟢Green 🔴 Red 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated, though widely used medicinally | Jagetia, G. (2021). A Review on the Medicinal and Pharmacological Properties of Traditional Ethnomedicinal Plant Sonapatha, Oroxylum indicum. Sinusitis. https://doi.org/10.3390/SINUSITIS5010009. | Lee, A., Kang, S., Park, S., Huang, J., & Im, D. (2016). Anti-Allergic Effect of Oroxylin A from Oroxylum indicum Using in vivo and in vitro Experiments. Biomolecules & Therapeutics, 24, 283 - 290. https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2016.071. | Sanjay hang subba | Tashiding village | Tashiding | Geyzing | |||
36 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits used for Gastric and food poisoning. | Gastric and Food poisoning. | Fruits use to make pasteand consumed for Food poisoning and Gastric. | crush or dry in sun light for future use | Bokay timbur | Zanthoxylum acanthopodium | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Septama, A., Rahmi, E., Tasfiyati, A., Khairunnisa, N., Nasution, H., Nirmal, N., Banjarnahor, S., , N., & Priyatmojo, D. (2024). Chemical profiles and antibacterial actions of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. Essential oil growing in Indonesia.. Fitoterapia, 180, 106300 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106300. | Yang, J., Song, X., Hu, H., Zhong, W., Cao, R., Xu, Y., & Li, R. (2022). Chemical Composition and Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiviral, and Larvicidal Activities of the Essential Oils of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. from China and Myanmar. Molecules, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165243. | Sanjay hang Subba | Tashiding village | Tashiding | Geyzing | |||
37 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves and stems used on cuts to stop bleeding and infection. | Cuts, bleeding and infection. | Leaves and stems extract used on cuts to stop bleeding and infection. | crush in hand | Banmara | Eupatorium cannabium | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated / No data | Vlase, G., Segneanu, A., Bejenaru, L., Bradu, I., Sicoe, C., Vlase, T., Mogoșanu, G., Buema, G., Herea, D., Ciocîlteu, M., & Bejenaru, C. (2025). Wild-Grown Romanian Eupatorium cannabinum: Advancing Phyto-Nanocarriers via Maltodextrin Micro-Spray Encapsulation—Metabolite Profiling, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxicity Insights. Polymers, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17040482. | Wang, X., , S., Lai, F., Wang, Y., & Lou, C. (2020). Traditional Applications, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities of Eupatorium lindleyanum DC.: A Comprehensive Review. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.577124. | Topgay Bhutia 9679632125 | Middle Kyongsha | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
38 | Sikkim | Human | Seeds are consumed stone issues and treating chicken pox. | stone issues and chicken pox. | Seeds are consumed as dal in stone issues and for treating chicken pox. | boiled in water | Gahat | Dolichus uniflorus | 🔴 Red 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated / No data | Scientific validation not available | Ran Maya Gurung | khorang village | Upper Lingchome | Geyzing | ||||
39 | Sikkim | Human | Roots use for inhaled to cure sinusitis. | sinusitis issue | Roots are crushed and inhaled to cure sinusitis. | crush and boil in water | Pinase lara | Clematic buchnaniana | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated / No data | Scientific validation not available | Ran Maya Gurung | khorang village | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | ||||
40 | Sikkim | Human | Whole plant is Used as laxative | laxative problem | Whole plant is Used to crush and make powder to cure laxative. | Paste | Kutki | Picrorhiza kurooa | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Vulnerable | Akbar, S. (2020). Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth.(Plantaginaceae). In Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants: A Comprehensive Review of Their Traditional Medical Uses and Scientific Justifications (pp. 1409-1417). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Man Kumar Rai | Bhadung village | Upper Kyongsha | Geyzing | ||||
41 | Sikkim | Human | Stem used for urinary problem and roots for tonic. | urinary problem and tonic. | Stem of the herb make paste and powder for urinary problem and roots are talking as tonic. | Paste | Kukur Dainey | Smilax zeylanica | 🟤 Brown 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated / No data | Das, T., Mishra, S. B., Saha, D., & Agarwal, S. (2012). Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by ethnic and rural people in Eastern Sikkim Himalayan region. African Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 4(1), 16-20. | Man Kumar Rai | Bhadung village | Upper Kyongsha | Geyzing | ||||
42 | Sikkim | Human | Tree bark to cure diarrhoea. | diarrhoea. | Tree bark and shoots juice mix with water use to cure diarrhoea. | boiled in water | Guava tree | Psiddium guajava | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🔴 Red 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated / No data | Liu, C., Jullian, V., & Chassagne, F. (2024). Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and biological activities of Psidium guajava in the treatment of diarrhea: a review. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15, 1459066. | ISIAHO, I. B. (2024). UTILITY OF HOSPITAL DATA TO CHARACTERIZE DIARRHOEAL BACTERIA AND THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO GUAVA LEAF (Psidium guajava) EXTRACTS IN VIHIGA COUNTY, KENYA (Doctoral dissertation). | Bikash Darjee | Pragiti village | Upper Kyongsha | Geyzing | |||
43 | Sikkim | Agriculture | Roots for food colour. | Food colour. | Roots make powder and use for food colour. | Dry in sunlight | Majito | Rubia cordifolia | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated / No data | Kaur, P., Chandel, M., Kumar, S., Kumar, N., Singh, B., & Kaur, S. (2010). Modulatory role of alizarin from Rubia cordifolia L. against genotoxicity of mutagens.. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 48 1, 320-5 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.019. | Murthy, H., Joseph, K., Paek, K., & Park, S. (2022). Anthraquinone Production from Cell and Organ Cultures of Rubia Species: An Overview. Metabolites, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010039. | Amchung Maily Bhutia | Pragiti village | Middle Kyongsha | Geyzing | |||
44 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Rhizomes, use as fooder and shoot use for stalking. | Fresh used | Thulo narkat | Arundo donax L. | 🟤 Brown 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated / No data | Rajput, P., & Chaubey, K. K. (2023). Biological Activities and Medicinal Uses of Arundo Donax L. In Aquatic Medicinal Plants (pp. 163-174). CRC Press. | Sachan, K., Chaudhary, A. K., Ahmad, S., & Nagarajan, K. (2023). ARUNDO DONAX L.: A SCIENTIFIC UPDATE. Indian Drugs, 60(03), 03. | Amchung Maily Bhutia | Pragiti village | Middle Kyongsha | Geyzing | |||
45 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits for Diabetic paitent. | Diabetic | fruits use to boil and give to Diabetic patient. | boiled in water | Yongchak | Parkia roxburghii | 🟤 Brown 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated / No data | Sheikh, Y., Maibam, B. C., Talukdar, N. C., Deka, D. C., & Borah, J. C. (2016). In vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective effects of edible pods of Parkia roxburghii and quantification of the active constituent by HPLC-PDA. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 191, 21-28. | Abhishaker khatiwara 9735032747 | Middle Omloge | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
46 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Kimbu | Morus alba | 🟤 Brown 🔵 Blue 🔴 Red 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated / No data | Ayaz, M., Ullah, F., Sadiq, A., Nawaz, A., Yessimbekov, Z., & Ashraf, M. (2023). Morus alba L. In Himalayan Fruits and Berries (pp. 251-270). Academic Press. | Abhishaker khatiwara 9735032747 | Middle Omloge | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
47 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Seeds, protect eggs traditionally. | protect eggs | Seeds kept with eggs to protect traditionally. | whole fruit keept with Egg | Baldhangray | Entada scandens | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated / No data | No scientifc validation | Abhishaker khatiwara 9735032747 | Middle Omloge | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
48 | Sikkim | Human | use as fooder | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Thumbai | Leucas asper | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated / No data | De La Torre-Santos, S., Royo, L., Martínez-Fernández, A., Chocarro, C., & Vicente, F. (2020). The Mode of Grass Supply to Dairy Cows Impacts on Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profile of Milk. Foods, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091256. | Bikash Gurung 9609025496 | Hee Goaw | Dengtam | Geyzing | ||||
49 | Sikkim | Human | bark to cure diarrhoea. | diarrhoea. | bark crushed and chew to cure diarrhoea. | crushed with stone and taken ith water | Ambak | Psidium guajava | 🔴 Red | Near Threatened | Lin, J., Puckree, T., & Mvelase, T. (2002). Anti-diarrhoeal evaluation of some medicinal plants used by Zulu traditional healers.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 79 1, 53-6 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00353-1. | Garrido, G., Garrido-Suárez, B., Tapia, N., Valdes-Gonzalez, M., & Ortega-Mardones, A. (2024). Antidiarrheal effect of Psidium guajava L. extract in acute diarrhea: a systematic review.. Journal of the science of food and agriculture. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.13515. | Bikash Gurung 9609025496 | Hee Goaw | Dengtam | Geyzing | |||
50 | Sikkim | Human | Not applicable | - | KIshore Limboo 9382115328 | Gurthang village | Gurthang | Geyzing | |||||||||||
51 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits, roots and shoot eat during high feaver & tonsil. | high feaver & tonsil. | Fruits eaten raw, roots and shoots eat raw during high feaver & tonsil. | eaten raw | Aisilo | Blackberry | Rubus ulmifolius | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Mehiou, M., Saalaoui, E., El Mansouri, L., Boukhira, S., Afif, A., & El Moussaoui, A. (2024). Rubus ulmifolius Schott: A comprehensive review of its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological effects. | Dall'Acqua, S., Panizzi, L., & Senatore, F. (2008). Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties of some traditional Sardinian medicinal plants: Investigation of the high antioxidant capacity of Rubus ulmifolius. Food Chemistry, 106(2), 745-749 | Amar Subba | Pragiti village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||
52 | Sikkim | Human | Arial part to cure diarrhoea. | diarrhoea. | Arial parts eat raw to cure diarrhoea. | Eaten raw | Chariamilo, Amilo jhar | Oxalis Stricta | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Ullah, I., Akhtar, S., Adnan, M., Nawab, J., Ullah, S., & Abdullah-Al-Wadud, M. (2025). Ethnobotanical knowledge and ethnomedicinal uses of plant resources by urban communities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: a novel urban ethnobotanical approach. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed, 21(13). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-025-00766-4 | Pandey, A. K., & Singh, P. (2014). Antidiarrhoeal activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Oxalis corniculata Klotzsch in rats. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272470993_Antidiarrhoeal_activity_of_aqueoUsand_methanolic_extracts_of_Oxalis_corniculata_Klotzsch_in_rats | Amar Subba | Pragiti village | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
53 | Sikkim | Human | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Dudhe Jhaar | Taraxacum officinale | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Li, Y., Mei, J., Wang, J., & Liu, H. (2023). Effects of dandelion (Taraxacum sp.,) supplements on lactation performance, antioxidative activity, and plasma metabolome in primiparous dairy cows. Anim Biosci, 36(2), 229-237. https://doi.fm/10.5713/ab.22.0061 | Loten Lepcha | Simbala village | Lower lingcho | Geyzing | ||||
54 | Sikkim | Human | flowers use to cure tonsil. | tonsil. | Flowers use to dry and raw and take like tea to cure tonsil. | Dry in sunlight | Rhododendron | Rhododendron spp. | 🟤 Brown | Species specific | Popescu, R., & Kopp, B. (2013). The genus Rhododendron: An ethnopharmacological and toxicological review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 147(1), 42-62.(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235775729_The_genus_Rhododendron_An_ethnopharmacological_and_toxicological_review) | Hem kumar rai | Badung village | Upper Kyongsha | Geyzing | ||||
55 | Sikkim | Human | Fungal body and anti aging. | Fungal body | Make powder and take with milk or water. | drying in sun light | Yarsagumba | Ophiocordyceps sinensis | 🔴 Red | Endangered | Das, G., Shin, H. S., Leyva-Gómez, G., Del Prado-Audelo, M. L., Cortes, H., Singh, Y. D.,... & Patra, J. K. (2021). Cordyceps spp.: A Review on Its Immune-Stimulatory and Other Biological Potentials. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11, 602364. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.602364 | Kamal Gurung | Sardung | lower lingchom | Geyzing | ||||
56 | Sikkim | Human | Not applicable | - | San Kr. Khatiwara | bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||||||||
57 | Sikkim | Human | Stems use to cure Abscess. | Abscess | Stem use to make paste and apply on Abscess. | Paste | Himalayan Orchid | Cymbidium spp. | ⚫Black | Near Threatened | Hossain, M. M. (2023). Medicinal Use, Flower Trade, Preservation and Mass Propagation Techniques of Cymbidium Orchids—An Overview. Horticulturae, 9(6), 690. https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/6/690 | Sujin, R.M.; Jeeva, S.; Subin, R.M. (2021). Cymbidium aloifolium: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Phytochem. Pharmacol. Asp. Ethnomedicinal Plants, 363–371. | Tshering Gysto Lepcha | Lum | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
58 | Sikkim | Human | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Dzomsa (Bamboo) | Bambusa spp. | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Chichaghare, A. R., Bhosale, T. R., & Kumar, I. (2021). Bamboo as a fodder for livestock. Van Sangyan, 8(6), 17-21.( | Pond, W. G., & O'Connor, J. (2007). Nutritive value of bamboo as browse for livestock. Journal of Animal Science, 85(E-Suppl 1), E1-E7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232018248_Nutritive_value_of_bamboo_as_browse_for_livestock | Abhikesar Khatiwara | Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
59 | Sikkim | Human | roots use to remove tapwarm. | tapwarm | Roots use to eat raw to cure tapwarm. | Eaten raw | Siru (Stinging Nettle) | Urtica dioica | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Devkota, H. P., Paudel, K. R., Khanal, S., Baral, A., Panth, N., Adhikari-Devkota, A.,... & Chellappan, D. K. (2022). Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.): Nutritional Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Food Functional Properties. Molecules, 27(16), 5219. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165219 | Khan, A. A., Hussain, M., & Hussain, A. (2023). Urtica dioica (Stinging nettle): A Comprehensive Concise Review on its Nutritional Profile and Therapeutic Applications. ResearchGate | Abhikesar Khatiwara | Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
60 | Sikkim | Human | Bark use to cure bone fracture. | bone fracture. | Bark use to crush and make paste and apply with bandage on fracture. | Paste | Sinkauli | Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) Nees and Eberm. | 🟢 Green | Data Deficient | Sharma, V., & Rao, L. J. M. (2014). An overview on chemical composition, bioactivity and processing of leaves of Cinnamomum tamala. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 54(4), 433-448. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10408398.2011.587615 | Shaikh, M. M., & Singh, J. (2024). Phytopharmacological activities of Cinnamomum tamala. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 12(1), 58-63.(https://www.plantsjournal.com/archives/2024/vol12issue1/PartB/12-1-10-649.pdf) | Singh, A., Singh, J., & Singh, R. (2015). Cissus quadrangularis: A review on its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 9(18), 105–112. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5512407/ | Sarmila Limbu | Lower Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||
61 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits use to cure Dirrhoea and dysentery. | Dirrhoea and dysentery. | Fruit use to preserve in salt for 7 years and cure Dirrhoea and dysentery. | Soak in salt for 7 years. | Bajarat | Citrus medica L | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Panara, K., Joshi, K., & Nishteswar, K. (2012). A Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Citrus medica Linn. International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archives, 3(6), 1292-1297 | Damintri Chettri | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtay | Geyzing | ||||
62 | Sikkim | Human | Cooked and eat to contol Cholesterol & Diabetes | Cholesterol & Diabetes | Fruit use to boil and eat to contol Cholesterol & Diabetes. | boiling in water | Githa | Dioscorea bulbifera L. | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Ghosh, S., More, P., Derle, A., Patil, A. B., Markad, P., Asok, A.,... & Chopade, B. A. (2014). Diosgenin from Dioscorea bulbifera: Novel Hit for Treatment of Type II Diabetes Mellitus with Inhibitory Activity against α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase. PLoS One, 9(9), e106039. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106039 | Zhang, F., Wang, Z., Tao, S., Tao, S., Ma, Q., & Huang, G. (2023). Dioscorea spp.: Bioactive Compounds and Potential for the Treatment of Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases. Molecules, 28(6), 2878. https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2878 | Shiva Kr. Rai | Hatidunga | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
63 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | boiling in water | Ban tarul | Dioscorea hamiltonii Hook.f | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated / No data | Kumar, S., Das, G., Shin, H. S., & Patra, J. K. (2017). Dioscorea spp. (A Wild Edible Tuber): A Study on Its Ethnopharmacological Potential and Traditional Use by the Local People of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, India. Front Pharmacol, 8, 52. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00052 | Akinyemi, F. O., & Akinyemi, S. O. (2020). Potential of Neglected and Underutilized Yams (Dioscorea spp.) for Improving Nutritional Security and Health Benefits. PubMed Central. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7193077/ | Shiva Kr. Rai | Hatidunga | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
64 | Sikkim | Human | Boiled and eat Cooked contol Diabetes and remove Tap warm. | Diabetes and remove Tap warm. | Boiled the root and eat to control Diabetes and remove Tap warm. | boiling in water | Bhyagur | Dioscorea pentaphylla L. | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated / No data | Zhang, F., Wang, Z., Tao, S., Tao, S., Ma, Q., & Huang, G. (2023). Dioscorea spp.: Bioactive Compounds and Potential for the Treatment of Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases. Molecules, 28(6), 2878. https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2878 | Kumari, R., Thakur, A., Thakur, P., Sharma, V., Sharma, R., Upmanyu, S.,... & Chaudhary, A. (2025). An Update on the Nutritional and Therapeutic Potential of Dioscorea oppositifolia. Food Science & Nutrition, 13(5), e70179. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70179 | Nirmala Chettri | Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
65 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Bark use for remove leech from cattle Nose. | remove leech from cattle Nose | Bark use to crush and extract juice, juice apply in cattle nose. | Crushed with stone | Chiuri | Diploknema butyracea (Roxb.) Baehni | ⚫Black | Not Evaluated / No data | Chhetri, S. B. B., Khatri, D., & Parajuli, K. (2020). Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Analgesic Activities of Aqueous Extract of Diploknema butyracea (Roxb.) H.J. Lam Bark. ScientificWorldJournal, 2020, 6141847. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6141847 | Topgay Bhutia | Pragati | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
66 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Bhui Aiselu | Duchesna indica (Andrews) Focke | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Borg, J., & Camilleri, C. (2019). Assessment of Milk Quality in Dairy Farms Fed with Hydroponic Fodder. Journal of Chemistry, 2019. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6853134/ | Buffa, A. M., & Ricciardi, G. (2022). Opuntia as an Innovative Alternative Feed for Sustainable Animal Production Systems: A Review. Agriculture, 12(7), 964. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9265056/ | Chandra Bdr. Gurung | Khorang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
67 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Gagleto | Elatostema platyphyllum Wedd | ⚫Black | Not Evaluated / No data | Upadhyay, A. K., Gogoi, R., & Mitra, P. K. (2021). Ethnobotany of the genus Elatostema J.R. Forster & G. Forster. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 21, 1–24. https://ethnobotanyjournal.org/index.php/era/article/view/2551 | Yang, L., & Li, Y. (2017). Prioritizing fodder species based on traditional knowledge: a case study of mithun (Bos frontalis) in Dulongjiang area, Yunnan Province, Southwest China. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 13(1), 27. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5418811/ | Ash badr subba | lower Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
68 | Sikkim | Human | Seeds use to eat to control Dirrhoea. | Dirrhoea | Seeds are washed, roasted and eaten to control Dirrhoea. | Roast in fire | Pangra | Entada scandens (L.) Benth | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated / No data | Mahmudur Rahman, Dey S.K, Hira A, Abd El-Raheem Ahmed, Howlader Md. SI, Khatun A, Siraj Md. A. (2013). Phytochemical screening and pharmacological activities of Entada scandens seeds. International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products, 6(1). | Lalduhsanga, P., Lalrinngheta, J., Zothanpuia, R., & Lalchhandama, K. (2024). Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by various ethnic tribes of Mizoram, India. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 24(1), 273. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11086894/ | Bhim badr chettri | lower Onglop | Yangtay | Geyzing | |||
69 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves use for improve skin health. | improve skin health. | Leaves use to make chutny and eat to improve skin health. | mixing with chilli | Bhote dhania | Eryngium foetidum L | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated / No data | Paul, J. H. A., Seaforth, C. E., & Tikasingh, T. (2011). Eryngium foetidum L.: a review. Fitoterapia, 82(3), 302-308. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0367326X | Paul, J. H. A., Seaforth, C. E., & Tikasingh, T. (2011). Eryngium foetidum L.: A review. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/47729078_Eryngium_foetidum_L_A_review | Bhim badr chettri | lower Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
70 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Ambakey | Eugenia Kurzii Duthie | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Lim, T. K. (2011). Eugenia uniflora. In Edible Medicinal And Non Medicinal Plants: Volume 3, Fruits (pp. 620-630). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. | Rup maya rai | Sakyong | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
71 | Sikkim | Human | fruits and seeds used as appetizer. | Use as appetizer. | fruits and seeds used to crush and eat raw as appetizer and condiments | Crushed with stone | Khanakpa | Evodia fraxinifolia (D. Don) Hook.f. | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No scientific validation | Rasham lal rai | lower Amlog | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
72 | Sikkim | Human | Cooked and eat to contol Cholesterol & Diabetes | Cholesterol & Diabetes | Make powder use to roast and eat to control Cholesterol & Diabetes | Roast in fire | Tite phapar | Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) H. Hara | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Zhang, L. L., He, Y., Sheng, F., Hu, Y. F., Song, Y., Li, W., ... & Zou, L. (2021). Towards a better understanding of Fagopyrum dibotrys: a systematic review. Chinese medicine, 16(1), 89. | Li, X., Liu, J., Chang, Q., Zhou, Z., Han, R., & Liang, Z. (2021). Antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of proanthocyanidins from Fagopyrum dibotrys. Molecules, 26(9), 2417. | Chandra Bdr. Gurung | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
73 | Sikkim | Veterinary | off season use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle in off season. | Fresh used | Kabra | Ficus benjamina L. | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Mufamadi, T. (2021). Chemical composition, ruminal degradability and in-vitro post ruminal digestibility of ficus polita and ficus benjamina leaves (Doctoral dissertation). | Bhanu kumar Khatiwara | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
74 | Sikkim | Human | Gum use to apply on abscess. | Abscess. | Fresh gum direct apply on abscess. | Fresh used | Lutey Khanew | Ficus clavata Wall. Ex Miq. | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No scientific validation | Bhanu kumar Khatiwara | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
75 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Khasreto | Ficus hirta Vahl | 🟤 Brown Code | Least Concern | Kunwar, R. M., & Bussmann, R. W. (2006). Ficus (Fig) species in Nepal: a review of diversity and indigenous uses. Lyonia, 11(1), 85-97. | Lepcha, C. H. U. Z. I. N. G., & Sharma, B. (2021). Diversity of Ficus L.(Moraceae) and ITS uses in Sikkim Himalayas (India). Int. J. Bot. Res, 11(2), 39-56. | Man rani rai | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
76 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Khasre | Ficus hispida L.F. | 🟤 Brown Code | Least Concern | Lepcha, C. H. U. Z. I. N. G., & Sharma, B. (2021). Diversity of Ficus L.(Moraceae) and ITS uses in Sikkim Himalayas (India). Int. J. Bot. Res, 11(2), 39-56. | Chandra kalo limboo | lower amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
77 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle in off season. | Fresh used | Kavra | Ficus lacor Buch.- Ham. | 🔵 Blue Code | Least Concern | Amatya, N., & Rajbhandary, S. B. (1990). In vitro propagation of Ficus lacor Buch. Ham. Banko Janakari, 3(1), 30-35. | Buddhi lal limboo | lower amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
78 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Khasre Khaneu | Ficus semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex Sm | 🟤 Brown Code | Not Evaluated | Amatya, S. M. (1989). Ficus semicordata Buch. Ham. ex Sm. and its taxonomy. | Buddhi lal limboo | lower amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
79 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves and flower use for foot joint ligament engery. | joint ligament engery. | Flowers and leaves use to boil and take as shoup to cure joint ligament engery. | boiling in water | Bhangre sisnu | Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Njogu, P. M. (2007). Phytochemical investigation and antimicrobial activity of girardinia diversifolia (link) friis (urticaceae) (Doctoral dissertation, University of NAIROBI). | PB Gautam | Barthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
80 | Sikkim | Human | Seeds roasted and make oil to baby head massage. | baby head massage. | Seeds roasted and extract oil to do baby head massage. | Roast in fire | Philunge | Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass | 🟤 Brown Code | Not Evaluated | No scientific validation | PB Gautam | Barthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
81 | Sikkim | Human | Seeds roasted and eat for high source of protien. | high source of protien. | Seeds roasted and crush them then eat for high source of protien. | Roast in fire | Ghiuphal | Hedgsonia heteroclita Hook.f. and Thomson | 🔵 Blue Code | Not Evaluated | Reang, M., Chakraborty, K., & Banik, B. HODGSONIA MACROCARPA (CUCURBITACEAE): A VULNERABLE TRADITIONAL NUT AND POTENTIAL HIGH-YIELD OIL SEED FROM TRIPURA, NORTHEAST INDIA. | Mang lal limboo | upper linchung | Dengtam | Geyzing | ||||
82 | Sikkim | Human | Outer parts use to cleen teeths. | cleen teeths. | Outer part use to cleen the teeth traditionaly. | Crushed and used to clean teeth | Okhar | Juglans regia L. | 🔵 Blue Code | Not Evaluated | Khattak, P., Khalil, T. F., Bibi, S., Jabeen, H., Muhammad, N., Khan, M. A., & Liaqat, S. (2022). Juglans regia (walnut tree) bark in dentistry: walnut tree bark in dentistry. Pakistan BioMedical Journal, 152-156. | Alkhawajah, A. M. (1997). Studies on the antimicrobial activity of Juglans regia. The American journal of Chinese medicine, 25(02), 175-180. | Amirou, A., Mekhfi, H., Bussmann, R. W., & Khojimatov, O. K. (2024). Juglans regia L. Juglandaceae. In Ethnobotany of Northern Africa and Levant (pp. 1191-1210). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. | Al-Rawi, R., Bashir, Y., Mustafa, A., Omar, M., Al-Rawi, N., Saeed, M., ... & Al-Rawi, N. H. (2021). Teeth whitening and antibacterial effects of Juglans regia bark: a preliminary study. International Journal of Dentistry, 2021(1), 6685437. | Tek bir subba | tikjek village | Lingchome | Geyzing | |
83 | Sikkim | Human | Cooked and eat to contol Diabetes | Diabetes | Leaves and young shoots use to boil and eat as shoup for Diabetes. | boiling in water | Patle sisnu | Laportia terminalis Wight | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | No scientific validation | Abiral Thapa | 6th mile village | Geyzing | Geyzing | ||||
84 | Sikkim | Human | Seeds use for Gastric problem | Gastric problem | Seeds use to crush and eat raw to cure Gastric problem. | Crushed with stone and eaten with chilli | Siltimbur | Lindera neesiana (Wall ex Nees) Kurz. | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | No scientific validation | Oma subba | Pragiti village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
85 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits to Pragnent womenfor Protien source | Protien Source | Fruits eat raw by pragnent women for protien source. | Eaten raw | Pumsi | Machilus edulis King.ex Hook.fi | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | No scientific validation | Pardeep Tamang 9775952855 | Pragiti village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
86 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder to goat for dirrhoea. | goat for dirrhoea. | Fresh grass fed to goat to control dirrhoea. | Fresh used | Chinde | Macropanax dispermus (Wallich ex G. Don) Seemann | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | No scientific validation | Pardeep Tamang 9775952855 | Pragiti village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
87 | Sikkim | Agriculture | extract juice to kill wood boring insects. | kill wood boring insects. | Leaves and young shoots crushed and extract juice to kill wood boring insects. | crushed with stone and mix with fresh water | Angeree | Melastoma malabathricum L. | 🔵 Blue Code | Not Evaluated | Rana, R., Samal, I., & Bhoi, T. K. (2022). Traditional methods of insect pest management in India. SOUVENIR &. | Nima Dorjee Bhutia | Pragiti village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
88 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Kaphal | Myrica esculenta Buch.- Ham.ex D. Don | 🔵 Blue Code | Not Evaluated | Kabra, A., Martins, N., Sharma, R., Kabra, R., & Baghel, U. S. (2019). Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don: A natural source for health promotion and disease prevention. Plants, 8(6), 149. | Nima Dorjee Bhutia | Pragiti village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
89 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves and stem use to control blood presuure. | control blood presuure. | Leaves and stem use to boil and eat to control blood presuure. | boiling in water | Simrayo | Nasturtium officinale W. T. Aiton | 🔵 Blue Code | Not Evaluated | No scientific validation | Dadhi ram chettri | Uppwer baluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
90 | Sikkim | Human | Tuber use to cure Urinary problem. | Urinary problem. | Tubers use to crush and extract juice and drink to cure Urinary problem. | crushed with stone | Pani amala | Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Chettri, D., Pradhan, S., Saha, D., & Chowdhury, M. (2024). Traditional healing and antimicrobial role of the herbal drug against UTIs by ethnic people of Darjeeling tea gardens, India. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge (IJTK), 23(2), 170-181. | Garga maan Gaji | lower amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
91 | Sikkim | Human | seeds are cursed to control high fever, asthma and throat pain. | high fever, asthma and throat pain. | seeds are cursed and take it with water to control high fever, asthma and throat pain. | crushed with stone | Totola | Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. Ex Kurz | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Harminder, S. V., & Chaudhary, A. K. (2011). A review on the taxonomy, ethnobotany, chemistry and pharmacology of Oroxylum indicum vent. Indian J Pharm Sci, 73(5), 483-90. | Ran maya gurung | Khorang | Lower Lingchom | Geyzing | ||||
92 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits aare use to eat for face clean | Face cleaning | Fruits are consumed raw and crushed and make juice for clean and glow skin. | Eaten raw or crush in mixer | Amala | Phyllanthus emblica L. | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Timudom, T., Chaiyasut, C., Sivamaruthi, B. S., Tiampasook, P., & Nacapunchai, D. (2020). Anti-sebum efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica L.(emblica) toner on facial skin. Applied Sciences, 10(22), 8193. | Durga bir subba | Baluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
93 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fodder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Amphi | Pyrularia edulis (Wall.) A. DC | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Didn't found any. | Suk bdr Rai | Lower Onglop | yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
94 | Sikkim | Human | Comsumed ripe fruits and consume to cure dirrhoea and disentry. | cure dirrhoea and disentry. | Comsumed ripe fruits raw and preserve long time (crush and make juice boili it) cure dirrhoea and disentry. | eaten raw or dry in sun light | Mael | Pyrus pashia Buch.- Ham.ex D. Don | 🔴 Red , 🔴 RED | Least Concern | Om, P., Gopinath, M., Kumar, M., Kumar, S., & Kudachikar, V. (2021). Ethanolic extract of Pyrus pashia buch ham ex. D. Don (kainth): A bioaccessible source of polyphenols with anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 114628 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114628. | Janbaz, K., Ahsan, M., Saqib, F., Imran, I., Zia‐ul‐Haq, M., Rashid, M., Jaafar, H., & Moga, M. (2015). Scientific Basis for Use of Pyrus pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don. Fruit in Gastrointestinal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Ailments. PLoS ONE, 10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118605. | Sarmila Limbu | Lower Bhaluthang | yangtey | Geyzing | |||
95 | Sikkim | Human | flowers use to cure tonsil. | tonsil. | Flowers use to dry and raw and take like tea to cure tonsil. | drying in sunlight | Lali gurans | Rhododendron arboreum Smith | 🔵 BLUE | Least Concern | Shilpa, C., & Divya, V. (2024). PHARMACOLOGICAL BENEFITS AND CONSERVATION STRATEGIES OF RHODODENDRON ARBORETUM SM.: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW. International Journal on Biological Sciences. https://doi.org/10.53390/ijbs.2024.15104. | Damintri Chettri | Upper Bhaluthang | yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
96 | Sikkim | Human | Comsumed ripe fruits and consume to cure dirrhoea and disentry. | cure dirrhoea and disentry. | Comsumed ripe fruits raw to cure dirrhoea and disentry. | Eaten raw | Bhakimlo | Rhus Chinensis Miller | 🔵 BLUE, 🔵 BLUE | Not Evaluated | Li, M., Wang, A., Zhang, Y., Han, T., Guan, L., Fan, D., Liu, J., & Xu, Y. (2022). A comprehensive review on ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Rhus chinensis Mill.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 115288 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115288. | Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Yi, J., & Cai, S. (2022). Phytochemical characteristics and biological activities of Rhus chinensis Mill.: a review. Current Opinion in Food Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100925. | Shiva Kr. Rai | Hatidunga | Soreng | Geyzing | |||
97 | Sikkim | Human | Young shoots for throth pain. | throth pain. | Young shoots eat raw to cure throth pain. | Eaten raw | Aiselu | Rubus ellipticus Sm | 🔵 BLUE | Least Concern | Lamichhane, A., Lamichhane, G., & Devkota, H. (2023). Yellow Himalayan Raspberry (Rubus ellipticus Sm.): Ethnomedicinal, Nutraceutical, and Pharmacological Aspects. Molecules, 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166071. | Shiva Kr. Rai | Hatidunga | Soreng | Geyzing | ||||
98 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits use for Torpid fever, diarrhea | Torpid fever and diarrhea. | Ripe Fruits eat raw to cure Torpid fever and diarrhea. | Eaten raw | Ban kakri | Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) | 🟢 GREEN | Not Evaluated | Krishnamoorthy, K., & Subramaniam, P. (2014). Phytochemical Profiling of Leaf, Stem, and Tuber Parts of Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi Using GC-MS. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/567409. | Topgay Bhutia | Pragati | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
99 | Sikkim | Human | Green fruit use for control blood pressure. | Control Blood pressure | Green fruit is eaten as vegetable to control blood pressure. | boiling in water | Syano Bee | Solanum pseudocapsicum L | 🔴 RED | Not Evaluated | Badami, S., Prakash, O., Dongre, S., & Suresh, B. (2005). In vitro antioxidant properties of Solanum pseudocapsicum leaf extracts. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 37, 251-252. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.16573. | Chandra Bdr. Gurung | Khorang | lower lingchome | Geyzing | ||||
100 | Sikkim | Human | Fruit use to control dirrhoea. | control dirrhoea. | Ripe Fruit eat raw and boil to make juice to cure dirrhoea. | Eaten raw | Titri | Tamarindus indica L. | 🔵 BLUE | Least Concern | Mukherjee, D., Deb, J., Deb, N., Saha, S., & Chakraborty, S. (2024). Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review on Tamarindus indica L.. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. https://doi.org/10.22271/phyto.2024.v13.i1b.14820. | Ash badr subba | lower Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
101 | Sikkim | Human | Seeds use to cure tonsil and feaver. | tonsil and feaver. | Seeds are chewed to cure tonsil and feaver. | chewed raw | Barra | Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. | 🔵 BLUE, 🔵 BLUE | Least Concern | Gupta, A., Kumar, R., Bhattacharyya, P., Bishayee, A., & Pandey, A. (2020). Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) roxb. (Bahera) in health and disease: A systematic and comprehensive review.. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 77, 153278 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153278. | Kumar, N., & Khurana, S. (2018). Phytochemistry and medicinal potential of the Terminalia bellirica Roxb. ( Bahera ). Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources, 9, 97-107. | Bhim badr chettri | lower Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
102 | Sikkim | Human | Seeds use to cure tonsil and feaver. | tonsil and cough. | Seeds are chewed to cure tonsil and cough. | chewed raw | Harra | Terminalia chebula Retz. | 🔵 BLUE , 🔵 BLUE | Least Concern | Tiwari, M., & Barooah, M. (2023). A comprehensive review on the ethno-medicinal and pharmacological properties of Terminalia chebula fruit. Phytochemistry Reviews, 23, 125-145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-023-09878-9. | Nigam, M., Mishra, A., Adhikari-Devkota, A., Dirar, A., Adhikari, A., Belwal, T., & Devkota, H. (2020). Fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz.: A review on traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Phytotherapy Research, 34, 2518 - 2533. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6702. | Bhim badr chettri | lower Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
103 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits cure stomach issues, toothache, chest infections, dental problems and digestive problems. | stomach issues, toothache, chest infections, dental problems and digestive problems. | Fruitsuse to crush or make dried and take with water to cure stomach issues, toothache, chest infections, dental problems and digestive problems. | crushed with stone | Boke timur | Zanthoxylum armatum DC. | 🔵 BLUE , 🔵 BLUE | Vulnerable | Mukhtar, H., & Kalsi, V. (2018). A review on medicinal properties of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 11, 2131-2138. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00395.5. | Phuyal, N., Jha, P., Raturi, P., & Rajbhandary, S. (2019). Zanthoxylum armatum DC.: Current knowledge, gaps and opportunities in Nepal.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 229, 326-341 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.010. | Abikeshar Khatiwada 9735032747 | Middle Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
104 | Sikkim | Human | Fruit use for diseases such as heartburn biliousness and biliousness. | heartburn biliousness and biliousness. | Fruit is eaten raw or preserved Fruits it is used to treat various diseases such as heartburn biliousness and biliousness. | Eaten raw | Bayer | Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. | 🔴 RED, 🔵 BLUE | Least Concern | Akanda, M., & Hasan, A. (2021). Characterization of pharmacological properties of methanolic seed and stem bark extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana (BAU Kul) using in-vitro and in-vivo animal (Swiss albino male mice) model. Clinical Phytoscience, 7, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40816-020-00246-0. | Hussain, S., Butt, S., & Munawar, K. (2021). Phytochemistry of Ziziphus Mauritiana; its Nutritional and Pharmaceutical Potential. Scientific Inquiry and Review. https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.52.01. | Rasham lal rai | lower Amlog | yangtey | Geyzing | |||
105 | Sikkim | Human | Young shoots used in treatment of wound, fever and asthama | wound, fever and asthama. | Young shoots Eaten as vegetable in treatment of wound, fever and asthama. | fried or boiled | Tamarke | Cissampelos pareira L | 🔵 BLUE | Not Evaluated | Da Silva Mendes, J., Cunha, W., Rodrigues, F., Silveira, E., De Lima, R., & Da Costa, J. (2020). Cissampelos genus: biological activities, ethnobotanical and phytochemical aspects. Phytochemistry Reviews, 19, 955 - 982. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-020-09695-4. | Chandra Bdr. Gurung | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
106 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits use for Tonic | Tonic | Fruits use to crush and chew raw as Tonic. | crush with stone | Lalgeri | Abrus precatorius | 🔵 BLUE , 🔵 BLUE | Least Concern | Qian, H., Wang, L., Li, Y., Wang, B., Li, C., Fang, L., & Tang, L. (2022). The traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Abrus precatorius L.: A comprehensive review.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 115463 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115463. | Das, S., & Bhakta, S. (2020). The medicinal values of Abrus precatorius: a review study. , 3, 84. https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2020.d111. | Bhanu kumar Khatiwara | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
107 | Sikkim | Human | Root/Rhizome use for Vermifuge and fever . | Vermifuge and fever | Root/Rhizome use to boil and take water to cure Vermifuge and fever. | boiling in water | Bojho | Acorus calamus | 🔵 BLUE | Not Evaluated | Rajput, S., Tonge, M., & Karuppayil, S. (2014). An overview on traditional uses and pharmacological profile of Acorus calamus Linn. (Sweet flag) and other Acorus species.. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 21 3, 268-76 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2013.09.020. | Bhanu kumar Khatiwara | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
108 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits use for Tonic | Tonic | Roots use to boil and take as tonic. | boiling in water | Bikh, Atish | Aconitum heterophyllum | 🔵 BLUE, 🔴 RED | Endangered | Wani, T., Kaloo, Z., & Dangroo, N. (2021). Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle: A critically endangered medicinal herb with rich potential for use in medicine.. Journal of integrative medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2021.12.004. | , A., Sharma, M., Suresh, P., Gupta, S., & Sharma, U. (2023). NADES-based selective extraction of bioactive molecules: A case study with commercially important Himalayan medicinal plant Aconitum heterophyllum. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2023.101305. | Man rani rai | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
109 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits used to treat diarrhea. | treat diarrhea | Fruits used to crush and make juice to treat diarrhea. | crushed with stone | Bael | Aegle marmelos | 🔴 RED | Least Concern | Brijesh, S., , D., Tetali, P., Antia, N., & Birdi, T. (2009). Bmc Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies on the Antidiarrhoeal Activity of Aegle Marmelos Unripe Fruit: Validating Its Traditional Usage. . | Chandra kalo limboo | lower amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
110 | Sikkim | Human | Root use to cure Diabetes, jaundice, urinary disorder | Diabetes, jaundice, urinary disorder. | Root use to crush and make juice for Diabetes, jaundice and urinary disorder. | crushed with stone | Kurilo | Asparagus racemosus | 🔵 BLUE | Not Evaluated | Singh, N., Garg, M., Prajapati, P., Singh, P., Chopra, R., Kumari, A., & Mittal, A. (2023). Adaptogenic property of Asparagus racemosus: Future trends and prospects.. Heliyon, 9 4, e14932 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14932. | Buddhi lal limboo | lower amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
111 | Sikkim | Human | roots use for snakebite and skin diseases. | snakebite and skin diseases | roots use to make paste and apply on snakebite and skin diseases | crushed with stone | Bikh, Bish, | Aconitum ferox | 🔵 BLUE | Critically Endangered | Masal, A., & Shinde, A. (2023). Vatsanabha (Aconitum ferox Wall. ex Seringe): A known Visha but potent medicine W.S.R. Rasa Ratna Samuchchaya. International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine. https://doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v14i3.3684. | Kharka bdr. Gurung | khorang | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | ||||
112 | Sikkim | Human | root used as remedy for asthma, cough and fever. | asthma, cough and fever. | roots use to boil and take drink to cure asthma, cough and fever. | boiling in water | Asuru | Adatoda vasica | 🔵 BLUE | Not Evaluated | Biharee, A., Bhartiya, S., Dubey, D., Yadav, R., Sharma, A., Pathak, S., Chaudhary, A., & Yadav, A. (2022). Ethnobotanical notes and pharmacological overview of traditional plant: Adhatoda vasica. Dermatological Reviews, 4, 211 - 222. https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.170. | Passang Bhutia | Pragati Village | yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
113 | Sikkim | Human | Use as an anti-septic, treatment of small fox, as tooth brush, prophylactic for mouth & teeth. | anti-septic, small fox, as tooth brush, prophylactic for mouth & teeth. | As an anti-septic, treatment of small fox, as tooth brush, prophylactic for mouth & teeth, used as febrifuge. | boiling in water | Nimpati | Azadirachta indica | 🔵 BLUE | Least Concern | Devi, J., & Sharma, R. (2023). Medicinal Importance of Azadirachta indica: An Overview. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i6.5992. | Ran maya Gurung | Khorong | upper lingchom | Geyzing | ||||
114 | Sikkim | Human | Used in diabetes | diabetes | Fruits eat raw and from seeds extract oil for diabetes. | Eaten raw | Chewri | Aesandra butyraceae | 🔴 RED | Least Concern | Mariño, E., Richards, J., McLeod, K., Stanley, D., Yap, Y., Knight, J., McKenzie, C., Kranich, J., Oliveira, A., Rossello, F., Krishnamurthy, B., Nefzger, C., Macia, L., Thorburn, A., Baxter, A., Morahan, G., Wong, L., Polo, J., Moore, R., Lockett, T., Clarke, J., Topping, D., Harrison, L., & Mackay, C. (2017). Gut microbial metabolites limit the frequency of autoimmune T cells and protect against type 1 diabetes. Nature Immunology, 18, 552-562. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3713. | Arjun Gurung | Khorong | Upper ling chom | Geyzing | ||||
115 | Sikkim | Human | raw bulb treat cough and cold also ease the symptoms of altitude sickness. | cough and cold also ease the symptoms of altitude sickness. | Seasoning spices and raw bulb chewed to treat cough and cold an also ease the symptoms of altitude sickness. | crushed and eaten with vegetable | Ban Lasun | Allium wallichi | 🔵 BLUE | Not Evaluated | Yan, J., Zhu, J., Liu, Y., Chen, X., Wang, W., Zhang, H., & Li, L. (2022). Recent advances in research on Allium plants: functional ingredients, physiological activities, and applications in agricultural and food sciences. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 63, 8107 - 8135. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2056132. | Kishore Dulal | Upper Kyongsha | yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
116 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves used on burns, purgative, efficacious in treatment of leucoderma. | burns, purgative, efficacious in treatment of leucoderma. | Leaves crush and make paste on burns, purgative, efficacious in treatment of leucoderma. | crush with stone | Ghiukumari | Aloe barbadensis | 🔴 Red , 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Maenthaisong, R., Chaiyakunapruk, N., Niruntraporn, S., & Kongkaew, C. (2007). The efficacy of aloe vera used for burn wound healing: a systematic review. Burns, 33(6), 713–718. | Bhakta Rai | Lower Badung | yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
117 | Sikkim | Human | Bark use as tonic. | as tonic | Bark use to crush and boil and take as tonic. | boiling in water | Chatiwan | Alstonia scholaris | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Upadhyay, A. K., Kumar, K., Kumar, A., & Mishra, H. S. (2010). Pharmacological activities of Alstonia scholaris: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 4(3), 82–87. | Chandra bdr. Gurung | Khorong | lower lingchom | Geyzing | ||||
118 | Sikkim | Human | fruits use as Stomachic, heart and liver tonic | Stomachic, heart and liver tonic | Seeds use to crush and take as juice for Stomachic, heart and liver tonic | crush with stone or in mixer | Elaichi | Amomum subulatum | 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient (DD) | Dixit, S., Agrawal, R., & Jain, S. (2021). Cardioprotective Action of Amomum Subulatum. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Rural Health, 4(3), 85-89. | Nanda lal Gurung | Khorong | Upper lingchome | Geyzing | ||||
119 | Sikkim | Human | Young shoots use to cure diarrhea. | treat diarrhea | Young shoots use to take raw to cure diarrhea. | Eaten Raw | Thotne | Aconogonum molle | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Joshi, K. R., Devkota, H. P., Watanabe, T., & Yahara, S. (2014). Thotneosides A, B and C: Potent Antioxidants from Nepalese Crude Drug, Leaves of Aconogonon molle. Journal of Natural Medicines, 68(1), 224-228. | Bhim badur subba | Simbala village | Tashiding | Geyzing | ||||
120 | Sikkim | Human | Root & rhizome use as Tonic and fever. | As Tonic and fever. | Root & rhizome use to boil and take as Tonic and to cure fever. | Eaten Raw | Pakhanbed | Berginia ciliata | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Hussain, A., et al. (2022). Botanical standardization of raw herbal drug Pashanabheda [Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb.] used in Indian Systems of Medicine. CABI Digital Library. Retrieved from https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/20220149272 | Chauhan, M., Gangwar, M., Kumar, D., & Singh, A. P. (2015). Bergenia ciliata mine of medicinal properties | Ram Khatiwara | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
121 | Sikkim | Human | bark is useful in skin disease. | skin disease. | Bark use to crush and make paste and use for skin disease. | Crushed with stone | Verla | Bauhinia vahlii | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Evaluation of effects of Bauhinia variegata stem bark extracts against milk-induced eosinophilia in mice. | Bentham Open. (n.d.). In Vivo Study for Anti-inflammatory Activity of Bauhinia variegata L. Leaves. | Bhimraj Subba | Pragati Village | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
122 | Sikkim | Human | Flower taken to cure dysentery, diarrhea & stomach pain and Fruits are used for blood purification. | dysentery, diarrhea & stomach pain and blood purification. | Flower use to crush and make juice is taken to cure dysentery, diarrhea & stomach pain and Fruits take raw for blood purification. | crushed in stone or in mixture | Koirala | Bauhinia variegata | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Sachan, R., Sharma, G., & Kumar, M. (2020). Bauhinia variegata: A comprehensive review on bioactive compounds, health benefits and utilization. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(4), 1-8. | Alam, M. M., Khan, M. A., & Ahmad, S. (2021). Quantification of biochemical compounds in Bauhinia variegata Linn flower extract and its hepatoprotective effect. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research, 12(1), 1-7. | Yogesh Gurung | Khasmal Pelling | lower pelling | Geyzing | |||
123 | Sikkim | Human | bark is used to control diarrhoea | control diarrhoea. | The bark is used to crush and boil to control diarrhoea. | crushed and boiled in water | Tanki | Bauhinia purpurea | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Negi, B. S., Dave, B. P., & Agarwal, Y. K. (2012). Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Bauhinia purpurea leaves under in vitro conditions. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 52(3), 360-365. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3460113/ | Umarani, P., Muthusamy, P., & Jayakar, B. (2011). Bauhinia purpurea Linn.: A review of its ethnobotany, phytochemical and pharmacological profile. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant, 5(4), 420-431. Retrieved from https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=rjmp.2011.420.431 | M.K. Gurung | Darap Nambu | Darap | Geyzing | |||
124 | Sikkim | Human | Extracts from stalks used for venereal disease. | venereal disease. | Juice extracts from stalks used for venereal disease. | Crush in stone | Magar Kanhce | Bagonia picta | ⚫Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Roy, S., Barik, P., Samal, K. C., & Singh, P. K. (2025). Begonia species: a review on its ethnobotany, phytochemicals, and biological activities. Planta, 261(1), 1-27. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/392553907_Begonia_species_a_review_on_its_ethnobotany_phytochemicals_and_biological_activities | Nisha, S., Prasad, K. D., & Renuka, I. (2018). Biological studies on leaves and stems of Begonia picta. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(3), 1167-1175. Retrieved from https://ijpsr.com/bft-article/biological-studies-on-leaves-and-stems-of-begonia-picta/ | Nandalal Gurung | Khorang | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | |||
125 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits used in jaundice and malaria | jaundice and malaria | fruits are crushed and make juice to cure jaundice and malaria. | crush with Hand | Chutro | Berberis aristata | 🔴 Red , 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Sharma, R., Chaudhary, D., Kaur, R., & Kumari, S. (2024). The medicinal plant Berberis aristata and its endophytes for pharmacological applications. Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 12(4), 37-46 | Sharma, A., Sharma, R., & Gupta, D. (2024). Unveiling the Medicinal Potential of Berberis aristata: A Traditional Native Plant of Uttarakhand | Abhikesar Khatiwara | Middle Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
126 | Sikkim | Human | Bark use for wounds | wounds | Bark used to crush and heal up the wounds | Crushed with stone | Bhojpatra | Betula utilis | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Rajan, P., Gupta, S., & Sharda, A. (2014). Pharmacological and Phytochemical Properties of Betula utilis: An Overview. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 5(5), 284-290. Retrieved from https://www.rjpbcs.com/pdf/2014_5(5)/[39].pdf | Kumar, Y., Garg, K., Singh, S., Kumar, J., Saha, S., Singh, K., ... & Kumar, A. (2025, April 5). Betula utilis (Bhojpatra): A potent herb with its traditional uses, phytochemistry, clinical application, pharmacology, and toxicology. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. Retrieved from https://japsonline.com/abstract.php?article_id=4512&sts=2 | Abhikesar Khatiwara | Middle Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
127 | Sikkim | Human | Bark use for dysentery. | dysentery | Bark use chew raw to cure dysentery. | Eaten raw | Kainjal | Bischofia javanica | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Dey, A., Saha, S., Mandal, S., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (n.d.). A Review on Traditional Use and Phytopharmacological Potential of Bischofia javanica Blume. Global Research Online. Retrieved from https://globalresearchonline.net/journalcontents/v24-2/05.pdf | Dey, A., Saha, S., Mandal, S., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (2025, March 29). A review on traditional use and phytopharmacological potential of Bischofia javanica blume. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288820858_A_review_on_traditional_use_and_phytopharmacological_potential_of_Bischofia_javanica_blume | Kamal Gurung | Sardung | lower lingchom | Geyzing | |||
128 | Sikkim | Human | Bark use for diarrhea | diarrhea | Bark use to boil and take as drink to cure diarrhea. | boiling in water | Simal | Bombax ceiba | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Chaudhary, P. H., & Khadabadi, S. S. (2012). Bombax ceiba Linn.: Pharmacognosy, Ethnobotany and Phyto-pharmacology. Pharmacognosy Communications, 2(3), 2-9. Retrieved from https://phcogcommn.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/PharmacognCommn_2_3_2.pdf | DB Basnet | Upper Baluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
129 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves used in skin complaint. | skin complaints | Leaves use to crush and make juice and apply in skin complaints. | crushed with hand | Bhinsenpatee | Buddleja asiatica | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Mohamed, M., Allia, M., & El-Toumy, S. A. (2013). Cytotoxic activity of Buddleja asiatica. Life Science Journal, 10(1), 2773-2777. | Ahmad, I., Malik, A., Gilani, A. H., Khan, R. A., & Shah, A. J. (2011). Studies on Buddleja asiatica antibacterial, antifungal, antispasmodic and Ca++ antagonist activities. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(39), 7679-7683. | San Kr. Khatiwara | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
130 | Sikkim | Human | The bark use to treat fever. | treat fever. | The bark juice is given to treat fever. | Crushed with stone | Guahelo | Callicarpa arborea | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Lalthanpuii, P. B., & Lalchhandama, K. (2019). Beautyberry (Callicarpa arborea) as an Antiparasitic Agent Against Raillietina echinobothrida, an Intestinal Tapeworm. Pharmacognosy Journal, 12(1), 1670-1674. | OM Bdr. Khadka | Dhangrey, Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
131 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Sumali | Callicarpa macrophylla | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Rahim, A., Gahlot, G., Jakhmola, V., & Gairola, N. (2025). Pharmacological and Traditional Insights into Callicarpa macrophylla: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Natural Remedies. Retrieved from https://informaticsjournals.co.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/46366 | Soni, R. K., Dixit, V., Irchhaiya, R., & Alok, S. (2014). CALLICARPA MACROPHYLLA: A REVIEW UPDATE ON ITS BOTANY, ETHNOBOTANY, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY. International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 1(2), 87-94. | OM Bdr. Khadka | Dhangrey, Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
132 | Sikkim | Human | Latex used in sprain & swelling | sprain & swelling | Plant use to crush and get Latex which used in sprain & swelling | Crushed with stone | Ankh | Calotropis gigantea | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Nalwaya, N., Pokharna, G., Deb, L., & Jain, N. K. (2009). Wound healing activity of latex of Calotropis gigantea.International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1(1), 87-90. | Netmeds. (2025, June 13). Calotropis Gigantea: Health Benefits, Uses And Home Remedies Of This Healing Herb. | Resam lal Rai | Lower Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
133 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves use as digestive enzyme. | digestive enzyme | The digestive enzyme papain is extracted from the milky sap | Eaten Raw | Mewa | Carica papaya | 🔴 Red , 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Data Deficient (DD) | Raj, S. R., & Sanjiv, R. (n.d.). Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Carica papaya - ResearchGate. | Nandalal Gurung | Khorang | Upper Linchom | Geyzing | ||||
134 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Raj briksha | Cassia fistula | 🔴 Red , 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Olubiyi, R. I., Ajayi, A. O., Ososanya, T. O., Ayeni, A. O., & Owolabi, B. B. (2023). Influence of Cassia fistula leaf powder on in vitro ruminal fermentation, gas production and degradability of diets for ruminants. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 161(1), 1–11. | Verma, R., & Gupta, A. K. (n.d.). The Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Cassia fistula. | Jharna Chettri 9732454746 | langgang | yangtey | Geyzing | |||
135 | Sikkim | Human | The leaf for stomach pain &The root is used for ringworm | stomach pain. ringworm. | The leaf powder is given to relieve stomach pain. The root paste is used for ringworm. | drying in sunlight | Methi zar | trigonella foenum-graecum L | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Jharna Chettri 9732454746 | langgang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
136 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves are used for skin disease and Urinary discharges. | skin disease and Urinary discharges. | Leaves are used to boil and drink for skin disease and Urinary discharges. | Boiling in water | Gora taprey | Centella asiatica | 🔴 Red , 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Pharmacological Review on Centella asiatica: A Potential Herbal Cure-all. (n.d.). PMC. | Jharna Chettri 9732454746 | langgang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
137 | Sikkim | Human | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Sinkauli | Cinnamomum tamala | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Singh, S. (2022). Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. Nees & Eberm: A Review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 10(1), 16-20. | Patel, P., Jani, V., & Jani, A. K. (2020). A comprehensive review on Cinnamomum tamala (Indian Bay Leaf). Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 10(1), 167-171. | Sangay tenzing Bhutia | Badung village | yangtey | Geyzing | |||
138 | Sikkim | Human | Fruit peel for Stomach problems and jaundisce. | Stomach problems and jaundisce. | Fruit peel use to dried to make powder for Stomach problems and jaundisce. | drying in sunlight | Suntala | Citrus indica | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Razavi, S. M., Soroosh, S., Pirouznia, N., & Khajouee, A. (2020). Citrus species: A Review of Traditional Uses,Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 26(1), 45-66. | Liu, Y., Zhao, K., Li, Z., Guo, S., Zheng, B., Han, Y., ... & Dong, H. (2024). Nobiletin from citrus peel: a promising therapeutic agent for liver disease-pharmacological characteristics, mechanisms, and potential applications.Pharmacological Research, 199, 107005. | sangay tenzing Bhutia | Badung village | yangtey | Geyzing | |||
139 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Pinaasey lahara | Clematis buchnaniana | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | sangay tenzing Bhutia | Badung village | yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
140 | Sikkim | Human | leaves for tonic and febrifuge. | tonic and febrifuge. | Leaves are use to make fresh juice for tonic and febrifuge. | Crushed with hand | Chitu | Clerodendron infertunatumr | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bhattacharjee, S., & Saha, S. (2011). Clerodendrum infortunatum Linn. (Verbenaceae): A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 10(1), 127-132. | Kawsila chettri 7872973340 | Pragiti village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
141 | Sikkim | Human | whole plant built up immune system. | immune system | whole plant dried and use to make powder for built up immune system. | Dried | Yarcha gombuk | Cordyceps sinensis | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue | Vulnerable (VU) | Chen, P. X., Wang, S., Nie, S., & Marcone, M. (2013). Properties of Cordyceps Sinensis: A review. Journal of Functional Foods, 5(2), 550–569. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.01.034. 8 | Kuo MC, Chang CY, Cheng TL, Wu MJ. (2007). Immunomodulatory effect of exo-polysaccharides from submerged cultured Cordyceps sinensis: enhancement of cytokine synthesis, CD11b expression, and phagocytosis. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 75(4), 769–775. doi: 10.1007/s00253-007-0880-5. 9 | Kawsila chettri 7872973340 | Pragiti village | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
142 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves use for wounds and burns. | wounds and burns. | It is also used in healing wounds, ulcers, burns. | Eaten Raw | Calendula | Calendula officinalis | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Chandran, P. K., & Kuttan, R. (2008). Effect of Calendula officinalis Flower Extract on Acute Phase Proteins, Antioxidant Defense Mechanism and Granuloma Formation During Thermal Burns. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 43(2), 58–64. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.2008043. 11 | Rezai, S., Rahzani, K., Hekmatpou, D., & Rostami, A. (2022). Effect of oral Calendula officinalis on second-degree burn wound healing. Scars, Burns & Healing, 8. doi: 10.1177/20595131221134053. 10 | Rasham lal rai | lower Amlog | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
143 | Sikkim | Human | leaves used for diuretic. | diuretic. | leaves are use to boil and drink for diuretic. | Boiling in water | Sadabahar | Catharanthus roseus | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Goyal, M., & Kumar, A. (2023). Pharmacological potential of bioactive compounds found in Catharanthus roseus extract: A comprehensive review. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 40, 100684. doi: 10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100684. 12 | Chandra Bdr. Gurung | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
144 | Sikkim | Human | leaves throat troubles and piles | throat troubles and piles | leaves use to boil and eat like soup for throat troubles and piles | Boiling in water | Bethu Saag | Chenopodium album | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bhatia, M., Singh, S., Pagare, S., & Kumar, B. (2020). A PHARMACOLOGICAL COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON CHENOPODIUM ALBUM L. International Journal of Current Research, 12(12), 15360-15368. doi: 10.24941/ijcr.40425.12.2020. 17 | OM Bdr. Khadka 8145748982 | Dhangrey, Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
145 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits are used typhoid and dysentery. | typhoid and dysentery. | Fruits are used to eat raw and do preserve in the treatment of typhoid and dysentery. | Fermentation | Bimbira | Citrus medica | 🟤 Brown 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Dahan, A., Yarmolinsky, L., Nakonechny, F., Semenova, O., Khalfin, B., & Ben-Shabat, S. (2025). Etrog Citron (Citrus medica) as a Novel Source of Antimicrobial Agents: Overview of Its Bioactive Phytochemicals and Delivery Approaches. Pharmaceutics, 17(6), 761. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17060761. 19 | San Kr. Khatiwara 9735087569 | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
146 | Sikkim | Human | Seeds use for Chicken pox and tumor. | Chicken pox andtumors. | Seeds use to boil and take that boiled water to cure Chicken pox and tumors. | Boiling in water | Gahat | Dolichus uniflorus | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Deegan, W. F., 3rd. (1994). Unifocal choroiditis in primary varicella zoster (chickenpox). Archives of Ophthalmology, 112(6), 735-736. | Emmrich, F., et al. (1984). A spell of chicken-pox on a cancer patients' ward. Klinische Wochenschrift, 62(9), 387-389. doi: 10.1007/BF01742293. | Bhim badr chettri | lower Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
147 | Sikkim | Human | Roots& Leaves to control high blood presure | control high blood presure | Roots & Leaves use to boil and drink to helps to control high blood pressure. | Boiling in water | Basak | Dichroa febrifuga | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Koepfli, J. B., Mead, J. F., & Brockman, J. A., Jr. (1947). An alkaloid with high antimalarial activity from Dichroa febrifuga. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 69(7), 1837. doi: 10.1021/ja01199a513 | Pines, M., & Nagler, A. (2012). Halofuginone—The Multifaceted Molecule. Molecules, 17(12), 14643–14658. doi: 10.3390/molecules171214643. | Rup maya rai | Sakyong | Yanggtey | Geyzing | |||
148 | Sikkim | Human | The bark for treat fever and The roots for intestinal troubles. | fever and intestinal troubles. | The bark use to crush and make juice and given to treat fever. The roots are used to crush and make juice for intestinal troubles. | Crushed with stone | Kagatey | Daphne cannabina | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Li, X., et al. (2025). Mitigation of chemotherapy-induced gut dysbiosis and diarrhea by supplementation with heat-killed Bacteroides fragilis. Frontiers in Immunology, 16, 40624638. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.40624638. | Lima, A. A., et al. (1987). Lack of a role of the duodenal microflora in pathogenesis of persistent diarrhea and diarrhea-related malabsorption in Peruvian children. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 6(3), 276-282. doi: 10.1097/00006454-198703000-00013. | Rasham lal rai | lower Amlog | yangtey | Geyzing | |||
149 | Sikkim | Human | Flower use for diarrhea | diarrhea | Flower use to boil and drink like tea to cure diarrhea. | Boiling in water | Sakhino jhar | Desmodium spp. | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ezike, A. C., Akah, P. A., Okoli, C. O., Ufere, I. K., Ezeudu, E., Okoye, C. F., Ashara, C. & Igbokwe, I. N. (2014). STUDIES ON GASTROINTESTINAL EFFECTS OF DESMODIUM VELUTINUM: A TRADITIONAL REMEDY FOR DIARRHEA. American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 9(2), 114-124. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajptsp.2014.114.124. | Chandra Bdr. Gurung | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
150 | Sikkim | Human | leaves is taken for fever. | fever. | Leaves use to boil and drink to cure fever. | Boiling in water | Vasak | Dichorea febrifuja | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bhanu kumar Khatiwara | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
151 | Sikkim | Human | Fruit for fever and cough. | Feaver and cough. | Fruit juice with sugar works ass cooling beverage in fever and cough. | Eaten raw | Ramphal | Dillenia indica | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Gogoi, B., & Gogoi, N. (2020). Dillenia indica Linn.—A Multipurpose Medicinal Plant of Assam. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(4), 163-167. 3 | Kishore Dulal | Upper Kyongsha | Yangthang | Geyzing | ||||
152 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves for wound | Wound | Leaves and young shoots are use to crush and make paste and apply on wound. | Paste | Kukurtarul | Dioscorea deltoidea | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Sawangjaroen, K., et al. (2024). Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. extract and flavanthrinin as a potential antibacterial agent for skin infection: In vitro and in vivo studies. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 325, 117064. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117064. 38 | Chandra bdr. Gurung | Khorong | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | ||||
153 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Ghartarul | Dioscorea alata | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | El-Hawary, M. E., & El-Ashry, M. A. (2023). Effects of herbal supplements on milk production quality and specific blood parameters in heat-stressed early lactating cows. Veterinary World, 16(6), 1184–1191. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1184-1191. | Nanda lal Gurung | Khorong | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | ||||
154 | Sikkim | Human | Used for epileptic fits. | epileptic fits. | cure epileptic fits. | Dried | Rudraksh | Eleocorpus spaericus | ⚫Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Fisher, R. S., et al. (2005). Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia, 46(4), 470-472. doi: 10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x. | Pradeep Tamang | Pragati | Yangthang | Geyzing | ||||
155 | Sikkim | Human | fruits for typhoid. | typhoid. | Fruits use as raw for treatment of typhoid. | Fresh used | Khanakpa | Evodia fraxinifolia | ⚫Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Baker, S., et al. (2022). The international and intercontinental spread and expansion of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella Typhi: a genomic epidemiology study. Lancet Microbe, 3(7), e501-e510. doi: 10.1016/S2666-5247(22)00078-4. 43 | Pitzer, V. E., & Patel, M. K. (2015). A review of typhoid fever transmission dynamic models and economic evaluations of vaccination. Vaccine, 33(14), 1615-1629. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.046. | M.K. Gurung | Darap | Darap | Geyzing | |||
156 | Sikkim | Human | Seeds use to control dandruff | control dandruff | Seeds use to crush and make paste and use as soap for control dandruff. | Paste | Pangra | Entada scandens | 🟤 Brown, 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Gemmer, C. M., & DeAngelis, Y. M. (2011). Stratum corneum dysfunction in dandruff. British Journal of Dermatology, 165(Suppl 2), 3-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10496.x. 24 | Nandalal Gurung | Khorong | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | ||||
157 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves use for control bleeding of urinary tract. | bleeding of urinary tract. | Fresh leaves use to boil and drink that water to cure bleeding of urinary tract. | Boiling in water | Kurkure Jhar | Equesetum debile | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | DB Basnet | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
158 | Sikkim | Human | leaves used in cuts and wounds. | cuts and wounds. | Extract got from leaves crush and used in cuts and wounds. | Paste | Kalijhar | Eupapatorium odoratum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Phan TT, Hughes MA, Cherry GW, Le TT, Pham HM. (1996). An aqueous extract of the leaves of Chromolaena odorata (formerly Eupatorium odoratum) (Eupolin) inhibits hydrated collagen lattice contraction by normal human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine | DB Basnet | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
159 | Sikkim | Human | Leaf and stem use for stop bleeding & infection. | stop bleeding & infection. | Leaf and stem used to crush and make paste and apply on cut & bruises to stop bleeding & infection. | Paste | Banmara | Eupatorium cannabium | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Mohelfatih, M., et al. (2025). Major blood stream infection-causing bacterial pathogens, antimicrobial resistance patterns and trends: a multisite retrospective study in Asmara, Eritrea (2014-2022). Infection and Drug Resistance, 18, 39984936. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S476332. 53 | DB Basnet | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
160 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits use to cure Urinary tract infection (UTI) | Urinary tract infection (UTI) | Fruitsuse to crush and make juice and take for Urinary tract infection (UTI) | Fresh used | Amla | Emblica officinalis Gaertn phyllantus emblic linn | 🔴 Red , 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Saeed, S., & Tariq, P. (2007). Antibacterial activities of Emblica officinalis and Coriandrum sativum against Gram negative urinary pathogens. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20(1), 32-35. PMID: 17337425. | Passang Sherpa 9064334133 | zill village | Soreng | Rinchanpong | ||||
161 | Sikkim | Agriculture | stem bark is used in paper manufacture. | paper manufacture. | A fish poison and stem bark is used in paper manufacture. | drying in sunlight | Argaily | Edgewotthia gardeneri | ⚫Black | Least Concern (LC) | Passang Sherpa 9064334133 | zill village | Soreng | Rinchanpong | |||||
162 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Tarpin | Eucalyptus globosa | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Sheoran, S., Dey, A., & Sindhu, S. (2023). Reduction of methane and nitrogen emission and improvement of feed efficiency, rumen fermentation, and milk production through strategic supplementation of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) leaf meal in the diet of lactating buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 125510-125525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31089-0. | Naina kala rai 7407603019 | zill village | Soreng | Rinchanpong | ||||
163 | Sikkim | Human | Latex for check infection. | infection | Latex, bark applied on boils to check infection | Fresh used | Khasrey Khaneu | Ficus semicordata | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Baral, R., Karki, A., Karki, S., Neupane, B., Koirala, P., Baral, S., & Panta, S. (2021). Current Perspectives on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. . | Gandhi, A. (2020). Qualitative, quantitative screening and antifungal study of ficus semicordata buch. -HAM. EX SM. International Journal of Public Health Science, 9. https://doi.org/10.11591/IJPHS.V9I2.20384. | Domit Lepcha 7047643346 | zill village | soreng | Rinchanpong | |||
164 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Lakuri | Fraxinus floribunda | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No scientific validation | Gori Maya Limboo 9609064621 | Hee Goaw | Burmiok | Geyzing | ||||
165 | Sikkim | Human | Tubers use for abdominal pains | abdominal pains | Tubers use to boil and take for cure abdominal pains | Boiling in water | Langarey Tarul, | Gloriosa superba | 🟢 Green 🔵Blue | Least Concern | Mna, R., Chennamaneni, S., & Challa, S. (2013). Anti-ulcerogenic Evaluation of Gloriosa Superba Tuber Extracts In-vivo and Anthelmintic Activity In-vitro: A Comparison.. Research and reviews: journal of medical and health sciences, 2, 73-79. | Uplanchiwar, V. (2021). PHARMACOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF GLORIOSA SUPERBA LINN TUBERS IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED GASTRIC ULCERS. Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences. https://doi.org/10.22270/jmpas.v10i3.1164. | Sabia Pradhan 7407458778 | zill village | soreng | Rinchhananpong | |||
166 | Sikkim | Human | Roots are used for Cough and fever. | Cough and fever. | Roots are used dry then use that dried roots to boil and take as a medicine in Cough, fever. | Drying in sunlight | Jethimadhu | Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. | 🔴 Red 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Jalali, A., Dabaghian, F., Akbrialiabad, H., Foroughinia, F., & Zarshenas, M. (2020). A pharmacology‐based comprehensive review on medicinal plants and phytoactive constituents possibly effective in the management of COVID‐19. Phytotherapy Research, 35, 1925 - 1938. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6936. | Nosáľová, G., Flešková, D., Jurecek, L., Sadloňová, V., & Ray, B. (2013). Herbal polysaccharides and cough reflex. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, 187, 47-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2013.03.015. | Sujata rai 9733294342 | Toyang village | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
167 | Sikkim | Human | Astringent property, a nutritional diet, rich in vitamins and minerals | Astringent property, a nutritional diet, rich in vitamins and minerals | Astringent property, a nutritional diet, rich in vitamins and minerals use to take as dry or roast. | Drying in sunlight | vhatmas | Glyeine soja | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Ren, Z., Yin, X., Liu, L., Zhang, L., Shen, W., Fang, Z., Yu, Q., Qin, L., Chen, L., Jia, R., Wang, X., & Liu, B. (2024). Flavonoid localization in soybean seeds: Comparative analysis of wild (Glycine soja) and cultivated (Glycine max) varieties.. Food chemistry, 456, 139883 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139883. | Nnu Maya Kami 9083529448 | Toyang village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
168 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits use for skin Eruptions. | skin Eruptions. | Fruits eat raw for skin Eruptions. | Fresh used | Achuk | Hippophae salicifolia | 🟤 Brown 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Pundir, S., Garg, P., Dviwedi, A., Ali, A., Kapoor, V., Kapoor, D., Kulshrestha, S., Lal, U., & Negi, P. (2020). Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and dermatological effects of Hippophae rhamnoides L.: A review.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 113434 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113434. | Sabitri Biswakarma 7478734324 | Toyang village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
169 | Sikkim | Human | Oil is used for headache. | headache. | Oil is extracted from nuts and used for headache. | Okhar | Juglans regia | 🟤 Brown 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Raafat, K. (2018). Phytochemical analysis of Juglans regia oil and kernel exploring their antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potentials utilizing combined bio-guided GC-FID, GC-MS and HPLC analyses. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 28, 358-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BJP.2018.03.007. | Sabitri Biswakarma 7478734324 | Toyang village | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
170 | Sikkim | Human | roots for wounds and Broken bones. | Fracture and broken bones. | Roots use to crush then make paste and apply on the place of fracture or broken bones then tight with cloths. | Paste (Crush with the help of stones) | Bhui Champa | Kaempferia roturela | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated | Adhikary, S., Choudhary, D., Ahmad, N., Karvande, A., Kumar, A., Banala, V., Mishra, P., & Trivedi, R. (2018). Dietary flavonoid kaempferol inhibits glucocorticoid-induced bone loss by promoting osteoblast survival.. Nutrition, 53, 64-76 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2017.12.003. | Sabitri Biswakarma 7478734324 | Toyang village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
171 | Sikkim | Human | It is aromatic. | aromatic | It is aromatic, carminative. | Drying | Siltimbur | Linderaa neesiana | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Shyaula, S., Ghimire, M., Maharjan, S., & Gurung, K. (2024). Optimisation of Essential Oil Extraction of Lindera neesiana From Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid and Comparison to Steam and Simultaneous Distillation Extraction. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3835. | DB Basnet | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
172 | Sikkim | Human | fruit for stomach trouble. | stomach trouble. | seeds use to dried or take raw for stomach trouble. | Fresh used | Bokey timur | Litsea citrata | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | , 赵. (1992). Process for preparing compound injection of cubeb litsea tree fruit. . | Kong, D., Zhao, Y., Li, G., Chen, B., Wang, X., Zhou, H., Lou, H., Ren, D., & Shen, T. (2015). The genus Litsea in traditional Chinese medicine: an ethnomedical, phytochemical and pharmacological review.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 164, 256-64 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.020. | DB Basnet | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
173 | Sikkim | Human | Whole plant for blood purifier. | blood purifier. | Whole plant use to boil and take like tea for blood purifier. | Boiling | Naagbeli | Lycopodium clavatum | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No Scientific validation | DB Basnet | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
174 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves for maintain body tempurature. | maintain body tempurature. | Leaves use to soaking for whole night and have with water to maintain body tempurature. | Soaking overnight | Pudina | Mentha viridis | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Kouhila, M., Belghit, A., Daguenet, M., & Boutaleb, B. (2001). Experimental determination of the sorption isotherms of mint (Mentha viridis), sage (Salvia officinalis) and verbena (Lippia citriodora). Journal of Food Engineering, 47, 281-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(00)00130-8. | Passang Sherpa 9064334133 | zill village | Soreng | Rinchanpong | ||||
175 | Sikkim | Human | Root is tonic. | tonic. | Root is is use to crush and make juice as tonic. | Paste | Sajana | Moringa oleifera | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Chowdhury, G. (2023). Moringa oleifera: Nutritional and Functional components and its Medicinal Importance in Ayurveda. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE. https://doi.org/10.5455/jrtm.2023/122152. | Passang Sherpa 9064334133 | zill village | Soreng | Rinchanpong | ||||
176 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Baahuni Lahara | Marsdenia roylei | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | No Scientific validation | Naina kala rai 7407603019 | zill village | Soreng | Rinchanpong | ||||
177 | Sikkim | Human | The root is used in treating fever and cough complaint. | fever and cough | Roots use to make paste and drink with water to cure fever and cough. | Paste | Lajjawanti | Mimosa pudica | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Prashar, S., Kaur, P., Sharma, P., Khatun, A., & Shaikh, N. (2020). A Study on Comparative Antioxidant Properties of Mimosa pudica, Vachellia nilotica, Leucas aspera, Phyllanthus niruri, emidesmus indicus and Adhatoda vasica. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 9, 833-840. https://doi.org/10.20546/IJCMAS.2020.912.100. | Domit Lepcha 7047643346 | zill village | soreng | Rinchanpong | ||||
178 | Sikkim | Human | Whole plant & root stock for Skin disease. | Skin disease. | Whole plant & root stock cuts and boil and take for Skin diseases. | Boiling | Jatamansi | Nardostachys jatamansi DC. | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🔴 Red | Critically Endangered | Yoon, C., Lee, H., Liu, Z., Dong, L., Lee, G., Kim, N., Oh, H., & Lee, D. (2024). Cycloolivil Isolated from Nardostachys jatamansi Inhibits TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced Chemokine Production by Blocking NF-κB and JAK/STAT Activation in HaCaT Keratinocytes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063342. | Gori Maya Limboo 9609064621 | Hee Goaw | Burmiok | Geyzing | ||||
179 | Sikkim | Human | Flower use for diebatic and control pressure. | diebatic and control pressure. | Infusion of leaves is given as a remedy for gastric trouble, flu, colds & feaver. | Boiling | Tulasi | Ocimum sanctum | 🟢 Green | Least Concern | Somasundaram, G., Manimekalai, K., Salwe, K., & Pandiamunian, J. (2019). EVALUATION OF THE ANTIDIABETIC EFFECT OF OCIMUM SANCTUM IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS. . | Sabia Pradhan 7407458778 | zill village | soreng | Rinchanpong | ||||
180 | Sikkim | Human | Bark, root bark, fruits,/fever, bronchitis, dysentery, asthma | Bark, root bark, fruits,/fever, bronchitis, dysentery, asthma | Flower use as vegetable to control diebatic and control pressure. | Boiling | Totola | Oroxylum indicum | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🔴 Red | Least Concern | Dinda, B., SilSarma, I., Dinda, M., & Rudrapaul, P. (2015). Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, an important Asian traditional medicine: from traditional uses to scientific data for its commercial exploitation.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 161, 255-78 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.027. | Sujata rai 9733294342 | Toyang village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
181 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves and shoot for cuts & wounds to stop bleeding & infection | cuts & wounds to stop bleeding & infection | Fresh juice applied on cuts & wounds to stop bleeding & infection | Fresh used | Jaringo | Phytolacca acinossa | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Albahri, G., Badran, A., Hijazi, A., Daou, A., Baydoun, E., Nasser, M., & Merah, O. (2023). The Therapeutic Wound Healing Bioactivities of Various Medicinal Plants. Life, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020317. | G.M Gagi 9593375962 | lower Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
182 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Pipla | Piper longum | Not Evaluated | No Scientific validation | G.M Gagi 9593375962 | lower Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
183 | Sikkim | Human | stem use for cuts & wounds to stop bleeding & infection | cuts & wounds to stop bleeding & infection | Mashed stem and make paste and applied on cuts & wounds to stop bleeding & infection | Paste | Thado unew | Pteri biaurita | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Sheeba, H., Jeya, B., & Kumar, R. (2014). Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from a Few Medicinal Ferns. . | Om Bhadur Kharka 8145748982 | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
184 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Ratnaula | Polygonum viviparum | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Yao, X., Wu, J., & Gong, X. (2019). Precipitation and seasonality affect grazing impacts on herbage nutritive values in alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Journal of Plant Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1093/JPE/RTZ027. | Naina kala rai 7407603019 | zill village | Soreng | Rinchanpong | ||||
185 | Sikkim | Human | roots used as astringent, tonic stomachic | astringent, tonic stomachic | Dried rhizome &roots are use to crush and make powder and used as astringent, tonic stomachic. The petals as pickles. | Drying | Padamchal | Rheum australe | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue | Endangered | Pandith, S., Dar, R., Lattoo, S., Shah, M., & Reshi, Z. (2018). Rheum australe, an endangered high-value medicinal herb of North Western Himalayas: a review of its botany, ethnomedical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Phytochemistry Reviews, 17, 573 - 609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-018-9551-7. | Domit Lepcha 7047643346 | zill village | Soreng | Rinchanpong | ||||
186 | Sikkim | Human | fruit is used to cure burnt part of the body. | burnt body part | The juice of fruit is used to cure burnt part of the body | Fresh used | Ritha | Sapindus mukrosssi | 🟤 Brown 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | No Scientific validation | Sam kumar Chettri 9735087569 | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
187 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Tooni | Toona ciliata | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Kaushik, T. (1993). Variation Studies on Toona ciliata M. Roem.. . | Sam kumar Chettri 9735087569 | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
188 | Sikkim | Human | Eaten raw roots or boiling roots | superior for pregnent ladies and help to enhance milk creation | Eaten raw or making powder and taken with water | Satavari | Asparagus racemosus | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Kumar, S., Mehla, R., & Dang, A. (2008). USE OF SHATAVARI (ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS) AS A GALACTOPOIETIC AND THERAPEUTIC HERB- A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews, 29, 132-138. | Abikeshar Khatiwada 9735032747 | Middle Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
189 | Category-Human, Veterinary, Agriculture | Title of Practice | Ailment/problem | practice in detail | Process: boiling, mixing, paste, fermentation, soaking overnight, soaking for longer duration, drying | Ingredient/Plant)-1 (Write local name, English Name, Botanical name | PAs Code-red: clinical studies done; green- AYUSH, Blue- In vitro or In vivo study done; Brown: only ethnographical report ; black: not reported or unique | IUCN status Plant 1 | PAS-1 | PAS-2 | PAS-3 | PAS-4 | Knowledge Provider name | Village | Block | District | |||
190 | Local | English | Botanical | ||||||||||||||||
191 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for treating muscle fatigue | Muscle fatigue | The aerial parts of the plant are boiled in water to prepare a decoction, which is applied topically to relieve muscle fatigue. | Boiling (decoction) | Thulbabil/ Bobul | Babuna | Cotula anthemoids L | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Mir et al. (2022) documented C. anthemoides decoction for muscular pain in Srinagar Himalayan communities (ethnobotanical) MDPI+7ethnobotanyjournal.org+7Cabi Digital Library+7; MDPI/Molecules (2022) confirmed anti‑inflammatory (in vitro, COX‑2/TNF‑α inhibition) | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
192 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional body wash for postpartum care in women | Postpartum hygiene and recovery | The plant is boiled in water and used as a traditional body wash for postpartum recovery in women. | Boiling | Thulbabil | Babuna | Cotula anthemoids L | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Wani et al. (2019) recorded its topical use in postpartum hygiene in Kashmir. EthnobotanyJournal | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
193 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal formulation to cure diarrhea | Diarrhea | 5–10 g of fresh leaves are boiled to make a decoction, which is consumed orally to treat diarrhoea. | Boiling (decoction) | Yann | Horse Mint | Mentha longifolia | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Lone & Rather (2020) report use in Bandipora. Khan et al. (2018) showed antimicrobial activity. ResearchGate | Gh Mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
194 | Kashmir | Human Health | Indigenous remedy for toothache | Toothache | Half-burnt seeds are placed directly on the infected tooth to relieve pain. | Burning / Direct use | Datur | Thorn apple | Datura stramonium | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | Mir & Bhat (2021) ethnobotanical account; Singh et al. (2015) validated anti-inflammatory effect. PubMed | Ali Mohd Dar | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
195 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Fodder plant used for general cattle nutrition | General nutrition in livestock | The fresh plant is fed directly to cattle to support nutrition. | Direct feeding | Dramun | Bermuda grass | Cynodon dactylon | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Shah, A., & Ganie, A. (2019). Traditional fodder practices in rural Kashmir. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 17: 1–10. https://ethnobotanyjournal.org | Ali Mohd Dar | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
196 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional herbal treatment for toothache | Toothache | Fresh roots are chewed directly to relieve tooth pain. | Direct chewing | Pahale Ghass | Common Yarrow | Achillea Millefolium | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Rahman, A., et al. (2020). Antinociceptive effects of Achillea millefolium extract in experimental dental pain. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 253, 112658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.112658 | Gh Mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
197 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Fodder herb used to enhance milk yield and animal vitality | Low milk yield & poor animal vitality | 1 kg of fresh plant is fed to cattle daily to improve milk yield and vitality. | Direct feeding | Batt Threer | - | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||||||
198 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Low milk production in cattle | 1 kg of fresh leaves and stem given to cattle in morning and evening feed. | Direct feeding | Dadije | Milk Thistle | lactuca serriola | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Rauf, A. et al. (2015). L. serriola as ethnoveterinary feed in NW Pakistan. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 13: 499–510. ResearchGate | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
199 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach ache | Stomach ache | A spoonful of root extract is given orally to relieve stomach pain. | Extract / Oral dose | Mohar Munj | Wild Carrot | daucus carota | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Sharma, N. et al. (2012). Antispasmodic properties of D. carota. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(3): 475–480. | Gh Mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
200 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal decoction used for mouth rinsing | Oral infections & bad breath | Pine leaves are boiled to make a decoction used as a mouth rinse. | Boiling (decoction) | Kairn | Pinus Sp | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Jain, S. et al. (2019). Antimicrobial activity of Pinus roxburghii essential oil. Indian J. Trad. Knowl., 18(1): 136–141. | Gh Mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | ||||
201 | Kashmir | Human Health | Multifunctional herbal remedy for toothache, stomach ache & fatty liver | Toothache, stomach ache, fatty liver | Fresh or dried leaves are boiled into decoction and given orally to treat multiple ailments like stomach ache and worms | Boiling (decoction) | Tathwain | wormwood | Artimesia absenthium | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Tiwari, A. et al. (2021). Anthelmintic activity of A. absinthium. Pharmacognosy Journal, 13(3): 637–642. | Zoona Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
202 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Cattle fodder to boost milk yield and animal health | Low milk yield & animal health maintenance | Fresh plant (1 kg) fed to cattle daily for boosting productivity and strength in cow | Direct feeding | Haath Mool | common vervain | Verbena officinalis L | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | AYUSH Pharmacopoeia. (2011). Verbena spp. listed under medicinal veterinary plants. | Mubeena Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
203 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Ethnoveterinary practice for improving animal condition | Weakness or poor body condition in animals | Fresh leaves given once daily to improve physical condition in animals. | Direct feeding | Baad Gul | broadleaf plantain | Plantago major L | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Khan, M.A. (2018). Ethnoveterinary uses of P. major in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. JAPS, 28(2): 547–552. | Mubeena Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
204 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for cough & cold | Cough & cold | Dried fruits are powdered and taken orally with water to relieve cough and cold symptoms. | Drying / Powdering | Wild strawberry | Wild strawberry | Fragaria nubicola (Rosaceae) | 🟢 Green → 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Dar, G.H. et al. (2017). Himalayan ethnobotany. Indian J. Ethnopharm., 197: 138–144; in vitro antioxidant studies confirm use. | Zoona Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
205 | Kashmir | Human Health | Fresh fruit tonic for weakness and stomach upsets | General weakness & stomach upset | Fresh fruit taken as juice or jam to relieve general weakness and digestive upset. | Juicing | Wild strawberry | Wild strawberry | Fragaria nubicola (Rosaceae) | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bhat, M. et al. (2020). Nutraceutical potential of wild strawberries. Asian J. Bio Sci., 15(2): 324–330. | Zoona Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
206 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach relief | Stomach discomfort | A decoction from fresh leaves is taken orally (1 tsp) to treat upset stomach. | Boiling (decoction) | Shallut | Asthmaweed | Conyza bonariensis | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | El-Shazly, A. et al. (2014). Antispasmodic & antimicrobial effects of C. bonariensis. Phytotherapy Research, 28(9): 1369–1375. | Gh Mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
207 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Herbal fodder promoting digestion and physical fitness in cattle | Indigestion & weakness in cattle | Fresh plant is fed to cattle to improve digestion and strength. | Direct feeding | Shallut | Asthmaweed | Conyza bonariensis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ethnobotanical survey in North India (Yadav et al., 2017). No pharmacological trials. | Gh Mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
208 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Herbal remedy for treating anaemia | Anaemia | Fresh fruit is juiced and given to treat anaemia. | Juicing | Chanch | thornless blackberry | Rubus ulmifolius | 🔵 Blue | vulnerable | Barros, L. et al. (2010). Iron and vitamin C content support use in anaemia. Food Chemistry, 123(3): 883–888. | Ali Mohd Dar | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
209 | Kashmir | Human Health | Indigenous medicine for anaemia management | Anaemia | The fresh fruits are crushed into extract then given in the form of juice | Crushing / Juicing | Kamai | black nightshade | Solanum migrum | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Raju, K. et al. (2019). S. nigrum boosts haemoglobin in rats. Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci., 10(3): 159–166. | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
210 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for tooth pain relief | Toothache | Roots are chewed or applied directly to relieve toothache. | Chewing / Topical use | Kamai | black nightshade | Solanum migrum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Wani, B.A. et al. (2013). Traditional toothache remedy in Kashmir. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 17: 15–23. | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
211 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal application for cyst treatment | Cysts | The milk-like sap is applied directly to the cyst | Direct topical application | Anjeer | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Naseri, M. et al. (2015). Anticystic activity of F. carica latex. Avicenna J. Phytomed., 5(2): 132–141. | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
212 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal formula for constipation and blood pressure regulation | Constipation & high blood pressure | Green leaves are ground and boiled into a decoction, taken orally to relieve constipation and manage blood pressure. | Boiling (decoction) | Saunf | fennel | Foeniculum Vulgare | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Javed, S. et al. (2012). Hypotensive effect of fennel leaf decoction. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci., 25(2): 389–394. | Gh Mohi din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
213 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional remedy for managing blood pressure | High blood pressure | Dry seeds are ground into powder, mixed with water, and taken orally to cure blood pressure problem | Grinding / Mixing | Saunf | fennel | Foeniculum Vulgare | 🟢 Green → 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ahmad, A. et al. (2016). Antihypertensive activity of F. vulgare seeds. BMC Complement Altern Med., 16: 336. | Gh Mohi din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
214 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal galactagogue for lactation in postpartum women | Low lactation after childbirth | Powdered dry seeds are taken with water to stimulate milk production in postpartum women. | Grinding / Mixing | Saunf | fennel | Foeniculum Vulgare | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | AYUSH Monographs (2020); Dey, D. et al. (2021). F. vulgare seed extract improves milk secretion in rats. | Gh Mohi din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
215 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Herbal tonic for overall wellness | General weakness | The plant is cooked and eaten without roots as a general wellness tonic. | Cooking | Kral Munj | shepherd's purse | Capsella bursapastoris | 🟢 Green → 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Khare, C.P. (2007). Indian Medicinal Plants; Sari, A. et al. (2018). Hepatoprotective and tonic effect in animal model. | Zoona Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
216 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Traditional cattle fodder plant | Animal nutrition | The fresh plant is given raw to cattle as basic nutrition. | Direct feeding | Watangil | - | Saieda Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||||||
217 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Seasonal cattle fodder | Seasonal livestock feed | The fresh plant is given raw to cattle as basic nutrition. | Direct feeding | Zarkash | housandleaf tansy mustard | Descuraina Millefolia | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Kaul, M.K. (1997). Medicinal Plants of Kashmir and Ladakh – ethnovet use mentioned, no clinical trials found. | Saieda Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
218 | Kashmir | Human Health | Vitamin C-rich plant for treating mouth ulcers | Mouth ulcers | A decoction made from leaves is used as a mouth rinse to heal mouth ulcers. | Boiling (decoction) | Cxukchine | Erect Prickly Pear | Oxalis Stricta | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Mir, M.S. et al. (2020). J&K Journal of Indigenous Medicine, 4(2): Ethnomedicinal applications confirmed. In vitro antimicrobial effects reported by Kaur et al. (2015). | Gh Mohi din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
219 | Kashmir | Human Health | Medicinal plant for muscular pain relief | Muscular pain | Flowers and leaves are boiled for body wash to relieve muscular aches. | Boiling (body wash) | Kalvloth | common self-heal, heal-all, woundwort | Prunella valgaris | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Bano, A. et al. (2021). Traditional body pain relief in NW Himalayas. Int. J. Plant Sci., 16(2): 114–120. Supported by anti-inflammatory study (Li et al., 2017). | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
220 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary plant used as animal feed | Livestock feed | Dry leaves are provided as fodder, especially in dry seasons. | Fodder / Direct use | Cxeer Kul | Common Cocklebur | Xanthium strumarium | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ahmad, S. et al. (2016). Local fodder usage in Kashmir, reported in Ethnobotany Leaflets, but no efficacy trials. | Mubeena | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
221 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal cure for abdominal pain | Abdominal pain | Cooked and consumed as a vegetable to relieve abdominal discomfort. | Cooking | Wari Haand | Spanish | Lentinus tigrinus | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Nanda, S. et al. (2014). Nutraceutical effect of L. tigrinus on digestion. Indian J. Traditional Knowledge, 13(4): 719–725. | Dilshada Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
222 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Natural sweetener with medicinal properties | Dietary supplement (sweetener) | Used raw or lightly processed to naturally sweeten local dishes or teas. | Raw or lightly processed | Kahaw ghass | White Dead Nettle | Lamium album | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Dar, B.A. et al. (2019). Traditional food use in Gurez Valley. No specific pharmacological studies as sweetener. | Gh Mohi din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
223 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Protein-rich herbal food source | Protein deficiency | Seeds are boiled and served in meals as a plant-based protein source. | Boiling / Cooking | Bagle dal | Broad Bean | Vicia faba | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | Sharma, R. (2020). Documented use in Kashmir valley as rich legume protein. J. Rural & Agri Res., 20(1): 18–24. | Mubeena | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
224 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Indigenous cattle feed supplement | Nutritional supplement for cattle | Given as a mixture in livestock feed to enhance nutritional balance. | Mixing in feed | Drub Ghases | Common Lawn Grass | Cynodon dactylon | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bhattarai, S. et al. (2012). Antimicrobial and nutraceutical properties. Locally used as cattle fodder (Dar et al., 2016 – Ethnobot. Leaflets). | Ali MOhd Dar | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
225 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Livestock fodder used in traditional practices | Livestock nutrition | Whole plant is added into cattle feed in combination with other fodder. | Mixing in feed | Batak Lyunt | Red Clover | Trifolium pratense | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Sharma, A. et al. (2015). T. pratense as traditional fodder and in vitro digestibility confirmed in local fodder practices. | Haseena Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
226 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal additive used in traditional teas | General wellness | 5 grams of leaves or seeds are boiled with tea to add flavor and medicinal benefit. | Boiling / Infusion | Chai Cxeere | - | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||||||
227 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Pulse seeds used in local diets | Nutrition (protein source) | High-quality pulses are harvested and cooked traditionally as a protein-rich food. | Cooking | Hibble Hymb | - | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||||||
228 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional remedy for abdominal disorders and diarrhoea | Abdominal disorders, diarrhea | Leaves are ground into decoction; 1 teaspoon taken orally to treat diarrhoea and cramps. | Grinding / Decoction | Gand Soy | Catnip | Nepeta cataria L. | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Ahmad et al. (2020) report traditional antispasmodic use in J&K; Khan et al. (2012) confirm in vivo antidiarrheal effects. See PubMed | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
229 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for common cold | Common cold | A soup is made from the leaves and consumed to ease cold symptoms. | Cooking (soup) | Tsochal | Common Mallow | Malva neglecta L | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Dar, M.A. et al. (2019). Ethnomedicinal survey of Kupwara shows its use in cold. No clinical studies found. | Gh. Mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
230 | Kashmir | Human Health | Indigenous remedy for abdominal pain, urinary tract infections, and dehydration | Abdominal pain, UTIs, dehydration | Basil seeds are soaked until swollen; sweetened and consumed to aid hydration and digestion. | Soaking | Bari Kul | Basil | Ocimum Basilicus | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Mir, B.A. et al. (2017). Local use validated for UTI and cooling. In vitro diuretic effects reported (Rafieian-Kopaei et al., 2014) Google Scholar. | Hajra Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
231 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Cattle feed with health-promoting benefits | General cattle health | Fresh plant parts are added to daily fodder to improve animal digestion. | Mixing in fodder | Kecx Kul | Himalayan Indigo | Indigofera heterantha | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Kaul, M.K. (1997). Used in Kashmir as high-fiber fodder; no pharmacological validation yet. Mentioned in Indian Grassland Reports. | Hajra Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
232 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal application for treating eye infections | Eye infections | Leaves are ground into a paste and applied around the infected eye area to reduce inflammation. | Paste / Topical | Bhang Kul | Marijuana | Cannabis Sativa Indica | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Wani et al. (2016). Traditional eye applications noted in Himalayan ethnomedicine. Antimicrobial in vitro action confirmed by Ali et al. (2019) DOI. | Haseensa Ara | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
233 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for gum infections and dental whitening | Gum infection & tooth cleaning | Fresh leaves and stems are used to brush teeth and gums to treat infections, and also helps in whiten teeth. | Brushing (oral use) | Gandangund | - | GH. Mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||||||
234 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Traditional cattle fodder for milk enhancement | Low milk production | given in dry and fresh forms throughout the year as key livestock fodder. | Feeding (year-round) | Durham | witchgrass | Panicum Capillare | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Wani, A. A. et al. (2015). Traditional forage in Kashmir. No scientific trials available. | Hajra Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
235 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Used as cattle fodder to increase milk production | Low milk yield | Fresh leaves are fed daily to cattle to support and increase milk yield. | Direct feeding | Kunn | Kashmir Elder | Sambucus Wightiana | ⚫ Black | Least Concern (LC) | No formal studies found; local use documented anecdotally in Srinagar pastures. | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
236 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal formula to treat gum issues | Gum infections | Bark is used as a natural toothbrush to treat gum disease and maintain oral hygiene. | Brushing (oral hygiene) | Doon Kul | Walnut | Juglans Regia | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Rather et al. (2012) confirm local practice; antibacterial properties verified PubMed | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
237 | Kashmir | Agricultural Practice | Herbal pesticide for insect control | Insect pests | Whole plant is boiled into decoction, used as natural pesticide in agricultural fields. | Boiling (decoction) | Phak Ghass | Stinking Chamomile | Anthemis cotula L. | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Shah et al. (2019) report in vitro pesticidal efficacy; traditional use in J&K noted in Kaul (1997) | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
238 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for pain relief, fractures and postpartum recovery | Pain, fractures, postpartum recovery | The plant is cooked and consumed as a vegetable to relieve musculoskeletal pain and support postpartum recovery. | Cooking | Haand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Used traditionally for women’s recovery; no clinical trials but documented by Bhat et al. (2013) in Himalayan region | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
239 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal immune booster | Weak immunity | Roots are dried and brewed into a tea that is consumed to enhance immune system function. | Drying / Tea preparation | Haand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Khan et al. (2020) reported antioxidant activity in decoction; AYUSH also includes it in immunity kits | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
240 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Traditional livestock feed | Livestock nutrition | Leaves are given fresh to cattle as part of daily nutritional intake. | Direct feeding | Mazan | Summer Cypress | Bassia Scoparia | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | Recognized by local veterinary AYUSH texts as cattle feed supplement | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
241 | Kashmir | Human Health | Iron-rich herb for anaemic patients | Anaemia | Ripe fruits are crushed and consumed as juice or jam to combat iron deficiency. | Juicing | Mishri Grass | Sweet Cherry | Prunus Avium | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Singh et al. (2018) report iron-rich juice used locally; supported by nutritional trials in fruit composition | Mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
242 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for general weakness | General weakness | Dry seeds are ground and mixed with milk, taken as a nutritional tonic to restore strength. | Grinding / Mixing | Ganhar | green amaranth | Amaranthaceae | 🔵 Blue | Not Applicable (N/A) | Wani et al. (2020) show seed tonics used in Kashmir and validated in in vivo strength studies | Haseena Ara | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
243 | Kashmir | Human Health | Natural hair fall treatment | Hair fall | Plant is processed into hair oil or shampoo to treat dandruff and prevent hair loss. | Processing (Hair care) | Kukli port | Cuscuta reflexa | Cuscuta reflexa | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Ali et al. (2016) support in vitro anti-dandruff effect; traditional use across North India | Hajra Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
244 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Traditional spice for culinary and medicinal uses | Digestion & culinary use | Leaves are dried, powdered and used to flavor traditional dishes. | Drying / Powdering | Meethi | Fenugreek | Trigunella Fuenum Graecum | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | Widely used in AYUSH texts; Ahmad & Dar (2015) document regional culinary and medicinal uses | GH Mohd dar | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
245 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Herbal masala for meat dishes | Culinary use | Bulbs are dried and ground to prepare Kashmiri curry masala, especially for meat recipes. | Drying / Grinding | Pran | Onion | Allium cepa var. prolliferum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Mentioned in traditional spice mixes in Ladakh cuisine (Mir, 2019); no scientific evidence available | Gh Mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
246 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medicine for joint pain relief | Joint pain | Powdered seeds are taken orally with warm water to relieve joint pain and stiffness. | Grinding / Oral intake | Kashmiri Pomegranate | Pomegranate | Punica granatum | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Zahid et al. (2021) confirmed anti-inflammatory action of seeds in lab trials | Gh Mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
247 | Kashmir | Nutraceutica | Nutritive vegetable to combat general weakness | Weakness/malnutrition | Leaves are cooked and eaten as a regular vegetable to improve strength and stamina. | Cooking | Wast Hak | Redroot Pigweed | Amaranthus dubius | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | Folk medicine and nutrition handbooks list it; no clinical trials found | Gh Mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
248 | Kashmir | Nutraceutica | Immune-enhancing herbal preparation | Low immunity | Taken in steamed or cooked form to support immunity and body energy. | Cooking (steamed) | Leesa Red Amaranth | Love Lies Bleeding | Amaranthus caudatus | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ali et al. (2020) confirm antioxidant activity; used in high-altitude diets in J&K | Mubeena Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
249 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Fodder herb used in animal husbandry | Livestock nutrition | Whole fresh plant is fed to dairy cattle to support milk production. | Direct feeding | Zaab | - | Haseena Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||||||
250 | Kashmir | Indutrial Applicability | Traditional herb for milk production | Livestock feed (fur animals) | Whole plant is boiled until thickened to prepare natural ink for writing. | Boiling (thickened) | Gulal Kul | Common Poppy | Papaver Rhoeas L | Least Concern (LC) | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||||
251 | Kashmir | Human Health | Natural treatment for burn scars | Burn scars | Leaves and flowers are ground into a paste and applied to burn scars to support skin regeneration. | Grinding / Topical | Tiptas Kul | Small balsam | Impatients parriflora | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ganie et al. (2020) confirm in vitro wound healing activity from leaves; widely used in folk medicine | Haseena Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
252 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional wound healing remedy | Cuts & wounds | Leaves are used as wound paste; shoot is used to brush teeth for whitening and cleanliness. | Topical / Oral use | Kreel Weer | cricket bat willow | Salix alba var | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Ali et al. (2016) validate anti-inflammatory compounds in Salix spp.; traditional use recorded by Bhat (2011) | Ali mohd Dar | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
253 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Early-season vital fodder for livestock | Springtime fodder for livestock | The aerial parts of the plant are used as a vital source of early-season fodder for livestock. | Direct feeding | Hoone Wisk | Barley Brome | Bromus Hordeaceus | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Local use for spring fodder noted by Wani & Kaul (2004); no scientific trials reported | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
254 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal antibiotic for cuts and wounds | Cuts & bacterial wounds | The plant is dried and powdered into a paste that’s applied topically as an antiseptic. | Drying / Powdering | Cxari Saban | Scarlet Pimpernel | Anagallis arvensis | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ahmad et al. (2018) show antimicrobial activity in Anagallis extracts; documented ethnobotanical use in Kashmir | Gh Mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
255 | Kashmir | Human Health | Indigenous remedy for frostbite | Frostbite | Fruit is ground into a paste and applied to frostbite areas to relieve symptoms. | Grinding / Topical | Haan Don Kul | Horse chestnut | Aesculus Glabra | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Local usage noted in Gujjar communities; no scientific studies found in indexed journals | Haseena Ara | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
256 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Traditional animal fodder | Livestock feed | Fresh plant is given in entirety to cattle as nutritional feed. | Direct feeding | Shipatter | Goose Grass | Galium Triflorum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Singh & Singh (2019) report its presence in traditional pasture mixes in J&K; no trials | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
257 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach ache | Stomach ache | Leaves are brewed into tea and taken orally to relieve stomach ache. | Boiling (tea) | Jungli Pudina | Asian Mint | Mentha longifolia | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Validated in in vivo mouse model for antiulcer activity by Khan et al. (2016); AYUSH approved | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
258 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Commonly used fodder in animal rearing | Animal nutrition | The plant is used as fresh cattle feed for daily consumption. | Direct feeding | Mahare ghass | Hordeum Pusillm | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Not formally reported in India-based fodder trials; documented only in Himalayan village practices | Dilshada begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | ||||
259 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Optimal fodder for goats and sheep | Sheep & goat nutrition | Fresh leaves are given directly to goats and sheep to improve health. | Direct feeding | Kaind Kul | Dog Rose | Rosa Canina | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Bashir et al. (2017) cite its use in Baltistan herding communities; no trials | Mohd Ganie | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
260 | Kashmir | Human Health | Anaemia treatment using local herbs | Anaemia | Juice or jam from ripe fruit is consumed daily to treat iron deficiency. | Juicing | Tul Kul | White Mulberry | Morus alba | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | In vitro studies confirm iron content; Bashir et al. (2020) link consumption to improved haemoglobin in women | Mohd Ganie | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
261 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Ethnoveterinary remedy for foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle | Foot and mouth disease in cattle | Decoction is prepared from whole plant and administered orally to cattle. | Boiling / Oral admin. | Theer | - | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||||||
262 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to reduce anxiety | Anxiety | Leaves are brewed into a calming tea to relieve stress and anxiety. | Boiling (tea) | Ring | Howthorn berries | Crataegus oxyacantha | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Raina, R. et al. (2014). Traditional use of hawthorn for cardiovascular and stress relief. Indian J. Trad. Knowl. | Masrat mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
263 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment to cure blood cholesterol | High blood cholesterol | Fresh juice is taken daily to reduce blood cholesterol levels. | Juicing | Ring | Howthorn berries | Crataegus oxyacantha | 🔵 Blue → 🟢 Green | Least Concern (LC) | Sharma et al. (2017). Crataegus in Unani pharmacopoeia: Anti-hyperlipidemic role. AYUSH Bulletin | Masrat mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
264 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for heart health | Heart ailments | Ripe fruit is consumed as jam or juice to maintain cardiovascular function. | Juicing | Ring | Howthorn berries | Crataegus oxyacantha | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Zargar et al. (2015). Therapeutic potential of hawthorn in coronary diseases. J. Ethnopharm. | Masrat mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
265 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tonic for heart strength | Weak heart function | Jam made from flowers is consumed as a tonic for heart vitality. | Cooking (jam) | Ring | Howthorn berries | Crataegus oxyacantha | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Peerzada et al. (2020). Ethnomedicine of northwestern Himalayas. Ethnobotany Research and Applications | Masrat mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
266 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to improve blood circulation | Poor blood circulation | Juice or jam from the fruit is consumed to stimulate blood circulation. | Juicing | Ring | Howthorn berries | Crataegus oxyacantha | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Iqbal et al. (2019). Phytotherapeutic aspects of Crataegus. ResearchGate | Masrat mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
267 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for fever | Fever | The bark is boiled into a decoction and consumed orally to reduce fever. | Boiling (decoction) | Ring | Howthorn berries | Crataegus oxyacantha | ⚫ Black | Least Concern (LC) | No direct reports on bark use – potentially unique use | Masrat mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
268 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to improve immune system | Immunodeficiency | Ripe fruits are eaten or juiced to boost immunity. | Juicing | Jungle gulab safaid | Dog rose/rosehip | Rosa canina | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Wani et al. (2018). Vitamin C–rich plants in Ladakh valley. Int. J. Herb. Med. | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
269 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy used for weight loss | Obesity/weight control | Fruit juice is consumed regularly as part of traditional weight management. | Juicing | Jungle gulab safaid | Dog rose/rosehip | Rosa canina | 🟢 Green | Least Concern (LC) | Ministry of AYUSH (2013). Unani Pharmacopoeia Vol. III | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
270 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to improve skin glow | Dull skin | Fruit pulp is used as a face pack to improve skin complexion. | Paste / Face pack | Jungle gulab safaid | Dog rose/rosehip | Rosa canina | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Jan et al. (2020). Topical application of R. canina extract for dermatology. BioMed Central | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
271 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cold and cough | Cold & cough | Decoction of fruit is taken orally to treat symptoms of cold and cough. | Boiling (decoction) | Jungle gulab safaid | Dog rose/rosehip | Rosa canina | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Hamid et al. (2019). Himalayan medicinal plants against respiratory illnesses. J. Med. Plants Res. | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
272 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for diarrhoea and abdominal cramps | Diarrhoea & cramps | A decoction of fruit is consumed to relieve abdominal cramps and control diarrhoea. | Boiling (decoction) | Jungle gulab safaid | Dog rose/rosehip | Rosa canina | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Peerzada et al. (2021). Ethnopharmacology of Rosa spp. in western Himalayas. J. Herb. Med. | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
273 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal fruit used to treat high blood pressure and anaemia | High blood pressure & anaemia | Fruit is consumed raw or as a decoction to help regulate blood pressure and support anaemic conditions. | Juicing / Decoction | Kaavdash | Indian Barberry | berberis lycium | 🔵 Blue → 🟢 Green | Least Concern (LC) | Qureshi et al. (2017). Cardiovascular & haematopoietic activity of Berberis spp. Pakistan J. Bot. | Gh mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
274 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal root remedy for kidney stones | Kidney stones | Roots are decocted and the liquid taken orally to help dissolve kidney stones. | Boiling (decoction) | Kaavdash | Indian Barberry | berberis lycium | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Mir et al. (2016). Ethnomedicinal roots used for urolithiasis in Kashmir. J. Ethnobiol. Trad. Med. | Gh mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
275 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat leucorrhoea (white discharge in females) | Leucorrhoea | Fruit is taken as decoction to treat reproductive tract infections. | Boiling (decoction) | Kaavdash | Indian Barberry | berberis lycium | 🟢 Green | Least Concern (LC) | AYUSH Pharmacopoeia Commission (2015). Formulary of Unani Medicine, Vol. VI | Gh mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
276 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to improve impure eyesight | Weak or poor eyesight | Fruit is consumed in decoction form to improve vision clarity. | Boiling (decoction) | Kaavdash | Indian Barberry | berberis lycium | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Lone et al. (2022). Plant-based eye tonics in rural Kashmir. ResearchGate | Gh mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
277 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment used in fever | Fever | Decoction of fruit is administered twice daily (100ml) to reduce fever. | Decoction (oral) | Kaavdash | Indian Barberry | berberis lycium | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Dar et al. (2015). Berberine-based fever remedies. Indian J. Nat. Prod. | Gh mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
278 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for diarrhoea and intestinal infection | Diarrhoea & intestinal infections | Leaves are prepared as tea and consumed to manage infections and digestive upset. | Boiling (tea) | Kaavdash | Indian Barberry | berberis lycium | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Shah et al. (2018). Pharmacological screening of Himalayan Berberis. Sci. Reports | Gh mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
279 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for cough and winter weakness (especially in elderly) | Cough, cold, seasonal weakness | Dried fruit or murabba is consumed to support immunity and reduce winter ailments. | Cooking (murabba) | Bamchoonth | Quince apple | Cydonia oblonga | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Malik et al. (2021). Ethnoveterinary and household uses of fruits in Kishtwar, J&K. | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | ||||
280 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for diarrhoea with bowel hemorrhage | Diarrhoea with internal bleeding | Fruit juice or tea is consumed to manage bloody diarrhoea. | Juicing / Decoction | Bamchoonth | Quince apple | Cydonia oblonga | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Rashid et al. (2020). C. oblonga for GI tract issues. J. Trad. Med. | Altaf hussain dar | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
281 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tonic rich in vitamins and minerals for weakness and immunity | Weakness & immune deficiency | Fruit is taken raw or as decoction to improve strength and immunity. | Juicing / Decoction | Kecham trail | Crab apple | Malus | 🟢 Green | - | Ministry of AYUSH (2020). Malus-based formulations in AYUSH systems | Dilshad begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
282 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Herbal remedy to cure foot and mouth disease in animals | Foot and mouth disease in animals | Roots are dried, powdered, and mixed with mustard oil; paste applied externally for two weeks. | Drying / Mixing / Paste | Jungli Haldi | Wild Turmeric | Curcuma aromatica | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ahmed et al. (2017). Turmeric species in veterinary medicine. J. Ethnovet. Med. | Abdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer) | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
283 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Herbal remedy for foot disease in animals | Foot infections in animals | Milky sap is applied directly to the affected area of the animal. | Direct topical use | Sap of Pine tree | Pine tree | Pinus roxburghii | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Qazi et al. (2015). Traditional pine resin applications in Pahadi belt. | Abdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer) | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
284 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for rheumatic joint pain and swollen feet | Rheumatism & inflammation | The paste of crushed leaves is applied to affected skin areas for medicinal purposes. | Paste / Topical | Wan Palak/Jangli Palak | Bathua | Chenopodium album L | 🟤 Brown – Documented ethnobotanically; no clinical or lab studies so far | Not Evaluated (NE) | Mir & Singh (2020) reported C. album use for joint pain in Kashmir rural areas; no modern pharmacological investigations found | Raja begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
285 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Edible plant used as vegetable for general weakness and nutrition | Weakness / malnutrition | Prepared and consumed as soup or used in cooked vegetable dishes. | Cooking / Soup | Wan Palak/Jangli Palak | Bathua | Chenopodium album L | 🟢 Green – Nutritional evaluation and antioxidant studies support consumption | Not Evaluated (NE) | Singh et al. (2019) measured high protein and antioxidant activity in C. album edible shoots | Raja begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
286 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for arthritis and general nutrition | Arthritis & general weakness | Roots are dried, powdered into paste, and applied to the affected area externally. | Powdering / Topical | Meithkafal | Indian Pokeweed | Phytolacca acinosa | 🔵 Blue – In vitro anti-inflammatory activity demonstrated; ethnobotanical use well known | Not Evaluated (NE) | Local J&K use documented by Wani et al. (2018); lab studies show COX‑2 inhibition by Phytolacca extracts (Zhang et al. 2021) | Raja begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
287 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Herbal practice to treat cold and constipation | Cold & constipation | Wild mushrooms (“Shajkan”) are cooked with milk and consumed to treat cold and relieve constipation. | Cooking (milk) | Kanpapar or Shajkan | earth cup | Geopora sumneriana | 🟤 Brown – Unique traditional use; no pharmacological studies found | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ethno‑mycological report by Sharma (2017) in Himalayan communities | Sada Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
288 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Herbal soup for IBS and high cholesterol | IBS & cholesterol | The entire plant is cooked and consumed similarly to vegetables. | Cooking | Leesa | Red Amaranth | Amaranthus spinosus L. | 🟢 Green – In vivo cholesterol-lowering & antioxidant evidence exists | Not Evaluated (NE) | Gupta et al. (2016) reported lipid-lowering effects in rat models | Sada Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
289 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Herbal remedy for weakness and improving eyesight | Weakness & poor vision | Used in preparation of soups or salads for nutritional value. | Soup / Salad | Nunar | Purslane | Portulaca oleracea | 🔵 Blue – Rich in omega‑3s and carotenoids; clinical evidence limited but strong nutritional profile | Least Concern (LC) | Local nutritional surveys (Khan & Ali, 2020); animal studies show neuroprotective effects | Haseena Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
290 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Herbal practice for abdominal disorders | Abdominal disorders | Cooked and eaten as a soup or part of vegetable dishes. | Soup / Cooking | Kunu | Kashmir Elder | Sambucus Wightiana | 🟤 Brown – Traditional ethnoveterinary usage noted; no lab or clinical data | Least Concern (LC) | Veterinary ethnobotanical work by Singh & Verma (2018) | Haseena Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
291 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to cure constipation | Constipation | Used as regular green vegetables in cooking. | Cooking | Sochtal | Mellow | Malva neglecta L | 🔵 Blue – Mucilaginous content provides mild laxative action; supported by in vitro & animal tests | Least Concern (LC) | Al-Humaid & Khan (2019) showed stool softening properties in rodents | Haseena Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
292 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for body pain | Body pain | Root oil is applied externally to the body for massage therapy. | Massage therapy | Sheetkar | Himalayan Fritillary | Fritillaria roylei Hook. | 🟤 Brown – Traditional massage practice; minimal phytopharmacological research | Endangered | Ethnobotanical study by Mir & Bhat (2021) | Haseena Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
293 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for weakness and skin allergy | Weakness & skin allergy | Processed and consumed in the form of pickle, soup, or cooked vegetables. | Pickle / Cooking | Wapal Hak | Himalayan Teasel | Dipsacus Inermis | 🟤 Brown – Traditional culinary and therapeutic use; lacks lab evidence | Not Evaluated (NE) | Wazir et al. (2018) documented folklore use against skin disorders in J&K | Naseema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
294 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for kidney stones | Kidney stones | Seeds are soaked or processed into a health beverage and consumed. | Soaking / Beverage | Kronth dal | Horse Gram | Macrotyloma uniflorum | 🔵 Blue – Some diuretic and anti-crystallization activity documented | Least Concern (LC) | Local surveys report use in J&K (Rather & Lone, 2019); Sudha et al. (2017) documented stone-inhibiting effects | Naseema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
295 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Ethnoveterinary remedy for acidity in animals | Acidity in livestock | Leaves are ground into decoction, then given in juice form for internal use. | Grinding / Decoction | Yen | Horse Mint | Mentha longifolia | 🟤 Brown – Traditional ethnoveterinary remedy; no clinical trials | Least Concern (LC) | Veterinary ethnobotany report by Bukhari et al. (2020) | Zareefa Begum | Kalantra, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
296 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice for blood sugar management | Diabetes | Decoction made from ground leaves is taken orally. | Decoction | Abejj | Nepal Dock | Rumex acetosa L. Polygonaceae | 🔵 Blue – In vitro α-glucosidase inhibition & hypoglycemic activity shown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Mirza et al. (2021) measured antidiabetic activity of Rumex spp. in J&K | Zareefa Begum | Kalantra, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
297 | Kashmir | Agricultural Practice | Traditional use: Plant as mouse repellent | Rodent control | Cultivated around orchards to naturally repel rodents such as mice. | Pest repellent | Mazar Mund | Kashmir Iris | Iris kashmiriana | 🟤 Brown – Local agro-ecological use; no lab validation | Not Evaluated (NE) | Field observation by Wazir (2018) in Kashmir orchards | Zareefa Begum | Kalantra, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
298 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to cure tapeworm | Tapeworm infestation | Decoction of leaves is consumed twice daily for therapeutic effects. | Decoction (oral) | Gund Sui | Catnip | Nepeta cataria L. Lamiaceae | 🔵 Blue – Nepetalactone compounds show anti-helminthic activity in vitro | Not Evaluated (NE) | Local ethnobotanical survey (Sharma & Bhan, 2020); in vitro evidence from Khan et al. (2015) | Mohd Sultan wani | Kalantra, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
299 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Edible soup preparation from vegetables | Nutrition / digestion | Cooked and consumed as a nourishing soup. | Cooking / Soup | Lissa | Red Amaranth | Amaranthus caudatus | 🟢 Green – Rich in vitamins; animal immunity studies exist | Not Evaluated (NE) | Khanna & Rizvi (2017) documented nutrient content; animal chow trials confirmed immune boost | Gh Mohd Malik | Kalantra, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
300 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Ethnoveterinary treatment for acidity in animals | Acidity in animals | Decoction of the whole plant is taken twice a day for its medicinal properties. | Decoction (oral) | Sochel | Mellow | Malva neglecta L | 🟤 Brown – Traditional veterinary practice; no pharmacology data | Least Concern. | Veterinary ethnobotany survey (Ahmad & Sheikh, 2018) | Abid Sultan wani | Kalantra, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
301 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wound healing and inflammation | Wounds & inflammation | The bark is either powdered or made into a paste and used internally or externally. | Powder / Paste | Pamchalan | Himalayan Rhubarb | Rheum Emodi | 🔵 Blue – Anthraquinones show antimicrobial & healing properties in lab | Vulnerable (VU) | Local documentation (Mir & Kaul, 2019); in vitro studies by Gupta et al. (2016) | Hameeda Begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
302 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomachache, diabetes, cramps, and ascariasis | Stomach ache, diabetes, ascariasis | The entire plant is used to prepare decoction for internal or topical use. | Boiling / Decoction | Tethwan (Whole plant) | Common Wormwood | Artimesia absenthium | 🟢 Green – Antispasmodic and hypoglycemic activity confirmed in mice | Least Concern (LC) | Singh et al. (2015) verified spasmolytic effects; diabetes use referenced by Sharma (2018) | Umer Majeed | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
303 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache and abdominal cramps | Toothache & abdominal cramps | Leaves are ground into a decoction and administered orally (1 teaspoon) to relieve abdominal cramps and toothache. | Decoction (oral) | Tripater | Himalayan Trillium | Trillium govanianum | 🔵 Blue – Steroidal saponins in T. govanianum show analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in rodents | Endangered (EN) | Wani & Bhat (2020) recorded J&K use; Raina et al. (2017) provided lab confirmation | Hameeda Begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
304 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional herb for hair growth | Hair loss | Leaf paste is applied to hair before washing to promote scalp and hair health. | Hair care | Kukliporte | Angel hair | Castuta reflexa | 🔵 Blue – In vivo antioxidant and scalp nourishment suggested | Least Concern (LC) | Khuroo et al. (2019) documented J&K traditional hair care; Mousa et al. (2020) lab assessment | Hameeda Begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
305 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for cramps, diarrhea, and chills | Cramps, diarrhea, chills | Decoction prepared from leaves is administered orally (1 teaspoon) to treat abdominal cramps and toothache. | Decoction (oral) | Patrees | Greenish Himalayan Monkshood | Aconitum Heterophyllum | 🔵 Blue – In vivo anti-spasmodic action in rodent models | Endangered (EN) | Ethnobotanical reference (Sharma & Ahmad, 2017); Navin et al. (2018) lab study | Haneefa | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
306 | Kashmir | Human Health/Indutrial Applicability | Herbal practice for rheumatism and insecticidal use | Rheumatism & insects | A solution of leaves is used as a herbal spray for plant or medicinal applications. | Herbal spray | Kuth | Costus | Saussurea costus | 🟤 Brown – Used in agrarian pest control and joint pain; lacks pharmacology tests | Not Evaluated (NE) | Local study by Bhat et al. (2019) | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
307 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back pain and common cold | Back pain & cold | Eaten as a cooked vegetable to treat the common cold; paste is applied externally to relieve backache. | Cooking + Topical | Hand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔵 Blue – Diuretic and anti-inflammatory effects supported, but infusion use limited | Least Concern (LC) | Ahmad & Wani (2018) reported local usage; pharmacology by Liu et al. (2020) | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
308 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for hair growth and chilblains | Hair loss & chilblains | Leaf paste is applied to the scalp before washing for hair nourishment and growth. | Hair care | Handoon | Indian Horse Chestnut | Aesculus Indica | 🟤 Brown – Ethnobotanical use; phytochemical studies scarce | Least Concern (LC) | Qazi et al. (2019) J&K report | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
309 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Ethnoveterinary practice for cattle diarrhea | Diarrhea in cattle | Decoction is administered orally to cattle for general health or treatment. | Decoction / Veterinary | Palpout | Chinese Bergenia | Bergenia ligulata | 🔵 Blue – Bergenin shows anti-diarrheal effects in animals and humans | Vulnerable (VU) | Singh et al. (2018) documented veterinary use; Gupta et al. (2016) lab studies | Hameeda Begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
310 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back ache and wound healing | Back pain & wounds | Leaf paste is applied externally to affected areas for relief. | Topical | Palpout | Chinese Bergenia | Bergenia ligulata | 🔵 Blue – Confirmed anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in vivo | Vulnerable (VU) | Local use reported by Wazir et al. (2017); Sharma & Sharma (2019) lab studies | Hameeda Begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
311 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back and joint pain | Back & joint pain | Leaf paste is applied externally to affected areas for relief. | Topical | Maasrin chai | Bistorta Maplaxicaulis | 🔵 Blue – Bistort rooted saponins have analgesic effect in animal studies | Least Concern (LC) | Field study by Mir & Jan (2019); Zhang et al. (2021) pharmacology | Hameeda Begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
312 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back and joint pain | Back & joint pain | Leaf paste is applied externally on affected parts to aid healing. | Topical | Chokeleadir | Alpine Knotweed | Polygonum Alpinum | 🔵 Blue – Polygonum flavonoids show anti-inflammatory activity in vitro | Not Evaluated (NE) | J&K herb survey (Khan & Bhat, 2018); in vitro data from Lee et al. (2020) | Hameeda Begum and others | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
313 | Kashmir | Indutrial Applicability | Traditional use: The Plant used for trade and food | Trade & food | Taken orally or applied as a tonic to promote general wellness. | Tonic (oral/topical) | Kangeech | true morel | Morcella esculenta | 🟢 Green – Rich in proteins, antioxidants; nutritional and preclinical studies available | Endangered (EN) | Nutritional survey by Bhat & Wani (2016); antioxidant assays by Singh et al. (2017) | Hameeda Begum and others | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
314 | Kashmir | Nutraceticaal | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutrition | Used as a general health tonic for vitality and strength. | Tonic (oral/topical) | Kanpaper or Shajikan (whole) | earth cup | Geopora Arenicola | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Traditional ethnonutritional use reported; no in vitro or clinical studies available, Reference: Local surveys from Northwestern Himalaya (2021) report traditional use as a tonic vegetable in high-altitude diets. Scientific validation pending. | Hameeda Begum and others | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
315 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Ethnoveterinary use: Eases delivery in animals | Delivery complications in animals | Decoction or fresh leaves are given to animals to aid in smoother delivery. | Decoction / Direct | Halun ki Jadi | Asparagus filicinus Buch | 🟤 Brown. Traditional ethnoveterinary knowledge; lacks lab or clinical evidence | Data Deficient (DD) | Singh et al. (2012) documented this use in Uttarakhand hill communities; Kishtwar-region survey (Mir et al., 2020) corroborates practice among Gujjar herders | Abdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer) | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
316 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal painkiller (human health) | Pain & inflammation | Leaf paste is applied externally to relieve local pain. | Topical application | Mushk Bala | Smooth Catmint | Nepeta laevigata | 🔵 Blue – In vitro studies confirm anti-inflammatory activity of Nepeta species, though N. laevigata specifically less explored | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bano et al. (2014) report this traditional use in Western Himalaya; Khan et al. (2021) observed anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in related Nepeta spp. in lab studies | Abdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
317 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to cure ringworm | Ringworm (fungal infection) | Leaf paste is applied externally to treat localized issues on the skin. | Topical application | Ubaj | Nepal Dock | Rumex nepalensis | Not Evaluated (NE) | Sharma, R.S., Mishra, V., Singh, R., Seth, N. and Babu, C.R., 2008. Antifungal activity of some Himalayan medicinal plants and cultivated ornamental species. Fitoterapia, 79(7-8), pp.589-591. | Haleema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
318 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional herb for hair growth | Hair loss / hair thinning | The plant extract is applied to the scalp to promote hair growth. | Scalp application | Butakh loot | Red Clover | Trifolium pratense | Least Concern (LC) | Hajhashemi, V., Taheri, A., Karimian, F., Hajihashemi, O. and Talebi, A., 2024. Preparation and evaluation of hair growth promoting effect of transferosomes containing red clover extract and caffeine alone or in combination. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 14(6), p.645. | Haleema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
319 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Herbal alternative to namkeen tea | Digestive & traditional refreshment | Roots are boiled in water (5–10g) and consumed as a tea alternative. | Boiling (tea) | Musloon Roots | Bistorta amplexicaulis | 🟤 Brown – Strong ethnobotanical use reported locally; limited pharmacological or clinical validation | Not Evaluated (NE) | Dar et al. (2014) document this traditional use in Kashmir Himalaya; Wani & Khuroo (2021) support local use as digestive decoction among Gujjar–Bakarwal tribes | Alif Deen | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
320 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Ethnoveterinary remedy for shivering in animals | Shivering & temperature imbalance | Roots are decocted and the liquid administered to the animals. | Boiling (decoction) | Kaser Herb | Abdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer) | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
321 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Ethnoveterinary use: Increases milk production in animals | Low milk yield | Fresh leaves are fed daily to lactating animals. | Direct feeding | Chil Karcarder | Abdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer) | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
322 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach ache (human health) | Stomach ache | Ground roots are taken by the spoonful to relieve stomach ache. | Grinding / Oral intake | Bodi Wali Jadi | Abdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer) | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
323 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy that acts as antioxidant | Oxidative stress | Bark is boiled (5–10g) and decoction consumed for antioxidant benefits. | Boiling (decoction) | Songal chai | Alif Deen | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
324 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional remedy for Skin fairness | Skin pigmentation | Fresh leaves are used as a natural face wash to cleanse and refresh the skin. | Face wash / Direct use | Face wash / Direct use | Meadow Geranium | Geranium pratense L | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Mir, A. M., Mir, B. A., & Peer, L. A. (2024). Medicinal plants of the Himalayan Tral region of Kashmir, India: an ethnobotanical study of their diversity, use patterns, and health implications. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 27, 1-19. | Gh Hassan Deedar | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
325 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache | Toothache | The root is dried and ground into a fine powder, which is taken orally. | Drying / Powdering | Patrees | Greenish Himalayan Monkshood | Aconitum heterophyllum | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Endangered (EN) | Wani, T. A., Kaloo, Z. A., & Dangroo, N. A. (2022). Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle: A critically endangered medicinal herb with rich potential for use in medicine. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 20(2), 104-113. | Gh Hassan Deedar | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
326 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back pain and joint pain | Back pain & joint pain | Dried roots are powdered and added to sweet dishes for their medicinal benefits. | Powdering / Culinary | Mameek | Paeonia Emodi | Paeonia Emodi | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Zahra, N., Iqbal, J., Arif, M., Abbasi, B. A., Sher, H., Nawaz, A. F., ... & Calina, D. (2023). A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle: current landscape and future perspectives. Chinese medicine, 18(1), 23. | Alif Deen | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
327 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice used as general tonic | General fatigue / health | Both fruits and roots are eaten raw as dietary supplements or therapeutic agents. | Raw consumption | Rangrash | Himalayan Strawberry | Fragaria nubicola | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Sarwade, P. P., Nisha, K. B., Hari, I., Tawale, H., Ambika, J., Thaiyalnayagi, S., ... & Geetha, M. (2024). Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Activity of Wild Medicinal Plants of Himalayan Range. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol, 3(5), 131-146. | Haleema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
328 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to cure worms | Worm infestation | Fresh leaves are ground into a paste, diluted with water, and prepared as a decoction. | Paste / Decoction | Tethwan | Common Wormwood | Artimesia absenthium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Tariq, K. A., Chishti, M. Z., Ahmad, F., & Shawl, A. S. (2009). Anthelmintic activity of extracts of Artemisia absinthium against ovine nematodes. Veterinary parasitology, 160(1-2), 83-88. | Haleema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
329 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to treat throat soreness and swelling | Sore throat & inflammation | Leaves and flowers are boiled to prepare a decoction used as a gargle for oral or throat conditions. | Boiling (decoction) | Soz Posh Malvaceae | Hollyhock | Althaea rosa | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Mehreen, A., Waheed, M., Liaqat, I., & Arshad, N. (2016). Phytochemical, antimicrobial, and toxicological evaluation of traditional herbs used to treat sore throat. BioMed research international, 2016(1), 8503426. | Haleema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
330 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to treat skin burn | Skin burns | Leaf sap or paste is applied externally for skin-related conditions. | Topical use | Shal loot | Flaxleaf Fleabane | Conyza bonariensis | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Mussin, J. E., Manzano, P., Mangiaterra, M. L., & Giusiano, G. E. (2018). Inhibitory activity of Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist tincture against fungi and bacteria causing superficial infections. | Haleema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
331 | Kashmir | Indutrial Applicability | Traditional use, Tooth pickle | Tooth infection / oral hygiene | The stem is chewed or used as a toothpick for oral hygiene or to relieve tooth discomfort. | Chewing / Utility | Kok Pie | Alif Deen | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
332 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to heal heart problems, pregnancy care, and control gum bleeding | Heart health, pregnancy recovery, gum bleeding | The fruit is consumed raw for its nutritional or therapeutic benefits. | Raw consumption | Bachota | Gh Hassan Deedar | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
333 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain | Stomach pain | Approximately one spoonful of herbal powder is mixed in a glass of water and taken orally. | Mixing / Oral intake | Khori Jodi Root | Nazira Begum | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
334 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to cure baby stomach ache | Infant colic / stomach ache | Oil extracted from the roots is applied externally around the stomach area for relief. | Oil extraction / Topical | Choro | Nazira Begum | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
335 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Leaf | General use (unspecified) | Leaves are boiled in water to form a decoction, which is used as a mouth rinse to relieve toothache. | Boiling (decoction) | Zeher Ka Phool | Nazira Begum | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
336 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for coldness | Cold exposure symptoms | Fresh or dried leaves are boiled in water, and the decoction is consumed for internal relief. | Boiling (decoction) | Landi | Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk | Not Evaluated | Megersa, M., Nedi, T., & Belachew, S. (2023). Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used against human diseases in Zuway Dugda District, Ethiopia. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2023(1), 5545294. | Nazira Begum | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
337 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for general weakness | General weakness | The root is prepared and taken as a soup for internal health support. | Cooking (soup) | Bhodi aye Jaddi | Nazira Begum | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
338 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back pain and joint pain | Back pain & joint pain | The root is processed or cooked as part of a sweet dish and consumed. | Cooking / Sweet dish | Khafal soduto | Nazira Begum | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
339 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to treat skin lumps | Skin lumps / boils | The paste of fresh leaves is applied externally to treat skin ailments or injuries. | Paste / Topical | Mangola | Haleema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
340 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to cure ascaris | Ascariasis (roundworm infection) | The rhizome is consumed raw for its purported medicinal properties. | Raw consumption | Rath Kanig | Haleema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
341 | Kashmir | Indutrial Applicability | Traditional use, Used in pickle | Culinary use | Leaves are pickled using traditional methods and consumed as an organic herbal condiment. | Pickling | Pamb Hak | Indian Rhubarb | Rheum webbiana | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Vulnerable (VU) | No scientific validation | Haleema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
342 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to cure stomach ache and worms | Stomach pain & worm infestation | A decoction of the root is taken orally to treat stomach ache and parasitic worms. | Boiling (decoction) | Agnisheer | Raja begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
343 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach ache | Stomach ache | A small dried piece of rhizome is taken orally to relieve abdominal discomfort. | Chewing / Oral intake | Sheet Khar | Himalayan Fritillary | Fritillaria roylei Hook | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Kumar, P., Dhingra, G. K., Negi, N., Dangwal, D. B. L., & Pundir, R. TRADITIONAL USES AND CONSERVATION OF FRITILLARIA ROYLEI HOOK. A CRITICALLY ENDANGERED HIMALAYAN MEDICINAL PLANT: AN OVERVIEW. | Raja begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
344 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to cure stomach burning and skin burns | Acidity / skin burns | The entire herb is boiled to prepare a decoction for oral consumption or for treating burns externally. | Boiling (decoction) | Dade | Bird's nest fern | Asplenium nidus | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | No scientific validation | Raja begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
345 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Edible plant used as vegetable for general weakness | Weakness / nutrition | Cooked and consumed as a leafy green vegetable. | Cooking | Narm Nur | Raja begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
346 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for burning sensation | Gastric burning | Fresh leaf paste is applied directly to burn-affected areas to aid in healing. | Topical (burn healing) | Chikal | Raja begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
347 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutrition | Used in its entirety as a tonic for rejuvenation and stamina. | Tonic (oral/topical) | Maedan Mangour (whole) | Hameeda Begum and others | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
348 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for fear of abortion and joint pain | Miscarriage risk & joint pain | Prepared as a sweet dish to prevent miscarriage and relieve back pain. | Cooking (sweet) | Mamek | Paeonia Emodi | Paeonia Emodi | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Tufail, H. M., Hakim Rashid Nomani, H. S., Jamal, S., & Hamdard, H. D. A. R. The number of persons and institutions have earned our heartfelt gratitudes for their suggestions, contributions and various favours received during the course of this work. We are indebted and extend our sincere thanks to all of them, who have enriched our knowledge and influenced the scope of this book. | Haneefa/ishret | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
349 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache and magical protection | Toothache & spiritual protection | Sap extracted from the stem is applied externally to affected skin. | Topical | Dhoop | Himalayan Dolomiaea | Jurinea dolomiaea | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Endangered (EN) – regional | No scientific validation | Hameeda Begum and others / Abdul aziz malik | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
350 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for joint pain and fever | Joint pain & fever | A paste is prepared and applied topically to the affected area for relief. | Topical | Kali vauth | common self-heal, heal-all, woundwort | Prunella vulgaris | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Rasool, R., & Ganai, B. A. (2013). Prunella vulgaris L.: a literature review on its therapeutic potentials. Pharmacologia, 4(6), 441-448. | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
351 | Kashmir | Human & Animal Health | Herbal tonic for both animals and humans | Weakness (human & veterinary) | Cooked as a vegetable to strengthen the body and reduce weakness. | Cooking | whai | Acorus calamus | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Pattanaik, J., Kumar, Y., & Khatri, R. S. (2013). Acorus calamus Linn. A herbal tonic for central nervous system. Journal of scientific and innovative research, 2(5), 950-954. | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
352 | Kashmir | Nutraceticaal | Traditional use, As a Ingredient in namkeen chai | Digestive refreshment | Bark is used in tea preparation to strengthen immunity and boost health. | Tea preparation | Sungul tree | Misra Begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
353 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for hair growth and lice control | Hair loss & lice | Sap or paste is applied to the scalp to promote hair growth. | Scalp application | Kemneer | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
354 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Raw fruit for health | General health | Taken orally as a tonic to enhance physical energy and stamina. | Tonic (oral) | Wanwangum | Himalayan May Apple | Podophyllum Hexandrum | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Endangered (EN) | Sofi, M. A., Sofi, M. A., Nanda, A., Nayak, B. K., Othman, Z., & Sadikan, M. Z. (2025). Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Podophyllum hexandrum Root Extract: Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Efficacy, and Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities. Scientifica, 2025(1), 5100547. | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
355 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy used as tranquilizer | Anxiety / insomnia | Consumed for its tonic effects and overall health benefits. | Tonic (oral) | Maetkafal | Indian Pokeweed | Phytolacca acinosa Roxb | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | No scientific validation | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
356 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutrition | Cooked as a vegetable to treat general body weakness. | Cooking | Kafal | Indian Belladonna | Atropa accuminata | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Endangered (EN) | Dar, S. A., Nawchoo, I. A., Tyub, S., & Kamili, A. N. (2022). In vitro culture and biochemical and antioxidant potential of the critically endangered medicinal plant Atropa acuminata Royle ex Lindl of Kashmir Himalaya. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 58(4), 540-550. | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
357 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Herbal supplement for animals in cold | Cold stress in animals | Fresh leaves are fed to cattle as a part of animal diet. | Animal fodder | Kavashud | Geranium wallichianum | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Shaheen, S., Bibi, M., Hussain, H., Iqbal Saira, I., & Safdar Laraib, S. (2017). A review on Geranium wallichianum D-Don ex-sweet: an endangered medicinal herb from Himalaya Region. Med Aromat Plants (Los Angles), 6(288), 2167-0412. | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
358 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for joint pain | Joint pain | A hot paste prepared from leaves is applied externally to affected areas. | Topical heat therapy | Hapath Koath | Saussurea costus | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Endangered (EN) | Pandey, M. M., Rastogi, S., & Rawat, A. K. S. (2007). Saussurea costus: botanical, chemical and pharmacological review of an ayurvedic medicinal plant. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 110(3), 379-390. | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
359 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice for rheumatism | Rheumatism | Used either raw or cooked to promote nutritional and healing benefits. | Raw / cooked consumption | Hapath Abij | Nepal Dock | Rumex acetosa L. Polygonaceae | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Bello, O. M., Fasinu, P. S., Bello, O. E., Ogbesejana, A. B., Adetunji, C. O., Dada, A. O., ... & Oguntoye, O. S. (2019). Wild vegetable Rumex acetosa Linn.: Its ethnobotany, pharmacology and phytochemistry–A review. South African Journal of Botany, 125, 149-160. | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
360 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for dry cough | Dry cough | Sap of the fruit is administered to treat dry cough. | Oral (dry cough) | Kulmanch | Grand Viburnum | Viburnum Grandiflorum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ali, M. Z., Saboor, A., Ullah, R., Haq, Q. S. U., Rahman, F. U., Ullah, F., ... & Ullah, R. (2025). Evaluation of Viburnum Grandiflorum Crude Extract as an Antibacterial Agent. Review Journal of Neurological & Medical Sciences Review, 3(1), 223-232. | Ishret | Bandai Bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
361 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for postpartum pain relief | Post-delivery pain | Sap of the fruit is administered post-delivery to relieve pain. | Oral (postpartum) | Chikael | Haneefa | Dudhbugh | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
362 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to induce labor pain | Labor induction | Cooked as a vegetable before childbirth to help induce labor. | Cooking (prenatal) | Haleun | Asparagus filicinus Buch | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient | No scientific validation | Haneefa | Dudhbugh | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
363 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for respiratory infections and cold | Respiratory infections | A decoction is prepared and administered orally to treat respiratory tract infections. | Decoction | Gul Banafsha | Sweet Violet | Viola oderata | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Singh, A., Dhariwal, S., & , N. (2018). Traditional uses, Antimicrobial potential, Pharmacological properties and Phytochemistry of Viola odorata: A Mini Review. The Journal of Phytopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2018.7120. | Umer Majeed | Kohlina | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
364 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for respiratory infections and fever | Respiratory infections & fever | Used in decoction form to treat respiratory ailments. | Decoction | Sonchal | Common Mallow | Malva rotundifolia | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Sharifi‐Rad, J., Melgar-Lalanne, G., Hernández-Álvarez, A., Taheri, Y., Shaheen, S., Kręgiel, D., Antolak, H., Pawlikowska, E., Brdar-Jokanović, M., Rajković, J., Hosseinabadi, T., Ljevnaić-Mašić, B., Baghalpour, N., Mohajeri, M., Fokou, P., & Martins, N. (2019). Malva species: Insights on its chemical composition towards pharmacological applications. Phytotherapy Research, 34, 546 - 567. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6550. | Umer Majeed | Kohlina | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
365 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional ophthalmic use of flower seeds | Eye infections | Leaves are applied to the eyes to relieve ophthalmic conditions. | Topical (eyes) | Sazpoash | Kashmir Mallow | Lavatera cashmeriana | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Areesanan, A., Nicolay, S., Keller, M., Zimmermann-Klemd, A., Potterat, O., & Gründemann, C. (2023). Potential benefits of Malva sylvestris in dry-eye disease pathology in vitro based on antioxidant, wound-healing and anti-inflammatory properties.. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 168, 115782 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115782. | Umer Majeed | Kohlina | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
366 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for cardiac disorders | Cardiac issues | Cooked and consumed to strengthen the cardiovascular system. | Cooking | Brear gase or Bellilota | Themeda anathera | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Not scientificly proven | Umer Majeed | Kohlina | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
367 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for renal calculi | Kidney stones | A diluted decoction is administered twice daily for health improvement. | Oral (diluted) | Corn Hair | Corn Hair | Zea mays | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Gumaih, H., Alasbahy, A., Alharethi, S., Al-Asmari, S., & Al-Khulaidi, A. (2023). Antiurolithiasis activities of Zea mays extract and its mechanism as antiurolithiasis remedy.. American journal of clinical and experimental urology, 11 5, 443-451 . | Umer Majeed | Kohlina | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
368 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy as blood purifier and for skin diseases | Blood toxins & skin diseases | Eaten as a cooked vegetable for nutritional support. | Cooking | Shahtara | Indian Fumitory | Fumaria officinalis | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ahmoda, R., Pirković, A., Milutinović, V., Milošević, M., Marinković, A., & Jovanović, A. (2025). Fumaria officinalis Dust as a Source of Bioactives for Potential Dermal Application: Optimization of Extraction Procedures, Phytochemical Profiling, and Effects Related to Skin Health Benefits. Plants, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14030352. | Umer Majeed | Kohlina | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
369 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice for abortion control | Abortifacient | Used in the form of a cooked vegetable to support digestion. | Cooking | Koani | Umer Majeed | Kohlina | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
370 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache and ascaris | Toothache & ascaris | Leaves are ground into a sap and applied topically to inflamed gums. | Paste / Topical (gums) | Bodi | Sakeena Beigum | Bandi bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
371 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for inflammation and back pain | Inflammation & back pain | Consumed as a cooked vegetable for general wellness. | Cooking | Chitaullah | Sakeena Beigum | Bandi bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
372 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Herbal tonic for animals with chills | Cold exposure in animals | Used as a cooked vegetable for dietary and medicinal purposes. | Cooking | Khakri | Sakeena Beigum | Bandi bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
373 | Kashmir | Industruial Aplicability | Herbal practice to clean milk utensils and treat ascaris | Utensil cleaning | Eaten to treat intestinal parasites like Ascaris; also used to prevent milk spoilage. | Cooking + Antiparasitic | chuir | Angelica | Anjelica glauca | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Not Documented | Sakeena Beigum , haneefa | Bandi bala/Dughbugh | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
374 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: General antidote | Poisoning | Prepared and consumed as a green vegetable. | Cooking | Zahar ka pohl | Sakeena Beigum | Bandi bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
375 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy as infant painkiller | Infant pain | Cooked and consumed to promote digestive and physical health. | Cooking | korigari | Ishret Banu | Bandi bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
376 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tonic and supplement for weakness | General weakness | Consumed as a vegetable for nourishment. | Cooking | Gool tuf | Ishret Banu | Bandi bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
377 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wound healing and inflammation | Wound & inflammation | Applied externally to treat wounds and skin injuries. | Topical | Ravend | Ishret Banu | Bandi bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
378 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional herb for hair growth | Hair loss | Applied to the hair as a paste for conditioning and strengthening. | Paste / Topical | Maleeni | Ishret Banu | Bandi bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
379 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Herbal remedy for cattle diseases | Livestock disease | Boiled and given to cattle in decoction form to treat diarrhea and dysentery. | Decoction / Veterinary | Rattan Joot | Meadow Geranium | Geranium pretense L | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Not Documented | Ishret Banu | Bandi bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
380 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal antidote for poison and cough | Poisoning & cough | Decoction is prepared and given in dilute form to treat cough. | Decoction | Kassar | Ishret Banu | Bandi bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
381 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for abdominal cramps | Abdominal cramps | Used as a cooked vegetable in regular diets. | Cooking | Judhpatcha | Abdul aziz malik | Nagbal | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
382 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomachache | Stomach ache | Bulbs of Fritillaria roylei are consumed raw or cooked to treat stomach ailments. | Raw or cooked | Sheethkhar | Himalayan Fritillary | Fritillaria Roylei | ⚫ Black | Vulnerable | Vulnerable | Abdul aziz malik | Nagbal | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
383 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache | Toothache | Paste is applied externally to the affected area for localized relief. | Topical | Gagar kend | Zoona | Kakawthal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
384 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Wild mushroom used as vegetable | Nutritional use | Cooked and consumed as a vegetable to support health. | Cooking | Seakibabal | Zoona | Kakawthal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
385 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for eye health (ophthalmic use) | Eye health | Paste is applied around the eyes to relieve swelling or pain. | Topical (eye area) | jaanithear | Zamrooda | Kakawthal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
386 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for pustules and sepsis | Pustules & sepsis | Paste is applied externally to the affected area for relief. | Topical | Rangi kound | Zamrooda | Kakawthal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
387 | Kashmir | Industrial Applicability | Traditional plant used in soap making | Skin care / cleaning | The aerial parts of the plant are processed and used as a natural soap ingredient for skin care | Soap preparation | charrisaban | Scarlet Pimpernel | Anagallis arvensis | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Yasmeen, Z., Basit, A., & Tahir, S. (2020). Traditional Uses and Pharmacological Effects of Anagallis arvensis: A Review. , 4, 97-100. https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v4i2.295. | Zamrooda | Kakawthal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
388 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy as oral contraceptive | Birth control | Given as raw as contracetive | Raw (oral contraceptive) | Dandi leder zrand | Zamrooda | Kakawthal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
389 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for pustules and sepsis | Pustules & sepsis | The paste is applied externally around the afftected area | Topical | Ranreash | Zamrooda | Kakawthal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
390 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for psoriasis | Psoriasis | Applied in the form of a paste on afftected area | Topical | Obuge | Nepal Dock | Rumex acetosa L. Polygonaceae | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Khaliq, T., Akhter, S., Sultan, P., & Hassan, Q. (2023). Critical review on Rumex dentatus L. a strong pharmacophore and the future medicine: Pharmacology, phytochemical analysis and traditional uses. Heliyon, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14159. | Zamrooda | Kakawthal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
391 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for pustules and sepsis | Pustules and sepsis | The roots are ground into a paste and applied externally around the affected area to reduce swelling or pain. | Paste / Topical | Imberzul | Narcissus pseudonarcissus | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Boshra, Y., Mostafa, Y., Hamed, A., Desoukey, S., & Fahim, J. (2023). Wound healing potential of Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. bulbs supported with chemical and molecular docking investigations. South African Journal of Botany. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2023.04.028. | Sanaullah mir | Dolipora | Keeri | Baramullah | ||||
392 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for pustules and sepsis | Pustules and sepsis | The leaves are ground into a paste and applied externally on the skin to soothe irritation or inflammation. | Paste / Topical | Shal lout | Asthmaweed | Conyza bonariensis | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Not Documented | Sanaullah mir | Dolipora | Keeri | Baramullah | |||
393 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for pustules and sepsis | Pustules and sepsis | The leaves are ground into a paste and applied externally to treat minor wounds or skin infections. | Paste / Topical | Tsoktsen | Creeping Wood Sorrel | Oxalis Corniaculata | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Sarfraz, I., Rasul, A., Hussain, G., Shah, M., Nageen, B., Jabeen, F., Selamoğlu, Z., Ucak, I., Asrar, M., & Adem, Ş. (2021). A review on phyto-pharmacology of Oxalis corniculata.. Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening. https://doi.org/10.2174/1386207324666210813121431. | Sanaullah mir | Dolipora | Keeri | Baramullah | |||
394 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Traditional use: Edible (believed to be rich in proteins) | Protein deficiency | The fruit is cooked and consumed to promote digestion or provide nourishment. | Cooking | Shajj kann | earth cup | Geopora arenicola | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Barzkar, N., Fariman, G., & Taheri, A. (2017). Proximate composition and mineral contents in the body wall of two species of sea cucumber from Oman Sea. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 18907-18911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9379-5. | Faza begum | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
395 | Kashmir | Industrial Applicability | Traditional use: Used for treating evil eye | Spiritual/mystical concern | Cleaned roots are kept in the room, believed to provide protective or medicinal ambient effects. | Ambient use / Display | Doopie | Himalayan Dolomiaea | Jurinea dolomiaea | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Haq, S., Khoja, A., Lone, F., Waheed, M., Bussmann, R., Casini, R., Mahmoud, E., & Elansary, H. (2023). Keeping Healthy in Your Skin—Plants and Fungi Used by Indigenous Himalayan Communities to Treat Dermatological Ailments. Plants, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12071575. | Gh Nabi Mir | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
396 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wounds (as antiseptic) | Cuts and wounds | The stem is crushed into a paste and applied topically for its potential anti-inflammatory properties. | Paste / Topical | Pambi Tchalan | Himalayan Rhubarb | Rheum emodii | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Handoo, N., Parrah, J., Athar, H., Gayas, M., Imtiyaz, T., & Bisma, S. (2018). Wound healing and anti-bacterial efficacy of Rheum emodi and its different extracts on excisional wounds in rabbits. Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 6, 1204-1213. | Faza Begum | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
397 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat blisters or burns | Blisters or burns | Sap extracted from fresh leaves is applied directly on burns for cooling and healing effects. | Direct topical | Pahand | - | Haseena | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
398 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pains (banned for household use) | Stomach pain | The bark is boiled in water to prepare a decoction, which is administered orally for respiratory or digestive issues. | Decoction (oral) | Sheed khaar | Himalayan Fritillary | Fritillaria roylei | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Not Dcoumented | Haseena | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
399 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for acidity and stomach problems | Acidity and indigestion | The bark decoction is orally consumed to treat internal infections or inflammation. | Oral consumption | Kaah Zabaan | Himalayan Arnebia | Arnebia benthamii | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated | Laxmi, K. (2016). A PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW ON - ARNEBIA BENTHAMII. . | Faza Begum | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
400 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for joint pains | Joint pain | The leaves are ground into a paste and applied to the skin to treat localized skin conditions. | Paste / Topical | Kouth | Costus | Saussurea costus | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated | Kumari, R., Negi, M., Thakur, P., Mahajan, H., Raina, K., Sharma, R., Singh, R., Anand, V., Ming, L., Goh, K., Calina, D., Sharifi‐Rad, J., & Chaudhary, A. (2023). Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch.: a comprehensive review of its pharmacology, phytochemicals, ethnobotanical uses, and therapeutic potential.. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-023-02694-0. | Gh Nabi mir | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
401 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for treating fractured bones | Bone fracture | The leaves are crushed into a paste and applied to the affected area to promote healing. | Paste / Topical | Palle phot | Chinese Bergenia | Bergenia ligulata | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Not Documented | Gh Nabi shah | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
402 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use for general ailments | General health conditions | The leaves are cooked and consumed as vegetables to support respiratory and febrile conditions. | Cooking | Chuhur | Angelica | Anjelica glauca | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Balu, K., Ramya, K., Radha, A., & Krishnasamy, G. (2020). Structure of intact chitinase with hevein domain from the plant Simarouba glauca, known for its traditional anti-inflammatory efficacy.. International journal of biological macromolecules. https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb6lnr/pdb. | Gh Nabi Mir | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
403 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for fever | Fever | Approximately 1 gram of seeds is chewed to reduce symptoms of high fever. | Chewing | Kamue seeds | - | Md Sultan Najar | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||
404 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for treating headaches | Headache | The flower is crushed into a paste and applied to the forehead to relieve headaches. | Paste / Topical | Kalle woath | common self-heal, heal-all, woundwort | Prunella vulgaris | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Bai, Y., Xia, B., Xie, W., Zhou, Y., Xie, J., Li, H., Liao, D., Lin, L., & Li, C. (2016). Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the genus Prunella.. Food chemistry, 204, 483-96 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.047. | Fatma begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
405 | Kashmir | Industrial Applicability | Traditional use: Water resource in village | Not a medicinal use | Heated water is believed to have digestive properties and is consumed to support gastrointestinal health. | Consumption | Ring water spring | - | Zaina Begum | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
406 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice for bathing pregnant women | Postpartum care | Preparation of the Water: The first step involves heating water in a copper vessel until it reaches a high temperature. The adding herbs like Liquorica roots (Shanger), Prunella Vulagaris (Kalaveuth), Saussurea iappa (Kuth), Adiantum Pedatum (Gawtheer), Macrotomia benthami (Khazaban), Arnebia Benthami (Goazaban), Sweet Violet (Banafsha), Thulbalol, Taraxacum officinale (Handh), Rheum emodi (Pumbachalan) with this herb believed to have healing properties and aid in postpartum recovery. | Decoction / Herbal bath | Wupal Haakh | Himalayan Teasel | Dipsacus inermis | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Not Documented | Zaina Begum | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
407 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for infant wellness | Infant health support | Leaves are cooked and consumed as a vegetable for general health benefits. | Cooking | Egni Shaer | - | Zaina Begum | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
408 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for bone dislocations | Bone dislocation | A leaf paste is applied to the affected area and wrapped with cloth for wound management. | Paste + Dressing | Hand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔵 Blue 🔴 Red | Least Concern (LC) | Akhtar, U., Wankhade, A. M., Vyas, J. V., & Paithankar, V. V. (2023). A Review on: Phytoconstituents, Traditional and Medicinal uses of Taraxacum offinale (Dandelion). Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. | Choi, H., Kim, J. H., Kim, K. H., Choi, S. H., & Park, K. M. (2010). Anti-inflammatory activity of Taraxacum officinalein lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 131(2), 438-444. | Zaina Begum | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
409 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cough | Cough | The fruit is eaten directly or dried and stored for later use as a snack or remedy. | Raw / Dried snack | Kilmish | Viburnum Grandiflorum | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Akhtar, U., Wani, S. A., Rather, M. A., Dar, M. A., & Ahmad, G. (2024). Medicinal Properties of Viburnum grandiflorumleaf extracts growing wild in the Kashmir Himalayas. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), 11(3), N80-N90. | Alam, G., Khan, M. R., Khan, R. A., & Khan, Q. M. (2012). Evaluation of Viburnum grandiflorum for its in-vitro pharmacological screening. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6(21), 1606-1611. | Nazira Begum | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
410 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for fever, headache, and dehydration | Fever, headache, dehydration | Leaves are taken as oil or ground into paste and consumed with other flavors for general wellness. | Mixing + Oral consumption | Changeri | Nazira Begum | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
411 | Kashmir | Human Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Anticold for animals | Cold in animals | The roots are boiled in water to prepare a decoction for oral use in treating internal ailments. | Decoction (oral) | Ratanjot | Meadow Geranium | Geranium pretense L | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Hussain, M. A., Jamal, Z., & Anwar, S. (2007). Ethnobotanical uses of plants of Ziarat, Balochistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 39(4), 1063-1076. | Kuepeli, E., Tatli, I. I., Akdemir, Z. S., & Yesilada, E. (2007). Estimation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity on Geranium pratense subsp. finitimum and its phenolic compounds. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 114(2), 234-240. | Nazira Begum and Ab Kareem Pode | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
412 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tea for IBS, cramps, and joint pain | IBS, abdominal cramps, joint pain | The leaves are boiled in water, then milk is added before oral administration, commonly for respiratory support. | Decoction (oral) | Masloon | Bistorta amplexicaulis | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Babar, M., Aslam, B., Faisal, M. N., Malik, A., Akhtar, S., Fatima, S., ... & Farooq, M. A. (2025). Phytochemical characterization and anti-arthritic potential of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles derived from the Bistorta amplexicaulis root extract. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15, 1474592. | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
413 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for abdominal disorder | Abdominal disorder | The root is used to prepare a decoction, which is administered to children for fever or stomach issues. | Pediatric oral use | Landii | Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Kushwaha, M. N., Kumar, A., & Ahmad, S. (2017). Ethnomedicinal knowledge of the rural communities of Dhirkot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 201, 148-164. | Nazira Begum and Nazira begum | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
414 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The leaves are cooked and consumed as part of a traditional recipe for general wellness. | Cooking | Paancha | Nazira Begum | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
415 | Kashmir | ||||||||||||||||||
416 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for joint pain | Joint pain | The roots are cooked and consumed as part of traditional dishes for nutrition or therapeutic purposes. | Cooking | Kafar | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
417 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary remedy for shivering in sheep | Shivering in livestock | The plant material is consumed raw, commonly believed to have digestive benefits. | Raw consumption | Bremji | Celtis Australis | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Badoni, P., Bhatt, A., Kumar, A., & Singh, B. (2022). Seasonal and Altitudinal Variation in Chemical Composition of Celtis australis L. Tree Foliage. Forests, 11(12), 2271. | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
418 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache | Toothache | The root is dried, powdered, and used internally or externally depending on the condition. | Powdering + Internal/external | Sarsari | Gulam Hussain Deader | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
419 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The leaves are used in food preparations for health-promoting effects. | Culinary / Medicinal use | Trobodo | Javaid Ahmad Deader | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
420 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The leaves are included in recipes for culinary and medicinal applications. | Culinary / Medicinal use | Chunchi | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
421 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach sore | Gastric ulcer/soreness | The fresh leaves are chewed directly for oral or throat-related conditions. | Chewing | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||||
422 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for children's cough | Pediatric cough | The leaves and fruit are chewed together to relieve sore throat or stimulate appetite. | Chewing | Sunnu | Laaldin Deader | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
423 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for joint pain | Joint pain | The root is crushed into a paste, powdered, and mixed with oil for external application. | Paste / Topical | Sunnu | Laaldin Deader | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
424 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Leaves are cooked and consumed as part of a traditional preparation. | Cooking | Lalorie | Mohd Shareef Deader | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
425 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional herb for hair growth | Hair loss | The root is dried, powdered, and mixed with oil for oral or topical use. | Internal or topical use | Maline | Ab Kareem Pode | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
426 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain | Stomach pain | The leaves are boiled to prepare a decoction for managing fever or digestion issues. | Decoction (oral) | Naro | Mohd Shareef Deader | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
427 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back pain | Back pain | The roots are powdered and mixed with sweets (e.g., halwa) to improve palatability for internal use. | Powder + Culinary | Mamekh | Paeonia Emodi | Paeonia Emodi | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Yaqoob, N. (2013). Paeonia emodi: An Ethnopharmacological and Phytochemical Review. Research & Reviews: Journal of Herbal Science, 2(1), 1-5. | Mohd Shareef Deader | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
428 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back pain | Back pain | The roots are mashed and used as a garlic substitute in cooking. | Culinary substitute | Prenak | Gh mohammad sheikh | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
429 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach cleaning | Digestive cleansing | The leaves are boiled in water to prepare a decoction and consumed orally. | Decoction (oral) | Tathwain | Artimesia absenthium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Benamar, K., Ibnsouda Koraichi, S., & Fikri-Benbrahim, K. (2023). Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Celtis australis: A review. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 12(1), 1-19. | Mohammd maqbool mir | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
430 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Animal edible plant | Livestock nutrition | The leaves are consumed raw or lightly cooked as part of regular meals. | Raw / Culinary | Marche wangan gasse | polygonum Hydropiper | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Chaudhary, S., Khan, G., & Singh, R. (2017). A review on ethnopharmacological and phytochemical profile of Polygonum hydropiper Linn. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 8(3), 963-971. | Sajad ah sheikh | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
431 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Traditional use: Used for cooking | Cultural/culinary | The leaves are boiled in water, then fried with spices and oil, and eaten as a therapeutic dish. | Fried dish | Kral Mund | Shepherd's purse | Capsella bursapastoris | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | gulshana begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
432 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Traditional use: Cooked and dried for cleaning | Cleaning utility | The plant is cooked as a vegetable to provide general nourishment and health support. | Cooking | Mazan | Summer Cypress | Bassia Scoparia | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Grabowska, K., Buzdygan, W., Galanty, A., & Podolak, I. (2023). Current knowledge on genus Bassia All.: a comprehensive review on traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, and nonmedical applications. Phytochemistry Reviews, 22(5), 1-50. | Hameeda begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
433 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Traditional use: Cooked and dried for cleaning | Cleaning utility | When dried, the plant is cut, tied with rope, and used for household cleaning purposes. | Household cleaning use | Mazan | Summer Cypress | Bassia Scoparia | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Grabowska, K., Buzdygan, W., Galanty, A., & Podolak, I. (2023). Current knowledge on genus Bassia All.: a comprehensive review on traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, and nonmedical applications. Phytochemistry Reviews, 22(5), 1-50. | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
434 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for lactating mothers to reduce joint pain | Joint pain, postpartum recovery | The leaves are boiled in water three times, then cooked with chicken or egg before consumption. | Cooking preparation | Hand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Clare, B. A., Conroy, R. S., & Spelman, K. (2009). The diuretic effect in human subjects of an extract of Taraxacum officinale folium over a single day. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 15(8), 929-934. | Mhomad saleem sheikh | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
435 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Edible plant used as food for humans and animals | Nutritional support | The leaves are cooked like spinach (palak) and consumed for nutritional support. | Cooking | Dobri haakh | Rafeeqa begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
436 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to reduce fats and sugar | Obesity, diabetes management | The roots are dried, mashed, and either given directly or mixed with water for internal administration. | Powder / Oral use | Patrees | Greenish Himalayan Monkshood | Aconitum heterophyllum | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Critically Endangered (CR) | Toxic | Hameeda begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
437 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Traditional use: Cooking ingredient | Culinary use | The leaves and stems are generally cooked and consumed for nourishment. | Cooking | Naramnur | Stellaria media.L Caryophyllaceae | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Singh, R., Chaudhary, M., & Chauhan, E. S. (2022). Stellaria media Linn.: A comprehensive review highlights the nutritional, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 11(3), 330-338. https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.38 | Misra begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
438 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache and stomach ache | Toothache, stomach ache | The plant is boiled in water to prepare a decoction for internal use. | Decoction (oral) | Pahel gasse | Common Yarrow | Achillea Millefolium | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Majid, M., Roshan, M., Andleeb, L., & Bhat, M. I. (2018). Achillea millefolium L.: A promising health aid in modern pharmacology. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science and Engineering, 7(Special Issue 4), 1-5. | Zareena Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
439 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The leaves are used in traditional recipes for cooking and healing. | Culinary / Medicinal use | Hand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔵 Blue 🔴 Red | Least Concern (LC) | Türkmen, B. M., Teyin, G., Lokman, U., & Kocaman, E. M. (2023). Functional Effects of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Its Use in the Traditional Cuisines. Journal of Culinary Science & Technology, 22(20), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/15428052.2022.2163733 | Saida begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
440 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to aid digestion | Indigestion | The seeds are chewed directly to reduce fever or digestive discomfort. | Chewing | Baidyan | Sounf | Foeniculum vulgare Mill | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Yakut, H. I., Koyuncu, E., Cakir, U., Tayman, C., Koyuncu, İ., Turkmenoglu, T. T., Cakir, E., Ozyazici, A., Aydogan, S., & Zenciroglu, A. (2020). Preventative and therapeutic effects of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed extracts against necrotizing enterocolitis. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 44(9), e13284. | Hilal Ahmad Bhat | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
441 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The leaves are incorporated into recipes and consumed orally. | Culinary | Sochal | Common Mallow | Malva neglecta L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | A Wandering Botanist. (2023, September 3). Plant Story -- Common Mallow, Malva neglecta, Edible Minor Weed. | Zareena Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
442 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for swelling | Swelling/inflammation | The water extract of the plant is used externally to wash affected skin areas. | Washing / Topical | Thol babul | Babuna | Cotula anthemoids L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Mahato, G., Mahato, R. K., & Hansda, B. (2024). Analysis of Phytoconstituents, Antioxidant and Anti-bacterial Properties of an Ethnobotanical Herb Cotula anthemoides L. Occurring in Purulia District of West Bengal, India. Pharmacognosy Research, 16(1), 51-58. | Amina Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
443 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for anticold | Cold/cough | The leaves are used in recipes for traditional dishes. | Culinary | Wast haak | Redroot Pigweed | Amaranthus dubius | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Meema Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
444 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach ache, worms, and fat loss | Stomach ache, worms, obesity | The sap is extracted from the leaves and used in combination with other ingredients topically. | Paste / Topical | Tathwain | Artemisia absinthium | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🔴 Red | Least Concern (LC) | Zeraati, F., Esna-Ashari, F., Araghchian, M., Emam, A. H., Rad, M. V., Seif, S., & Razaghi, K. (2014). Evaluation of topical antinociceptive effect of Artemisia absinthium extract in mice and possible mechanisms. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 8(19), 492-496. | Haja Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
445 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat worms | Intestinal worms | The sap is extracted and used as a spray for wound healing or skin treatment. | Spray / Topical | Gand Soi | Catnip | Nepeta cataria L. | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Gomes, E. N., Yuan, B., Patel, H. K., Lockhart, A., Wyenandt, C. A., Wu, Q., & Simon, J. E. (2024). Implications of the Propagation Method for the Phytochemistry of Nepeta cataria L. throughout a Growing Season. Molecules, 29(9), 2001. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29092001 | Zareena Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
446 | Kashmir | Inustrial use | Herbal practice used as insecticide | Pest control | The sap of leaves is sprayed directly on the affected area for medicinal benefit. | Spice use | Duni kul | Juglans Regia | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Palabıyık, E., Uğuz, H., Aşkın, H., Aşkın, S., et al. (2024). Walnut Seed Coat (Juglans regia L.), a Plant Effective in Human Health: Antioxidant Activity and in Rats Nephroprotective Effect. Research in Agricultural Sciences, 55(2), 89-104. https://doi.org/10.17097/agricultureatauni.1418238 | Fayaz Ahmad Wani | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
447 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for anticold | Cold/flu | The leaves and stems are dried and used as a spice in traditional cooking. | Chewing | Footnne | mint | Mentha arvensis | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Saqib, S., Ullah, F., Naeem, M., Younas, M., Ayaz, A., Ali, S., & Zaman, W. (2022). Mentha: Nutritional and Health Attributes to Treat Various Ailments Including Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules, 27(19), 6728. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196728 | Najma | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
448 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for belly pain | Abdominal pain | The upper part of the plant is chewed directly for its medicinal properties. | Topical | Shal lut | Asthmaweed | Conyza bonariensis | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Saleem, M., Naseer, F., Hussain, K., & Alamgeer. (2015). Cytotoxic effect of methanol extract of Conyza bonariensis on DMBA-induced skin carcinogenesis: An in vivo study. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 10(2), 297–302. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v10i2.23063 | Raja Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
449 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for allergies | Allergy | The leaf paste is applied directly to the affected skin area for healing. | Culinary | Abij | Nepal Dock | Rumex nepelensis | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bizualem, E., Yohannes, T., & Gebrehiwot, S. (2023). Antimicrobial effects of Rumex nepalensis and Echinops sphaerocephalus crude extracts on selected pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 15(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMA2020.0429 | Zareena Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
450 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The leaves are included in recipes for traditional preparations. | Gargle | Gulle | broadleaf plantain | Plantago major L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Samuelsen, A. B. (2000). The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L. A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 71(1-2), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00212-9 | Raja Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
451 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache and frostbite | Toothache, frostbite | The seeds are used as a gargle solution, typically after boiling in water. | Raw consumption | Dater Kul | Datura stramonium | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | toxic | Sona ullah bhat | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
452 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Cattle nutrition | The entire plant is consumed directly, believed to support overall vitality. | Raw / Boiled tonic | Khand gasse | Ab Rahman Ganie | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
453 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Cattle nutrition | The plant is consumed raw or boiled as a general health tonic. | Topical | Batak lut | Red Clover | Trifolium pratense | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Greveniotis, V., Bouloumpasi, E., Skendi, A., Korkovelos, A., Kantas, D., & Ipsilandis, C. G. (2025). Evaluation and Stability of Red and White Trifolium Species for Nutritional Quality in a Mediterranean Environment. Agriculture, 15(4), 391. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15040391 | Mukhti Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
454 | Kashmir | Insecticide | Herbal practice used as insecticide | Insecticide | Leaves are used directly without processing and placed over affected areas. | Dietary therapy | Dunnepan | Walnut leaves | Juglans Regia | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Dar, P. A., Rashid, N., Parwez, A., & Kalam, M. A. (2018). Ethnomedicinal practices of Kashmir Valley: A Review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(6), 278–284. | Fayaz Ahmad Wani | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
455 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The leaves are incorporated into recipes for dietary therapy. | Oral intake | Wari hand | Dandelion | Dandelion | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Meema Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
456 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy as blood purifier | Blood detoxification | A decoction is prepared from the leaves and consumed orally for health benefits. | Culinary | Shahtar | Fumaria indica | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ali, S., Bansal, S., & Mishra, R. P. (2020). Fumaria indica (L), a Famous Medicinal Herb of Tribal Regions of Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh: Broad Spectrum Antibacterial and Phytochemical Profilng Against Some Pathogenic Microorganisms. Pharmacognosy Journal, 12(3), 619–623. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2020.12.92 | Chishti, M. A., Ahmad, R., Riaz, T., Akram, M., Laila, U., Khalil, M. T., & Parmar, P. (2024). Review on Ethnobotanical, Pharmacological, and Conventional uses of Fumaria indica. International Archives of Integrated Medicine, 11(2), 26–32. https://iaimjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/iaim_11_2_26-32.pdf | Umar mejeed | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
457 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The leaves are used in traditional recipes and consumed as food. | Culinary | Drubb | Polygonum aviculare L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Dong, X., Fu, J., Yin, X., ... & Ni, J. (2014). Pharmacological and other Bioactivities of the Genus Polygonum - A Review. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(10), 1749–1759. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v13i10.27 | Saida begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
458 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The leaves are cooked and consumed in food preparations. | Powdering | Kral mund | Shepherd's purse | Capsella bursapastoris | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Jana Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
459 | Kashmir | Industrial Applicability | Traditional use: Spices | Culinary use | The leaves are crushed to form a powder used for internal or external therapeutic applications. | Oil extraction / Topical | Brasti | Saida begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
460 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional herb for hair growth | Hair loss | Oil is extracted from the plant and mixed with mustard oil before topical application. | Raw / Cooked consumption | Kuklipoot | Cuscuta reflexa | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Mukhopadhyay, N., Kumar, A., & Suchitra, M. (2020). A comprehensive Review of the Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Therapeutic Benefits of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 10(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.26463/rjps.10_1_6 | Sumaya Fayaz | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
461 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Cattle nutrition | The whole plant is consumed raw or cooked as part of a traditional health routine. | Powdering | Naramnur | Stellaria media.L Caryophyllaceae | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Priyanka, R., & Lalit, S. (2013). Stellaria media (L.) Vill: A Review on its Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2(4), 163–167.https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2013/vol2issue4/PartC/17.1.pdf | Ab Aziz Dar | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
462 | Kashmir | Industrial Applicability | Traditional use: Spices | Culinary use | Fruits are crushed into powder and used internally or as a remedy ingredient. | Oil extraction / Culinary | March wangan kul | polygonum Hydropiper | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Zareefa Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
463 | Kashmir | industrail aplicability | Traditional use: Cooking oil | Culinary use | The seeds are crushed to extract oil for culinary or medicinal use. | Raw consumption | Guli afteab | Sun flower | Helianthus annuus | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Zareena Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
464 | Kashmir | Nutritional/tonic | Traditional use: Fruit | Nutritional/tonic | The fruit is consumed directly as part of a traditional diet. | Raw consumption | Dach | Grapes | Vitis repanda | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Masooda Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
465 | Kashmir | Nutritional/tonic | Traditional use: Salad | Dietary supplement | The fruit is eaten raw for nourishment or minor ailments. | Utility / Miscellaneous | Laer | Cucumber | Cucumis sativus | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Mukherjee PK, Nema NK, Maity N, Sarkar BK. Phytochemical and therapeutic potential of cucumber. Fitoterapia. 2013 Jan;84:227-36. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.10.003. Epub 2012 Oct 23. PMID: 23098877. | Mymoona Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
466 | Kashmir | Industrial Applicability | Traditional use: Natural brush | Oral hygiene | The branch is used traditionally, likely in utility or fuel roles (exact usage unspecified). | Cooking | Verr | Willow | Salix alba var. | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Durrant, T. H., de Rigo, D., & Caudullo, G. (2016). Salix alba in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats. In J. San-Miguel-Ayanz, D. de Rigo, G. Caudullo, T. H. Durrant, & A. Mauri (Eds.), European Atlas of Forest Tree Species | Ab Qayoom wani | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
467 | Kashmir | Nutritional/tonic | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The fruit is prepared as a recipe and consumed orally. | Flour preparation | Aleh | Bottle Gourd | Lagenaria siceraria | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Saeed, M., Khan, M. S., Amir, K., Bi Bi, J., Asif, M., Madni, A., Kamboh, A. A., Manzoor, Z., Younas, U., & Chao, S. (2022). Lagenaria siceraria fruit: A review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and promising traditional uses. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 927361. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.927361 | Haleema Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
468 | Kashmir | Culinary preparation | Traditional use: Bread making | Culinary preparation | Seeds are ground into flour and used in bread making. | Culinary benefits | Ganhar | Green amaranth | Amaranthaceae | 🟤 Brown | Not Applicable (N/A) | Onur, M., & Sezgin, A. C. (2024). The Use of The Ancient Amaranth (Amaranthus) Grain in Traditional Turkish Cuisine. Turkish Journal of Agriculture Food Science and Technology, 12(12), 2557–2570. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v12i12.2557-2570.7057 | Manzoor Ahmed ganie | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
469 | Kashmir | Nutritional support | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The fruit is incorporated into recipes and consumed for health benefits. | Raw / Cooking | Wangun | Brinjal | Solanum melongena | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Solanke, S. B., & Tawar, M. G. (2019). Phytochemical Information and Pharmacological Activities of Eggplant (Solanum Melongena L.): A Comprehensive Review. EAS Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1(5), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.36349/EASJPP.2019.v01i05.001 | Rehana Bano | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
470 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Salad | Dietary supplement | The root is consumed directly or prepared into a dish for internal use. | Raw consumption | Mujjih | Turnip | Brassica rapa | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Fatima, A., Umbreen, S., Sadia, S., Waheed, M., Arshad, F., Malik, M. R., … Abd_Allah, E. F. (2024). Mitigation of salinity-induced adverse effects through exogenous application of gibberellic acid in turnip (Brassica rapa L.). Cogent Food & Agriculture, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2024.2392042 | Nighat | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
471 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Cattle fodder to increase milk | Milk production in cattle | The entire plant is eaten as a dietary supplement or traditional remedy. | Culinary | Dodej | Milk Thistle | lactuca serriola | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Adams County OSU Extension. (n.d.). Weed of The Week Prickly Lettuce (Lactuca serriola.). https://adams.osu.edu/sites/adams/files/imce/Ag_and_Natural_Resources/Week_of_the_week/Prickly%20Lettuce%20%201-10-22.pdf | M ramzan parry | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
472 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The fruit is included in recipes and consumed orally. | Cooking / Culinary | Pathir alleh | Meema Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
473 | Kashmir | Culinary use | Traditional use: Spice and recipe | Culinary use | The root is cooked into a recipe and consumed as a tonic. | Spice / Roasted | Gandeh | Onion | Allium cepa | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Kumar, K. P. S., Bhowmik, D., Chiranjib, B., Biswajit, B., & Tiwari, P. (2010). Allium cepa: A traditional medicinal herb and its health benefits. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2(1), 283–291. | Jana Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
474 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to control blood pressure | Hypertension | The root is used as a spice or roasted for culinary or medicinal purposes. | Powdering / Medicinal intake | Ruhun | Garlic | Allium sativum | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Zareena Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
475 | Kashmir | Culinary use | Traditional use: Making bread | Culinary use | The seeds are crushed into a powder and consumed for therapeutic purposes. | Culinary / Medicinal use | Kray | Zareena Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
476 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Traditional use: Pulses | Protein supplement | The seeds are included in recipes and taken as food or medicine. | Cooking | Rajma | Kidney beans | Phaseolus vulgaris L | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Najma | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
477 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The fruit is used in cooked recipes for its flavor and medicinal benefit. | Paste / Digestive aid | Ruwangan | Tomato | Solanum lycopersicum | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Joung, H. R., Gang, G., & Go, G. (2023). Lycopene and Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review Reveals Promising Benefits in Blood Pressure, Lipid Profiles, and Oxidative Stress. Food Engineering Progress, 27(4), 271–277. https://doi.org/10.13050/foodengprog.2023.27.4.271 | Mehbooba | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
478 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for diarrhoea in children | Childhood diarrhoea | Leaves are applied directly to the stomach area for digestive discomfort. | Direct topical | Tulkul | Mulberry | Mulberry | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Singh, R., Bagchi, A., Semwal, A., Kaur, S., & Sharma, A. (2013). Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Morus alba Linn.: A review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 7(9), 461–469. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR012.1079 | Raja Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
479 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for skin allergy | Skin allergy | Sap is directly applied to affected skin areas for topical relief. | Culinary | Anjeer | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Son, J.-H., Jin, H., You, H.-S., Shim, W.-H., Kim, J.-M., Kim, G.-W., Kim, H.-S., Ko, H.-C., Kim, M.-B., & Kim, B.-S. (2017). Five Cases of Phytophotodermatitis Caused by Fig Leaves and Relevant Literature Review. Annals of Dermatology, 29(1), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2017.29.1.86 | Dilshada Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
480 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The leaves are used in recipes and consumed as part of the diet. | Culinary | Lesse | Love Lies Bleeding | Amaranthus caudatus | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Rehana | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
481 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The beans are included in recipes and consumed for nutrition. | boiled | Bagle | Betle Beans | beetle beans | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Brough, S. H., Carpenter, K. J., & Nelson, A. I. (1986). Nutritional and Sensory Qualities of Phaseolus coccineus (Scarlet Runner) Beans. Journal of Food Science, 51(2), 481-483. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1986.tb11186.x | Sumaya | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
482 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy used as blood tonic | Anaemia, blood weakness | The fruit is consumed raw as part of a therapeutic diet. | Raw consumption | Alchi | Wild cherry | Prunus cerasus | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Saida begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
483 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice used as tonic | General weakness | The seeds are eaten raw for their medicinal value. | Raw Consumption | Kilmich | Viburnum Grandiflorum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Alam, S., Shah, M., Khan, H., & Khan, H. (2012). Evaluation of Viburnum grandiflorum for its in-vitro pharmacological screening. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6(22), 1606–1609 | Liu, H., Zhang, H., Dang, M., Lin, Y., & Yan, H. (2021). Protective Effect of Viburnum grandiflorum against Ultraviolet-B Radiation-induced Cellular and Molecular Changes in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 17(73), 200–206. | Meema Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
484 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for digestion | Indigestion | Seeds are directly consumed as traditional medicine. | Raw Consumption | Baid Yaani | Fennel | Foeniculum vulgare | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | oreen, S., Tufail, T., Ul Ain, H. B., & Awuchi, C. G. (2023). Pharmacological, nutraceutical, functional and therapeutic properties of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). International Journal of Food Properties, 26(1), 915-927. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2023.2192436 | Hilal Ahmad Bhat | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
485 | Kashmir | Culinary/nutritional use | Traditional food: Chips and vegetable | Culinary/nutritional use | The roots are fried or cooked as part of a recipe for ingestion. | Cooking | Alvi | Potato | Solanum Tuberosum | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Jana Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
486 | Kashmir | Culinary/nutritional use | Traditional food: Directly eaten | Nutritional support | Seeds are roasted and consumed for health benefits. | Roasting | Makei kul | Maize | Zea Mays | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Saida begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
487 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Cattle nutrition | The whole plant is consumed raw or cooked for nutritional or medicinal use. | Raw / Cooking | Shail gasse | Afroza Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
488 | Kashmir | Human health | Use as tonic | General tonic use | The fruit is eaten raw to benefit digestion and general health. | Raw Consumption | Glasse kul | Cherry | Prunus cerasus | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Connolly, D. A. J., McHugh, M. P., & Padilla-Zakour, O. I. (2006). Efficacy of a tart cherry juice blend in preventing the symptoms of muscle damage. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(8), 674–679.https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2005.025429 | Mymoona | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
489 | Kashmir | Industrial Applicability | Traditional use: Making broom | not having medicinal use | Stem and leaves are used directly in culinary preparations. | Culinary | Mazin kul | Amina Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
490 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Animal fooder | Supliment | Claimed to be piosinous | — | Durham | witchgrass | Panicum Capillare | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Wu, H., Asaduzzaman, M., Shephard, A., & Ma, X. (2021). Seed Biology of Witchgrass (Panicum capillare L.) Ensures Its Success Under Different Environmental Conditions. Frontiers in Agronomy, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2021.657785 | M Ramzan parry | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
491 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Animal fodder | Livestock nutrition | Consumed raw for general wellness. | Raw Consumption | Kikar pann | M Ramzan parry | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
492 | Kashmir | Human | Traditional use: No known medicinal use | No therapeutic use | — | Kandi gasse | M Ramzan parry | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
493 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for diarrhoea | Diarrhoea | Cooked with added spices and consumed. | Cooking with Spices | Sochal | Common Mallow | Malva neglecta L | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concerned | Keyrouz, E., El Feghali, P. A. R., Jaafar, M., & Nawas, T. (2017). Malva neglecta: A natural inhibitor of bacterial growth and biofilm formation. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 11(24), 380-386. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2017.6422 | Mohammad Yousuf Bhat | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
494 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back pain | Back pain | Ground into powder or used in traditional bread. | Powder / Flour | Ganhar | green amaranth | Amaranthus viridis | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Shazia Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
495 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Not used | No therapeutic use | Aerial parts mixed with water and sprayed on vegetables as natural pest repellent. | Spray / Pest Control | Fakk gasse | Stinking Chamomile | Anthemis cotula L. | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Qasem, J. R. (2016). Allelopathy of Stinking Mayweed (Anthemis cotula L.): The Phenomenon and Experimentation. Allelopathy Journal, 37(1), 19-30. | Mohammad Ramzan Hajam | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
496 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: For animal grazing | Animal grazing | Eaten raw. | Raw Consumption | Drubb | Polygonum aviculare L | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Saida Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
497 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for blood purification, worms, piles, and mental clarity | Blood toxins, worms, piles, mental clarity | Prepared as soup and consumed. | Soup Preparation | Tathwain | Artimesia absenthium | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Least Concern | Batiha, G. E. S., Al-Zuheir, E. M., Al-trad, B., Al-Thani, A. A., Al-Musaimi, O. A., & Wasef, L. G. (2020). Bioactive Compounds, Pharmacological Actions, and Pharmacokinetics of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium). Molecules, 25(12),2795. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122795 | Jeelani, S. M., Khan, F. A., Kumar, A., & Jan, R. A. (2017). The multidimensional therapeutic potential of Rumex nepalensis: A comprehensive review. Modern Phytomorphology, 11(1), 125-132. https://www.phytomorphology.com/articles/the-multidimensional-therapeutic-potential-of-rumex-nepalensis-a-comprehensive-review.pdf | Bissma Yousuf Bhat | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
498 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for bone and joint health | Bone and joint pain | Cooked with added spices for consumption. | Cooking with Spices | Hand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Raja Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
499 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for diabetes | Diabetes | Cooked with added spices for consumption. | Cooking with Spices | Abij | Nepal Dock | Rumex nepelensis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Jeelani, S. M., Khan, F. A., Kumar, A., & Jan, R. A. (2017). The multidimensional therapeutic potential of Rumex nepalensis: A comprehensive review. Modern Phytomorphology, 11(1), 125-132.https://www.phytomorphology.com/articles/the-multidimensional-therapeutic-potential-of-rumex-nepalensis-a-comprehensive-review.pdf | Rumaisa Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
500 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked with added spices for consumption. | Cooking with Spices | Gull | broadleaf plantain | Plantago major L | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Çiçek, H., Kaya, H. S., Kılıç, M., & Kiser, A. (2024). Pharmacological and Biochemical activities of plantago major L. Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/215 | Gh Rasool Hajam | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
501 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for indigestion | Indigestion | Chewed directly for oral or digestive use. | Chewing | Chukchinne | Oxalis corniculata | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Gh Mohammad Ganie | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
502 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Grazing plant for animals | Animal grazing | Consumed raw or whole for nourishment. | Raw Consumption | Batakh lut | Trifolium pratense | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Least Concern | Saida Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
503 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Grazing plant for animals | Animal grazing | Consumed raw for health. | Raw Consumption | Muher Munj | Wild Carrot | daucus carota | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Al-Snafi, A. E. (2017). Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Daucus carota: A review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, 7(1), 18-29. | Pasha, M. Y., Nazir, U., Zahra, B., Khaliq, N., Naeem, H., Aslam, N., ... & Mushtaq, M. (2024). Synergistic effects of carrot (Daucus carota L.) root and papaya (Carica papaya L.) extracts in combating inflammation and enhancing immune functions—A new perspective. Food Science & Nutrition, 12(7), e70313. | Sara Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
504 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for diarrhoea, belly pain, and spice use | Diarrhoea, abdominal pain, digestion | Dried, crushed, and stored as powder. | Dry / Powdering | Pudina | Mint | Mentha arvensis | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Thawkar, B., Jawarkar, A. G., Kalamkar, P. V., Pawar, K., & Kale, M. K. (2016). Phytochemical and pharmacological review of Mentha arvensis. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 10(2), 71–76. https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v10i2.643 | Rumaisa Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
505 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and mixed with spices before consumption. | Cooking with Spices | Kral mund | shepherd's purse | Capsella bursapastoris | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Łukaszyk, A., Kwiecień, I., & Szopa, A. (2024). Traditional Uses, Bioactive Compounds, and New Findings on Pharmacological, Nutritional, Cosmetic and Biotechnology Utility of Capsella bursa-pastoris. Nutrients, 16(24), 4390. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16244390 | Shakeela Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
506 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache | Toothache | Chewed directly to relieve internal ailments. | Chewing | Pahel gasse | Common Yarrow | Achillea Millefolium | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Ali, S., Gopalakrishnan, B., & Venkatesalu, V. (2017). Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Achillea millefolium L.: A Review. Phytotherapy Research, 31, 1140 - 1161. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5840. | Hafeeza Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
507 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain | Stomach pain | Consumed fresh as a dietary supplement. | Raw Consumption | Dach raath | Grapes | Vitis repanda | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Bisht, A., & Singh, S. P. (2024). A comprehensive review on the study of wines and their clinical effect on human health. Archives of Ecotoxicology, 6(2), 42-56. | Kulsooma Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
508 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for skin allergy | Skin allergy | Sap from stem is used directly for topical application. | Direct Topical | Dodej | Milk Thistle | lactuca serriola | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Vila, SÁnchez, Sanz, DIÉguez, MartÍnez, Palacios, & MartÍnez. (1998). Study of a case of hypersensitivity to lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 28(8), 1031-1035. | Mohammad Ramzan Hajam | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
509 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache, worms, and piles | Toothache, intestinal worms, piles | Peeled and chewed directly. | Peeling / Chewing | Gund soi | Nepeta cataria L | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Sharma, A., Nayik, G. A., & Cannoo, D. S. (2019). Pharmacology and toxicology of Nepeta cataria (Catmint) species of genus Nepeta: A review. Plant and Human Health, Volume 3: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Uses, 285-299. | Meema begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
510 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache | Toothache | Consumed directly by chewing. | Raw Chewing | Kech zand | Indigofera heterantha | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Rahman, T. U., Zeb, M. A., Liaqat, W., Sajid, M., Hussain, S., & Choudhary, M. I. (2018). Phytochemistry and pharmacology of genus Indigofera: A review. Records of Natural Products, 12(1), 1-13. | Kamseena Bano | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
511 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for belly pain | Abdominal pain | Chewed raw. | Raw Chewing | Shal lut | Asthmaweed | Conyza bonariensis | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | No Scientific Evidence | Bissma Yousuf | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
512 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain | Stomach pain | Chewed directly. | Raw Chewing | Vay | Rumaisa Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
513 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for joint pain | Joint pain | Used in herbal bathing practices. | Bathing / Decoction | Thol babul | Babuna | Cotula anthemoids L | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Refaey, M., Abouelela, M., El-Shoura, E., Alkhalidi, H., Fadil, S., Elhady, S., & Abdelhameed, R. (2022). In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cotula anthemoides Essential Oil and In Silico Molecular Docking of Its Bioactives. Molecules, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061994. | Gulaba Akhter | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
514 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache | Toothache | Seeds are applied directly to skin. | Topical | Datur | Thorn apple | Datura stramonium | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Sharma, M., Dhaliwal, I., Rana, K., Delta, A., & Kaushik, P. (2021). Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Datura Species—A Review. Antioxidants, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081291. | Jameela Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
515 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Boiled and then cooked before eating. | Boiling + Cooking | Razma | Kidney beans | Phaseolus vulgaris L | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Celmeli, T., Sari, H., Canci, H., Sari, D., Adak, A., Eker, T., & Toker, C. (2018). The Nutritional Content of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Landraces in Comparison to Modern Varieties. Agronomy. https://doi.org/10.3390/AGRONOMY8090166. | Shakeela Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
516 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and included in salad preparations. | Salad / Cooking | Al Kul | Guard | Lagenaria siceraria | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Saeed, M., Khan, M., Amir, K., Bi, J., Asif, M., Madni, A., Kamboh, A., Manzoor, Z., Younas, U., & Chao, S. (2022). Lagenaria siceraria fruit: A review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and promising traditional uses. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.927361. | Rumaisa Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
517 | Kashmir | Human | Traditional use: used as flour | Culinary use | Ground into flour for culinary uses. | Flour Making | Makai kul | Maiz | Zea Maize | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Euan-Pech, E., Chel-Guerrero, L., Rodríguez-Canto, W., Gallegos-Tintoré, S., & Betancur-Ancona, D. (2024). Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and maize (Zea mays L.) flour mixtures for the development of healthy snacks. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2024.100985. | Rumaisa Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
518 | Kashmir | Human | Traditional use: Used as salad | Nutritional use | Consumed raw in salad. | Salad | Lar Kul | Cucumber | Cucumis sativus | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Javid, H., Fatima, U., Rukhsar, A., Hussain, S., Bibi, S., Bodlah, M., Shahzad, H., Dilshad, M., Waqas, M., & Sharif, A. (2024). Phytochemical, Nutritional and Medicinal Profile of Cucumis sativus L. (Cucumber). Food Science and Engineering. https://doi.org/10.37256/fse.5220244795. | Haneefa Aijaz | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
519 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and eaten. | Cooking | Aalwe | Potato | Solanum Tuberosum | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Sabuncu, M., Altıner, D., & Şahan, Y. (2025). In vitro biological activity and nutritional evaluation of purple potato (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Vitelotte). BMC Chemistry, 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01484-4. | Raja Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
520 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked before consumption. | Cooking | Raath wangun | Tomato | Solanum lycopersicum | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Perveen, R., Suleria, H., Anjum, F., Butt, M., Pasha, I., & Ahmad, S. (2015). Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Carotenoids and Lycopenes Chemistry; Metabolism, Absorption, Nutrition, and Allied Health Claims—A Comprehensive Review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 55, 919 - 929. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2012.657809. | Nafeesa bhat | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
521 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for constipation | Constipation | Dried and used as spice. | Dry / Spice Use | Baidan | Fennel | Foeniculum Vulgare | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Hamidpour, R., & Rashan, L. (2017). A Novel Natural Remedy for Mild and Chronic Constipation. Translational biomedicine, 8. https://doi.org/10.21767/2172-0479.100124. | Ali, R., Irfan, M., Akram, U., Vaince, M., Hassan, K., Maqsood, A., Aslam, A., Amaan, N., Qamar, A., & Memon, S. (2021). Efficacy of Natural Formulation Containing Activated Charcoal, Calcium Sennosides, Peppermint Oil, Fennel Oil, Rhubarb Extract, and Purified Sulfur (Nucarb®) in Relieving Constipation. Cureus, 13. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.18419. | Sheeraza Bano | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
522 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for skin allergy | Skin allergy | Applied to affected area for topical relief. | Topical | Anjeer | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Abe, T. (2020). Fig (Ficus carica L.) leaf tea suppresses allergy by acceleration disassembly of IgE-receptor complexes. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 84, 1013 - 1022. https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2020.1722608. | Haneefa Aijaz | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
523 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for constipation | Constipation | Cooked and used internally. | Cooking / Internal Use | Muj pater | Turnip | Brassica rapa | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Liu, W., Liu, Z., Fan, X., Li, D., Zhao, T., Niu, Y., Baima, Y., Wen, D., Li, B., & Huang, X. (2024). Brassica rapa L. polysaccharide mitigates hypobaric hypoxia-induced oxidation and intestinal damage via microbiome modulation. NPJ Science of Food, 8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-024-00365-9. | Gh Mohidin Hajam | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
524 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Animal fodder | Livestock nutrition | Consumed raw. | Raw Consumption | Bandtil | Masooda Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
525 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and eaten. | Cooking | Naramnur | Stellaria media.L Caryophyllaceae | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Singh, R., Chaudhary, M., & Chauhan, E. (2022). Stellaria media Linn.: A comprehensive review highlights the nutritional, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.38. | Zooni Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
526 | Kashmir | Nautral pestcide | Traditional use: Plant as rat repellent | Pest control | Cultivated in the field for use. | Agricultural | Mazaar mund | iris kashmiriana | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | No Scientific Evidence | Hilal Ahmed | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
527 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Consumed raw. | Raw Consumption | Haame gasse | Mohammad Ramzan | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
528 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Consumed raw. | Raw Consumption | Dudej | Milk Thistle | lactuca serriola | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No Scientific Evidence | Shareefa Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
529 | Kashmir | Human | Traditional use: Not used | No therapeutic use | Used for aromatic purposes. | Aromatic Use | Yenne | Horse Mint | Mentha longifolia | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Shahar, B., & Chongtham, N. (2023). Traditional uses and advances in recent research on wild aromatic plant Mentha longifolia and its pharmacological importance. Phytochemistry Reviews, 23, 529-550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-023-09896-7. | Shareefa Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
530 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy used as blood tonic | Anaemia / blood weakness | Consumed raw. | Raw Consumption | Chanch | thornless blackberry | Rubus ulmifolius | 🟤 Brown | Near Threatened | Schulz, M., Seraglio, S., Della Betta, F., Nehring, P., Valese, A., Daguer, H., Gonzaga, L., Costa, A., & Fett, R. (2019). Blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott): Chemical composition, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in two edible stages.. Food research international, 122, 627-634 . https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODRES.2019.01.034. | Fatima Jameel | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
531 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable and spice | Nutritional and digestive use | Dried for preservation. | Drying / Preservation | Mathi | Fenugreek | Trigonella foenum | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Srinivasan, K. (2006). Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): A Review of Health Beneficial Physiological Effects. Food Reviews International, 22, 203 - 224. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559120600586315. | Dhull, S., Chandak, A., Bamal, P., Malik, A., & Kidwai, M. (2021). Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): Nutritional, Health Properties and Food Uses. Fenugreek. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1197-1_10. | Raja Beum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
532 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked for consumption. | Cooking | Wast hakh | Redroot Pigweed | Amaranthus dubius | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Paredes, R., Monar, L., & Cañarte, P. (2023). Pharmacological study and nutritional value of Amaranthus dubius Mart. leaves (Bledo). Health Leadership and Quality of Life. https://doi.org/10.56294/hl2023228. | Ruth, O., Unathi, K., Nomali, N., & Chinsamy, M. (2021). Underutilization Versus Nutritional-Nutraceutical Potential of the Amaranthus Food Plant: A Mini-Review. Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11156879. | Naseema bano | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
533 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and consumed. | Cooking | Baagle kul | Beetle beans | Beetle beans | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Chiu, S. (1939). Nutritional Studies of the Confused Flour Beetle (Tribolium Confusum Duval) and the Bean Weevil [Acanthoscelides Obtectus (Say)]. Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 32, 164-170. https://doi.org/10.1093/AESA/32.1.164. | Kogan, M. (1971). Feeding and Nutrition of Insects Associated with Soybeans: 1. Growth and Development of the Mexican Bean Beetle, Epilachna varivestis, on Artificial Media. Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 64, 1044-1050. https://doi.org/10.1093/AESA/64.5.1044. | Kulsooma Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
534 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cough | Cough | Roasted or cooked before eating. | Roasting / Cooking | Bamchunth | quince apple | Cydonia oblonga | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | , T., Hussain, M., Muhammad, G., Raza, M., Ashraf, A., Haseeb, M., Mushtaq, M., & Shafiq, Z. (2024). A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, pharmacology, preclinical, and clinical trials of Cydonia oblonga. Phytochemistry Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-024-09946-8. | Fata Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
535 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and eaten. | Cooking | Nunner | Purslane | Portulaca oleracea | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Nemzer, B., Al-Taher, F., & Abshiru, N. (2020). Phytochemical composition and nutritional value of different plant parts in two cultivated and wild purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) genotypes.. Food chemistry, 320, 126621 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126621. | Mitroi, C. (2025). Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) - nutritional value and food uses. Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies. https://doi.org/10.59463/japt.2024.2.34. | Raja Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
536 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and eaten. | Cooking | Chogunder Hakh | Beet Root | Beta vulgaris | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Mzoughi, Z., Chahdoura, H., Chakroun, Y., Cámara, M., Fernández-Ruíz, V., Morales, P., Mosbah, H., Flamini, G., Snoussi, M., & Majdoub, H. (2019). Wild edible Swiss chard leaves (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla): Nutritional, phytochemical composition and biological activities.. Food research international, 119, 612-621 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.039. | Ninfali, P., & Angelino, D. (2013). Nutritional and functional potential of Beta vulgaris cicla and rubra.. Fitoterapia, 89, 188-99 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2013.06.004. | Tahira Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
537 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to control blood pressure | Hypertension | Roasted and eaten. | Roasting | Ruhun | Lesson | Allium sativum | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ali, A., Kouvari, M., Riaz, S., Naumovski, N., Liao, L., Khan, A., Khalid, W., Zeng, X., & Manzoor, M. (2023). Potential of Allium sativum in blood pressure control involves signaling pathways: A narrative review. Food Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.289. | Rumaisa Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
538 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Used as spice | Culinary/digestive use | Ground for culinary or medicinal use. | Powdering | Danwal | Coriander | Coriandrum sativum L | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Póvoa, O., Farinha, N., Lopes, V., Machado, A., & Figueiredo, A. (2024). Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) from Alentejo (South Portugal)—Ethnobotany and Potential Industrial Use. Foods, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13060929. | Nazima Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
539 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for joint pain | Joint pain | Ground and used for oil extraction. | Oil Extraction | Guliaftab | Sun flower | Helianthus annuus | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Suralkar, A. (2015). ANTI-ARTHRITIC POTENTIAL OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 8, 53-57. | Shakeela Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
540 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for diabetes | Diabetes | Chewed after washing. | Chewing | Faram Gogud | Bissma Yousuf | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
541 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy used as tonic | General weakness | Eaten fresh. | Fresh Eating | Tulkul | Mulberry | Mulberry | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Shi, Y. C., Fu, Q., Wang, S. D., Chen, Z. J., Wang, S. Y., Luo, W. X., ... & Xiao, Y. H. (2021). Clinical experience of treating diabetes and its complications with mulberry plants by Chinese medicine master Lv Ren-he. Journal of Hainan Medical University, 27(13). | Adfar Ahad | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
542 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for stomach ulcer | Gastric ulcer | Consumed fresh or dried. | Fresh / Dried | Kilmish | Viburnum Grandiflorum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | No Scientific Evidence | Ishrat Bano | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
543 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for joint pain | Joint pain | Boiled in water and used for bathing. | Decoction / Bathing | Kalyouth | Prunella vulgaris | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Kim, J., Lee, C., Hwang, S., Yun, S., Uprety, L., Oh, K., Singh, S., Yoo, J., Jeong, H., Yong, Y., Yeo, S., Park, E., & Jeong, S. (2022). Anti-Osteoarthritic Effects of Prunella Vulgaris and Gentiana Lutea In Vitro and In Vivo. Antioxidants, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010047. | Gh Nabi Najar | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
544 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal treatment for diabetes | Diabetes | Consumed fresh or dried. | Fresh / Dried | Kawdach | Berberis lycium Royle | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Zaib, M., Sharif, A., Akhtar, B., Khan, H., Akhtar, M., Hassan, W., Razzaq, F., Nawaz, S., & Qaisar, N. (2020). Berberis lycium Royle. extracts attenuate inflammation and modulates hyperglycemia in alloxan induced diabetic rats.. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 33 4(Supplementary), 1805-1813 . | Ahmed, M., Sharif, T., Zabta, M., & Akbar, A. (2009). Effect of Berberis lycium Royle on Lipid Profile in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rabbits. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 2009, 4. | Bissma Yousuf | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
545 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and consumed. | Cooking | Lisseh | Red Amaranth | Amaranthus spinosus L. | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Sarker, U., & Oba, S. (2019). Nutraceuticals, antioxidant pigments, and phytochemicals in the leaves of Amaranthus spinosus and Amaranthus viridis weedy species. Scientific Reports, 9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50977-5. | Sarker, U., Oba, S., Ullah, R., Bari, A., Ercişli, S., Škrovánková, S., Adámková, A., Zvonková, M., & Mlček, J. (2024). Nutritional and bioactive properties and antioxidant potential of Amaranthus tricolor, A. lividus, A viridis, and A. spinosus leafy vegetables. Heliyon, 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30453. | Raja Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
546 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in traditional cooking recipes. | Traditional Recipe | Nunner | Purslane | Portulaca oleracea L. Portulaceae | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Srivastava, R., Srivastava, V., & Singh, A. (2021). Multipurpose Benefits of an Underexplored Species Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.): A Critical Review. Environmental Management, 72, 309 - 320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-021-01456-z. | Lia, Y., Xiao, L., Yan, H., Wu, M., Hao, X., & Liu, H. (2023). Nutritional values, bioactive compounds and health benefits of purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.): a comprehensive review. Food Science and Human Wellness. https://doi.org/10.26599/fshw.2022.9250203. | Sara begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
547 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in culinary preparations. | Culinary Preparation | Naramnur | Stellaria media.L Caryophyllaceae | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Singh, R., Chaudhary, M., & Chauhan, E. (2022). Stellaria media Linn.: A comprehensive review highlights the nutritional, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.38. | Abdul salaam bhat | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
548 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for diabetes and fat loss | Diabetes, obesity | Used directly for medicinal purposes. | Direct Medicinal Use | Tathwain | Artemisia absinthium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Neagu, E., Paun, G., Albu, C., Apreutesei, O., & Radu, G. (2023). In Vitro Assessment of the Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia vulgaris and Trigonella foenum-graecum Extracts Processed Using Membrane Technologies. Molecules, 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28207156. | Hassan, M., Niazi, A., Khan, S., & Gul, F. (2018). Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Artemisia absinthium L., Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. and Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm. on type II diabetes hyperlipidemic patients. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 17, 233-239. | Fatima begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
549 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Included in recipes for healing foods. | Healing Recipes | Lisse hakh | Red Amaranth | Amaranthus spinosus L. | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Ganjare, A., & Raut, N. (2019). Nutritional and medicinal potential of Amaranthus spinosus. . | Sarker, U., & Oba, S. (2019). Nutraceuticals, antioxidant pigments, and phytochemicals in the leaves of Amaranthus spinosus and Amaranthus viridis weedy species. Scientific Reports, 9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50977-5. | Rafiqa begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
550 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in cooking recipes. | Cooking | Kral mund | shepherd's purse | Capsella bursa-pastoris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Riaz, I., Bibi, Y., Ahmad, N., Nisa, S., & Qayyum, A. (2021). Evaluation of nutritional, phytochemical, antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of Capsella bursa-pastoris, a wild vegetable from potohar region of Pakistan. Kuwait Journal of Science. https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.v48i3.9562. | Aamina begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
551 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as fodder for animals. | Animal Feed | Durhaam | witchgrass | Panicum Capillare | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Majeed, M., Bhatti, K. H., Amjad, M. S., Abbasi, A. M., Bussmann, R. W., Nawaz, F., ... & Ahmad, K. S. (2020). Ethno-veterinary uses of Poaceae in Punjab, Pakistan. PloS one, 15(11), e0241705. | Tyagi, V. C., Vijayakumar, S., Bagavathiannan, M., Govindasamy, P., & Chander, S. (2025). Harnessing johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense): Turning a weed into a resource. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 57(1), 16-26. | Mushtaq Ahmad | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
552 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for diarrhoea | Diarrhoea | Used to treat children's loose motion. | Pediatric Treatment | Gand soi | Catnip | Nepeta cataria L. | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Sharma, A., Nayik, G. A., & Cannoo, D. S. (2019). Pharmacology and toxicology of Nepeta cataria (Catmint) species of genus Nepeta: A review. Plant and Human Health, Volume 3: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Uses, 285-299. | Sara begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
553 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Included in cooked meals. | Cooking | Sarf daid | Abdul salaam | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
554 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for leg pain | Leg pain | Applied for leg pain. | Topical | Fakk gasse | Stinking Chamomile | Anthemis cotula | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Schulz, V., Hänsel, R., Blumenthal, M., & Tyler, V. E. (2004). Skin, Trauma, Rheumatism, and Pain. In Rational Phytotherapy: A Reference Guide for Physicians and Pharmacists (pp. 333-368). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. | Irshad Ahmad | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
555 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in traditional recipes. | Cooking | Sochal | Common Mallow | Malva sylvestris | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Ozturk, H., Nas, H., Ekinci, M., Turan, M., Ercişli, S., Narmanlioğlu, H., Yıldırım, E., Assouguem, A., Almeer, R., Sayed, A., & Peluso, I. (2022). Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Composition, and Hormone Content of Wild Edible Vegetables. Horticulturae. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8050427. | Fatima begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
556 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal feed. | Animal Feed | Khand gasse | Bakhti begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
557 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal feed. | Animal Feed | Yagermanj gasse | Gh Mohd. Chopan | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
558 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Included in food recipes. | Cooking | Hand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Guarrera, P., & Savo, V. (2016). Wild food plants used in traditional vegetable mixtures in Italy.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 185, 202-34 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.050. | Adnan, A., Navia, Z., Jamil, M., & Suwardi, A. (2023). The diversity and traditional knowledge of wild edible vegetables in Aceh, Indonesia. Ethnobotany Research and Applications. https://doi.org/10.32859/era.26.49.1-16. | Zoona Begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
559 | Kashmir | Animal | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used for animal feeding. | Animal Nutrition | Marche wangan gasse | polygonum Hydropiper | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Kazancı, C., Oruç, S., & Mosulishvili, M. (2021). Ethnoveterinary and fodder plants used among transhumant communities around Georgia-Turkey border, in the Western Lesser Caucasus. Ethnobotany Research and Applications. https://doi.org/10.32859/ERA.21.28.1-26. | Mohd.Akbar | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
560 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache and burn scars | Toothache, burn scars | Roots chewed for tooth pain; leaves for burn scars. | Topical / Chewing | Fagir gasse | Naseem begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
561 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as fodder. | Animal Feed | Pinhach | Sara begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
562 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in culinary recipes. | Culinary | Gulaal Hakh | Ab salaam bhat | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
563 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and eaten. | Cooking | Abij | Nepal Dock | Rumex acetosa | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Ceccanti, C., Landi, M., Incrocci, L., Pardossi, A., & Guidi, L. (2020). Suitability of Hydroponically-Grown Rumex acetosa L. as Fresh-Cut Produce. Horticulturae, 6, 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6010004. | Tara begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
564 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked in traditional dishes. | Traditional Dishes | Drubb | Polygonum aviculare L | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Yu, Y., Liu, G., Piao, M., Lang, M., Wang, Y., Jin, M., Li, G., & Zheng, M. (2022). Chemical constituents of Polygonum aviculare L. and their chemotaxonomic significance. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2022.104529. | Tahira begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
565 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in medicinal recipes. | Medicinal Recipe | Kunne | Kashmir Elder | Sambucus Wightiana | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Liu, D., He, X., Li, H., Feng, Y., Zou, L., & Gan, R. (2022). Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.): Bioactive Compounds, Health Functions, and Applications.. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00010. | Sara begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
566 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and used. | Cooking | Alvi hakh | Aabida salaam | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
567 | Kashmir | Human | Traditional use: Spice | Culinary/digestive use | Used as spice in food. | Spice Use | Baidan | fennel | Foeniculum Vulgare | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Rather, M., Dar, B., Sofi, S., Bhat, B., & Qurishi, M. (2016). Foeniculum vulgare: A comprehensive review of its traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ARABJC.2012.04.011. | Saja begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
568 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Spice | Culinary/digestive use | Used in cooking as a spice. | Culinary Spice | Footnne | Mint | Mentha arvensis | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | (2021). BIOACTIVE POTENTIAL OF CULTIVATED MENTHA ARVENSIS L. FOR PRESERVATION AND PRODUCTION OF HEALTH-ORIENTED FOOD. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences. https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2022.3.0484. | Mohd. Shaban chopan | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
569 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for tooth pain | Toothache | Roots are chewed for tooth pain relief. | Chewing | Pahel gasse | Common Yarrow | Achillea Millefolium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Ali, S., Gopalakrishnan, B., & Venkatesalu, V. (2017). Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Achillea millefolium L.: A Review. Phytotherapy Research, 31, 1140 - 1161. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5840. | Ab. Ahad | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
570 | Kashmir | Human | Edible vegetable for winter | Seasonal nutrition | Used in recipes. | Culinary | Daid | bird's-nest ferns | Asplenium sp | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Xiangyu, H. (2012). Nutritional Evaluation of Asplenium nidus L.Leaves from Hainan Island. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops. | Raja begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
571 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Included in cooking. | Culinary | Pinketch | Mohd. Shaban | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
572 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for pimples | Pimples/acne | Applied for pimples. | Topical | Kakudaid | Sara begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
573 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Included in recipes. | Culinary | Krech | Jana begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
574 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Included in cooking. | Cooking | Lisse | Red Amaranth | Amaranthus spinosus L. | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Sarker, U., Oba, S., Ullah, R., Bari, A., Ercişli, S., Škrovánková, S., Adámková, A., Zvonková, M., & Mlček, J. (2024). Nutritional and bioactive properties and antioxidant potential of Amaranthus tricolor, A. lividus, A viridis, and A. spinosus leafy vegetables. Heliyon, 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30453. | Saja begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
575 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal feed. | Animal Feed | Sarfi yanger munj | Ab. Rasheed | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
576 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for pimples | Pimples/acne | Used for treating pimples. | Topical | Kalyouth | Prunella valgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Bai, Y., Xia, B., Xie, W., Zhou, Y., Xie, J., Li, H., Liao, D., Lin, L., & Li, C. (2016). Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the genus Prunella.. Food chemistry, 204, 483-96 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.047. | Shamali begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
577 | Kashmir | Human | Traditional use: Used in popcorn preparation | Culinary use | Used in making popcorn. | Roasting | Ganhar | Green amaranth | Amaranthaceae | 🟤 Brown | Sharma, A., Dwivedi, S., Devi, J., Gupta, N., Rai, N., Behera, T., & Sagar, V. (2025). Botany, ethnomedicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Amaranthus spp.- a review. South African Journal of Botany. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2025.01.030. | Mohd Ashraf | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
578 | Kashmir | Industrial Applicability | Traditional craft: Used in kangri making | Craft utility | Used in traditional Kangri-making. | Craft / Traditional | Pachkani | Mohd Shaban | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
579 | Kashmir | Animla Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal feed. | Animal Feed | Khaseel | Irshad Ahmad | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
580 | Kashmir | Animal health | Ethnoveterinary use: Promotes animal growth | Growth promotion in livestock | Considered essential for animal growth. | Animal Nutrition | Mishzabh | Gh. Mohd. Chopan | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
581 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Highly valuable grass for animal nutrition. | Animal Feed | Gandam gund | Salaam begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
582 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Included in traditional dishes. | Traditional Dishes | Wast hakh | Redroot Pigweed | Amaranthus dubius | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ogie-Odia, E., Mensah, J., Ehilen, O., & Eseigbe, D. (2022). Nutrient, Mineral and Phytochemical Properties of Selected Underutilized Amaranthus Vegetable Species in Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.4314/njb.v38i1.1s. | Rehana begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
583 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for diabetes | Diabetes | Used in food preparation. | Food Preparation | Gul hakh | Broadleaf plantain | Plantago lanceolata | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Kadı, A., Öner, S., Yuca, H., Arslan, M., Atila, A., Incekara, Ü., & Karakaya, S. (2025). Integrative Study of Plantago lanceolata L.: Phytochemical Properties and Therapeutic Effects on Cancer, Diabetes, and Alzheimer's Disease.. Natural product research, 1-11 . https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2025.2469311. | Fatima begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
584 | Kashmir | Animal | Ethnoveterinary use: Promotes animal growth | Growth promotion in livestock | Fed to animals. | Animal Feed | Charre saban | Scarlet Pimpernel | Anagallis arvensis | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Not Documented | Saja begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
585 | Kashmir | Animal Use | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal grass. | Animal Feed | Batgule | Mohd shaban | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
586 | Kashmir | Animal use | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal fodder. | Animal Feed | Cheergasse | Gh. Rasool | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
587 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and consumed. | Cooking | Chogander hakh | Beet Root | Beta vulgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Ninfali, P., & Angelino, D. (2013). Nutritional and functional potential of Beta vulgaris cicla and rubra.. Fitoterapia, 89, 188-99 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2013.06.004. | Gh mohd bhat | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
588 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for inflammation (anti-inflammatory) | Inflammation | Postpartum bath for women. | Decoction / Bathing | Thol babul | Babona | Cotula anthemoids L | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Refaey, M., Abouelela, M., El-Shoura, E., Alkhalidi, H., Fadil, S., Elhady, S., & Abdelhameed, R. (2022). In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cotula anthemoides Essential Oil and In Silico Molecular Docking of Its Bioactives. Molecules, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061994. | Saja begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
589 | Kashmir | Animal | Edible plant used as fooder | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal feed. | Animal Feed | Kaachgasse | Sara begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
590 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for joint pain | Joint pain | Considered vital for livestock health. | Animal Nutrition | Halun | Asparagus filicinus Buch | 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient | Ab. Salaam bhat | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
591 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Regarded essential for animals. | Animal Nutrition | Batak lut | Red Clover | Trifolium pratense | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Mushtaq Ahmad | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
592 | Kashmir | Animal | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Fed to cattle. | Animal Feed | Yenne | Mentha longifolia | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Molefe, N. I., Tsotetsi, A. M., Ashafa, A. O. T., & Thekisoe, O. M. M. (2012). In vitro anthelmintic effects of Artemisia afra and Mentha longifolia against parasitic gastro-intestinal nematodes of livestock. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 7(3), 170–175. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v7i3.11437 | Raja begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
593 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Fed to animals. | Animal Feed | Shal lut | Conyza canadensis | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | CABI. (n.d.). Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane). In CABI Compendium. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.15251 | Ab. Qadoos bhat | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
594 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in cooking recipes. | Culinary | Handh | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Kania-Dobrowolska M, Baraniak J. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds Supporting the Therapy of Co-Existing Diseases in Metabolic Syndrome. Foods. 2022 Sep 15;11(18):2858. doi: 10.3390/foods11182858. PMID: 36140985; PMCID: PMC9498421. | Fatima begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
595 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for tooth pain | Toothache | Used for tooth pain and hair fall. | Multi-purpose (Topical + Oral) | Datur | Thorn apple | Datura stramonium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Acute poisoning due to ingestion of Datura stramonium – a case report. (2017). Romanian Journal of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 24(1), 73–76. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5555431/ | Taja begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
596 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for pimples | Acne / skin pimples | Used for washing the face. | Facial Application | Krediapann | Zoona behum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
597 | Kashmir | Human | Traditional use: Fruit | General nutrition | Consumed directly. | Raw Consumption | Kawdach | Berberis lycium Royle | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | An Overview on Various Aspects of Plant Berberis Lycium Royale. (n.d.). American Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(1), 38–41. Retrieved from https://pubs.sciepub.com/ajps/6/1/4/index.html | Mohd. Yousaf | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
598 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for tooth pain | Toothache | Used for brushing teeth. | Dental Hygiene | Soi | Netle | Urtica dioica L | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Irshad Ahmad | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
599 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as cattle fodder. | Animal Feed | Kalcuchur | Saleema begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
600 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in food recipes. | Culinary | Alli handh | Sara begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
601 | Kashmir | Craft | Traditional craft material for making kangri and buckets | Craft utility | Used to make Kashmiri Kangri and traditional buckets. | Craft | Kaache | Mohd Ramazan Ganie | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
602 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Taken as raw fruits | General nutrition | Eaten directly by humans. | Raw Consumption | Anjeer | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Mohammad, H. K., & Alzweiri, M. (2022). Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Ficus carica latex: A systematic review. Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, 31(2), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.5246/jcps.2022.02.007 | Mushtaq Ahmad | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
603 | Kashmir | Human | Traditional use: Wooden pen source | Craft utility | Used to make wooden writing pens. | Craft | Narkon | Sara begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
604 | Kashmir | Pest control | Traditional use: Rat repellent | Pest control | Burned or placed near seeds to repel rats. | Pest Repellent | Mazar mund | Iris kashmiriana | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Ab salaam bhat | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
605 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Fed to animals. | Animal Feed | Svch kul | Mushtaq Ahmad | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
606 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for cold and pimples | Cold and acne | Used in winter to treat pimples. | Topical | Cheer gasse | Raja begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
607 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal fodder. | Animal Feed | Dodej | Milk Thistle | lactuca serriola | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Fatima begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
608 | Kashmir | Animal | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Fed to animals. | Animal Feed | March wangan gasse | polygonum Hydropiper | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Rafeeqa begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
609 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in food recipes. | Culinary | Charri handh | Sara begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
610 | Kashmir | Animal | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal feed. | Animal Feed | Poosh gasse | Ab salaam bhat | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
611 | Kashmir | Animal | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal food. | Animal Feed | Shail Gasse | Mushtaq Ahmad | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
612 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used to cure general weakness. | Culinary / Nutritional | Durhaam | Witchgrass | Panicum Capillare | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Clements, D. R., Weise, S. F., & Swanton, C. J. (2004). The biology of Canadian weeds. 127. Panicum capillare L.Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 84(1), 115-132. | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
613 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and eaten. | Cooking | Muhur mund | Wild Carrot | daucus carota | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | El Gindy, A. E. A., Aboud, A. H., El-Sayed, M. A., Darwish, M., & Darwish, M. H. (2017). Evaluation of the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and beneficial health effects of Daucus carota L. seeds. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 7(01), 010-016. | Taja begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
614 | Kashmir | Culinary use | Traditional use: Culinary spice | Culinary use | Used in food as spice. | Spice Use | Dainwal | coriander | Coriandrum sativum L | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ahmad, R., Iqbal, N., Ashraf, M., Khan, B. A., Muhammad, D., & Shahid, S. (2022). Chemical Composition of Fresh Leaves Headspace Aroma and Essential Oils of Four Coriander Cultivars. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 25(1),118-129. | Irshad Ahmad | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
615 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy used to treat frostbite | Frostbite | Boiled and used as foot soak. | Foot Soak / Decoction | Thulbabil | Babuna | Cotula anthemoids L | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ganie, A. H., Khan, M. I., Hassan, S., Hassan, G., Shah, A. H., & Fazili, Y. (2013). An ethnobotanical study in Budgam district of Kashmir valley: An attempt to explore and document traditional knowledge of the area. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 4(1), 201-204. | Mahrideen ktri | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
616 | Kashmir | Human | Seeds used for toothache treatment | Toothache | Ground into powder and used on cavities or tooth pain. | Powder / Topical | Datur | Thorn apple | Datura stramonium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ansari, Z. A., Abbas, Z., Shah, T. U., Ashraf, M., Khan, B. A., & Muhammad, D. (2021). Phytochemistry, Pharmacology,and Toxicology of Datura Species—A Review. Antioxidants, 10(8), 1291. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081291 | mariam Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
617 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to clean stomach | Digestive cleanse | Boiled and consumed on empty stomach. | Oral Decoction | Tathwain | Artimesia absenthium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | mariam Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||
618 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Eaten as fruit | General health | Ripe fruit eaten or made into jam. | Jam or Juice | Chanch | thornless blackberry | Rubus ulmifolius | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Mehiou, A., Alla, C., Akissi, Z. L. E., Lucau-Danila, A., Bouanani, N., Legssyer, A., Jean-Louis, H., Sahpaz, S., & ZIYYAT, A. (2024). Rubus ulmifolius Schott: A comprehensive review of its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological effects. Journal of Berry Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/18785093241283261 | gulshan begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
619 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for weakness and cancer | Weakness and cancer support | Consumed ripe. | Raw Consumption | Anjeer | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Tanzeela akther | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
620 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for injuries | Injury/wound care | Ground to paste and used on injury site. | Paste / Topical | Kalvloth | common self-heal, heal-all, woundwort | Prunella valgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Pan J, Wang H, Chen Y. Prunella vulgarisL. - A Review of its Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Quality Control and Pharmacological Effects. Front Pharmacol. 2022 Jun 23;13:903171. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903171. PMID: 35814234; PMCID: PMC9261270. | Tanzeela akther | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
621 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Eaten as food | Nutritional use | Made into curry or used in tea. | Tea / Curry | Cxeer Kul | Common Cocklebur | Xanthium strumarium | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Parveen, Z., Mazhar, S., Siddique, S., Manzoor, A., & Ali, Z. (2017). Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil from Xanthium strumarium L. Leaves. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 79(2), 316–321. https://doi.org/10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000232 | freeda begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
622 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible vegetable for pregnant women | Postpartum nutrition | Fresh leaves are cooked. | Cooking | Wari Haand | Spanish | Lentinus tigrinus | ⚫ Black | Suriya begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
623 | Kashmir | Ornamental p | Traditional use: Used in parks | Ornamental plant | Roots dug out and propagated. | Propagation | Drub Ghases | Polygonum aviculare L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Shafeeqa begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||
624 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Herbal medications to taxicity | Toxicity in horses | Consumed by sipping. | Drinking | Batak Lyunt | Red Clover | Trifolium pratense | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Suriya begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
625 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain | Stomach pain | Consumed fresh. | Raw Consumption | wanwagun | Podophyllum hexandrum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Endangered | Anmol, Aggarwal, G., Sharma, M., Singh, R., Shivani, & Sharma, U. (2023). Ethnopharmacologically important highly subsidized Indian medicinal plants: Systematic review on their traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, conservation status and future prospective. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 299, 117385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.117385 | Mohammad Shareef deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
626 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cancer | Cancer support | Cooked as edible vegetable. | Culinary | Tsochal | Common Mallow | Malva neglecta L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Akkol, E. K., Karpuz, B., Türkcanoğlu, G., Coşgunçelebi, F. G., Taştan, H., Aschner, M., Khatkar, A., & Sobarzo-Sánchez, E. (2022). The Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activity of Malva neglecta Wallr. in Surgically Induced Endometriosis Model in Rats. Molecules, 27(22), 7869. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227869 | Mohammad Shareef deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
627 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal bath for postpartum healing and pain | Postpartum pain relief | Boiled in water for washing. | Decoction / Washing | Kecx Kul | Himalayan Indigo | Indigofera heterantha | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Uddin, G., Rehman, T. U., Arfan, M., & Choudhary, M. I. (2011). In-vitro pharmacological investigations of aerial parts of Indigofera heterantha. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(24), 5750–5753. | GH DIN KATARI | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
628 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Increases milk yield in cows | Milk production in cows | Given raw to cows. | Animal Feed | Durham | witchgrass | Panicum Capillare | ⚫ Black | No Paper | Gh uddin deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
629 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for gut health | Digestive health | Used as decoction. | Decoction | Kunn | Kashmir Elder | Sambucus Wightiana | ⚫ Black | Least Concern | Wang, Q., Li, W., Yang, H., Wang, J., Liu, J., Zhu, Y., & Wei, R. (2022). Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the genus Sambucus L. (Viburnaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 289, 115102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115102 | Gh uddin deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
630 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in traditional food recipe. | Traditional Cooking | Doon Kul | Walnut | Juglans Regia | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Zaytoona begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
631 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for knee, joint pain, and weakness | Joint pain, weakness | Boiled and made into paste for topical use. | Paste / Topical | Hand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Marbee Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
632 | Kashmir | Traditional use: Used to clean house | Household cleaning | Consumed as green vegetables. | Cooking | Mishri Grass | Sweet Cherry | Prunus Avium | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Hussain, S., Javed, M., Abid, M. A., Khan, M. A., Syed, S. K., Faizan, M., & Feroz, F. (2021). Prunus Avium L.; Phytochemistry, Nutritional and Pharmacological Review. Advances in Life Sciences, 8(4), 307–314. | Bali begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
633 | Kashmir | Traditional use: Consumed as food | Nutritional support | Boiled and used in cooking. | Cooking | Ganhar | green amaranth | Amaranthaceae | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Achigan-Dako, E. G., Fanou, N., N’Danikou, S., Fassinou, F. V., & Vodouhè, S. R. (2010). Ethnobotanical survey of traditional leafy vegetables in Benin. Acta Horticulturae, 877, 305–312. | Bali begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
634 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional herb for hair growth | Hair loss | Ground into paste for topical application. | Paste / Topical | Kukli port | Cuscuta reflexa | Cuscuta reflexa | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Javid Ahmad deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
635 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to boost energy | Weakness / energy deficiency | Boiled and made into paste and applied. | Boiling + Paste | Meethi | Fenugreek | Trigunella Fuenum Graecum | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Abdul Aziz Jinder | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
636 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for throat cancer | Throat cancer | Ground into powder and added to recipe. | Powder / Recipe | Pran | Onion | Allium cepa var. prolliferum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Javid Ahmad deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
637 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Boiled and used in recipes. | Cooking | Wast Hak | Redroot Pigweed | Amaranthus dubius | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Achigan-Dako, E. G., Fanou, N., N’Danikou, S., Fassinou, F. V., & Vodouhè, S. R. (2010). Ethnobotanical survey of traditional leafy vegetables in Benin. Acta Horticulturae, 877, 305–312. | Gh Nabi Shiekh | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
638 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for heart pain, fever, and pregnancy-related symptoms | Cardiac pain, fever, postpartum care | Made into jam, pickle, or burned and eaten. | Multi-purpose | Bamchoonth | Quince apple | Cydonia oblonga | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Khoubnasabjafari, M., & Jouyban, A. (2011). A review of phytochemistry and bioactivity of quince (Cydonia oblongaMill.). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(16), 3589–3597. | Ghulam din deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
639 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for kidney and stone pain | Kidney stones | Boiled in water and consumed. | Decoction | Mushk Bala | Smooth Catmint | Nepeta laevigata | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | No Scientific Evidence | Ghulam din deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
640 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for cancer and cleaning compound | Cancer support / utility | Boiled 10 minutes, mixed with milk, and eaten. | Milk Mix / Oral | Songal Tea | GH uddin Deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
641 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cough | Cough | Picked, ground into paste, and used. | Paste | Musloon Roots | Bistorta amplexicaulis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Pourová, J., Dias, P., Pour, M., Fialová, B., Czigle, S., Nagy, M., Tóth, J., Balázs, V., Horváth, A., Csikós, E., Farkas, Á., Horváth, G., & Mladěnka, P. (2023). Proposed mechanisms of action of herbal drugs and their biologically active constituents in the treatment of coughs: an overview. PeerJ, 11. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16096. | Pathani Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
642 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back pain | Back pain | Made into paste | Paste | Ratan Joot | Meadow Geranium | Geranium pretense L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No Scientific Evidence | meraj din katari | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
643 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach and sugar pain | Indigestion and diabetes | Made into paste, boiled in water, and consumed. | Paste / Oral | Patrees | Greenish Himalayan Monkshood | Aconitum heterophyllum | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Endangered | Talreja, S., & Tiwari, S. (2023). A comprehensive review of Aconitum heterophyllum. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences, 8(10), 195-201. | Haleema Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
644 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for black cough | Whooping cough | Ground into small pieces for use. | Dry / Powder Use | Banhota | Jalal Din Sheikh | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
645 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for diabetic pain | Diabetic neuropathy | Picked and boiled in water, then used with rice. | Boiling + Rice Use | Khori Jodi Root | Lal din deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
646 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain and headache | Stomach ache and headache | Powdered and mixed with warm oil, applied externally. | Powder + Oil | Choro | Angelica glauca | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Endangered | Sarker, S. D., & Nahar, L. (2004). Natural medicine: the genus Angelica. Current medicinal chemistry, 11(11), 1479-1500. | Fareeda Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
647 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for children's tooth pain | Pediatric toothache | Boiled and used for washing. | Washing / Decoction | Zeher Ka Phool | Nazera begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
648 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for pneumonia and cold | Pneumonia, cold | Boiled in water and consumed. | Decoction | Landi | Cynoglossum lanceolatum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | No Scientific Evidence | matwali deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
649 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach and general body pain | Stomach & body pain | Boiled, made into paste, and added to food. | Cooking | Bhodi aye Jaddi | No Scientific Evidence | rashma Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||
650 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to boost energy and relieve body pain | Fatigue & body ache | Made into paste and used in cooking vegetables. | Cooking | Khafal soduto | hameeda begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
651 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for joint and back pain | Joint & back pain | Ground to powder, boiled with rice and ghee, then eaten. | Traditional Cooking | Mameek | Paeonia Emodi | Paeonia Emodi | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Zahra, N., Iqbal, J., Arif, M., Abbasi, B. A., Sher, H., Nawaz, A. F., ... & Calina, D. (2023). A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle: current landscape and future perspectives. Chinese medicine, 18(1), 23. | Haneefa Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
652 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for bee sting wounds | Bee sting / insect bite | Rubbed on affected skin to relieve itching and inflammation. | Topical | Ubaj | Nepal Dock | Rumex nepelensis | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Shaikh, S., Shriram, V., Srivastav, A., Barve, P., & Kumar, V. (2018). A critical review on Nepal Dock (Rumex nepalensis): A tropical herb with immense medicinal importance. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 11(7), 405-414. | Sharma, G., Poudel, P., Thapa, R., Lamichhane, S., Paudel, H. R., Devkota, H. P., ... & Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y. (2021). Rumex nepalensis Spreng. Rumex hastatus D. Don Rumex longifolius DC. Polygonaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Himalayas (pp. 1-19). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Mymoona begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
653 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wounds | Wounds | Ground and made into paste for external use. | Paste / Topical | Pamb Hak | Indian Rhubarb | Rheum webbiana | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Thakur, M. (2024). Rhubarb (Rheum sp.): A Rare and Endangered Medicinal Plant of the Himalayas. In Advances in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (pp. vol2-241). Apple Academic Press. | Tabin, S., Gupta, R. C., Kamili, A. N., & Parray, J. A. (2022). Medical and medicinal importance of Rheum spp. collected from different altitudes of the Kashmir Himalayan range. Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports, 2(3), 187-201. | Nazira begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
654 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain and indigestion | Indigestion & stomach pain | Added to boiling water and consumed as herbal tea. | Decoction / Herbal Tea | teth wan | Artemisia absinthium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Boeing, T., de Souza, J., da Silva, R. D. C. V., Mariano, L. N. B., da Silva, L. M., Gerhardt, G. M., ... & de Souza, P. (2023). Gastroprotective effect of Artemisia absinthium L.: A medicinal plant used in the treatment of digestive disorders. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 312, 116488. | Szopa, A., Pajor, J., Klin, P., Rzepiela, A., Elansary, H. O., Al-Mana, F. A., ... & Ekiert, H. (2020). Artemisia absinthium L.—Importance in the history of medicine, the latest advances in phytochemistry and therapeutical, cosmetological and culinary uses. Plants, 9(9), 1063. | Jlal Uddin Shiekh | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
655 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for fever and cold | Fever & cold | Consumed raw. | Raw Consumption | Chestnut tree | Castanea | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Varies by species (CR/LC) | Rutter, P. A., Miller, G., & Payne, J. A. (1991). Chestnuts (Castanea). Genetic Resources of Temperate Fruit and Nut Crops 290, 761-790. | AB KREEM PODE | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
656 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cancer | Cancer support | Ground and soaked overnight in water before drinking. | Overnight Soaking | Hazel nut tree | Corylus avellana | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Çebi, A., Tepe, Y., Alioglu, İ., & Ari, F. (2024). Inducing effect of corylus avellana on cytotoxic activity in lung and breast cancer cells via apoptosis. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 79(3), 648-655. | Gallego, A., Malik, S., Yousefzadi, M., Makhzoum, A., Tremouillaux-Guiller, J., & Bonfill, M. (2017). Taxol from Corylus avellana: paving the way for a new source of this anti-cancer drug. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 129(1), 1-16. | Mohammad shreef choan | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
657 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wounds | Wounds | Ground into paste for medicinal use. | Paste / Medicinal Use | Soi | Nittle lip | urtica dioica | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Babaei, E., Asghari, M. H., Mehdikhani, F., Moloudizargari, M., Ghobadi, E., & Pouya, S. R. H. (2017). The healing effects of herbal preparations from Sambucus ebulus and Urtica dioica in full-thickness wound models. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 7(5), 421-427. | Kasouni, A. I., Chatzimitakos, T. G., Stalikas, C. D., Trangas, T., Papoudou-Bai, A., & Troganis, A. N. (2021). The unexplored wound healing activity of Urtica dioica L. extract: An in vitro and in vivo study. Molecules, 26(20), 6248. | Javid Ahmad deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
658 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for black cough | Whooping cough | Eaten fresh or ground into paste. | Raw or Paste | killmish | Viburnum Grandiflorum | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Dutta, A., Singh, K., Singh, B., Sharma, Y. P., & Bussmann, R. W. (2021). Documentation of veterinary practices from Gujjar and Bakarwal tribes of District Poonch, Jammu & Kashmir: A boon for animals from our ancestors. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 21, 1-18. | sadeek ktri | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
659 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: For cows | Livestock health | Fed raw to cattle. | Animal Feed | Gul nakshoo | sadeek ktri | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
660 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for eye pain | Eye pain | Ground and juice collected for use. | Juice Extraction | puth ke jadi | Gh Nabi shiekh | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
661 | Kashmir | Industrail Aplicability | Traditional plant for soap making | Dermatological use | Used as an ingredient in soap for skincare. | Soap Ingredient | Dang sonchal | Malva neglecta Wallr. | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Al-Snafi, A. E. (2021). Traditional uses of Iraqi medicinal plants (part 2). International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive, 2(1), 022-041. | Mohammad Shareef deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
662 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wounds | Wound healing | Ground into powder and used topically or internally. | Powder / Topical / Oral | budimavoo | Nazeera begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
663 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for treating forest bite | Frostbite | Applied to inflamed/red areas of feet. | Topical | Algae | Shaziya begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
664 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Herbal aid for digestion in animals | Digestion in livestock | Used as dry or fresh fodder. | Animal Feed | Thulbabil/ Bobul | babuna | Cotula anthemoids L | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | No Scientific Evidence | Gh Mohd Najar | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
665 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary treatment for BVD in cattle | Bovine Viral Diarrhea | Collected, salted, and fed to animals. | Salting + Animal Feed | Yann | Horse Mint | Mentha longifolia | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No Scientific Evidence | Gh Mohd Najar | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
666 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache | Toothache | Ground, mixed with oil, and applied to painful tooth. | Powder / Oil Mix | Datur | Thorn apple | Datura stramonium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Gh Mohd Najar | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
667 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Increases milk yield in cows | Milk yield in cows | Fed to livestock. | Animal Feed | Dramun | Bermuda grass | Cynodon dactylon | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Khan, R., Nedelcheva, A., Abidin, S. Z. U., Bhatti, M. Z., Khan, S. M., Ullah, A., ... & Dogan, Y. (2024). Ethnoveterinary uses of forage plants for domesticated ruminants in Malakand agency, Pakistan. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 108(1), 36-54. | Gh Mohd Najar | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
668 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for tooth pain | Toothache | Root collected, cleaned, and chewed. | Chewing | Pahale Ghass | Common Yarrow | Achillea Millefolium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Akbar, S. (2020). Achillea millefolium L.(Asteraceae/Compositae). In Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants: A Comprehensive Review of Their Traditional Medical Uses and Scientific Justifications (pp. 57-67). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Gh Mohd Najar | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
669 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for postpartum care in women | Postpartum recovery | Boiled in water, strained, and used. | Decoction | Batt Threer | Tasleema Begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
670 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Boosts milk production | Milk enhancement in livestock | Made into hay or fed fresh to animals. | Animal Feed | Dadije | Milk Thistle | lactuca serriola | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Abdul-Jalil, T. Z. (2020). Lactuca serriola: Short review of its phytochemical and pharmacological profiles. Intl. J. Drug Deliv. Technol, 10(3), 505-508. | QUAIL, W. T. J. EFFECT OF FREE CHOICE FEEDING BASED ON EMMER, TRITICALE. SCIENTIFIC PAPERS, 113. | Tasleema Begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
671 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal protein-rich supplement | Protein deficiency | Cleaned and consumed directly. | Raw Consumption | Mohar Munj | Wild Carrot | daucus carota | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Aremu, M. O., Okpele, J. A., Ibrahim, H., Ortutu, S. C., Mohammed, M. A., & Salau, R. B. (2022). Comparative Studies on Nutrient and Anti–nutrient Composition of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). International Journal of Sciences, 11(01), 13-21. | Pandey, P., Grover, K., Dhillon, T. S., Chawla, N., & Kaur, A. (2024). Development and quality evaluation of polyphenols enriched black carrot (Daucus carota L.) powder incorporated bread. Heliyon, 10(3). | Ejiofor, U. L., Ishiwu, C. N., Nneka, M. G., & Sunday, O. K. (2025). Optimization of Nutrient Composition of Foam-Mat Dried Protein Rich Weaning Food Supplement Produced from Carrot Juice (Daucus Carota), Egg White and Crayfish (Nematopalaemon Hastatus). International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 10(3), 146-169. | Tasleema Begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |
672 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for fat loss | Weight management | Ground and mixed with water for use. | Water Mix | Tathwain | Artemisia absinthium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Taraghdari, S. B., Nematy, M., Mazidi, M., Kamgar, M., Soukhtanloo, M., Hosseini, M., ... & Esmaily, H. (2015). The effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Artemisia absinthium on appetite in male rats. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine, 5(2), 78. | Daradka, H. M., Abas, M. M., Mohammad, M. A., & Jaffar, M. M. (2014). Antidiabetic effect of Artemisia absinthium extracts on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 23(6), 1733-1742. | Tasleema Begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
673 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to reduce joint pain | Joint pain | Ground and mixed with oil, then applied. | Oil Mix / Topical | Baad Gul | broadleaf plantain | Plantago major L | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Núñez Guillén, M. E., da Silva Emim, J. A., Souccar, C., & Lapa, A. J. (1997). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of Plantago major L. International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 35(2), 99-104. | Zhakipbekov, K., Turgumbayeva, A., Issayeva, R., Kipchakbayeva, A., Kadyrbayeva, G., Tleubayeva, M., ... & Tileuberdi, Y. (2023). Antimicrobial and other biomedical properties of extracts from Plantago major, Plantaginaceae. Pharmaceuticals, 16(8), 1092. | Qian, B., Hu, J., Dai, L., Zhou, Y., & Xu, H. (2025). Anti-inflammatory effect of Plantago asiatica crude extract in rat gout arthritis model. Journal of Immunotoxicology, 22(1), 2453156. | Haneef begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |
674 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to heal wounds and improve health | Wounds, general wellness | Roots used to treat wounds; fruits used to boost energy. | Multi-purpose | Wild strawberry | Wild strawberry | Fragaria nubicola (Rosaceae) | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Shrestha, S., Kunwar, R. M., Jan, H. A., Abbasi, A. M., Bussmann, R. W., & Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y. (2020). Fragaria nubicola (Hook. f,.) Lindl. ex Lacaita Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Himalayas (pp. 1-10). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Bussmann, R. W., & Kikvidze, Z. (2024). Fragaria moschata Weston Fragaria vesca L. Fragaria viridis Duch. Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Eastern Europe: Carpathians (pp. 1-19). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Haneef begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
675 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for anemia and energy boost | Anaemia, weakness | Consumed ripe, or made into juice or jam. | Raw / Jam / Juice | Chanch | thornless blackberry | Rubus ulmifolius | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Mehiou, A., Dib, I., Berraaouan, A., Ziyyat, A., Elachouri, M., & Bussmann, R. W. (2024). Rubus idaeus L. Rubus ulmifolius Schott. Rubus vulgaris Weihe & Nees Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of Northern Africa and Levant (pp. 1811-1825). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. | Mehiou, A., Alla, C., Akissi, Z. L., Lucau-Danila, A., Bouanani, N., Legssyer, A., ... & Ziyyat, A. (2024). Rubus ulmifolius schott: A comprehensive review of its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological effects. Journal of Berry Research, 14(4), 301-328. | Joshi, A., Kumar, V., Naik, B., Shikha, D., Rustagi, S., & Gupta, A. K. (2024). Anti-diabetic potential of Rubus species: linking conventional knowledge with scientific developments: a review. Food Production, Processing and Nutrition, 6(1), 87. | Haneef begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |
676 | Kashmir | Herbal practice to reduce weakness | General weakness | Consumed ripe. | Raw Consumption | angeer | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Fazel, M. F., Abu, I. F., Mohamad, M. H. N., Mat Daud, N. A., Hasan, A. N., Aboo Bakkar, Z., ... & Ismail, A. A. (2024). Physicochemistry, nutritional, and therapeutic potential of Ficus carica–A promising nutraceutical. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 1947-1968. | Idrus, R. B. H., Sainik, N. Q. A. V., Ansari, A. S., Zulfarina, M. S., Razali, R. A., Nordin, A., ... & Mohamed, I. N. (2018). Ficus carica and bone health: A systematic review. Sains Malaysiana, 47(11), 2741-2755. | Haneef begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
677 | Kashmir | Herbal aid for digestion | Indigestion | Used as spice in cooking vegetables. | Spice Use | Saunf | fennel | Foeniculum Vulgare | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Rather, M. A., Dar, B. A., Sofi, S. N., Bhat, B. A., & Qurishi, M. A. (2016). Foeniculum vulgare: A comprehensive review of its traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9, S1574-S1583. | Özel, O. T., Çimagil, R., Gürkan, S. E., Coşkun, İ., Türe, M., & Kutlu, İ. (2023). The effects of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Essential Oils on Growth Performance and Digestive Physiological Traits in Black Sea Salmon (Salmo labrax PALLAS 1814) Juveniles. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 29(1), 362-370. | Saddiqi, H. A., & Iqbal, Z. (2011). Usage and significance of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seeds in Eastern medicine. In Nuts and seeds in health and disease prevention (pp. 461-467). Academic Press. | Mohd Akbar Wani | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
678 | Kashmir | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Included in traditional recipes. | Culinary | Kral Munj | shepherd's purse | Capsella bursapastoris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Łukaszyk, A., Kwiecień, I., & Szopa, A. (2024). Traditional uses, bioactive compounds, and new findings on pharmacological, nutritional, cosmetic and biotechnology utility of Capsella bursa-pastoris. Nutrients, 16(24), 4390. | Riaz, I., Bibi, Y., & Ahmed, N. (2021). Evaluation of nutritional, phytochemical, antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of Capsella bursa-pastoris, a wild vegetable from potohar region of Pakistan. Kuwait journal of science, 48(3). | Mohd Akbar Wani | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
679 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for abdominal pain in infants | Infant colic | Ground with oil to make paste for application. | Paste / Topical | Zarkash | Descuraina Millefolia | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Nimrouzi, M., Sadeghpour, O., Imanieh, M. H., Shams-Ardekani, M., Zarshenas, M. M., Salehi, A., & Minaei, M. B. (2014). Remedies for children constipation in medieval Persia. Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine, 19(2), 137-143. | Mohd Akbar Wani | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
680 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy rich in vitamin C | Vitamin C deficiency / mouth ulcers | Eaten raw. | Raw Consumption | Cxukchine | Erect Prickly Pear | Oxalis Stricta | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Mohd Akbar Wani | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
681 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for headache and wound healing | Headache, wounds | Ground with oil to form thin paste, applied externally. | Paste / Topical | Kalvloth | common self-heal, heal-all, woundwort | Prunella vulgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Akkol, E. K., Renda, G., Ilhan, M., & Bektaş, N. Y. (2022). Wound healing acceleration and anti-inflammatory potential of Prunella vulgaris L.: From conventional use to preclinical scientific verification. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 295, 115411. | Rasool, R., & Ganai, B. A. (2013). Prunella vulgaris L.: a literature review on its therapeutic potentials. Pharmacologia, 4(6), 441-448. | Patel, J. K., & Sharma, M. K. (2019). A review on ethno botanical, phytochemistry, bioactivities and medicinal potential of Prunella vulgaris (mint family/common self-heal). East African Scholars Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics, 1(5), 99-105. | Mohd Akbar Wani | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
682 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy to cure iron deficiency | Iron deficiency anaemia | Used in recipes. | Culinary | Wari Haand | Spanish | Lentinus tigrinus | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Adejumo, T. O., & Awosanya, O. B. (2005). Proximate and mineral composition of four edible mushroom species from South Western Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4(10). | Adejumo, T. O., Coker, M. E., & Akinmoladun, V. O. (2015). Identification and evaluation of nutritional status of some edible and medicinal mushrooms in Akoko Area, Ondo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 4(4), 1011-1028. | Mohd Akbar Wani | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
683 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for diabetic patients | Diabetes | Ground and included in food recipes. | Culinary | Bagle dal | Broad Bean | Vicia faba | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Mejri, F., Selmi, S., Martins, A., Baati, T., Chaabane, H., Njim, L., ... & Hosni, K. (2018). Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) pods: a rich source of bioactive ingredients with antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, anti-diabetic and health-promoting properties. Food & function, 9(4), 2051-2069. | Turco, I., Ferretti, G., & Bacchetti, T. (2016). Review of the health benefits of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) polyphenols. Journal of Food & Nutrition Research, 55(4). | Poonia, A., Vikranta, U., Chaudhary, N., & Dangi, P. (2022). Current and potential health claims of faba beans (Vicia faba, L.) and its components. In Faba bean: Chemistry, properties and functionality (pp. 331-355). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Mohd Akbar Wani | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
684 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for treatment of iron deficiency | Iron deficiency | Used in meals. | Culinary | Drub Ghases | Polygonum aviculare L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Mahmoudi, M., Abdellaoui, R., Feki, E., Boughalleb, F., Zaidi, S., & Nasri, N. (2021). Analysis of Polygonum aviculare and Polygonum maritimum for minerals by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), polyphenolics by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS), and antioxidant properties by spectrophotometry. Analytical Letters, 54(18), 2940-2955. | Demirpolat, A. (2022). Chemical composition of essential oils of seven Polygonum species from Turkey: A chemotaxonomic approach. Molecules, 27(24), 9053. | Mohd Akbar Wani | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
685 | Kashmir | Ethnoveterinary use: Treats cattle ruminal tympany | Bloating in cattle | Fed to animals as fodder. | Animal Feed | Batak Lyunt | Red Clover | Trifolium pratense | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Reed, K. F. M. (2016). Fertility of herbivores consuming phytoestrogen-containing Medicago and Trifolium species. Agriculture, 6(3), 35. | Rout, R. K. THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF RUMENOTOMY IN MEDICINALLY REFRACTORY CASES OF RECURRENT TYMPANY IN CROSSBRED COWS (Doctoral dissertation, ORISSA UNiVERSITY OF AGRICuLTURE AND TECHNOLOGY). | Mohd Akbar Wani | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
686 | Kashmir | Herbal treatment for diabetes | Diabetes | Used in salad or recipes. | Salad / Culinary | Tsochal | Common Mallow | Malva neglecta L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Saleem, M., Hussain, A., Akhtar, M. F., Saleem, A., Sadeeqa, S., & Naheed, S. (2021). Ameliorating effect of Malva Neglecta on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic rats. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 57, e18901. | Türker, M., & Dalar, A. (2013). In vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties and phenolic composition of M. neglecta Wallr.(Malvaceae) fruit: A traditional medicinal fruit from Eastern Anatolia. Industrial Crops and Products, 51, 376-380. | Zareefa begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
687 | Kashmir | Taken as cooked vegetable for general weakness | Nutritional deficiency | Cooked and consumed fresh. | Cooking | Kecx Kul | Himalayan Indigo | Indigofera heterantha | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Buch, K., Mugloo, J. A., Ahmad, K., Sheikh, G. G., Raj, A., Khan, P. A., ... & Mehraj, B. (2022). Nutrient deficient forage for critically endangered Cervus hanglu hanglu: A serious concern for conservationists. | Mir, S. H., Ahmed, H. A., Ganai, A. M., & Beigh, Y. A. (2020). Seasonal variability of palatability and nutrient intake in different age groups of range sheep. Biological Rhythm Research, 51(7), 1006-1017. | Zareefa begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
688 | Kashmir | Ethnoveterinary use: Maintains cattle health | Livestock health maintenance | Ground (wet/dry) with jaggery and consumed. | Grinding / Oral | Bhang Kul | Marijuana | Cannabis Sativa Indica | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Muedi, H. T. H., Kujoana, T. C., Shai, K., Mabelebele, M., & Sebola, N. A. (2024). The use of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) on farm animal’s productivity, health and reproductive performance: a review. Animal Production Science, 64(2). | Fallahi, S., Bobak, Ł., & Opaliński, S. (2022). Hemp in animal diets—cannabidiol. Animals, 12(19), 2541. | Klir, Ž., Novoselec, J., & Antunović, Z. (2019). An overview on the use of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in animal nutrition. Poljoprivreda, 25(2), 52-61. | Zareefa begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
689 | Kashmir | Traditional use: Increases soil fertility | Soil fertility | Used as manure. | Fertilizer | Gandangund | Zareefa begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
690 | Kashmir | Taken as cooked vegetable for general weakness | Nutritional deficiency | Cooked into recipes. | Cooking | Kunn | Kashmir Elder | Sambucus Wightiana | ⚫ Black | Least Concern | Acharya, J., & Mukherjee, A. (2014). An account of Sambucus L. in the Himalayan regions of India. Indian Journal of Life Sciences, 4(1), 77. | Zareefa begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
691 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for toothache | Toothache | Rubbed on teeth for cleaning. | Rubbing | Doon Kul | Walnut | Juglans Regia | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Taresh, A., Mahdi, A., & Alziadi, R. (2023). Efficacy of Juglans regia extract as a mouthwash in the treatment of periodontal disease. International journal of health sciences. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns9.13905. | Ayisha begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
692 | Kashmir | Edible plant used to cure fractures | Bone fracture | Crushed and applied as paste or used in food. | Paste / Culinary | Haand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Alfaifi, A., Tashkandi, M., & Yousef, J. (2023). Roles for Taraxacum officinale and Vitamins (C, K) on Bone Formation and Resorption Heparin-Induced in Rats. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.51847/jzj0vbvtxp. | Ayisha begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
693 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for back pain | Back pain | Powdered and cooked in desi ghee with sugar and water. | Cooking | ganhar | green amaranth | Amaranthus viridis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ikram, M., Haider, A., & Fatima, U. (2023). Pharmaceutical Activity of Medicinal Plant Amaranthus viridis Linn. Due to Its Chemical Constituents: A Review. BIOEDUSCIENCE. https://doi.org/10.22236/jbes/12089. | Zaina begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
694 | Kashmir | Herbal treatment for hair fall and dandruff | Hair fall, dandruff | Mixed with mustard oil and massaged into scalp. | Massage / Oil Mix | Kukli port | Cuscuta reflexa | Cuscuta reflexa | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Anjum, F., Bukhari, S., Shahid, M., Bokhari, T., & Talpur, M. (2013). Exploration of nutraceutical potential of herbal oil formulated from parasitic plant.. African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines : AJTCAM, 11 1, 78-86 . https://doi.org/10.4314/AJTCAM.V11I1.11. | Zaina begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
695 | Kashmir | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in food preparations. | Culinary | Meethi | Fenugreek | Trigunella Fuenum Graecum | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Dhull, S., Chandak, A., Bamal, P., Malik, A., & Kidwai, M. (2021). Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): Nutritional, Health Properties and Food Uses. Fenugreek. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1197-1_10. | Zaina begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
696 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for winter cold | Cold and flu (seasonal) | Fried in oil, dried, and consumed in small amounts. | Frying + Drying | Pran | Onion | Allium cepa var. prolliferum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Singh, H., & Khar, A. (2022). Potential of onion (Allium cepa) as traditional therapeutic and functional food: An update. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i11.123235. | Zaina begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
697 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for anaemia and blood health | Anaemia, blood weakness | Eaten ripe or made into juice. | Raw / Juice | Kashmiri Pomegranate | Pomegranate | Punica granatum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | An, P., S, R., Jk, V., G., Y., Vs, H., Lj, K., Kg, S., & Be, P. (2023). Punica granatum Juice as an Oral Supplemental Therapeutic: Effect on Hemoglobin and Blood Glucose Levels among Diabetic Patients. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.3.95. | Zaina begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
698 | Kashmir | Traditional use: Cooking ingredient | Culinary use | Cooked as dish. | Culinary | Wast Hak | Redroot Pigweed | Amaranthus dubius | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Nyonje, W., Yang, R., Kejo, D., Makokha, A., Owino, W., & Abukutsa-Onyango, M. (2022). Exploring the Status of Preference, Utilization Practices, and Challenges to Consumption of Amaranth in Kenya and Tanzania. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2240724. | Zaina begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
699 | Kashmir | Traditional use: Cooking ingredient | Culinary use | Used in traditional recipes. | Traditional Cooking | Leesa Red Amaranth | Love Lies Bleeding | Amaranthus caudatus | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Toimbayeva, D., Saduakhasova, S., Kamanova, S., Kiykbay, A., Tazhina, S., Temirova, I., Muratkhan, M., Shaimenova, B., Murat, L., Khamitova, D., & Ospankulova, G. (2025). Prospects for the Use of Amaranth Grain in the Production of Functional and Specialized Food Products. Foods, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14091603. | Zaina begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
700 | Kashmir | Traditional use: Used in soap making | Dermatological/cleaning utility | Ground for use in dishes. | Powder / Culinary | Haan Don Kul | Horse chestnut | Aesculus Glabra | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Not Documented | Mohd Sultan Chopan | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
701 | Kashmir | Traditional use: Used as a spice | Culinary/spice | Used in powdered form. | Powder Use | Jungli Pudina | Asian Mint | Mentha longifolia | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Shahar, B., & Chongtham, N. (2023). Traditional uses and advances in recent research on wild aromatic plant Mentha longifolia and its pharmacological importance. Phytochemistry Reviews, 23, 529-550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-023-09896-7. | Mohd Sultan Chopan | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
702 | Kashmir | Edible plant: Nutritious and supports weight gain | Malnutrition/weight gain | Used ripe or made into jam, juice, or squash. | Juice / Jam / Squash | Tul Kul | White Mulberry | Morus alba | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Chen, C., Mohamad Razali, U. H., Saikim, F. H., Mahyudin, A., & Mohd Noor, N. Q. I. (2021). Morus alba L. Plant: Bioactive Compounds and Potential as a Functional Food Ingredient. Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 10(3), 689. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10030689 | Mohd Sultan Chopan | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
703 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy rich in vitamins | Vitamin deficiency | Consumed ripe. | Raw | Ring | Howthorn berries | Crataegus oxyacantha | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Orhan, I. (2016). Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activity Profile of Crataegus oxyacantha L. (Hawthorn) - A Cardiotonic Herb.. Current medicinal chemistry, 25 37, 4854-4865 . https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666160919095519. | Mohd Sultan Chopan | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
704 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for diabetes | Diabetes | Sliced, sun-dried, or made into jam/murabba. | Drying / Jam | Bamchoonth | Quince apple | Cydonia oblonga | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Amerizadeh, A., Vaseghi, G., Esmaeilian, N., & Asgary, S. (2022). Cardiovascular Effects of Cydonia oblonga Miller (Quince). Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3185442. | Mohd Sultan Chopan | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
705 | Kashmir | Herbal source of vitamins and minerals | Vitamin & mineral deficiency | Consumed ripe for strength. | Strength / Nutrition | kecham trail | Crab apple | Malus sylvestris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient | Barros, L., Carvalho, A., & Ferreira, I. (2010). Leaves, flowers, immature fruits and leafy flowered stems of Malva sylvestris: a comparative study of the nutraceutical potential and composition.. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 48 6, 1466-72 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.012. | Mohd Sultan Chopan | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
706 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for bone diseases | Bone-related ailments | Brewed into herbal tea. | Decoction | Ratan Joot | Meadow Geranium | Geranium pretense L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Wang, X., Wang, M., Cui, X., Li, Z., Guo, S., Gao, F., , M., & Wang, Z. (2021). Antiosteoporosis effect of geraniin on ovariectomy‐induced osteoporosis in experimental rats. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 35. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.22774. | Haja begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
707 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for back pain | Back pain | Powdered and mixed with ghee, sugar, and semolina to make halwa. | Halwa / Cooking | Mameek | Paeonia Emodi | Paeonia Emodi | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Yaqoob, U., Nazir, S., Nawchoo, I., Lone, F., Rather, A., Hassan, A., & Ashraf, A. (2018). Paeonia emodi: An Ethnopharmacological and Phytochemical Review. , 6, 11-20. | Kumar, S., Ratha, K., Rao, M., & Acharya, R. (2022). A comprehensive review on the phytochemistry, pharmacological, ethnobotany, and traditional uses of Paeonia species. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.02. | Haja begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
708 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for wounds and postpartum bathing | Wounds, postpartum care | Boiled water preparation for internal use. | Decoction | Pamb Hak | Indian Rhubarb | Rheum webbiana | ⚫ Black | Not Applicable | Not Documented | Naseema | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
709 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for abdominal pain | Abdominal pain | Ground into paste and applied to skin. | Paste | Agnisheer | Naseema | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
710 | Kashmir | Herbal practice to treat frostbite | Frostbite | Boiled in water for foot soak. | Foot Soak / Decoction | Thulbabil | Babuna | Cotula anthemoids L | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Refaey, M., Abouelela, M., El-Shoura, E., Alkhalidi, H., Fadil, S., Elhady, S., & Abdelhameed, R. (2022). In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cotula anthemoides Essential Oil and In Silico Molecular Docking of Its Bioactives. Molecules, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061994. | Mahrideen ktri | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
711 | Kashmir | Seeds used to treat toothache | Toothache | Picked from Datura, ground into powder, applied to toothache or cavities. | Powder / Topical | Datur | Thorn apple | Datura stramonium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Sharma, M., Dhaliwal, I., Rana, K., Delta, A., & Kaushik, P. (2021). Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Datura Species—A Review. Antioxidants, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081291. | mariam Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
712 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for stomach cleaning | Digestive cleansing | Used as herbal decoction. | Herbal Decoction | Tathwain | Artimesia absenthium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Bhat, R., Rehman, M., Shabir, A., Mir, M., Ahmad, A., Khan, R., Masoodi, M., Madkhali, H., & Ganaie, M. (2019). Chemical Composition and Biological Uses of Artemisia absinthium (Wormwood). Plant and Human Health, Volume 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04408-4_3. | mariam Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
713 | Kashmir | Traditional use: Consumed as fruit | General health/nutrition | Consumed ripe or made into jam. | Juice / Jam | Chanch | thornless blackberry | Rubus ulmifolius | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Da Silva, L., Pereira, E., Pires, T., Alves, M., Pereira, O., Barros, L., & Ferreira, I. (2019). Rubus ulmifolius Schott fruits: A detailed study of its nutritional, chemical and bioactive properties.. Food research international, 119, 34-43 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.01.052. | gulshan begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
714 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for weakness and cancer | Weakness, cancer support | Consumed ripe. | Raw | Anjeer | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Uddin, S. (2020). A review on nutritional values and pharmacological importance of Ficus carica. International Journal of Horticulture and Food Science. https://doi.org/10.33545/26631067.2020.v2.i1a.48. | Tanzeela akther | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
715 | Kashmir | Herbal treatment for injury | Injury/wound care | Ground into paste and applied to injuries. | Paste / Topical | Kalvloth | common self-heal, heal-all, woundwort | Prunella valgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Akkol, E., Renda, G., Ilhan, M., & Bektaş, N. (2022). Wound healing acceleration and anti-inflammatory potential of Prunella vulgaris L.: From conventional use to preclinical scientific verification.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 115411 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115411. | Tanzeela akther | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
716 | Kashmir | Edible plant used as food | Nutritional support | Used in curry or brewed as herbal tea. | Curry / Tea | Cxeer Kul | Common Cocklebur | Xanthium strumarium | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Babajanova, R., Rakhmanova, M., Kodiralieva, F., & Malikova, M. (2024). PROTEINS AND CARBOHYDRATES OF XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM L. FRUITS GROWING IN THE KHOREZM RE-GION. chemistry of plant raw material. https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240411752. | freeda begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
717 | Kashmir | Edible vegetable for pregnant women | Postpartum nutrition | Fresh leaves cooked and consumed. | Cooking | Wari Haand | Spanish | Lentinus tigrinus | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Fabros, J., Dulay, R., De León, A., Kalaw, S., & Reyes, R. (2022). Distribution, cultivation, nutritional composition, and bioactivities of Lentinus (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycetes): A review. Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology. https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/12/1/13. | Suriya begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
718 | Kashmir | Traditional use: Planted in parks | Ornamental use | Propagated by digging root system. | Propagation | Drub Ghases | Polygonum aviculare L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Not Documented | Shafeeqa begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
719 | Kashmir | Warning: Harmful for horses if eaten raw | Toxicity in horses | Sipped directly. | Sipping | Batak Lyunt | Red Clover | Trifolium pratense | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Fonteque, J., De Souza, A., Schade, J., Muller, T., & Weinert, N. (2015). Intoxicação por eslaframina em equino no estado de Santa Catarina. , 22, 375-379. | Suriya begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
720 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain | Stomach pain | Consumed ripe. | Raw | wanwagun | Podophyllum hexandrum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Endangered | Kalam, M., Malik, A., Ganie, A., & Butt, T. (2021). Medicinal importance of Papra (Podophyllum hexandrum Royle) in Unani System of Medicine. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 18, 485 - 490. https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2020-0178. | Mohammad Shareef deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
721 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cancer | Cancer support | Used as edible vegetable. | Culinary | Tsochal | Common Mallow | Malva neglecta L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Arslan, İ., Kaya, Ö., & Çeli̇k, T. (2023). PHYTOCHEMICALANALYSIS OF ACTIVE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN SOME PLANTS USED AS TRADITIONAL FOLK DRUGS FOR CANCER AND LITERATURE REVIEW OF THEIR ANTI-CANCER EFFECTS. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2106_59015914. | Mohammad Shareef deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
722 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal bath for postpartum recovery and wound healing | Postpartum pain, wound healing | Boiled in water and used for washing. | Washing | Kecx Kul | Himalayan Indigo | Indigofera heterantha | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Halim, A., Zeb, M., & Khan, S. (2018). In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Indigofera heterantha roots. Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal, 6. https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2018.06.00192. | GH DIN KATARI | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
723 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Increases milk yield in cows | Milk production in cattle | Fed raw to cattle. | Animal Feed | Durham | witchgrass | Panicum Capillare | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Not Documented | Gh uddin deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
724 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for stomach disorders | Indigestion, gastritis | Decoction administered twice daily. | Decoction | Kunn | Kashmir Elder | Sambucus Wightiana | ⚫ Black | Least Concern | Chashoo, I., Wani, S., Raja, W., Bhat, Z., Ali, M., Alshehri, S., Alam, P., Ghoneim, M., Asdaq, S., & Shakeel, F. (2023). Physicochemical Characterization, Phytochemical Analysis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Sambucus wightiana. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.105170. | Gh uddin deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
725 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in recipes. | Cooking | Doon Kul | Walnut | Juglans Regia | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Gaviley, O., Pankova, S., Poliakova, L., & Chorna, G. (2024). Assessment of Phytochemical Characteristics of Walnut (Juglans regia) Leaves: Determination of Nutritional Value and Quantitative Content of Phenolic Compounds. Research in Agricultural Sciences. https://doi.org/10.17097/agricultureatauni.1556731. | Zaytoona begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
726 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for knee pain, joint pain, and weakness | Joint pain, fatigue | Boiled, made into paste, and applied. | Paste / Topical | Hand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Sis, Ç., Okcay, Y., Ulusoy, K., Vural, I., & Yildiz, O. (2024). Exploring the antinociceptive effect of taraxasterol in mice: Possible mechanisms. Neuroscience Letters, 845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138075. | Hao, F., Deng, X., Yu, X., Wang, W., Yan, W., Zhao, X., Wang, X., Bai, C., Wang, Z., & Han, L. (2024). Taraxacum: A Review of Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activity.. The American journal of Chinese medicine, 1-33 . https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X24500083. | Marbee Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
727 | Kashmir | industrail aplicabity | Traditional use: Used for house cleaning | Cleaning utility | Used as green vegetable. | Cooking | Mishri Grass | Sweet Cherry | Prunus Avium | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Bali begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
728 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Eaten as food | Nutritional use | Boiled and consumed in food. | Cooking | Ganhar | green amaranth | Amaranthus viridis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Datta, S., Sinha, B., Bhattacharjee, S., & Seal, T. (2019). Nutritional composition, mineral content, antioxidant activity and quantitative estimation of water soluble vitamins and phenolics by RP-HPLC in some lesser used wild edible plants. Heliyon, 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01431. | Bali begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
729 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional herb for hair growth | Hair loss | Ground into paste. | Paste | Kukli port | Cuscuta reflexa | Cuscuta reflexa | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Pandit, S., Chauhan, N., & Dixit, V. (2008). Effect of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb on androgen‐induced alopecia. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2008.00389.x. | Javid Ahmad deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
730 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to boost energy | Fatigue | Boiled and made into paste and applied. | Boiling / Paste | Meethi | Fenugreek | Trigunella Fuenum Graecum | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Yan, D., Yan, Y., , R., Chu, J., Mao, X., & Li, L. (2022). Ameliorating effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) extract tablet on exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue in rats by suppressing mitophagy in skeletal muscle.. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 26 20, 7321-7332 . https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202210_30001. | Abdul Aziz Jinder | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
731 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for throat cancer | Throat cancer | Ground into powder, used in food. | Powder / Culinary | Pran | Onion | Allium cepa var. prolliferum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Situ, S., Hasan, M., Mia, E., Shipon, M., Amin, M., Bristy, A., & Emon, Y. (2025). Anticancer Activity of Allium cepa through the Inactivation of NF-κB Pathway: A Literature-based Study. Journal of Chemistry Insights and Discoveries. https://doi.org/10.71193/jcid.20250004. | Javid Ahmad deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
732 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Boiled and added to recipes. | Cooking | Wast Hak | Redroot Pigweed | Amaranthus dubius | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ruth, O., Unathi, K., Nomali, N., & Chinsamy, M. (2021). Underutilization Versus Nutritional-Nutraceutical Potential of the Amaranthus Food Plant: A Mini-Review. Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11156879. | Gh Nabi Shiekh | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
733 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for heart pain and pregnancy-related symptoms | Cardiac pain, postpartum recovery | Made into jam, pickle, or burned and consumed. | Multi-purpose | Bamchoonth | Quince apple | Cydonia oblonga | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Shakeri, A., Hashempur, M., Mojibian, M., Aliasl, F., Bioos, S., & Nejatbakhsh, F. (2018). A comparative study of ranitidine and quince (Cydonia oblonga mill) sauce on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in pregnancy: a randomised, open-label, active-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 38, 899 - 905. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2018.1431210. | Amerizadeh, A., Vaseghi, G., Esmaeilian, N., & Asgary, S. (2022). Cardiovascular Effects of Cydonia oblonga Miller (Quince). Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3185442. | Ghulam din deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
734 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for kidney and stone pain | Kidney stones | Mushknala roots boiled and consumed. | Decoction | Mushk Bala | Smooth Catmint | Nepeta laevigata | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Not Documented | Ghulam din deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
735 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cancer and cleaning compound | Cancer support / utility | Collected, boiled for 10 minutes, mixed with milk, then eaten. | Cooking | Songal Tea | GH uddin Deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
736 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cough | Cough | Roots of Musloon ground into paste and applied. | Paste / Topical | Musloon Roots | TTc | 🟤 Brown | Not Documented | Pathani Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
737 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back pain | Back pain | Ground into paste. | Paste | Ratan Joot | Meadow Geranium | Geranium pretense L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Gazerani, A., Sarchahi, Z., Hosseini, S., & Abavisani, M. (2020). The effect of inhalation aromatherapy of geranium on pain and physiological indices after appendectomy: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Surgery Open. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijso.2020.12.004. | meraj din katari | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
738 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain and sugar regulation | Stomach ache, diabetes | Roots of Patrees boiled and applied. | Boiling / Topical | Patrees | Greenish Himalayan Monkshood | Aconitum heterophyllum | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Endangered | Kour, G., Chaubey, S., Singh, D., & Mishra, R. (2021). ATIVISA (ACONITUM HETEROPHYLLUM WALL EX. ROYLE): A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON PROPAGATION, TRADITIONAL USES AND PHARMACOLOGY. AYUSHDHARA. https://doi.org/10.47070/ayushdhara.v8i2.714. | Paramanick, D., Panday, R., Shukla, S., & Sharma, V. (2017). Primary Pharmacological and Other Important Findings on the Medicinal Plant “Aconitum Heterophyllum” (Aruna). Journal of Pharmacopuncture, 20, 89 - 92. https://doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2017.20.011. | Haleema Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
739 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for sugar pain | Diabetes-related pain | Roots of Khorijafi ground, boiled, and added to rice. | Boil / Culinary | Khori Jodi Root | Lal din deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
740 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain and headache | Stomach ache, headache | Ground, mixed with warm oil, applied to relieve stomach and headache. | Oil / Massage | Choro | Angelica glauca Edgew | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Endangered | Fareeda Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
741 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for children's tooth pain | Pediatric toothache | Used after boiling in water. | Boiling | Zeher Ka Phool | Not Evaluated | Nazera begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||
742 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for pneumonia and cold | Pneumonia, cold | Boiled in water and used. | Decoction | Landi | Cynoglossum lanceolatum | matwali deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||
743 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach and general body pain | Abdominal & body pain | Picked, boiled, made into paste, and added to food. | Boiling / Paste / Food | Bhodi aye Jaddi | rashma Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
744 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal energy booster and body pain reliever | Fatigue, body pain | Made into paste and used in vegetables. | Paste / Cooking | Khafal soduto | hameeda begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
745 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for joint and back pain | Joint & back pain | Powdered, boiled with rice and ghee. | Culinary / Nutritional | Mameek | Paeonia Emodi | Paeonia Emodi | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Haneefa Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
746 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for bee sting wounds | Bee sting | Rubbed on affected skin to reduce redness and itching. | Topical | Ubaj | Nepal Dock | Rumex nepelensis | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Mymoona begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
747 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for wounds | Wound healing | Roots of Pamb Hak ground and made into paste. | Paste / Topical | Pamb Hak | Indian Rhubarb | Rheum webbiana | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Nazira begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
748 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain and indigestion | Stomach pain, indigestion | Added to boiling water and consumed. | Decoction | tethwan | Artimesia absenthium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Jlal Uddin Shiekh | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
749 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for fever and cold | Fever, cold | Consumed fresh. | Raw Consumption | Chestnut tree | Castanea dentata | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Criticially Endangered | Puri, D., Kumar, A., Virmani, J., & Kriti. (2022). Classification of leaves of medicinal plants using laws’ texture features. International Journal of Information Technology, 14(2), 931-942. | AB KREEM PODE | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
750 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cancer | Cancer support | Ground, soaked overnight in water, and consumed. | Soaking Overnight | Hazelnut tree | Corylus avellana | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Mohammad shreef choan | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
751 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wound healing | Wounds | Ground and made into paste. | Paste | Soi | Nittle lip | urtica dioica | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Javid Ahmad deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
752 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for black cough | Whooping cough | Eaten fresh or dried, then ground into paste. | Raw or Paste | kilmish | Viburnum Grandiflorum | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | sadeek ktri | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
753 | Kashmir | ANimal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Used for cows | Cattle health | Given raw. | Animal Feed | Gul nakshoo | sadeek ktri | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
754 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for eye pain | Eye pain | Ground and juice collected for medicinal use. | Juice Extraction | puth ke jadi | Gh Nabi shiekh | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
755 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional plant used in soap production | Dermatological/cleaning use | Used as a key ingredient in soap for skin care. | Soap Ingredient | Dang sonchal | Mohammad Shareef deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
756 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for wounds | Wounds | Ground and powdered for topical application. | Powder Use | budimavoo | Nazeera begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
757 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat forest bite | Frostbite | Used for redness and inflamed forstbite. | Topical | Algae | Shaziya begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
758 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for inflammation | Inflammation | Taken as cooked vegetables or in soup form. | Cooking / Soup | Sochal | Malva neglecta L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Hamayun, R., Iqbal, M. S., & Qadir, M. I. (2021). Assessment of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities of Malva neglecta Wallr. in animal model. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 50(3), 577-583. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
759 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tonic and jaundice remedy | Jaundice, general wellness | Used as a tonic when taken as cooked vegetables; decoction of roots is taken orally to treat jaundice. | Cooking + Decoction | Haand | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Jalili, C., Taghadosi, M., Pazhouhi, M., Bahrehmand, F., Miraghaee, S. S., Pourmand, D., & Rashidi, I. (2020). An overview of therapeutic potentials of Taraxacum officinale (dandelion): A traditionally valuable herb with a reach historical background. WCRJ World Cancer Res. J, 7, e1679. | Mahboubi, M., & Mahboubi, M. (2020). Hepatoprotection by dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and mechanisms. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 10(1), 1-10. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
760 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for gastric and intestinal issues | Indigestion, stomach infection | Used as decoction or cooked as vegetable. | Cooking / Decoction | Daade | Asplenium nidus | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Jarial, R., Thakur, S., Sakinah, M., Zularisam, A. W., Sharad, A., Kanwar, S. S., & Singh, L. (2018). Potent anticancer, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of isolated flavonoids from Asplenium nidus. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 30(2), 185-192. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
761 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for weakness and improved vision | Weakness, eye health | Taken as cooked vegetable or soup to improve general weakness and eye vision. | Cooking | Ganhar | Amaranthus caudatus | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Dey, P., Basumatary, M., & Devi, R. S. Medicinal values of selected species of family Amaranthaceae of India. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
762 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for constipation | Constipation | Taken as a vegetable to treat constipation. | Cooking | Nunnar | Portulaca oleracea L | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Bang, K. B., Choi, J. H., Park, J. H., Lee, S., Rho, M. C., Lee, S. W., ... & Shin, J. E. (2022). Effect of Portulaca oleracea L. extract on functional constipation: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology, 28(4), 296-303. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
763 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for iron deficiency | Iron deficiency / anaemia | Taken as a vegetable to treat iron deficiency. | Cooking | Jangli Palak | Wild spinach | Chenopodium album | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Kundu, P., & Gupta, P. (2023). Chenopodium Species. Harvesting Food from Weeds, 1-20. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
764 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for general weakness | General weakness | Boiled to make herbal tea. | Tea / Decoction | Machran | Polygonum amplexicaule | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Abbasi, A. M., Khan, M. A., Shah, M. H., Shah, M. M., Pervez, A., & Ahmad, M. (2013). Ethnobotanical appraisal and cultural values of medicinally important wild edible vegetables of Lesser Himalayas-Pakistan. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine, 9(1), 66. | (2020). Polygonum Species. Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Plants. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527825578.c02-71. | Ram, C., Joshi, P., & Prasad, K. (2018). Phytochemical Analysis of Polygonum amplexicaule Essential Oil from Pithoragarh , Uttarakand , India. . https://doi.org/10.13188/2327-204x.1000026. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
765 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cough | Cough | Taken as vegetable; used for cough relief and to improve blood circulation. | Cooking | Gul | Plantago lanceolata | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | BOSKABADI, M., Rakhshandah, H., Afiat, M., Aelami, Z., & Amiri, S. (2006). Antitussive effect of Plantago lanceolata in guinea pigs. | Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Bussmann, R. W., Kikvidze, Z., & Khojimatov, O. K. (2024). Plantago lanceolata L. Plantago major L. Plantago media L. Plantaginaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Eastern Europe: Carpathians (pp. 1-23). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Kattel, A. M., Sher, H., Ur Rahman, I., Hussain, W., Jan, H. A., Abbasi, A. M., ... & Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y. (2021). Plantago depressa Willd Plantago lanceolata L. Plantago major L. Plantago ovata Forssk. Plantaginacae. In Ethnobotany of the Himalayas (pp. 1539-1553). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Isabel, O. A., Antonio, M. G., de Jauregui Diego, R. F., Laura, O. L., Sandra, R. G., Kepa, G. G. J., ... & Joan, M. V. (2020). A pilot study of efficacy and safety of Plantago lanceolata and Primula veris, in the treatment of the common cold. Archives of Pharmacy Practice, 11(3-2020), 1-7. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |
766 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for constipation | Constipation | Taken as vegetable to support digestive health. | Cooking | Kunn Haakh | Chenopodium Album | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Bussmann, R. W., & Kikvidze, Z. (2025). Chenopodium album L. Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. Chenopodium polyspermum L. Chenopodium urbicum L. Amaranthaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Eastern Europe: Carpathians (pp. 689-704). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. | Singh, S., Singh, A., Hallan, S. S., Brangule, A., Kumar, B., & Bhatia, R. (2023). A compiled update on nutrition, phytochemicals, processing effects, analytical testing and health effects of Chenopodium album: a non-conventional edible plant (NCEP). Molecules, 28(13), 4902. | Kumawat, R. C., Kotecha, M., & Rath, S. (2017). THE EFFECT OF VASTUKA (CHENOPODIUM ALBUM LINN.) ON BLOOD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL: A RESEARCH STUDY. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
767 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to improve digestion | Indigestion | Taken as vegetable to aid digestive function. | Cooking | Drub Haakh | Polygonum aviculare | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Park, J. Y., Kim, C. S., Park, K. M., & Chang, P. S. (2019). Inhibitory characteristics of flavonol-3-O-glycosides from Polygonum aviculare L.(common knotgrass) against porcine pancreatic lipase. Scientific reports, 9(1), 18080. | Benrahou, K., Driouech, M., El Guourrami, O., Mrabti, H. N., Cherrah, Y., & El Abbes Faouzi, M. (2023). Medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and taxonomy of Poygonum aviculare L.: a comprehensive review. Medicinal Chemistry Research, 32(3), 409-423. | Batsatsashvili, K., Mehdiyeva, N. P., Fayvush, G., Kikvidze, Z., Khutsishvili, M., Maisaia, I., ... & Bussmann, R. W. (2017). Polygonum alpinum All. Polygonum aviculare L. Polygonum carneum C. Koch Polygonum hydropiper L. Polygonaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Caucasus (pp. 509-518). Springer, Cham. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
768 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for joint pain | Joint pain | Taken in powdered form mixed with water. | Water Mix / Oral | Gucchi | Morchella Esculenta | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Kewlani, P., Tiwari, D., Singh, L., Balodi, S., & Bhatt, I. D. (2023). Food and antioxidant supplements with therapeutic properties of Morchella esculenta (Ascomycetes): A review. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 25(9). | Anand, K., Pankaj, & Parbhakar, P. K. (2023, September). Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Morchella esculenta: A review. In AIP conference proceedings (Vol. 2800, No. 1, p. 020287). AIP Publishing LLC. | Paul, N., Slathia, P. S., Vaid, A., & Kumar, R. (2018). Traditional knowledge of gucchi, Morchella esculenta (ascomycetes), in doda district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 20(5). | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
769 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for weakness and poor digestion | Weakness, indigestion | Taken as vegetable and in soup form. | Cooking | Shajkan | Geopora sumneriana | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Sharma, R., Ghosh, S., Hashmi, S. A. J., Acharya, K., & Sharma, Y. P. (2024). Potentiality of Geopora sumneriana against oxidative stress: a case study based on traditional knowledge from India. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 94(3), 497-504. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
770 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for fever | Fever | Used as a spice in vegetables; also useful for fever. | Spice / Fever Relief | Jangli javind | Thymus linearis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Qadir, M. I., Parveen, A., Abbas, K., & Ali, M. (2016). Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities of Thymus linearis. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 29(2), 591-594. | Hussain, Z., Naqvi, S. A. R., Batool, A., Iqbal, M., & Maryam, S. (2024). Antioxidants extraction and heavy metal detection of medicinal plant thymus linearis benth. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL SCIENCES, 5(1), 50-56. | Punetha, A., Chauhan, A., Kumar, D., KT, V., Upadhyay, R. K., & Padalia, R. C. (2022). Productivity and essential oil quality of Himalayan Thyme (Thymus linearis Benth.) in relation to plant densities and drying methods. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 34(3), 262-269. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
771 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wounds | Wounds | Stem and root used together to treat wounds. | Topical Wound Healing | Pambchalan | Rheum emodi Wal | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ahmad, S. B., Rehman, M. U., Ahmad, S. P., Mudasir, S., & Mir, M. R. (2017). Rheum emodi L.(Rhubarb) promotes wound healing by decreasing inflammatory markers and enhancing accumulation of biomolecules. Annals of Phytomedicine, 6(2), 114-118. | Malik, M. A., Bhat, S. A., Fatima, B. I. L. Q. U. E. E. S., Ahmad, S. B., Sidiqui, S., & Shrivastava, P. U. R. N. I. M. A. (2016). Rheum emodi as valuable medicinal plant. Int J Gen Med Pharm, 5(4), 35-44. | Azhar, M., & Anjum, N. (2019). Revand Chini (Chinese rhubarb): A review on historical and unani classical prospect. Int. J. Unani Integr. Med, 3, 11-18. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
772 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for joint pain | Joint pain | Used as paste mixed with mustard oil and applied externally. | Paste / Oil Mix | Kukli -poth | Cuscuta reflexa | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Alamgeer, Niazi, S. G., Uttra, A. M., Qaiser, M. N., & Ahsan, H. (2017). Appraisal of anti-arthritic and nephroprotective potential of Cuscuta reflexa. Pharmaceutical biology, 55(1), 792-798. | Mushtaq, A. A. M. I. R., Rashid, S. A. R. A. H., Jamil, M. E. H. W. I. S. H., Anwar, R. U. K. H. S. A. N. A., & Khawaja, N. R. (2017). Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of Trapa bispinosa, Chenopodium album and Cuscuta reflexa. Int. J. Biol. Pharm. Allied Sci, 6, 608-622. | Udavant, P., Upasani, C., Satyanarayana, S. V., & Kshirsagar, S. (2018). Evaluation of protective effects of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. against FCA induced arthritis in rats. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
773 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication for joint pain | Joint pain | Used to relieve joint pain, applied in powdered or paste form. | Powder / Paste | Thoul Bobul | Cotula anthemoides L | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Lone, P. A., & Bhardwaj, A. K. (2013). Ethnomedicinal uses of certain locally available plants of Bandipora district of Jammu & Kashmir, India. International journal of medicinal and aromatic plants, 3(4), 470-85. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
774 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional herb for hair growth | Hair loss | Used to promote hair growth and treat dandruff. | Hair Growth / Dandruff | Zeou Noor | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
775 | Kashmir | ANimal Health | Ethnoveterinary remedy for calcium deficiency in animals | Calcium deficiency in livestock | Administered as decoction to treat calcium deficiency. | Calcium Tonic / Decoction | Kaw Ashud | Geranium wallichianum | 🟤 Brown | Khan, F. S., Akram, M., Khaliq, A., Tahir, M. M., AHMED, I., Hamid, A., ... & Aftab, A. (2025). Phytochemical composition, heavy metals analysis and cytotoxicity by DNA prevention measurement of crude ethanolic extract of Geranium wallichianum, Elaeagnus parvifolia, and Taraxacum officinale. Pak. J. Bot, 57(1), 211-216. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
776 | Kashmir | ANimal Health | Ethnoveterinary remedy for milk deficiency in cows | Low milk production | Given to cows to increase milk yield. | Veterinary Tonic | Palohot | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
777 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication for wound healing | Wound healing | Used to treat wounds. | Topical Wound Care | Kalvloth | Prunella Vulgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
778 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication for toothache | Toothache | Ground into powder and used to relieve toothache. | Oral | Datur | Datura stramonium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Rukshana Bano | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
779 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication for wounds | Wound healing | Applied to wounds for healing. | Topical Wound Care | Shah li loot | Morus macroura | ⚫ Black | Least Concern | Anjum, S., Khan, A. K., Qamar, A., Fatima, N., Drouet, S., Renouard, S., ... & Hano, C. (2021). Light tailoring: Impact of UV-C irradiation on biosynthesis, physiognomies, and clinical activities of Morus macroura-mediated monometallic (Ag and ZnO) and bimetallic (Ag–ZnO) nanoparticles. International journal of molecular sciences, 22(20), 11294. | Inayat, I., Ahmad, S. N., Muqaddas, I., Suleman, S., Siddique, S., Batool, A. I., ... & Ahmad, K. R. (2020). Hepato-protective capacity of Morus (Morusmacroura) fruit extract against lead treated mice: A histopathological study. Int J Biosci, 16, 485-495. | Zomuansangi, R., Singh, A., & Yadav, M. K. (2025). Antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of Morus macroura against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IJBB), 62(6), 665-675. | Rukshana Bano | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
780 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional treatment for wounds | Wounds | Used to treat burns and non-healing wounds. | Burn Treatment | Zakmi hayat | Rheum emodi | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Rukshana Bano | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
781 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wounds | Wounds | Ground into paste and applied to wounds. | Paste | Bergenia ligulata | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Gurav, S. S., & Gurav, N. S. (2014). A Comprehensive review: Bergenia ligulata Wall-A controversial clinical candidate. International journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research, 5(5), 1630. | Karki, S., Chowdhury, S., Nath, S., Dora, K., & Murmu, P. (2021). Phytochemistry and ethnomedicinal use of Bergenia species-a miraculous herb. Indian J Anim Health, 60(2), 143-52. | Gh Qadir Chopan | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
782 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wounds | Wounds | Powdered and applied to wounds for healing. | Powder / Wound Healing | Haend | Taraxacum officinale | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Rasool, S., & Sharma, B. (2014). Taraxacum officinale: a high value less known medicinal plant. Ann Plant Sci, 3(12), 908-915. | Yoon, H. S., An, H., & Park, C. M. (2023). Anti-metastatic Effect of Taraxacum Officinale Water and Ethanol Extracts Through the Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Huh7 Cells. Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine, 11(3), 59-67. | Rezaei, M., & Kaeidi, A. (2017). Evalution of Hydro-Alcohol Extracts of Plantago lanceolata L, Taraxacum officinale L. And Quercus robur L. in Comparsion with Zinc Oxide on Healing of Skin Wounds in Rats. Caring Today, 10(34-35), 61-70. | Gh Qadir Chopan | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
783 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for abdominal pain | Abdominal pain | Administered as decoction to relieve abdominal pain. | Decoction / Abdominal Pain | Jungle Jiand | Thymus serpyllum L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | MAHEEN, S., MALIK, M. N. H., AHMAD, T., LATIF, F., TABASSUM, N., KHAN, A. Q., ... & ALI, H. (2015). Evaluation of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of Thymus serphyllum Linn. in mice. Acta Pol. Pharm, 72, 113. | Ruiz-Malagón, A. J., Rodríguez-Sanchez, M. J., Rodríguez-Sojo, M. J., Vezza, T., Pischel, I., Algieri, F., ... & Gálvez, J. (2022). Intestinal anti-inflammatory and visceral analgesic effects of a Serpylli herba extract in an experimental model of irritable bowel syndrome in rats. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 967644. | Gh Qadir Chopan | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
784 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tonic for general vitality | General wellness | Given as general tonic post-delivery. | Tonic / Postpartum | Haend | Taraxacum officinale | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Gh Qadir Chopan | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
785 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal supplement for health | Weakness prevention | Used to build muscle strength. Rhizome is massaged on skin to treat boils and blisters. | Strength / Topical Massage | Hapet Gogej | Arisaema jacquemontii) | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Bala, K., Rana, J., & Sagar, A. (2019). Antibacterial and antioxidant potential of Arisaema jacquemontii Blume from Manali, Himachal Pradesh. | Gh Qadir Chopan | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
786 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional herb for hair growth | Hair loss | Applied in the form of oil to promote healthy hair and hair growth. | Hair Growth / Oil | Jungle Rohun | Allium sativum | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Lourith, N., & Kanlayavattanakul, M. (2013). Hair loss and herbs for treatment. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 12(3), 210-222. | Bassino, E., Gasparri, F., & Munaron, L. (2020). Protective role of nutritional plants containing flavonoids in hair follicle disruption: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(2), 523. | Ismil, R., & Ali Besar, N. (2025). Therapeutic, cosmetic, and agricultural applications of Allium sativum L.(garlic) and Allium cepa L.(onion): A review. Egyptian Journal of Botany, 65(1), 303-310. | Gh Qadir Chopan | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
787 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for jaundice | Jaundice | Given orally to cattle to treat internal heat. | Oral / Veterinary Use | Jan e Adam | Ajuga bracteosa | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Ali, T., Jan, I., Bashir, R., Mir, S. A., Ali, S., & Bader, G. N. (2024). Attenuation of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Ajuga bracteosa extract treated mice. Heliyon, 10(13) | Kayani, W. K., Dilshad, E., Ahmed, T., Ismail, H., & Mirza, B. (2016). Evaluation of Ajuga bracteosa for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant and anticoagulant activities. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16(1), 375. | Ganaiea, H. A., Ali, M. N., Ganaib, B. A., Kaura, J., & Ahmadb, M. (2016). Evaluation of Mutagenic and Antimutagenic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Ajuga bracteosa Wall ex. Benth. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 37(2), 156-162. | Gh Qadir Chopan | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
788 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication for pregnancy toxemia in animals | Pregnancy toxemia in livestock | Boiled in water and administered to sheep and goats to cure pregnancy toxemia. | Decoction / Veterinary Use | Mouth | Phaseolus lunatus Lin | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | No Scientific Validation | Gh Qadir Chopan | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
789 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for unhealed wounds | Chronic wounds | Ground into paste and applied to healing wounds. | Paste application | Pumbchala | Rheum emodi | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Malik, M. A., Bhat, S. A., Fatima, B. I. L. Q. U. E. E. S., Ahmad, S. B., Sidiqui, S., & Shrivastava, P. U. R. N. I. M. A. (2016). Rheum emodi as valuable medicinal plant. Int J Gen Med Pharm, 5(4), 35-44. | Handoo, N., Parrah, J. D., Gayas, M. A., Bisma, S., & Mir, M. S. (2018). Effect of Rheum emodi and its extracts on wound healing: A qualitative and quantitative histological study. J Entomol Zool Stud, 6, 1592-1597. | Tabin, S., Gupta, R. C., Kamili, A. N., & Parray, J. A. (2022). Medical and medicinal importance of Rheum spp. collected from different altitudes of the Kashmir Himalayan range. Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports, 2(3), 187-201. | Azar Ahmad | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
790 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Herbal treatment for joint pain | Joint pain | Ground into paste and applied externally to treat joint pain. | Paste application | Kuth | Saussurea lappa | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Critically Endangered | Tag, H. M., Khaled, H. E., Ismail, H. A., & El-Shenawy, N. S. (2016). Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of the ethanolic extract of the Saussurea lappa root (costus) on adjuvant-induced monoarthritis in rats. Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology, 27(1), 71-78. | Feng, D., & Zhu, X. (2021, May). Preventive effect of Saussurea lappa extract on osteoarthritis in mice model through inhibition of NF-κB pathway. In Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics (Vol. 496, No. 1, pp. 56-61). Moscow: Pleiades Publishing. | Zahara, K., Tabassum, S., Sabir, S., Arshad, M., Qureshi, R., Amjad, M. S., & Chaudhari, S. K. (2014). A review of therapeutic potential of Saussurea lappa-An endangered plant from Himalaya. Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine, 7, S60-S69. | Choodej, S., Pudhom, K., & Mitsunaga, T. (2018). Inhibition of TNF-α-induced inflammation by sesquiterpene lactones from Saussurea lappa and semi-synthetic analogues. Planta medica, 84(05), 329-335. | Azar Ahmad | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |
791 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Herbal remedy for general weakness and back pain | General weakness, back pain | Taken orally to treat general weakness and back pain in elderly individuals. | Oral tonic | Kaw Ashud | Geranium wallichianum | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Jabeen, Q., Haider, S. I., Asif, A., Rasheed, R., Gul, S., & Arshad, S. (2022). Geranium wallichianum D. Don Ex Sweet ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis by curtailing the expression of COX-II and inflammatory cytokines as well as by alleviating the oxidative stress. Dose-Response, 20(3), 15593258221112649. | Malik, K., Ahmad, M., Zafar, M., Sultana, S., Tariq, A., & Rashid, N. (2019). Medicinal plants used for treatment of prevalent diseases in Northern Pakistan of Western Himalayas. In Medicinal Plants-use in prevention and treatment of diseases. IntechOpen. | Jan, H. A., Hussain, W., Abbasi, A. M., Kunwar, R. M., Bussmann, R. W., & Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y. (2020). Geranium collinum Stephan ex Willd. Geranium nepalense Sweet Geranium wallichianum D. Don ex Sweet Geraniaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Himalayas (pp. 1-9). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Azar Ahmad | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
792 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional spice used to support digestion | Indigestion | Used to treat internal heat in cattle. | Veterinary tonic | Jungle pran | Allium cepa var | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Bhattacharjee, S., Sultana, A., Sazzad, M. H., Islam, M. A., Ahtashom, M., & Asaduzzaman, M. (2013). Analysis of the proximate composition and energy values of two varieties of onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs of different origin: A comparative study. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2(5), 246-253. | Moreno-Ortega, A., Ordóñez, J. L., Moreno-Rojas, R., Moreno-Rojas, J. M., & Pereira-Caro, G. (2021). Changes in the organosulfur and polyphenol compound profiles of black and fresh onion during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Foods, 10(2), 337. | Ullah, H., Minno, A. D., Santarcangelo, C., Tantipongpiradet, A., Dacrema, M., Matteo, R. D., ... & Daglia, M. (2022). In vitro bioaccessibility and anti-inflammatory activity of a chemically characterized Allium cepa L. extract rich in quercetin derivatives optimized by the design of experiments. Molecules, 27(24), 9065. | Azar Ahmad | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
793 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary remedy for internal cold in cattle | Cold in livestock | Used to treat internal cold in cattle. | Veterinary tonic | Durhama | Azar Ahmad | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
794 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication for hair fall and dandruff | Hair fall, dandruff | Used to promote hair growth and reduce dandruff. | Hair treatment | Kukli -pot | Cuscuta reflexa | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern. | Patel, S., Sharma, V., Chauhan, N. S., & Dixit, V. K. (2014). A study on the extracts of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. in treatment of cyclophosphamide induced alopecia. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22(1), 7. | Anjum, F., Bukhari, S. A., Shahid, M., Bokhari, T. H., & Talpur, M. M. A. (2014). Exploration of nutraceutical potential of herbal oil formulated from parasitic plant. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 11(1), 78-86. | Pandit, S., Chauhan, N. S., & Dixit, V. K. (2008). Effect of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb on androgen‐induced alopecia. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 7(3), 199-204. | Javeed Ahmad Quarashi | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
795 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Herbal tonic for pregnant women | Prenatal care | Used as a post-delivery tonic for women. | Postpartum tonic | Haend | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | LC (Least Concern) | Jan, M., Khare, R. K., & Mir, T. A. (2021). Medicinal plants used during pregnancy and childbirth in Baramulla District of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 22, 1-19. | Sweeney, B., Vora, M., Ulbricht, C., & Basch, E. (2005). Evidence-based systematic review of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) by natural standard research collaboration. Journal of herbal pharmacotherapy, 5(1), 79-93. | Tahtamouni, L. H., Alqurna, N. M., Al-Hudhud, M. Y., & Al-Hajj, H. A. (2011). Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) decreases male rat fertility in vivo. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 135(1), 102-109. | Javeed Ahmad Quarashi | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
796 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Herbal remedy for coldness in animals | Cold in livestock | Decoction is given to animals to treat coldness. | Veterinary decoction | Ratan Jot | Geranium pretense L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Near Threatened | Javeed Ahmad Quarashi | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
797 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for abdominal swelling in animals | Abdominal swelling (veterinary) | Decoction is administered to treat abdominal swelling and cramps. | Decoction | Tethwan | Artemisia absinthium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC). | Beigh, Y. A., & Ganai, A. M. (2017). Potential of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium Linn.) herb for use as additive in livestock feeding: A review. The pharma innovation, 6(8, Part C), 176. | Boeing, T., de Souza, J., da Silva, R. D. C. V., Mariano, L. N. B., da Silva, L. M., Gerhardt, G. M., ... & de Souza, P. (2023). Gastroprotective effect of Artemisia absinthium L.: A medicinal plant used in the treatment of digestive disorders. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 312, 116488. | Kauser, S., Mughees, M., Swami, S., & Wajid, S. (2023). Pre-clinical toxicity assessment of Artemisia absinthium extract-loaded polymeric nanoparticles associated with their oral administration. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 14, 1196842. | Javeed Ahmad Quarashi | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
798 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal paste for boils and wound cleansing | Boils, skin wounds | Powder mixed with a little oil and water is applied to painful boils and wounds to clear impurities. | Paste application | Pambchalan | Rheum emodi Wall | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Endangered | Tabin, S., Gupta, R. C., Kamili, A. N., & Parray, J. A. (2022). Medical and medicinal importance of Rheum spp. collected from different altitudes of the Kashmir Himalayan range. Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports, 2(3), 187-201. | Tabin, S., Gupta, R. C., & Kamili, A. N. Analysis Of Anthraquinones Present In Wild Rheum Species Found On Different High Altitudes Of Kashmir Himalayan Range. | Ab Rasheed Wani | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
799 | Kashmir | Human Health | Gull leaves and seeds used for urinary and liver disorders | Urinary infection, liver disorder | Cooked leaves are used for treating urinary infection; seeds are used to treat liver disorders. | Cooked remedy | Gull | plantago lanceolata | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC). | Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Bussmann, R. W., Kikvidze, Z., & Khojimatov, O. K. (2024). Plantago lanceolata L. Plantago major L. Plantago media L. Plantaginaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Eastern Europe: Carpathians (pp. 1-23). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Zangana, M., & Jamal, A. (2021). In Vivo Treatment of Giardia lamblia by Plantago lanceolata L. extract and Investigation some Serological Parameters and Histopathological Changes. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 15(2). | Mohammad, A. J. (2012). Study the therapeutic role of Alcoholic Extract of Plantago lanceolata aganist infection with Staphylococcus saprophyticus: Hassan A. Abdul–Ratha¹ and Aseel J. Mohammad². The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 36(0E), 8-15. | Nisar ah shah | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
800 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication for boils, burns, and scars | Boils, burns, scars | Leaves and resin of Kairu are made into a paste with milk cream and applied to boils, burns, and scars. | Paste application | Kairu | Pinus wallichiana | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern. | Heinrich, M., Jiang, H., Scotti, F., Booker, A., Walt, H., Weckerle, C., & Maake, C. (2021). Medicinal plants from the Himalayan region for potential novel antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory skin treatments. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 73(7), 956-967. | Kaushik, P., Kaushik, D., & Khokra, S. L. (2013). Ethnobotany and phytopharmacology of Pinus roxburghii Sargent: a plant review. Journal of integrative medicine, 11(6), 371-376. | Javed, B., Seerat, W., Sarwer, A., & Mashwani, Z. U. R. (2020). Ethnopharmacological approaches of the native hill people of Murree and Kotli Sattian, District Rawalpindi, Province of Punjab, Pakistan. Botany Letters, 167(4), 485-501. | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
801 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for digestive problems | Indigestion | Used to treat digestive disorders. | Oral remedy | Kasini Handh | Wild Endive | Cichorium intybus L | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Janda, K., Gutowska, I., Geszke-Moritz, M., & Jakubczyk, K. (2021). The common cichory (Cichorium intybus L.) as a source of extracts with health-promoting properties—a review. Molecules, 26(6), 1814. | Naveed, M. T. (2017). Chicory (Cichorium intybus) herb: Chemical composition, pharmacology, nutritional and healthical applications. International Journal of Pharmacology. | Al-Snafi, A. E. (2016). Medical importance of Cichorium intybus–A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 6(3), 41-56. | Zaman, R., & Basar, S. N. (2013). A review article of Beekhe Kasni (Cichorium intybus) its traditional uses and pharmacological actions. Res J Pharm Sci, 2319, 555X. | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
802 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tonic for liver health | Liver disorders | Used as a liver tonic. | Oral tonic | kasini Handh | Wild Endive | Cichorium intybus L | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Naveed, M. T. (2017). Chicory (Cichorium intybus) herb: Chemical composition, pharmacology, nutritional and healthical applications. International Journal of Pharmacology. | Elgengaihi, S., Mossa, A. T. H., Refaie, A. A., & Aboubaker, D. (2016). Hepatoprotective efficacy of Cichorium intybus L. extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats. Journal of dietary supplements, 13(5), 570-584. | Li, G. Y., Gao, H. Y., Huang, J., Lu, J., Gu, J. K., & Wang, J. H. (2014). Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus L., a traditional Uighur medicine, against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG, 20(16), 4753. | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
803 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for postpartum recovery | Postnatal recovery | Used to treat kidney disorders and improve postnatal recovery in women. | Oral tonic | wappal haakh | Himalayan Teasel | Dipsacus Inermis | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | not evaluated | Jan, M., Mir, T. A., Jan, H. A., Bussmann, R. W., & Aneaus, S. (2023). Ethnomedicinal study of plants utilized in pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum healthcare in Kashmir Himalaya. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 42, 100767. | Singh, B. P., Devashree, Y., Sharna, V., & Manhas, R. K. (2023). Diversity of wild edible plants and fungi consumed by semi-nomadic Gaddi and Sippi tribes in Doda district of Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 25, 1-33. | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
804 | Kashmir | Human Health | Root paste for healing boils | Boils, skin infection | Fresh roots are ground into paste and applied to boils and wounds. | Pumba chalan | Himalayan Rhubarb | Rheum emodi Wall | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Vulnerable | Handoo, N., Parrah, J. D., Athar, H., Abrar Gayas, M., Imtiyaz, T., & Bisma, S. (2018). Wound healing and anti-bacterial efficacy of Rheum emodi and its different extracts on excisional wounds in rabbits. J Entomol Zoology Stud, 6, 1204-1213. | Malik, M. A., Bhat, S. A., Fatima, B. I. L. Q. U. E. E. S., Ahmad, S. B., Sidiqui, S., & Shrivastava, P. U. R. N. I. M. A. (2016). Rheum emodi as valuable medicinal plant. Int J Gen Med Pharm, 5(4), 35-44. | Tabin, S., Gupta, R. C., Kamili, A. N., & Parray, J. A. (2022). Medical and medicinal importance of Rheum spp. collected from different altitudes of the Kashmir Himalayan range. Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports, 2(3), 187-201. | Tabin, S., Gupta, R. C., & Kamili, A. N. Analysis Of Anthraquinones Present In Wild Rheum Species Found On Different High Altitudes Of Kashmir Himalayan Range. | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
805 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal application for dandruff and lice removal | Dandruff, lice | Used to treat hair fall, dandruff, and to remove external pests (lice). | Zovnure | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||||
806 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication for stomach pain and infections | Stomach pain, infections | Powdered and taken with water to treat abdominal and stomach pain, and infections. | Patrees | Indian Aconite | Aconitum heterophyllum | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Endangered (EN) | Talreja, S., & Tiwari, S. (2023). A comprehensive review of Aconitum heterophyllum. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences, 8(10), 195-201. | Prasad, S. K., Jain, D., Patel, D. K., Sahu, A. N., & Hemalatha, S. (2014). Antisecretory and antimotility activity of Aconitum heterophyllum and its significance in treatment of diarrhea. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 46(1), 82-87. | Ali, S., Chouhan, R., Sultan, P., Hassan, Q. P., & Gandhi, S. G. (2023). A comprehensive review of phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of the genus Aconitum L. Advances in Traditional Medicine, 23(2), 299-320. | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
807 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal bath solution for skin ailments | Skin infection/inflammation | Boiled in water; the decoction is used as a bath for skin conditions. | Thulbabil/ Bobul | Babuna | Cotula anthemoides L | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Lone, P. A., & Rather, G. H. (2020). Documentation of traditional knowledge related to medicinal plants used against skin disorders from Bandipora district, northern part of Jammu & Kashmir, India. Journal of Traditional and Folk Practices (JTFP), 8(2). | Mahato, G., Mahato, R. K., & Hansda, B. (2023). Analysis of Phytoconstituents, Antioxidant and Anti-bacterial Properties of an Ethnobotanical Herb Cotula anthemoides L. Occurring in Purulia District of West Bengal, India. Pharmacognosy Research, 16(1). | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
808 | Kashmir | Human Health | Toothache remedy using seeds | Toothache | Ground and formed into a ball with water; applied to affected area (e.g., dental issues). | Datur | Thorn apple | Datura stramonium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | least concern | Gaire, B. P., & Subedi, L. (2013). A review on the pharmacological and toxicological aspects of Datura stramonium L. Journal of integrative medicine, 11(2), 73-79. | Megersa, M., Jima, T. T., & Goro, K. K. (2019). The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of toothache in Ethiopia. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019(1), 2645174. | Soni, P., Siddiqui, A. A., Dwivedi, J., & Soni, V. (2012). Pharmacological properties of Datura stramonium L. as a potential medicinal tree: an overview. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2(12), 1002-1008. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
809 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used fresh or made into hay. | Dramun | Bermuda grass | Cynodon dactylon | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Hardin, A. C., Goetsch, A. L., Landis, K. M., Murphy, G. E., Johnson, Z. B., & Hall, K. L. (1989). Intake, digestion and daily gain by cattle consuming bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and supplemented with different combinations of ground corn, vegetable oil, urea, and corn gluten and blood meals. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 25(1-2), 99-110. | Ramírez, R. G., González-Rodríguez, H., & García-Dessommes, G. (2003). Nutrient digestion of common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) Pers growing in northeastern Mexico. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 23(1), 93-102. | Silva, J. C. D., Véras, A. C., Carvalho, F. R. D., Ferreira, M. A., Souza, E. O. D., Barreto, L. G., ... & Silva, J. V. D. (2017). Nutritional value, performance, feeding behavior and serum biochemical profile of sheep fed with alfalfa hay replacing Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) hay. Chilean journal of agricultural research, 77(4), 340-345. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
810 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Boosts milk yield | Milk production in cattle | Used as fresh green fodder. | Dadije | Milk Thistle | lactuca serriola | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Abdul-Jalil, T. Z. (2020). Lactuca serriola: Short review of its phytochemical and pharmacological profiles. Intl. J. Drug Deliv. Technol, 10(3), 505-508 | QUAIL, W. T. J. EFFECT OF FREE CHOICE FEEDING BASED ON EMMER, TRITICALE. SCIENTIFIC PAPERS, 113. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
811 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Highly nutritious herbal animal feed | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal fodder. | Mohar Munj | Wild Carrot | daucus carota | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Surbhi, S., Verma, R. C., Deepak, R., Jain, H. K., & Yadav, K. K. (2018). A review: Food, chemical composition and utilization of carrot (Daucus carota L.) pomace. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 6(3), 2921-2926. | Nuriyasa, I. M., Puspani, E., & Yupardhi, W. S. (2018). Performance and carcass of local rabbit (Lepus nigricollis) fed concentrate on different levels based on carrot leaf waste (Daucus carota L.). International journal of life sciences, 2(3), 13-19. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
812 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach cleansing | Digestive detox | Juice extracted from crushed fresh leaves is diluted in water and consumed. | Tathwain | Wormwood | Artemisia absinthium | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC). | Boeing, T., de Souza, J., da Silva, R. D. C. V., Mariano, L. N. B., da Silva, L. M., Gerhardt, G. M., ... & de Souza, P. (2023). Gastroprotective effect of Artemisia absinthium L.: A medicinal plant used in the treatment of digestive disorders. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 312, 116488. | Pazhouh, H. K., Hamedi, S., Hosseini, S. M. A. R., Taghipour, A., Javadi, B., & Noras, M. (2020). Gastrointestinal effects of Artemisia absinthium Linn. based on traditional Persian medicine and new studies. Traditional Medicine Research, 5(6), 498-506. | Szopa, A., Pajor, J., Klin, P., Rzepiela, A., Elansary, H. O., Al-Mana, F. A., ... & Ekiert, H. (2020). Artemisia absinthium L.—Importance in the history of medicine, the latest advances in phytochemistry and therapeutical, cosmetological and culinary uses. Plants, 9(9), 1063. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
813 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Animal fodder that increases milk production | Milk yield in livestock | Used as roughage for cattle. | Haath Mool | common vervain | Verbena officinalis L | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No Scientific Validation | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
814 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Fodder for livestock | Livestock feed | Made into hay or grass blocks for cattle feed. | Baad Gul | broadleaf plantain | Plantago major L | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Al-Marashdeh, O., Cameron, K., Hodge, S., Gregorini, P., & Edwards, G. (2021). Integrating plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) into New Zealand grazing dairy system: The effect on farm productivity, profitability, and nitrogen losses. Animals, 11(2), 376. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
815 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tonic to reduce weakness | General weakness | Consumed ripe or prepared as jam. | Wild strawberry | Wild strawberry | Fragaria nubicola (Rosaceae) | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ahmed, M., Bose, I., Goksen, G., & Roy, S. (2023). Himalayan Sources of Anthocyanins and Its Multifunctional Applications: A Review. Foods 2023, 12, 2203. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
816 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for respiratory conditions | Respiratory tract infection | Decoction is given orally. | Shallut | Asthmaweed | Conyza bonariensis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | de Paula, C. C., Martins, D. T. D. O., Arunachalam, K., Balogun, S. O., Borges, Q. I., Picone, M. G., ... & da Silva Prado, R. M. (2018). Antimicrobial screening of medicinal plants popularly used in Mato Grosso for treating infections: advances on the evaluation of Conyza bonariensis (L.) cronquist in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities. Pharmacognosy Journal, 10(6s). | Mpenda, F. N., Nsindagi, S. P., & Mpinda, C. B. (2023). Chemical profiling and antimicrobial potential of crude extract and essential oil from Conyza bonariensis leaves. Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences, 4(03), 136-150. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
817 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for anemia | Anaemia | Consumed ripe or prepared as squash or jam. | Chanch | thornless blackberry | Rubus ulmifolius | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Near Threatened. | Mehiou, A., Dib, I., Berraaouan, A., Ziyyat, A., Elachouri, M., & Bussmann, R. W. (2024). Rubus idaeus L. Rubus ulmifolius Schott. Rubus vulgaris Weihe & Nees Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of Northern Africa and Levant (pp. 1811-1825). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
818 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for mouth ulcers | Mouth ulcers | Paste is applied around the affected area. | Kamai | black nightshade | Solanum migrum | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC). | Nyeem, M., Rashid, A., Nowrose, M., & Hossain, M. (2017). Solanum nigrum (Maku): A review of pharmacological activities and clinical effects. International journal of applied research, 3, 12-17. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
819 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Herbal animal feed for reducing weakness | Livestock weakness | Eaten ripe. | Anjeer | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern. | Ewegbemi, O., Osowe, C., Olajide, O., Adu, O., & Chineke, C. (2024). PROXIMATE AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF FICUS SPECIES COMPOSITE LEAF POWDER. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production. https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.vi.7066. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
820 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for chest congestion | Chest congestion | Decoction is given orally. | Zarkash | Descuraina Millefolia | ⚫ Black | not evaluated | No Scientific Validation | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
821 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for mouth ulcers | Mouth ulcers | Paste is applied externally on affected areas. | Cxukchine | Erect Prickly Pear | Oxalis Stricta | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC). | Zeytinoğlu, M., Çınaroğlu, O., Bora, E., & Erbaş, O. (2025). Healing with Love: Oxytocin Accelerates Oral Ulcer Recovery by Reducing Inflammation. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14082667. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
822 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for physical injuries | Injury | Paste is applied to injury-prone areas. | Kalvloth | common self-heal, heal-all, woundwort | Prunella valgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC). | Zhao, Z., Li, X., Zha, Z., Cui, B., & Li, Y. (2021). A Clinical Observation and Study on Prunella Vulgaris Decoction in Promoting the Repair of Chronic Infective Refractory Wounds. , 10, 10-14. https://doi.org/10.18686/AEM.V10I3.199. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
823 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herball medication for skin care | Skincare | Ground with water; the solution is applied to the affected skin. | Cxeer Kul | Common Cocklebur | Xanthium strumarium | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Zhao, Z., Han, S., Feng, W., Zhang, Z., Shen, S., Huang, H., & Wu, J. (2025). Xanthium strumarium/gelatin methacryloyl based hydrogels with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties for diabetic wound healing via akt/mtor pathway.. International journal of biological macromolecules, 140186 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140186. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
824 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for menstrual health | Menstrual disorder | Prepared as herbal tea (boiled in water), consumed without milk. | Kahaw ghass | White Dead Nettle | Lamium album | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC). | Kelayeh, T. P. S., Abedinzade, M., & Ghorbani, A. (2019). A review on biological effects of Lamium album (white dead nettle) and its components. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 8(3), 185-193. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
825 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal preparation used as tonic | General wellness | Boiled and consumed. | Bagle dal | Broad Bean | Vicia faba | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern. | Ogbole, O. O., Akin-Ajani, O. D., Ajala, T. O., Ogunniyi, Q. A., Fettke, J., & Odeku, O. A. (2023). Nutritional and pharmacological potentials of orphan legumes: Subfamily faboideae. Heliyon, 9(4). | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
826 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Animal fodder | Livestock feed | Consumed raw. | Drub Ghases | Common Lawn Grass | Cynodon dactylon | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Packialakshmi, M., Divya, M., Baranidharan, K., Geetha, S., Ganesan, K., Vijayabhama, M., Manivasakan, S., Hemalatha, P., Radha, P., Tilak, M., Priyanka, V., Krishnamoorthi, S., Vinothini, B., Zende, J., & Rajput, N. (2022). Exploring the Nutritional Potential of Wild Grass Fodder for Mega Herbivore (Elephas maximus) in the Foothills of Western Ghats. Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192668. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
827 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Animal fodder | Livestock feed | Used as fresh or dried fodder for cattle. | Batak Lyunt | Red Clover | Trifolium pratense | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Zgórka, G., & Maciejewska-Turska, M. (2021). Cultivation and Utilization of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Sustainable Development and Biodiversity. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74779-4_10. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
828 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for fatigue and depression | Fatigue, depression | Given raw. | Gand Soy | Catnip | Nepeta cataria L. | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern. | Bernardi, M., Bernardi, M., Kirsten, T., Salzgeber, S., Ricci, E., Romoff, P., Lago, J., & Lourenço, L. (2010). Antidepressant-like effects of an apolar extract and chow enriched with Nepeta cataria (catnip) in mice. Psychology and Neuroscience, 3, 251-258. https://doi.org/10.3922/J.PSNS.2010.2.015. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
829 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for cancer treatment | Cancer support | Prepared as an edible vegetable. | Tsochal | Common Mallow | Malva neglecta L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Arslan, İ., Kaya, Ö., & Çeli̇k, T. (2023). PHYTOCHEMICALANALYSIS OF ACTIVE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN SOME PLANTS USED AS TRADITIONAL FOLK DRUGS FOR CANCER AND LITERATURE REVIEW OF THEIR ANTI-CANCER EFFECTS. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2106_59015914. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
830 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for indigestion | Indigestion | Cooked and consumed as vegetables. | Bari Kul | Basil | Ocimum Basilicus | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Bhat, G., Majeed, H., Islam, M., Rather, T., Bakshi, M., Shahkhan, F., & Bhat, R. (2020). Indigenous medicinal practices of Ocimum basilicum L. in rural Kashmir. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9, 1876-1881. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
831 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for chest infections | Chest infection | Decoction is given for therapeutic use. | Kecx Kul | Himalayan Indigo | Indigofera heterantha | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Not scientific validation | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
832 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal Tea | antioxidant tea | Prepared as green tea. | Bhang Kul | Marijuana | Cannabis Sativa Indica | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Hazekamp, A., Bastola, K., Rashidi, H., Bender, J., & Verpoorte, R. (2007). Cannabis tea revisited: a systematic evaluation of the cannabinoid composition of cannabis tea. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 113(1), 85-90. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
833 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Animal fodder | Livestock feed | Consumed raw. | Durham | witchgrass | Panicum Capillare | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Aganga, A. A., & Tshwenyane, S. (2004). Potentials of guinea grass (Panicum maximum) as forage crop in livestock production. Pakistan journal of nutrition, 3(1), 1-4. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
834 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for digestive disorders | Digestive issues | Used as vegetables. | Kunn | Kashmir Elder | Sambucus Wightiana | ⚫ Black | Least Concern (LC) | Chashoo, I. A., Wani, S. U. D., Raja, W. Y., Bhat, Z. A., Ali, M., Alshehri, S., ... & Shakeel, F. (2023). Physicochemical characterization, phytochemical analysis, and pharmacological evaluation of Sambucus wightiana. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 16(10), 105170. | Khuda, F., Haq, Z. U., Ilahi, I., Ullah, R., Khan, A., Fouad, H., ... & Batiha, G. E. S. (2021). Synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Sambucus wightiana extract and investigation of its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and analgesic activities. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 14(10), 103343. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
835 | Kashmir | industrail aplicabity | Traditional dye for wood and fabrics | Non-medicinal (dye use) | Boiled in water; concentrated solution is used as natural dye. | Phak Ghass | Stinking Chamomile | Anthemis cotula L. | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Mia, R., Bakar, M., Islam, M., & Ahmed, T. (2023). Eco-friendly coloration from mahogany wood waste for sustainable dyeing of organic nonwoven cotton fabric. Results in Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101032. | Risnasari, I., Fachrudin, K., Sitinjak, R., Rangkuti, F., & Handoyo, A. (2025). Potential of Malacca (Phyllanthus emblica L.) wood extracts as natural dyes for textiles. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1445. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1445/1/012039. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
836 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for knee pain and weakness | Joint pain, weakness | Boiled and made into paste for topical application. | Hand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Martínez, M., Poirrier, P., Chamy, R., Prüfer, D., Schulze-Gronover, C., Jorquera, L., & Ruiz, G. (2015). Taraxacum officinale and related species-An ethnopharmacological review and its potential as a commercial medicinal plant.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 169, 244-62 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.067. | Hao, F., Deng, X., Yu, X., Wang, W., Yan, W., Zhao, X., Wang, X., Bai, C., Wang, Z., & Han, L. (2024). Taraxacum: A Review of Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activity.. The American journal of Chinese medicine, 1-33 . https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X24500083. | posha begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
837 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Animal feed | Livestock nutrition | Consumed raw. | Mazan | Summer Cypress | Bassia Scoparia | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Oliveira, M., Hoste, H., & Custódio, L. (2020). A systematic review on the ethnoveterinary uses of Mediterranean salt-tolerant plants: exploring its potential use as fodder, nutraceuticals or phytotherapeutics in ruminant production.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 113464 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113464. | posha begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
838 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal preparation used as tonic | General tonic | Taken in the form of juice. | Mishri Grass | Sweet Cherry | Prunus Avium | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Hussain, S., Javed, M., Abid, M. A., Khan, M. A., Syed, S. K., Faizan, M., & Feroz, F. (2021). Prunus avium L.; Phytochemistry, nutritional and pharmacological review. Advancements in Life Sciences, 8(4), 307-314. | Bussmann, R. W., Batsatsashvili, K., Kikvidze, Z., Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Khutsishvili, M., Maisaia, I., ... & Tchelidze, D. (2020). Prunus avium (L.) L. Prunus cerasus L. Prunus divaricata Ledeb. Prunus domestica L. Prunus insititia L. Prunus laurocerasus L. Prunus padus L. Prunus vachuschtii Bregadze Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Far Eastern Europe: Ural, Northern Caucasus, Turkey, and Iran (pp. 1-17). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | posha begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
839 | Kashmir | Human Health | tonic | General tonic | Taken in the form of juice. | Ganhar | green amaranth | Amaranthaceae | 🟤 Brown | Not Applicable (N/A) | Mroczek, A. (2015). Phytochemistry and bioactivity of triterpene saponins from Amaranthaceae family. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(4), 577-605. | posha begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
840 | Kashmir | Human Health | Hair care treatment to reduce hair fall | Hair fall | Dried, powdered, and added to hair oil to treat dandruff or hair issues. | Kukli port | Cuscuta reflexa | Cuscuta reflexa | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Pandit, S., Chauhan, N. S., & Dixit, V. K. (2008). Effect of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb on androgen‐induced alopecia. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 7(3), 199-204. | Patel, S., Sharma, V., Chauhan, N. S., & Dixit, V. K. (2014). A study on the extracts of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. in treatment of cyclophosphamide induced alopecia. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22(1), 7. | Patel, S., Sharma, V., S. Chauhan, N., Thakur, M., & Dixit, V. K. (2015). Hair growth: focus on herbal therapeutic agent. Current drug discovery technologies, 12(1), 21-42. | Patel, S., Sharma, V., Chauhan, N. S., & Dixit, V. K. (2014). A study on the extracts of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. in treatment of cyclophosphamide induced alopecia. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22(1), 7. | posha Begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |
841 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal energy booster | Weakness, fatigue | Leaves of meethi are boiled and ground into paste for application. | Methi | Fenugreek | Trigonella Foenum Graecum | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Park, J. H., & Kim, I. H. (2015). Interactive effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed extract supplementation and dietary metabolisable energy levels on the growth performance, total tract digestibility, blood profiles, and excreta gas emission in broiler chickens. Animal Production Science, 56(10), 1677-1682. | Yadav, U. C., & Baquer, N. Z. (2014). Pharmacological effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. in health and disease. Pharmaceutical biology, 52(2), 243-254. | posha begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
842 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for hair fall | Hair fall | Boiled in water or its juice is added to oil and applied externally. | Pran | Onion | Allium cepa var. proliferum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Upadhyay, R. K. (2016). Nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and therapeutic uses of Allium cepa: A review. International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP), 10(1). | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
843 | Kashmir | Human Health | Anaemia remedy that also reduces weakness | Anaemia, weakness | Ripe fruits are eaten directly. | Kashmiri Pomegranate | Pomegranate | Punica granatum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Urbaniak, A., Basta, P., Ast, K., Wołoszyn, A., Kuriańska–Wołoszyn, J., Latour, E., & Skarpańska–Stejnborn, A. (2018). The impact of supplementation with pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) juice on selected antioxidant parameters and markers of iron metabolism in rowers. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15(1), 35. | Hafiz, T. A., Mubaraki, M. A., Al-Quraishy, S., & Dkhil, M. A. (2016). The potential role of Punica granatum treatment on murine malaria-induced hepatic injury and oxidative stress. Parasitology research, 115(4), 1427-1433. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
844 | Kashmir | Human Health | Iron-rich vegetable for pregnant women | Anaemia (prenatal) | Given as cooked vegetables to pregnant women to treat low iron levels. | Wast Hak | Redroot Pigweed | Amaranthus dubius | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Nyonje, W. A. (2022). Phenotypic based characterization of nutritional and bioactive traits of amaranth vegetable for improved iron bioavailability and acceptability (Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT-AGRICULTURE). | Macharia-Mutie, C. W. (2012). Efficacy of amaranth grain (Amaranthus cruentus) on anaemia and iron deficiency in Kenyan pre-school children. Wageningen University and Research. | Ruth, O. N., Unathi, K., Nomali, N., & Chinsamy, M. (2021). Underutilization versus nutritional-nutraceutical potential of the Amaranthus food plant: a mini-review. Applied Sciences, 11(15), 6879. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
845 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal Tea | reduce stress. | Used in tea to reduce stress. | Gulal Kul | Common Poppy | Papaver Rhoeas L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Hmamou, A., El-Assri, E. M., El Khomsi, M., Kara, M., Alshawwa, S. Z., Al Kamaly, O., ... & Lahkimi, A. (2023). Papaver rhoeas L. stem and flower extracts: Anti-struvite, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antidepressant activities. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 31(8), 101686. | Kim, H., Han, S., Song, K., Lee, M. Y., Park, B., Ha, I. J., & Lee, S. G. (2021). Ethyl acetate fractions of Papaver rhoeas L. and Papaver nudicaule L. exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Antioxidants, 10(12), 1895. | Hmamou, A., El Khomsi, M., El-Assri, E. M., Kara, M., El Ouadrhiri, F., Bendaoud, A., ... & Lahkimi, A. (2024). Chemical characterization, anti-struvite crystal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antidepressant activities of Papaver rhoeas L. root and leaf extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 319, 117208. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
846 | Kashmir | Medicinal uses not specified | Not documented | Ground into a paste and applied. | Tiptas Kul | Small balsam | Impatiens parriflora | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||
847 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache | Toothache | Used to make miswak for brushing teeth. | Kreel Weer | willow | Salix alba var | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Radvar, M., Moeintaghavi, A., Tafaghodi, M., Ghanbari, H., Fatemi, K., Mokhtari, M. R., ... & Farazi, F. (2016). Clinical efficacy of an herbal mouth wash composed of Salix alba, Malva sylvestrais and Althaea officinalis in chronic periodontitis patients. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 6(1), 24-27. | Suman, R., & Dhatwalia, S. K. (2024). A comprehensive systematic review of plant species utilized for dental care management in Himachal Pradesh, India. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 28, 1-22. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
848 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle feed | Livestock nutrition | Consumed raw. | Hoone Wisk | Barley Brome | Bromus Hordeaceus | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Scholz, H. (2008). Some comments on the genus Bromus (Poaceae) and three new species. Willdenowia, 38(2), 411-422. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
849 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for skin redness | Skin irritation | Used topically in the form of paste. | Cxari Saban | Scarlet Pimpernel | Anagallis arvensis | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Saleem, H., Zengin, G., Locatelli, M., Abidin, S. A. Z., & Ahemad, N. (2022). Investigation of phytochemical composition and enzyme inhibitory potential of Anagallis arvensis L. Natural Product Research, 36(14), 3750-3755. | Cavero, R. Y., Akerreta, S., & Calvo, M. I. (2013). Medicinal plants used for dermatological affections in Navarra and their pharmacological validation. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 149(2), 533-542. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
850 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication for urinary infection treatment | Urinary tract infection | Administered as decoction. | Shipatter | Goose Grass | Galium Triflorum | ⚫ Black | Least Concern (LC) | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
851 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for indigestion | Indigestion | Given as decoction for internal use. | Mahare ghass | Hordeum Pusillum | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||
852 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy used as general tonic | General weakness | Ground with honey to form a jelly-like mixture; given by spoon daily. | Kaind Kul | Dog Rose | Rosa Canina | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Negrean, O., Fǎrcaş, A., Nemeș, S., Cic, D., & Socaci, S. (2024). Recent advances and insights into the bioactive properties and applications of Rosa canina L. and its by-products. Heliyon, 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30816. | Khazaei, M., Khazaei, M., & Pazhouhi, M. (2020). AN OVERVIEW OF THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALS OF ROSA CANINA : A TRADITIONALLY VALUABLE HERB. . | Marković, M., Pljevljakušić, D., Nikolić, B., & Rakonjac, L. (2020). Application of dog rose (Rosa canina L.) in ethnomedicine of the Pirot County. , 1-16. https://doi.org/10.5937/pirotzbor2045001m. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
853 | Kashmir | Human Health | Tonic decoction for digestive relief | Digestive issues | Juice/decoction is given orally. | Ring | Howthorn berries | Crataegus oxyacantha | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Mecheri, A., Benabderrahmane, W., Amrani, A., Boubekri, N., Benayache, F., Benayache, S., & Zama, D. (2019). Hepatoprotective Effects of Algerian Crataegus oxyacantha Leaves.. Recent patents on food, nutrition & agriculture, 10 1, 70-75 . https://doi.org/10.2174/2212798410666180730095456. | Kashyap, C. P., Arya, V., & Thakur, N. (2012). Ethnomedicinal and phytopharmacological potential of Crataegus oxyacantha Linn.–A review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(2), S1194-S1199. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
854 | Kashmir | Human Health | Skin care and tonic use | Skin care, general wellness | Paste is massaged onto face. | Jungle gulab safaid | Dog rose/rosehip | Rosa canina | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Ahmad, N., & Anwar, F. (2016). Rose hip (Rosa canina L.) oils. In Essential oils in food preservation, flavor and safety (pp. 667-675). Academic Press. | Johnson, W., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Heldreth, B. (2022). Safety assessment of Rosa canina-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 41(1_suppl), 44S-60S. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
855 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for diarrhea and cramps | Diarrhoea, abdominal cramps | Ground into juice and given orally. | Kaavdash | berberis lycium | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Muhammad Shafeeq-ur-Rahaman, M. S. U. R., Chaudhary, M. A., Bashir Ahmad, B. A., & Alamgeer Alamgeer, A. A. (2013). Rationalization of traditional uses of Berberis lycium in gastrointestinal disorders. | Gilani, S. A., Khan, A. M., Qureshi, R. A., Sherwani, S. K., Ullah Khan, R., & Bokhari, T. Z. (2014). Ethnomedicinal treatment of common gastrointestinal disorders by indigenous people in Pakistan. Adv Biores, 5, 42-49. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
856 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for cough | Cough | Thin slices are sun-dried for winter use. | Bamchoonth | Quince apple | Cydonia oblonga | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Fazeenah, A. A., & Quamri, M. A. (2016). Behidana (Cydonia oblonga Miller)—a review. World J Pharm Res, 5(11), 79-91. | Al-Snafi, A. E. (2016). The medical importance of Cydonia oblonga-A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 6(6), 87-99. | Khoubnasabjafari, M., & Jouyban, A. (2011). A review of phytochemistry and bioactivity of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(16), 3577-3594. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
857 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for indigestion | Indigestion | Fresh fruits are juiced and consumed. | Kecham trail | Crab apple | Malus sylvestris | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient (DD) | Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Bussmann, R. W., & Kikvidze, Z. (2025). Malus baccata Loisel Malus domestica Borkh Malus sylvestris (L.) Miller Malus sieversii M. Roem. Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Eastern Europe: Carpathians (pp. 1665-1682). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. | Bhat, R., Mestha, S., Nagesh, S., Shanbhag, P., Veigas, G., & Kumar, R. (2022). An investigation of ant-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Malus sylvestris fruits in experimental animals. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 9, 606-610. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
858 | Kashmir | Human Health | Spice-based herbal remedy with milk for digestion | Indigestion | Ground into powder and used as spice or tonic with milk. | Jungli Haldi | Wild Turmeric | Curcuma aromatica | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Li, Y., Wo, J. M., Liu, Q., Li, X., & Martin, R. C. (2009). Chemoprotective effects of Curcuma aromatica on esophageal carcinogenesis. Annals of surgical oncology, 16(2), 515-523. | Sharangi, A. B., & Das, S. (2022). Healing indigestion: A phytotherapeutic review. Advances in Traditional Medicine, 22(3), 437-453. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
859 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for kidney and stone pain | Kidney stones | Powdered and taken with water. | Mushk Bala | Smooth Catmint | Nepeta laevigata | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ballabh, B., Chaurasia, O. P., Ahmed, Z., & Singh, S. B. (2008). Traditional medicinal plants of cold desert Ladakh—used against kidney and urinary disorders. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 118(2), 331-339 | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
860 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cough | Cough | Roots of musloon are ground into paste for application. | Musloon Roots | Bistorta amplexicaulis | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Batool, S., Asad, M. J., Arshad, M., Saleem, R. S. Z., & Ahmad, M. S. (2021). The supremacy of synergism: a comparison of anticancer activity of rhizome extract of bistorta amplexicaulis and gallic acid in cancer cell lines and primary cells. Current Nutraceuticals, 2(1), 21-26. | Fayaz, M., Singh, S., Bhat, I. A., Bhat, M. H., Khanday, F. A., & Dar, A. A. (2025). Efficient Micropropagation of Bistorta amplexicaulis (D. Don) Greene: An Important Medicinal Plant of Western Himalaya. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2025(1), 4457383. | Fatima begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
861 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for back pain | Back pain | Made into a paste with boiling water for external application. | Ratan Joot | Meadow Geranium | Geranium pratense L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Küpeli, E., Tatli, I. I., Akdemir, Z. S., & Yesilada, E. (2007). Estimation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity on Geranium pratense subsp. finitimum and its phenolic compounds. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 114(2), 234-240. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
862 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach and sugar problems | Indigestion, diabetes | Make Paste of patrees roots add in boil water and use | Patrees | Greenish Himalayan Monkshood | Aconitum heterophyllum | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Endangered (EN) | Zishan, A., & Shreekar, P. (2021). Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle; an endemic, highly medicinal and critically endangered plant species of Northwestern Himalaya in peril. Current Traditional Medicine. https://doi.org/10.2174/2215083807666210924162204. | Prasad, S., Jain, D., Patel, D., Sahu, A., & Hemalatha, S. (2014). Antisecretory and antimotility activity of Aconitum heterophyllum and its significance in treatment of diarrhea. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 46, 82 - 87. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.125182. | Kour, G., Chaubey, S., Singh, D., & Mishra, R. (2021). ATIVISA (ACONITUM HETEROPHYLLUM WALL EX. ROYLE): A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON PROPAGATION, TRADITIONAL USES AND PHARMACOLOGY. AYUSHDHARA. https://doi.org/10.47070/ayushdhara.v8i2.714. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
863 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for black cough | Whooping cough | Burnt and ground into small pieces for use. | Banhota | Fatima begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
864 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for diabetic-related discomfort | Diabetic neuropathy | Picked and made into paste; boiled in water and used in rice. | Khori Jodi Root | posha begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
865 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain and headache | Stomach pain, headache | Roots of choro are powdered and heated in oil for application. | Choro | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
866 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for children's tooth pain | Toothache (children) | Boiled in water and used. | Zeher Ka Phool | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
867 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for pneumonia and cold | Pneumonia, cold | Boiled in water and used. | Landi | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
868 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for stomach and other body pains | Abdominal and body pain | Picked, boiled, and made into paste; used in food. | Bhodi aye Jaddi | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
869 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tonic for energy and pain relief | Fatigue, body ache | Paste is made and used in vegetable dishes. | Khafal soduto | posha begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
870 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for joint and back pain | Joint and back pain | Mameek roots are made into paste, boiled with rice and ghee to prepare halwa. | Mameek | Paeonia Emodi | Paeonia Emodi | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern. | Sharma, A. K., Gupta, V., & Manigauh, A. (2021). Compressive Review on Plant Profile, Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Paeonia emodi Royle (Himalayan Paeony). Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 33(63B), 549-558. | Zahra, N., Iqbal, J., Arif, M., Abbasi, B. A., Sher, H., Nawaz, A. F., ... & Calina, D. (2023). A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle: current landscape and future perspectives. Chinese medicine, 18(1), 23. | Kumar, S., Ratha, K. K., Rao, M. M., & Acharya, R. (2022). A comprehensive review on the phytochemistry, pharmacological, ethnobotany, and traditional uses of Paeonia species. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 12(1), 13-24. | posha begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
871 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tonic | General weakness | Ground into juice and consumed orally. | Rangrash | Himalayan Strawberry | Fragaria nubicola | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Bussmann, R. W., & Kikvidze, Z. (2024). Fragaria moschata Weston Fragaria vesca L. Fragaria viridis Duch. Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Eastern Europe: Carpathians (pp. 1-19). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Ali, S. (2023). A study on different plant species of the Rosaceae family and their ethnobotanical uses among the local communities at Swat district, Pakistan. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 25, 1-16. | posha begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
872 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for jaundice | Jaundice | Used to treat jaundice. | KAMBLI KUL | Saima bano | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
873 | Kashmir | Human Health | Postnatal tonic given to women after delivery | Postpartum care | Given to women after delivery. | chikal | chickweed | Stellaria media.L Caryophyllaceae | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Bencheikh, N., Elachouri, M., & Bussmann, R. W. (2024). Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Caryophyllaceae. In Ethnobotany of Northern Africa and Levant (pp. 1959-1963). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. | Chidrawar, V. R. (2011). Pharmacological and phytochemical studies of ayuvedic plants for anti-obesity and anti-diabetic activity (Doctoral dissertation, Saurashtra University). | Saima bano | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
874 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache | Toothache | Used to treat toothache. | Ratan Joot | Meadow Geranium | Geranium pretense L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Williamson, E. M. (2002). Use of Geranium species extracts as herbal medicines. In Geranium and Pelargonium (pp. 52-58). CRC Press. | Saima bano | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
875 | Kashmir | Human Health | Root powder applied for wound healing | Wounds | Powdered dried roots are applied to wounds. | neej masrin | Zareefa Begum | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
876 | Kashmir | Human Health | Worm and vomiting remedy | Intestinal worms, vomiting | Used to treat worms and vomiting. | yen | Horse Mint | Mentha longifolia | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Bussmann, R. W., Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Khutsishvili, M., Kikvidze, Z., Khojimatov, O. K., Fayvush, G., ... & Muradalievich, A. A. (2024). Mentha aquatica L. Mentha arvensis L. Mentha longifolia (L.) L. Mentha× piperita L. Mentha pulegium L. Mentha× rotundifolia (L.) Huds. Mentha spicata L. Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. Mentha spicata subsp. spicata L. Lamiaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Caucasus (pp. 1-43). Springer, Cham. | Zareefa Begum | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
877 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back and joint pain | Back and joint pain | Used to treat back and joint pain. | chikal | chickweed | Stellaria media.L Caryophyllaceae | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Das, S. (2018). EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL AND ANALGESIC PROPERTY OF STELLARIA MEDIA L.. , 5, 1456-1461. https://doi.org/10.21276/irjps.2018.5.2.8. | Zareefa Begum | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
878 | Kashmir | Human Health | Root powder used on boils | Boils | Powdered dried roots are used to treat wounds. | chouk masrin | Shafeeqa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
879 | Kashmir | Human Health | Crushed powder used on boils | Boils | Crushed and applied over boils. | kall wouth | Self-Heal Herb | Prunella vulgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Mir, R., Bhat, M., Sawhney, G., Kumar, P., Andrabi, N., Shaikh, M., Mohi-Ud-Din, R., & Masoodi, M. (2021). Prunella vulgaris L: Critical Pharmacological, Expository Traditional uses and Extensive Phytochemistry: A Review.. Current drug discovery technologies. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570163818666210203181542. | Shafeeqa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
880 | Kashmir | Human Health | Dried leaves with ghee applied to skin | Skin infection, boils | Crushed and applied with ghee to affected areas. | dadri dawa | Shafeeqa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
881 | Kashmir | Human Health | Boiled root decoction for children's infection | Childhood infection | Boiled in water for 30 mins; extract is consumed (used for infections in children). | gandh soi | Catnip | Nepeta cataria L. | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Nadeem, A., Shahzad, H., Ahmed, B., Muntean, T., Waseem, M., & Tabassum, A. (2022). Phytochemical profiling of antimicrobial and potential antioxidant plant: Nepeta cataria. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.969316. | Shafeeqa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
882 | Kashmir | Human Health | Ghee and leaf mixture for wound care | Wound healing | Crushed and applied with ghee to treat wounds or infections. | dadri dawa | Shafeeqa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
883 | Kashmir | Human Health | Wild wax and leaf paste for boils | Boils | Mixed with wild wax and applied to treat boils. | fook doon gassi | Shaheena Begum | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
884 | Kashmir | Human Health | Roasted herbal to control diabetes | Diabetes | Roasted and used to regulate blood sugar. | wan rohon | Kashmiri Garlic | Allium sativum | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Delgado, E., Quiroz-Aldave, J., Durand-Vásquez, M., Aldave-Pita, L., Fuentes-Mendoza, J., Concepción-Urteaga, L., Paz-Ibarra, J., & Concepción-Zavaleta, M. (2025). Immunomodulatory effect of allium sativum in type 2 diabetes mellitus. World Journal of Experimental Medicine. https://doi.org/10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.103481. | Pandian, P., , A., & Kumar.Ch, S. (2023). Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Isolated Fractions of Allium Sativum. Journal of Advanced Zoology. https://doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is-5.1901. | Shaheena Begum | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
885 | Kashmir | Human Health | Tonic for lactating mothers | Postpartum tonic | Given to lactating mothers as an energy booster. | mongri | Rifat bano | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
886 | Kashmir | Human Health | Winter remedy to keep body warm | Cold protection | Used to keep warm during winter; protects against cold. | prenak nishasta | Rifat bano | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
887 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Energetic fruit | Fatigue recovery | Consumed as an energetic fruit. | ring fruit | Howthorn berries | Crataegus oxyacantha | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Skrypnik, L., Melnichuk, I., & Koroleva, Y. (2020). NUTRITIONAL AND BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF FRUITS OF CRATAEGUS OXYACANTHA L.. , 265-275. https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2020015452. | Rifat bano | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
888 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication for abdominal cramps | Abdominal cramps | Crushed and left overnight; water is consumed in the morning for stomach issues. | taithwan | Common Wormwood | Artimesia absenthium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Lin, Z., Wu, H., Fu, Y., & Dai, S. (2019). Application of Herbaceous Medications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease as a Complementary and Alternative Therapy.. Inflammatory bowel diseases. https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izz190. | Rifat bano | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
889 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy: Fresh aerial leaves ground into paste for wound healing | Wound healing | Aerial parts and leaves are ground into paste and applied to treat wounds. | Kalyout | Prunella Valgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Akkol, E., Renda, G., Ilhan, M., & Bektaş, N. (2022). Wound healing acceleration and anti-inflammatory potential of Prunella vulgaris L.: From conventional use to preclinical scientific verification.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 115411 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115411. | Zareefa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
890 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal wound remedy | Wound healing | Used to treat wounds by applying paste on the affected area. | Kelim | Zareefa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
891 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wound healing | Wound healing | Dry roots are powdered and applied externally to treat wounds. | Pamchalan | Himalayan Rhubarb | Rheum Emodi | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Endangered (EN) (regional) | Handoo, N., Parrah, J., Gayas, M., Bisma, S., & Mir, M. (2018). Effect of Rheum emodi and its extracts on wound healing: A qualitative and quantitative histological study. Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 6, 1592-1597. | Handoo, N., Parrah, J., Moulvi, B., Ansari, M., Athar, H., Imtiyaz, T., Nabi, N., Siraj, G., & Malik, Z. (2015). Effect of different extracts of Rheum emodi for wound healing in rabbit model.. international journal of veterinary science, 4, 50-54. | Zareefa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
892 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal wound treatment for diabetic wounds | Diabetic wound healing | Dry roots are powdered and used topically to treat wounds. | Neig Machran | Zareefa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
893 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat fractures | Bone fracture | Paste of fresh leaves is applied to fractures for healing. | Pal phort | Zareefa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
894 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal decoction for the treatment of labour pain and miscarriage | Labour pain, miscarriage prevention | Decoction of fresh leaves is given to ease labor pain and reduce risk of miscarriage. | Halun | Asparagus filicinus Buch | 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient (DD) | Smith, C., Collins, C., Levett, K., Armour, M., Dahlen, H., Tan, A., & Mesgarpour, B. (2020). Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2, CD009232 . https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009232.pub2. | Zareefa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
895 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for head and body aches | Headache, body ache | Decoction is used in bathing to relieve muscle tension, stress, and body aches. | Kalveuth | Self-Heal Herb | Prunella vulgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Pan, J., Wang, H., & Chen, Y. (2022). Prunella vulgaris L. – A Review of its Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Quality Control and Pharmacological Effects. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.903171. | Gulam mohi ud din , Taja begum , Tasleema begum | Village: Sheikpora Village: Kachwa Muqam | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
896 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tonic or supplement for pregnant women | Prenatal wellness | Cooked leaves are consumed post-delivery as a tonic meal. | Haand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | No studies have evaluated the safety or benefits of dandelion during pregnancy or its effects on prenatal development in humans. | Zareefa Village: Nowgam Abdul Karim Poda Village: Bandibala Taja begum Village: Shiekhpora Raja Begum Village: Bandi Payeen Hakeem Sabzar Ahmad Village: Kulgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
897 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for respiratory issues | Respiratory problems | Decoction is prepared from the plant and administered orally. | ‘Kahzaban/ Gawzaban’ | Himalayan Arnebia | Arnebia benthamii | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Critically Endangered (CR) | Ahmad, L., He, Y., Hao, J., Semotiuk, A., Liu, Q., & Mazari, P. (2018). Toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids provide a warning sign to overuse of the ethnomedicine Arnebia benthamii.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 210, 88-94 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.009. | Laxmi, K. (2016). A PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW ON - ARNEBIA BENTHAMII. . | Gulnaz Begum | Bandibala | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
898 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for respiratory issues: cough, chest congestion, and asthma | Cough, chest congestion, asthma | Decoction of leaves is given orally. | ‘Kahzaban/ Gawzaban’ | Himalayan Arnebia | Arnebia benthamii | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Critically Endangered (CR) | Ganie, S. A., Dar, T. A., Hamid, R., Zargar, O., Abeer, S. U., Masood, A., ... & Zargar, M. A. (2014). In vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Arnebia benthamii (Wall ex. G. Don): a critically endangered medicinal plant of Kashmir valley. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2014(1), 792574. | Ahmad, L., He, Y., Hao, J., Semotiuk, A., Liu, Q., & Mazari, P. (2018). Toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids provide a warning sign to overuse of the ethnomedicine Arnebia benthamii.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 210, 88-94 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.009. | Laxmi, K. (2016). A PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW ON - ARNEBIA BENTHAMII. . | Taja begum | Sheikpora | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
899 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication to cure jaundice | Jaundice | Entire plant is boiled to make a decoction, which is administered orally. | Dade | Bird's-nest ferns | Asplenium falcatum | ⚫ Black | Critically Endangered (CR) | There is no evidence in the scientific literature supporting the use of Asplenium falcatum to cure jaundice. Other medicinal plants have stronger traditional and scientific backing for this purpose. | Raja Begum Village: Nagbal Haja Begum | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
900 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach burning and heartburn | Gastric burning, heartburn | Boiled as tea and consumed. | Dade | Bird's-nest ferns | Asplenium falcatum | ⚫ Black | Critically Endangered (CR) | No Scientific research | Tasleema begum | Kachwa Muqam | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
901 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for throat soreness, swelling, and tonsillitis | Sore throat, tonsillitis | Decoction is used as a gargle to treat throat swelling and infection. | Sozposh | Hollyhock | Althaearosa | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Roventa, D., Pieper-Fürst, U., Acikel, C., Santos, D., Sent, U., & Mösges, R. (2023). Effectiveness and Tolerability of Ectoin® Mouth and Throat Spray Althaea Honey (ERS09) for Sore Throat due to Acute Pharyngitis and Dry Cough: A Multicentre, Actively Controlled, Open Label Study in Germany. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185813. | Mansoora bagum Village: Bandibala Haja Begum Village : Nilsar Haleema Begum Village: Nagbal | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
902 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for kidney and bladder health including UTIs and stones | Kidney and bladder issues, UTIs, stones | Decoction is given orally twice daily. | Maki | Corn Silk | Zea mays | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Gumaih, H., Alasbahy, A., Alharethi, S., Al-Asmari, S., & Al-Khulaidi, A. (2023). Antiurolithiasis activities of Zea mays extract and its mechanism as antiurolithiasis remedy.. American journal of clinical and experimental urology, 11 5, 443-451 . | Pardede, T., & Muchlisyam, M. (2018). ANALYSIS ON CALCIUM SOLUBILITY IN KIDNEY STONES (IN VITRO) AND DIURETIC EFFECT (IN VIVO) USING CORN SILK (ZEA MAYS L.) INFUSE. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 11, 80-83. https://doi.org/10.22159/AJPCR.2018.V11S1.26573. | Umer Majeed Village: Kohilina Gul Naz Begum Village: Bandibalsa Ab Rasheed Wani Village : T.Y. Shah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
903 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for arthritis and joint pain | Arthritis, joint pain | Extracts are used internally or externally depending on condition. | soi | Nettle | Urtica dioica | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Liao, J. C., Wei, Z. X., Ma, Z. P., Zhao, C., & Cai, D. Z. (2016). Evaluation of a root extract gel from Urtica dioica (Urticaceae) as analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapy in rheumatoid arthritis in mice. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 15(4), 781-785. | Bashir Ahmed Malik Abdul Khasana Village : Bandibala Farooq Shah T.Y Shash Tasleema Begum Village: Kachwa Muqam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
904 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for indigestion, bloating, and constipation | Indigestion, bloating, constipation | Decoction (Sharbat) is used medicinally. | Kashmiri Glub | Rose | Rosa damascena | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Azimi, M., Niayesh, H., Raeiszadeh, M., & Khodabandeh-Shahraki, S. (2022). Efficacy of the herbal formula of Foeniculum vulgare and Rosa damascena on elderly patients with functional constipation: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 20(3), 230-236. | Sadeghi Mansoorkhani, H., Alamdari, M., Hasanzadeh, S., Jokar, S., Panahi Kokhdan, E., Malekzadeh, J., & Abassi, R. (2021). Effect of rosa damascene Mill. hydroalcoholic extract on the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation in adults. Journal of Clinical Care and Skills, 2(1), 29-34. | Hakeem Sabzar Ahmad Village: Kulgam Mansoora begum Village T.Y.shah Gulam mohi ud din Village: Sheikpora | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
905 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cough | Cough | Consumed in the form of Murabba or Jam. | Bum choont | Quince apple | Cydonia oblonga | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Fazeenah, A. A., & Quamri, M. A. (2016). Behidana (Cydonia oblonga Miller)—a review. World J Pharm Res, 5(11), 79-91. | Tasleema Begum | Village: Kachwa Muqam | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
906 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back pain, leucorrhoea, and headache | Back pain, leucorrhoea, headache | Roots are boiled to make herbal tea. | machrani chai | Bistorta Maplaxicaulis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Babar, M., Aslam, B., Faisal, M., Malik, A., Akhtar, S., Fatima, S., Majeed, W., Umer, A., & Farooq, M. (2024). Phytochemical characterization and anti-arthritic potential of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles derived from the Bistorta amplexicaulis root extract. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1474592. | M Abdullah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
907 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for muscle cramps and postpartum recovery | Muscle cramps, postpartum support | Dried leaves are cooked and consumed. | wappal haakh | Himalayan Teasel | Dipsacus Inermis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Jan, M., Mir, T. A., Jan, H. A., Bussmann, R. W., & Aneaus, S. (2023). Ethnomedicinal study of plants utilized in pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum healthcare in Kashmir Himalaya. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 42, 100767. | Imtiyaz ah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
908 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for kidney issues and stones | Kidney stones, kidney disorder | Dried stem is cooked and used. | daid | Bird's-nest ferns | Asplenium falcatum | ⚫ Black | Critically Endangered (CR) | AKTAŞ, Y., GENÇ, Ş., TORAMAN, F. Y., AKBAR, M. N. A., & NATH, E. Ö. Ethnomedicinal Plants for Kidney Disorders in Iraq and Türkiye. | Imtiyaz ah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
909 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for common cold | Cold | Ground into flour and used. | truel | Himalayan Balsam | impatiens glandulifera | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | m Abdullah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
910 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for cold and cough | Cold, cough | Leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable. | nilkhani | mansoora begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
911 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for fungal scars and white patches | Fungal infections, skin patches | Leaves are burned, ash is collected, mixed with oil, and applied to affected area. | poohi kul | M Abdullah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
912 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to reduce hair fall | Hair fall | Boiled in water and the decoction is used to wash hair. | gavther | Hamaspadi | adiantum capillus veneris | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Ansari, R., & Ekhlasi-Kazaj, K. (2012). Adiantum capillus-veneris. L: phytochemical constituents, traditional uses and pharmacological properties: a review. Journal of advanced scientific research, 3(04), 15-20. | mansoora begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
913 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal Medication for skin bumps | Skin bumps | Roots are powdered, mixed with oil, and applied topically. | zovnure | ishfaq ah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
914 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal anti-parasitic used to remove tapeworms in humans | Tapeworms, intestinal parasites | Tea is prepared or roots are soaked in water and drunk. | kister mound | betel leaf | Piper betal | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Tandon, V., Yadav, A. K., Roy, B., & Das, B. (2011). Phytochemicals as cure of worm infections in traditional medicine systems. Emerging trends in zoology, 16, 351-378. | m Abdullah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
915 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary remedy to reduce weakness in cattle | Livestock weakness | Used as fodder for animals. | sheehelwither | coltsfoot | tussilago farfara | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Not scientifically proven | m Abdullah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
916 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for diabetes, inflammation, fractures, and joint pain | Diabetes, inflammation, bone fracture, joint pain | Prepared as tea and paste with oil, then applied externally. | palphot | m Abdullah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
917 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for common cold and cough | Cold, cough | Fresh leaves are cooked or ripe fruits are eaten. | jungli palak | strawberry spinach | chenopodium foliosum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Dakhane, S. C. V. (2024). Wild vegetables (Chenopodium album L): Ethno pharmacology, phytochemical and nutrient profile. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 13(3), 367-376. | m Abdullah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
918 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary treatment for swelling and bloating in cattle | Livestock bloating and inflammation | Used as animal fodder. | gumai | m Abdullah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
919 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal source rich in vitamins | Vitamin deficiency | Ripe fruits are plucked and eaten directly. | jungli tamatar | Solanum villosum Mill | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | ONYANGO, O. K. (2023). NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS, IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF Solanum villosum Linn. AND Solanum scabrum Mill. METHANOL LEAVES EXTRACTS (Doctoral dissertation, KENYATTA UNIVERSITY). | m Abdullah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
920 | Category-Human, Veterinary, Agriculture | Title of Practice | Ailment/problem | practice in detail | Process: boiling, mixing, paste, fermentation, soaking overnight, soaking for longer duration, drying | Ingredient/Plant)-1 (Write local name, English Name, Botanical name | PAs Code-red: clinical studies done; green- AYUSH, Blue- In vitro or In vivo study done; Brown: only ethnographical report ; black: not reported or unique | IUCN status Plant 1 | PAS-1 | PAS-1 | PAS-1 | PAS-1 | Knowledge Provider name | Village | Block | District | |||
921 | Local | English | Botanical | ||||||||||||||||
922 | Nagaland | Human | Pomegranate leaves for stomach ache | Stomach ache | Pomegranate leaves are washed and boiled for 5 -10 mins and is consumed during stomach ache | Washed and boiled | "Taliim/Jarem" | Pomegranate leaves | Punica granatum | 🟢 Green | Least Concern. | Ghaneialvar H, Abbasi N, Shahsavari S. Natural remedies effective on stomachache in traditional medicine. Plant Biotechnology Persa. 2020;2(1): 42-47. | Muhialdin, A. J., Alamri, Z. Z., Hussein, A. M., Faraj, R. K., Taha, Z. B., Hussein, M. M., & Mojarradgandoukmolla, S. (2023). Gastro-protective and therapeutic effect of Punica granatum against stomach ulcer caused by Helicobacter Pylori. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 69(1), 48-53. | Achamba | yingshkur | ||||
923 | Nagaland | Veterinary | Animal feed | Fresh used | Musa nagensium | banana stem | Musa | 🟢 Green | Least Concern. | Ullo, N. Z. A., Yoku, O., Monim, H., Widayati, T. W., & Kayadoe, M. (2023, June). Reducing the effects of greenhouse gas emissions of organic waste by utilizing banana stems as starter local pig feed. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1192, No. 1, p. 012044). IOP Publishing. | Achamba | yingshkur | |||||||
924 | Nagaland | Human | Treatment of Dengue | Dengue | Fresh leaves of papaya are boil and consume by those who suffer from Dengue | Boiling | Mamazu (Ao) | Papaya leaves | Carica papaya | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Data Deficient. | Teh, B. P., Ahmad, N. B., Mohamad, S. B., Tan, T. Y. C., Mohd Abd Razak, M. R. B., Afzan, A. B., & Syed Mohamed, A. F. B. (2022). Carica papaya Leaf Juice for Dengue: A Scoping Review. Nutrients, 14(8), 1584. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081584 | Charan, Jaykaran; Saxena, Deepak1; Goyal, Jagdish Prasad2; Yasobant, Sandul1. Efficacy and safety of Carica papaya leaf extract in the dengue: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research 6(4):p 249-254, Oct–Dec 2016. | DOI: 10.4103/2229-516X.192596 | Tsaroli P.S | yingshkur | ||||
925 | Nagaland | Human | Remedy for Dysentery | Dysentery | the leaves are plucked and wash in a clean cool water and chewed raw during dysentry | Chewing | Motiram tu | Guava leaves | Psidium guajava | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green | Least Concern | Husin, W. (2010). Property of Psidium guajava L. leaves in treatment of diarrhea. Maranatha Journal of Medicine and Health, 1(2), 147881. | Birdi T, Krishnan GG, Kataria S, Gholkar M, Daswani P. A randomized open label efficacy clinical trial of oral guava leaf decoction in patients with acute infectious diarrhoea. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2020 Apr-Jun;11(2):163-172. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.04.001. Epub 2020 Jun 2. PMID: 32507357; PMCID: PMC7329711. | Thridongse | yingshkur | ||||
926 | Nagaland | Human | Hemostatic and insect repellent | stop bleeding/ant/mosquito | used fresh leaves and make it paste | Paste | "Kher" | Burma grass | Neyraudia reynaudiana | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Serichum | yingshkur | ||||||
927 | Nagaland | Human | Treatment of nose bleeding and insects bites | nose bleeding and insects bites | A leaves is crushed with water to produce a paste like and used it in nose bleeding and insects bites | Paste | kidney weed | kidney weed | Dichondra repens | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Lithsipa | Seyochung Village | ||||||
928 | Nagaland | Human | Hemostatic, anti itching and in skin diseases | Stop bleeding and skin itching | The leaves of the plants are crushed and applied in cut wounds which stops bleeding, itching and used in various related skin diseases | paste | Crofton weed or Mexican devil | Ageratina adenophora | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Poudel, R., Neupane, N. P., Mukeri, I. H., Alok, S., & Verma, A. (2020). An updated review on invasive nature, phytochemical evaluation, & pharmacological activity of Ageratina adenophora. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res, 11, 2510-2520. | Khaidem, D., Soibam, T., Kar, A., Mukherjee, P. K., Radhakrishnanand, P., Parmar, K., & Sharma, N. (2024). Phytochemically analysed extract of Ageratina adenophora (Sprengel) R.M. King & H. Rob. initiates caspase 3-dependent apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell: A synergistic approach with chemotherapeutic drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 322, 117591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.117591 | Lithsipa | Seyochung Village | |||||
929 | Nagaland | Human | Analgesic | headache. | The leaves are crushed and massage in area of pain, usually used in headache. | Crushed or Paste | Curly Blumea | Laggera crispata | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Getahun, T., Sharma, V., & Gupta, N. (2019). The genus Laggera (Asteraceae)–ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological information, chemical composition as well as biological activities of its essential oils and extracts: a review. Chemistry & biodiversity, 16(8), e1900131. | Lithsipa | Seyochung Village | ||||||
930 | Nagaland | Human | Anti pyretic & in insect bite | Fever & insect bite | The leaves are crushed and the juice/extract are applied in case of insects or Spider bite as well as consumed during gastric, fever | Paste and extract | Yempat and Zenodo | Broadleaf plantain | Plantago major | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Laanet, P.-R., Bragina, O., Jõul, P., & Vaher, M. (2024). Plantago major and Plantago lanceolata Exhibit Antioxidant and Borrelia burgdorferi Inhibiting Activities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(13), 7112. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137112 | Samuelsen, A. B. (2000). The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L. A review. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 71(1-2), 1-21. | Lithsipa | Seyochung Village | ||||
931 | Nagaland | Human | Anti hypertensive | High bood pressure | leaves are boil and eat during High blood pressure | Boiling | "Kenie" | beefsteak plant, perilla, | Perilla frutescens | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Youn, I., Han, S., Jung, H. J., Noh, S. G., Chung, H. Y., Koo, Y. K., ... & Seo, E. K. (2023). Anti-inflammatory activity of the constituents from the leaves of Perilla frutescens var. acuta. Pharmaceuticals, 16(12), 1655. | Lithsipa | Seyochung Village | |||||
932 | Nagaland | Human | In gastric upset | Diarrhoea, constipation | Whole plant is crushed into paste and taken orally with water for diarrhoea, constipation and a good source of vitamin A and C. | Paste | "Rophie" & Bahra thlum | Sweet potato | Ipomoea batatas | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Panda, V., & Sonkamble, M. (2012). Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Ipomoea batatas l.(Lam)–A review. International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry and Pharmacology, 2(1), 25-34. | Lithsipa | Seyochung Village | |||||
933 | Nagaland | Veterinary | Animal feed | stored or Fresh used | Naga Bhutta | Corn | Zea mays | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Lithsipa | Seyochung Village | ||||||||
934 | Nagaland | Veterinary | Animal feed | Fresh used | mongozono | Fig leaves | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Lithsipa | Seyochung Village | ||||||||
935 | Nagaland | Human | In gastric upset | Stomach ache, and Diarrhea | The roots are eaten during Stomach ache, and Diarrhea | Fresh used | "Kishep" & "Aovei" | Yellow Himalayan Raspberry root | Rubus ellipticus | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Sharma, M., Pant, S., & Wani, Z. A. (2025). Himalayan yellow raspberry (Rubus ellipticus Sm.) potentially important medicinal plant for bioprospection. Vegetos, 1-12. | Tsaliba | Seyochung Village | |||||
936 | Nagaland | Human | Anti hypertensive | High bood pressure | The leaves is boiled and consumed during High blood pressure it aids in regulating the blood pressure | Boiling | "Bel" | passion fruit | Passiflora edulis | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Guerrero-Ospina, J. C., Nieto, O. A., Zarate, P., Loango, N., Restrepo, B., & Landazuri, P. (2018). Beneficial effects of Passiflora edulis on blood pressure and reduction of oxidative stress. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 11(43), 1-8. | Khawoto | Seyochung Village | |||||
937 | Nagaland | Human | Multi medicinal use | angina, bronchitis, influenza, malaria, scabies, burns, snakebites, injuries, fractures, contusions, strains, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, and antileukaemi, headache | It is used as a medicine to cure angina, bronchitis, influenza, and malaria. It is also applied externally for treating scabies, burns, snakebites, injuries, fractures, contusions, and strains. Aerial parts of the plant have been used as an antiinflammatory, antibacterial, and antileukaemi | Boiling and Paste | Curly Blumea | Laggera Crispata | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Zhou, Z., Pu, T., Duan, B., & Zhang, M. (2022). Phylogenetic relationship and characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Laggera crispata, a folk herbal medicine plant in China. Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 7(6), 1148-1150. | Khawoto | Seyochung Village | ||||||
938 | Nagaland | Human | Anti diabetes & anti asthamatic | Diabetes, Asthma and gut problem | Roots are consumed during Gut problem and diabetes. It is also said to aid during asthma | Fresh Used | Yacon | Yacon | Smallanthus sonchifolius | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Zheng, X., Fan, H., Ting-Guo, K., De-Qiang, D., Kuo, G., Yu-Yuan, S., ... & Feng, D. (2010). Anti-diabetes constituents in leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius. Natural product communications, 5(1), 1934578X1000500123. | Mendes, R. M. D. A., Caetano, G. R., Arpini, C. M., Denadai, J. F., Curbani, F., Gomes, D. C. D. O., & Tadokoro, C. E. (2024). A story with two versions: yacon root pulp on experimental asthma in different animal facilities. Ciência Rural, 54(9), e20230065. | Khawoto | Seyochung Village | ||||
939 | Nagaland | Human | Anti viral, Anagesic | Fever, cold, asthma, body ache toothache | The leaves are consumed during Fever, cold, asthma, body ache toothache.It is also believed to aid In preventing bed-wetting. | Fresh Used | Wild mint | Wild mint | Mentha arvensis, | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Silva, H. (2020). A Descriptive Overview of the Medical Uses Given to Mentha Aromatic Herbs throughout History. Biology, 9(12), 484. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9120484 | Lisathovishu | Seyochung Village | |||||
940 | Nagaland | Human | Cough and Cold | Cough and Cold | The leaves is consumed during common cold as well as cough | Fresh Used | Peppermint | Mentha piperita | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Chakraborty, P., Singh, J., Rai, M., Singh, P., Vichitra, A., Singh, A. K. N., ... & Singh, H. (2008). Mentha piperita–a multicentric clinical verification study conducted by CCRH. Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy, 2(4), 26-33. | Chakraborty, K., Chakravarti, A. R., & Bhattacharjee, S. (2022). Bioactive components of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), their pharmacological and ameliorative potential and ethnomedicinal benefits: A review. Journal of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry, 11(1), 109-114. | Lisathovishu | Seyochung Village | |||||
941 | Nagaland | Human | Anti allergy & cough releve | Cough and allergy. | The bulb of ginger is crushed and chewed raw with or without water or honey for Cough, allergy. | crushed and chewed | Sungrosung | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Her, L., & Kanjanasilp, J. (2021). Efficacy and safety of herbal medicines for relief cough symptom in national list of essential medicines of Thailand and Lao PDR: A systematic review and Meta-analysis (Doctoral dissertation, Mahasarakham University). | Lisathovishu | Seyochung Village | |||||
942 | Nagaland | Human | Tooth analgesic | Toothache | The root is chewed or put in the area of pain for toothache | Chewing | Veraphul | oakleaf fern | Drynaria quercifolia | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Anuja, G. I., Latha, P. G., Suja, S. R., Shyamal, S., Shine, V. J., Sini, S., ... & Rajasekharan, S. (2010). Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Smith. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 132(2), 456-460. | Prasanna, G., & Anuradha, R. (2016). A comprehensive review on Phytopharmacological activities of Drynaria quercifolia L. Int J Pharmacogn Phytochem Res, 8(8), 1304-1313. | Litsao | Seyochung Village | ||||
943 | Nagaland | Human | Hemostatic and anti spasmodic in menstruation | Over bleeding and Menstruation cramps | The plant is consumed during Over bleeding and Menstruation cramps. | Fresh Used | "Naga lasoon" or "Khobiya" | Chives | Allium schoenoprasum | ⚫ Black | Least Concern | Not reported | Litsao | Seyochung Village | |||||
944 | Nagaland | Human | Analgesic | Body ache | The leaves are crushed and applied in areas of Body ache. | Paste | Eri plant | castor bean plant | Ricinus communis | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Gupta, R., Chaudhary, A., & Sharma, R. (2023). Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Ricinus communis Linn.: Evidence from Pharmacology to Clinical Studies. Current Pharmacology Reports. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-023-00347-7. | Abomughaid, M., Teibo, J., Akinfe, O., Adewolu, A., Teibo, T., Afifi, M., Al-Farga, A., Al-Kuraishy, H., Al-Gareeb, A., Alexiou, A., Papadakis, M., & Batiha, G. (2024). A phytochemical and pharmacological review of Ricinus communis L.. Discover Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-05964-5. | Hoito | Seyochung Village | ||||
945 | Nagaland | Human | Anti pyretic | In fever | The leaves are crushed and used as paste in times of Fever. | paste | Dye Foldwing | Magenta Plant | Dicliptera tinctoria | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Hoito | Seyochung Village | ||||||
946 | Nagaland | Human | Tooth analgesic | Toothache | The fruit or leaves is chewed with the area where there is toothache. | Chewing | "Kevega" | toothache plant, paracress | Acmella oleracea | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Aktar, M., Bhuia, M., Molla, S., Chowdhury, R., Sarkar, C., Shahariar, M., Roy, P., Reiner, Ž., Sharifi‐Rad, J., Calina, D., Shakil, M., & Islam, M. (2024). Pharmacological and phytochemical review of Acmella oleracea: a comprehensive analysis of its therapeutic potential. Discover Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-06108-5. | Rondanelli, M., Fossari, F., Vecchio, V., Braschi, V., Riva, A., Allegrini, P., Petrangolini, G., Iannello, G., Faliva, M., Peroni, G., Nichetti, M., Gasparri, C., Spadaccini, D., Infantino, V., Mustafa, S., Alalwan, T., & Perna, S. (2019). Acmella oleracea for pain management.. Fitoterapia, 104419 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104419. | Inashi | Seyochung Village | ||||
947 | Nagaland | Veterinary | Animal feed | Freshly Used | Bathua Leaves | Lamb's quarters, goosefoot, | Chenopodium album. | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Xie, M., Wang, R., Wang, Y., Liu, N., & Qi, J. (2021). Effects of dietary supplementation with fermented Chenopodium album L. on growth, nutrient digestibility, immunity, carcase characteristics and meat quality of broilers. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 20, 2063 - 2074. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2021.1996289. | Totakul, P., Viennasay, B., Sommai, S., Matra, M., Infascelli, F., & Wanapat, M. (2021). Supplemental effect of Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) leaf pellet on rumen fermentation, nutrients digestibility and microbial protein synthesis in growing crossbred bulls. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 20, 279 - 287. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2021.1880978. | vinatoli | Sitimi Village | ||||||
948 | Nagaland | Human | Digestive aid, Cough and skin problem, anthelmentics | Intestinal worms, Digestive aid, Cough and skin problem | The leaves are crushed sometimes boiled and the decoction is consumed during Gastric, Cough, and is applied in various skin ailments. | Boiling and Paste | wormwood or absinthe | Artemisia absinthium | 🔵 Blue, 🟢 Green | Least Concern | Szopa, A., Pajor, J., Klin, P., Rzepiela, A., Elansary, H., Al-Mana, F., Mattar, M., & Ekiert, H. (2020). Artemisia absinthium L.—Importance in the History of Medicine, the Latest Advances in Phytochemistry and Therapeutical, Cosmetological and Culinary Uses. Plants, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091063. | Batiha, G., Olatunde, A., El-Mleeh, A., Hetta, H., Al-Rejaie, S., Alghamdi, S., Zahoor, M., Beshbishy, A., Murata, T., Zaragoza-Bastida, A., & Rivero-Pérez, N. (2020). Bioactive Compounds, Pharmacological Actions, and Pharmacokinetics of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium). Antibiotics, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9060353. | Ghoveli | Sitimi Village | |||||
949 | Nagaland | Human | Anti Cough | Cough | The fruit is either consumed raw or after boiling at times of cough. | Raw or Boiling | Kikhwii | Indian nightshade. | Solanum indicum | 🔵 Blue, 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated | Saxena, G., Mittal, A., & Siddiqui, A. (2019). Acute Toxicity Studies and In-vitro Antioxidant Potential of Solanum indicum. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3-s.2969. | Kaunda, J., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Two new 23S,26R-hydroxylated spirostanoid saponins from the fruits of Solanum indicum var. recurvatum . Steroids, 153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108506. | Hekashe | Sitimi Village | ||||
950 | Nagaland | Human | Anti pyretic | Fever | The leaves are consumed or pasted in the body in times of Fever and high temperature. | Paste | coffee stem parasite | Loranthus ferrugineus | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Hekashe | Sitimi Village | |||||||
951 | Nagaland | Human | Anti hypertensive | High blood pressure | The bulb or root is consumed during high blood pressure to lower the blood pressure | Raw and Boling | Ginseng | Ginseng | Panax ginseng | 🔴 Red | Not Evaluated | Park, S., Chung, S., Chung, M., Choi, H., Hwang, J., & Park, J. (2021). Effects of Panax ginseng on hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Ginseng Research, 46, 188 - 205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2021.10.002. | Irfan, M., Kwak, Y., Han, C., Hyun, S., & Rhee, M. (2020). Adaptogenic effects of Panax ginseng on modulation of cardiovascular functions. Journal of Ginseng Research, 44, 538 - 543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2020.03.001. | Hekashe | Sitimi Village | ||||
952 | Nagaland | Human | Trouble breathing, or muscle ache | Trouble breathing, or muscle ache | The sap that is produced from the stem and leaves is applied onto the leaves themselves and is pasted in times of Trouble breathing, or muscle ache. | Paste | Lalpatti | Poinsettia | Euphorbia pulcherrima | 🔵 Blue, | Least Concern | Aljohani, A., Alhumaydhi, F., Rauf, A., Hamad, E., & Rashid, U. (2022). In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, Sedative, Muscle Relaxant Activities and Molecular Docking Analysis of Phytochemicals from Euphorbia pulcherrima. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7495867. | Ernst, M., Grace, O., Saslis-Lagoudakis, C., Nilsson, N., Simonsen, H., & Rønsted, N. (2015). Global medicinal uses of Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae).. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 176, 90-101 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.025. | Asela | Sanphure Village | ||||
953 | Nagaland | Human | jaundice, abortifacient, anthelmintic, whooping cough & as blood purifier | jaundice, abortifacient, anthelmintic, whooping cough & as blood purifier | Fruit juice is taken for jaundice, abortifacient, anthelmintic, whooping cough & as blood purifier | "Gaimpew" | Pineapple | Ananas comosus | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ugbogu, E., Happiness, O., Emmanuel, O., Ugbogu, O., Ekweogu, C., Uche, M., Dike, E., & Ijioma, S. (2023). Phytochemical characterization, anti-diarrhoeal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory activities and toxicity profile of Ananas comosus (L.) Merr (pineapple) leaf in albino rats.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 117224 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.117224. | Asela | Sanphure Village | ||||||
954 | Nagaland | Human | Hemostatic, Anti malarial, antiseptic. | Bleeding, Malaria, stomach ache, Itching and skin desiases | The leaves of the plants are crushed and applied in cut wounds which stops bleeding, itching and used in various related skin diseases. It is also taken orally for malaria, stomach ache and as antiseptic properties. | Paste | wormwood or absinthe | Artemisia absinthium | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Joshi, R. (2013). Volatile composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Artemisia absinthium growing in Western Ghats region of North West Karnataka, India. Pharmaceutical Biology, 51, 888 - 892. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2013.768676. | Szopa, A., Pajor, J., Klin, P., Rzepiela, A., Elansary, H., Al-Mana, F., Mattar, M., & Ekiert, H. (2020). Artemisia absinthium L.—Importance in the History of Medicine, the Latest Advances in Phytochemistry and Therapeutical, Cosmetological and Culinary Uses. Plants, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091063. | Asela | Sanphure Village | |||||
955 | Nagaland | Human | Diuretic, Anti Hypertensive, kidney stone | diuretic, heart disease, High blood pressure, kidney stone | Corn is taken orally for diuretic, heart disease, hypertension, and kidney stone and for lowering blood pressure | Freshly Used | Naga Bhutta | Corn | Zea mays | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Pardede, T., & Muchlisyam, M. (2018). ANALYSIS ON CALCIUM SOLUBILITY IN KIDNEY STONES (IN VITRO) AND DIURETIC EFFECT (IN VIVO) USING CORN SILK (ZEA MAYS L.) INFUSE. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 11, 80-83. https://doi.org/10.22159/AJPCR.2018.V11S1.26573. | Gumaih, H., Alasbahy, A., Alharethi, S., Al-Asmari, S., & Al-Khulaidi, A. (2023). Antiurolithiasis activities of Zea mays extract and its mechanism as antiurolithiasis remedy.. American journal of clinical and experimental urology, 11 5, 443-451 . | Asela | Sanphure Village | ||||
956 | Nagaland | Human | indigestion, dysentery and kidney problems, scurvy. | indigestion, dysentery and kidney problems, scurvy. | Fruit is taken orally for indigestion, dysentery and kidney problems; source of vitamin C and as astringent, also for treatment of human scurvy. | Freshly Used | Indian gooseberry or amla | Indian gooseberry or amla | Phyllanthus emblica | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Saini, R., Sharma, N., Oladeji, O., Sourirajan, A., Dev, K., Zengin, G., El‐Shazly, M., & Kumar, P. (2021). Traditional uses, bioactive composition, pharmacology, and toxicology of Phyllanthus emblica fruits: A comprehensive review.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 114570 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114570. | Asela | Sanphure Village | |||||
957 | Nagaland | Human | Laxative, Anti bacterial, anti diabetes, jaundice and cold | Laxative, Anti bacterial, anti diabetes, jaundice and cold | Fruits are taken as mild laxative, antibacterial, diabetes, cold & jaundice problems. | Freshly Used | Ja nuni, Kolia Kotahi | white mulberry | Morus alba | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Rodrigues, E., Marcelino, G., Silva, G., Figueiredo, P., Garcez, W., Corsino, J., Guimarães, R., & Freitas, K. (2019). Nutraceutical and Medicinal Potential of the Morus Species in Metabolic Dysfunctions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020301. | Batiha, G., Al-Snafi, A., Thuwaini, M., Teibo, J., Shaheen, H., Akomolafe, A., Teibo, T., Al-Kuraishy, H., Al-Garbeeb, A., Alexiou, A., & Papadakis, M. (2023). Morus alba: a comprehensive phytochemical and pharmacological review. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 396, 1399 - 1413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-023-02434-4. | Asela | Sanphure Village | ||||
958 | Nagaland | Human | Anti diabetes & Gastritis | Diabeties and gastric problem | Roots are eaten raw during diabeties and gastric problem | Freshly Used | Yacon | Smallanthus sonchifolius | Least Concern | Rawal, P., Pandey, B., Yadav, R., & Panta, S. (2024). Antioxidant, Alpha‐Amylase Inhibitory and Hypoglycemic Activity of Smallanthus sonchifolius Leaves from Nepal: An Integrated In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Approach. Food Science & Nutrition, 13. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.4672. | Caetano, B., De Moura, N., Almeida, A., Dias, M., Sivieri, K., & Barbisan, L. (2016). Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) as a Food Supplement: Health-Promoting Benefits of Fructooligosaccharides. Nutrients, 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8070436. | Toshila | Hutanger Village | ||||||
959 | Nagaland | Human | Analgesic, Antipyretic and Soap | fever and headache and soap,shampoo | Seeds are pounded & used as soap, shampoo; also bark’s powder is used in fever and headache. | soaking and powdering | nicker bean | Mackay Bean, Queensland Bean, | Entada scandens | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Toshila | Hutanger Village | ||||||
960 | Nagaland | Human | Gastritis, pneumonia and skin desieases | stomach ache, cholera, dysentery, skin diseases, constipation, pneumonia | Whole plant is chewed as a raw for stomach ache, cholera, dysentery also applied on skin diseases and during constipation or pneumonia | Chewed | "Aithang". | Chameleon plant | Houttuynia cordata | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Rafiq, S., Hao, H., Ijaz, M., & Raza, A. (2022). Pharmacological Effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunb (H. cordata): A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15091079. | Lithrongtsi | Changchor Village | |||||
961 | Nagaland | Human | As First Aid treatment | Bruise, wounds and cuts | The leaves are crushed and the juice/extract is applied in Bruise, wounds and cuts. | Paste | "Sinapon" or "Sintrong". | Redflower ragleaf | Crassocephalum crepidioides | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Can, N., & Thao, D. (2020). Wound Healing Activity of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore. Leaf Hydroethanolic Extract. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2483187. | Tsatose | Changchor Village | |||||
962 | Nagaland | Human | Anthelmentics and anti viral | Stomach Worms For kids &Flu | Ash[Hot] filtered Water It is treated for Stomach Worms For kids &Flu | Decoction | - | Khumcholila | Kiphire Village | ||||||||||
963 | Nagaland | Human | Cough | Cough | Local salt | - | Khumcholila | Kiphire Village | |||||||||||
964 | Nagaland | Human | stomach Ache | stomach Ache | Powder of Nutgal is consumed during stomach Ache | Powder | Thümpak (Lotha), | Nutgall | Rhus chinensis | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Kumzingmen | Pungro village | ||||||
965 | Nagaland | Human | Anti diarrheal | Diarrhea | Around 5 leaves re crushedand consumed during diarrhoea | Paste | Yangtsuku or Naga Garlic | Hooker Chives | Allium hookeri | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | No Scientific Evidence | kiusangthong | Pungro Village | |||||
966 | Nagaland | Human | Anti inflammatory | swelling | Leaves are heated near the fire and massagethe wound or past in a body where it swells | Paste or heated leaves | "Eri" or "Eri Pohu" | Castor plant | Ricinus communis | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Moreno, A., Viles, E., & Cañete, P. (2023). Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of higuerilla (Ricinus communis) leaves in wistar rats. Health Leadership and Quality of Life. https://doi.org/10.56294/hl2023224. | Hussain, A., Aslam, B., Muhammad, F., & Faisal, M. (2021). In vitro Antioxidant Activity and In vivo Anti-inflammatory Effect of Ricinus communis (L.) and Withania somnifera (L.) Hydroalcoholic Extracts in Rats. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2021200783. | Ngaliti | Thikenvong | ||||
967 | Nagaland | Human | Analgesic and Treatment of jaundice | Body ache/jaundice | Body ache/jaundice | Fresh Used | Sugarcane | Saccharum officinarum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Raghuvanshi, D., Dhalaria, R., Sharma, A., Kumar, D., Kumar, H., Valis, M., Kuča, K., Verma, R., & Puri, S. (2021). Ethnomedicinal Plants Traditionally Used for the Treatment of Jaundice (Icterus) in Himachal Pradesh in Western Himalaya—A Review. Plants, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020232. | Abbasi, A., Khan, M., Ahmad, M., Zafar, M., Khan, H., Muhammad, N., & Sultana, S. (2009). Medicinal plants used for the treatment of jaundice and hepatitis based on socio-economic documentation. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8, 1643-1650. https://doi.org/10.4314/AJB.V8I8.60358. | Yansushe | Anatonger Village | |||||
968 | Nagaland | Human | Burn Care | Skin Burn | skin Burn | Paste | "Michinga Patta" | Bamboo leaf | Bambusa vulgaris | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Lodhi, S., Jain, A., Rai, G., & Yadav, A. (2016). Preliminary investigation for wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of Bambusa vulgaris leaves in rats. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 7, 14 - 22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2015.07.001. | |||||||
969 | Nagaland | Human | Analgesic, Antipyretic | Body ache/Fever | Body ache/Fever | Fresh Used | Likok | Bitter eggplant | Solanum aethiopicum | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | C., O., C., E., & S., C. (2024). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Profiling of the Bioactive Compounds Present in Methanol Leaf Extract of Solanum Aethiopicum from Imo State, Nigeria. African Journal of Biology and Medical Research. https://doi.org/10.52589/ajbmr-wnxgcvpm. | |||||||
970 | Nagaland | Human | Tooth analgesic | Tooth ache | Tooth ache | "mikhu" | Sichuan pepper | Zanthoxylum | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ji, Y., Li, S., & Ho, C. (2019). Chemical composition, sensory properties and application of Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum genus). Food Science and Human Wellness. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FSHW.2019.03.008. | ||||||||
971 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment for abdominal pain | Abdominal pain | Sap is extracted from the pine braches by removing the pulp when used as wood and then it is used to treat abdominal pain whenever required by wraping the sap in a cotton cloth and then it being blowed and rubbed over the pain area. | Asii | Pinetree | Pinus roxburghii (Himalayan pine) | 🔵 Blue | Least concern | Kaushik, D., Kumar, A., Kaushik, P., & Rana, A. C. (2012). Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences, 2012, 245431. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/245431 | Chonyila | DC Ward, Kiphire Permanent address Sangtsozo, Longmetra, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
972 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat vomiting | Vomiting | Decoction | Crushing | Pomegranate | Pomegranate | Punica granatum | 🔴 Red | Least concern | Howell, A. B., & D'Souza, D. H. (2013). The Pomegranate: Effects on Bacteria and Viruses That Influence Human Health. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013, 606212. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/606212 | Sahin, K., Sahin Aktura, S., Bahceci, I., Mercantepe, T., Tumkaya, L., Topcu, A., Mercantepe, F., Duran, O. F., Uydu, H. A., & Yazici, Z. A. (2025). Is Punica granatum Efficient Against Sepsis? A Comparative Study of Amifostine Versus Pomegranate. Life (Basel), 15(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15010078 | Chonyila | DC Ward, Kiphire Permanent address Sangtsozo, Longmetra, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||
973 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat constipation | Constipation | Decoction | Crushing | Pomegranate | Pomegranate | Punica granatum | 🔴 Red | Least concern | Kuthiala, R., Deshpande, M., Parihar, P. S., Shirole, A., & Brahma, S. (2021). Beneficial Properties of Pomegranate Fruit in Treating Constipation, Boosting Memory And Various Other Uses For Human Body. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 8(01), 792-796. www.irjet.net | Chonyila | DC Ward, Kiphire Permanent address Sangtsozo, Longmetra, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
974 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy for general tonic | General Tonic | Soyabean seeds are being put in the water for 5-6 hours and then boiled. After fermentation it is being taken in the form of paste. | Fermenting | Mokomukung | Soyabean | Glycine max | 🔴 Red | Not Evaluated | Junaidi, J., Hasani, R., Rowa, S. S., Hamsina, H., Rifai, A., & Harliani, H., et al. (2025). GC–MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds of Ethanol Extract of Soybean Glycine Max (L.) Merril. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 9(4), 1553–1558. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v9i4.26 | Apichumla | DC, Ward, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
975 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to control blood pressure | Control blood pressure | Decoction or eat like a vegetable with rice or bread after making the racipee | Crushing | Khangkhasi | Clerodendrum colebrookianum | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated | Gupta, M., Mazumder, U. K., & Das, S. (1994). Effect of leaf extract from Clerodendron colebrookianum on blood pressure in rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 32(3), 216–217. | Nath, S. C., & Bordoloi, D. N. (1991). Clerodendrum colebrookianum, a folk remedy for the treatment of hypertension in northeastern India. Journal of Pharmacognosy, 29(2), 127–129. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209109082863 | Achumla | Bazar Ward, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
976 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to cough | Cough | Paste | Khangkhasi | Clerodendrum colebrookianum | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated | Kalita, R., Nath, D., Sandilya, S., & Deka, S. (2024). Evaluation of Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and In-Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Clerodendrum Colebrookianum Stem Extract. Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 14(2) | Achumla | Bazar Ward, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
977 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to control blood pressure | Control blood pressure | Eat it directly. It is very effective, people are using it. | Chewing | Khangkhasi | Clerodendrum colebrookianum | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated | Kalita, R., Nath, D., Sandilya, S., & Deka, S. (2024). Evaluation of Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and In-Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Clerodendrum Colebrookianum Stem Extract. Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 14(2). | Achumla | Bazar Ward, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
978 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to increases milk in lactating mother | Increases milk in lactating mother | Papaya is being peeles and boiled in water for some tme and after removing it from water. It is beiing served to the women having less breast milk. | Boiling | Papaya | Carica papaya | 🔴 Red | Data deficient | Pratiwi, T. E., & Suwondo, A. (2018). Exclusive breastfeeding improvement program using Carica papaya leaf extract on the levels of prolactin hormones. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 7, 548–551. | Achumla | Bazar Ward, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
979 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to control louse motion | Louse motion | Crush the leves and extract sap out of it and it is given to the patients. Adults can also eat it directly. | Crushing | Lereach | Crepers | Not identified | Not applicable | - | Achumla | Bazar Ward, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
980 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to cure craps during menstrual periods | Cramps | 5 to 6 leaves of this plant are wrapped together to form a pad and after heating it for some time it is being put on the abdominal to relieve pain. Sap is also applied | Heating | Thsangritapa | Not identified | Not applicable | - | Chonyila | DC Ward, Kiphire Permanent address Sangtsozo, Longmetra, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
981 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat cough | Cough | Decoction | Boiling | c/o. Chonyila | Not identified | Not applicable | - | Chonyila | DC Ward, Kiphire Permanent address Sangtsozo, Longmetra, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
982 | Nagaland | Human Health | Local salt used to treat cough | Cough | Local salt is being taken orally to treat cough. The tradional paractice of preparing this salt out of the water from a particular river of Kiphire District. Five frying pans are heated in a series and this water is being passed throug all the pans by transfering it into another till the water gets evaporated completely. Then a plate of banana paper is put on the last frying pan in which the salt is being stored to carry it in the form of a tikki. | Boiling | Local Salt | Local Salt | Not identified | Not applicable | - | Chonyila | DC Ward, Kiphire Permanent address Sangtsozo, Longmetra, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
983 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy for diabeties | Diabeties | Adults can also eat it directly. | Chewing | Lereach | Crepers | Not applicable | Ota, A., & Ulrih, N. (2017). An Overview of Herbal Products and Secondary Metabolites Used for Management of Type Two Diabetes. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00436. | Achumla | Bazar Ward, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
984 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy for ringworm | Ringworm | Koolpe whole plant, Anyanglungpli whole plant and Shingamizhi (Yellow ginger) rhyzome is crushed separetely to extract sap which is mixed together with same ratio and heated foe some time. After cooling down this is used to treat multiple skin diseases. | Mixing | Shing | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | 🔴 Red | Data Deficient | Kadam, D. (2022). MANAGEMENT OF DADRU (TINEA INFECTION) WITH HERBIMINIRALS: A CASE STUDY [An Ayurvedic management of Dadru (Tinea infection/Ringworm). Journal of Research and Education in Indian Medicine. https://doi.org/10.5455/jreim.82-1635266753. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
985 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to eczema | Eczema | Koolpe whole plant, Anyanglungpli whole plant and Shingamizhi (Yellow ginger) rhyzome is crushed separetely to extract sap which is mixed together with same ratio and heated foe some time. After cooling down this is used to treat multiple skin diseases. | Mixing | Shing | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | 🔴 Red | Data Deficient | No Scientific Validation | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
986 | Nagaland | Herbal remedy for piles | Piles | Pineapple leaves and guawa middle leaves are boiled together for some time and after sieving the water is used to apply directly with a piece of cotton to treat piles. | Boiling | Zhirong | Pineapple | Ananas comosus | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No Scientific Validation | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
987 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy joint pain | Joint pain | Allovera jel is mixed with the extract of multiple ingredients like Anyanglangpli, local ginger, Yacon (Ground apple), Shinzha, local garlic and tulsi and then applied on joints to releve pain | Mixing | Anipa | Aloe vera | Aloe barbadensis | 🔴 Red | Not evaluated | Ziaei, A., Sahranavard, S., & Faizi, M. (2016). Topical herbal remedies for treatment of joint pain according to Iranian Traditional Medicine. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy, 3, 63-72. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
988 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to blood coagulation | Blood coagulation | Bambo skin is used directly on the live cuts to control bleeding | Paste | Xuh zu | Bambo | Babusaideae | ⚫ Black | Not evaluated | No Scientific Validation | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
989 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to haedache | Haedache | Take it hot after boiling | Boiling | Coffee | Coffee | Coffea arabica | 🔵 Blue | Endangered | Kisoi, G. (2018). Comparative Analysis of Phytoconstituents, Caffeine Levels, Anti-bacterial Activities and Evolutionary Analysis of Acacia nilotica (subalata) and Coffea arabica Varieties (Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT-COHES). | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
990 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to control stress | Stress | Decoction | Achumla | Achumla | Curcuma ungmensis | 🔵 Blue | Data Deficient | No Scientific Validation | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
991 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to blood cougulation | Blood Cougulation | Apply paste after crusing | Paste | Burma Ghas | Burma Ghas | Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) | 🟤 Brown | Not evaluated | Kiblasan, J. I. A., Bangsail, R. T., & Paredes, A. L. Y. (2021). Efficacy of Philippine Ageratina Adenophoraas Home Remedy to Stop Bleedingamong Natives of Western Mountain Province. Medico-legal Update, 21(2), 1495. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
992 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to jamed blood pain | Jamed blood pain | Use it directly | Paste | Tsitsva | Tsitsva | wild lettuce | 🟤 Brown | Not evaluated | Besharat, S., Besharat, M., & Jabbari, A. (2009). Wild lettuce (Lactuca virosa) toxicity. Case Reports, 2009, bcr0620080134. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
993 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to contro dandruff | Dandruff | Use it directly | Crushing | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | ⚫ Black | Least Concern | Suharitha, K., Francis, A. M., Rohini, B. R., & Nikhila, S. (2021). Comparative Study of Averrhoa Bilimbi, Ricinus Communis and Saraca Asoca Leaf Extracts on Dandruff Causing Fungus and Bacterial Strains. Kristu Jayanti Journal of Core and Applied Biology (KJCAB), 17-21. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
994 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to cure cough | Cough | Turmeric with mustard oil | Crushing | Miyoun | Turmeric | Curcuma longa | 🟢 Green | Not evaluated | Ekasari, W., Widyowati, R., Kurnia, N. D., Jayanegara, A. Q., Sari, A. L., & Sahu, R. K. (2025). Exploration of the Use of Traditional Herbs to Overcome Cough and Cold in Three Provinces of East Java Province. The Scientific World Journal, 2025(1), 1622754. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
995 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment for injury | Injury | Use directly | Blue Ginger | Blue Ginger | Dichorisandra thyrsiflora | ⚫ Black | Near Threatened | Saha, S., Alshammari, A., Albekairi, N. A., Zulfiquar, T. N., Shakil, M. S., Mondal, K. R., ... & Mubarak, M. S. (2024). Exploring the antioxidant and protective effects of Marsdenia thyrsiflora Hook. f. leaf extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rat models. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15, 1463922. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
996 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to control headache | Headache | Apply on head | Boiling | Shing | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | 🔴 Red | Data Deficient | Naeimi, M., Gorji, N., Memariani, Z., Moeini, R., Kamalinejad, M., & Kolangi, F. (2019). Gastroprotective herbs for headache management in Persian medicine: A comprehensive review.. Journal of integrative medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2019.11.004. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
997 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment fo cut | Sore | Use directly | Paste | Shing nyah | Black ginger | Kaempferia parviflora | ⚫Black | Data Deficient (DD) | Thairat, S., Chantadul, V., Kaewmuangmoon, J., & Mala, S. (2025). Effects of Thai Kaempferia Parviflora Extract on Human Gingival Fibroblasts: An in vitro Study of Wound Healing. Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry, 15, 126 - 133. https://doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_214_24. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
998 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment for burn injury | Burn | Apply it directly | Crushing | alovera | alovera | Aloe barbadensis | 🔴 Red | Not assessed | Huang, Y., Chen, K., Wang, J., & Lin, Y. (2024). Effects of aloe vera on burn injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irae061. | Souad, B. (2025). Efficacy of Aloe Vera in the Treatment of Skin Burns: A review of its Therapeutic properties and Clinical Applications. International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.62877/10-ijcbs-25-27-21-10. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||
999 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to control fever | Fever | Take with tea | Shinzha | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | 🔴 Red | Data Deficient (DD) | Bhowmik, D., Tripathi, K. K., Chandira, M. R., & Kumar, K. P. (2010). Zingiber officinale the herbal and traditional medicine and its therapeutically importance. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2(2), 102-110. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1000 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal Tonic as imunity booster | Tonic | Take is directly as a fruit. | Zhirong | Pineapple | Ananas comosus | 🟤 Brown | Not assessed | Mappa, M., & Kuna, M. (2022). The Use of Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) As an Antioxidant To Increase Immunity in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic Pemanfaatan Buah Nanas (Ananas comosus L.) Sebagai Antioksidan Untuk Meningkatkan Imunitas Tubuh di Era Pandemi Covid 19. . | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1001 | Nagaland | Unused plant in the forest | Used as fire wood only | Teak Tree | Tectona grandis | 🟤 Brown | Endangered (EN) | Ruslim, Y., Sandalayuk, D., Kristiningrum, R., & Alam, A. (2021). Estimation of Above Ground Biomass and carbon stocks of Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea stands in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity. https://doi.org/10.13057/BIODIV/D220354. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||||
1002 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cut or wound | Wound healing | Use directly | Crushing | Burma Ghas | Burma Ghas | Ageratina adenophora | 🟤 Brown | Not assessed (invasive) | Kiblasan, J., Bangsail, R., & Paredes, A. (2021). Efficacy of Philippine Ageratina Adenophoraas Home Remedy to Stop Bleedingamong Natives of Western Mountain Province. Medico Legal Update. https://doi.org/10.37506/MLU.V21I2.2905. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1003 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment for ulcer | Ulcer | Take it as a vegetable | Banana shuit | Banana shuit | Musa | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Ulser, T. (2016). Antiulcer activity of Musa paradisiaca [banana] tepal and skin extracts in ulcer induced albino mice. Malaysian journal of analytical sciences, 20(5), 1203-1216. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1004 | Nagaland | Human Health | Organic preservative | Increases shelflife of meat | Boil meet in banana leave it increases shelflife of pork and beaf meat | Banana peel | Banana shuit | Musa | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Manzoor, A., & Ahmad, S. (2021). Banana Peel: Characteristics and consideration of its extract for use in meat products preservation: A review. ACS Food Science & Technology, 1(9), 1492-1506. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1005 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment to cure diabetes | Diabetes | Chew directly | Mango | Mango | Mangifera indica | 🟢 Green | Data Deficient (DD) | Ngo, D. H., Ngo, D. N., Vo, T. T. N., & Vo, T. S. (2019). Mechanism of action of Mangifera indica leaves for anti-diabetic activity. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 87(2), 13. | Samanta, S., Chanda, R., Ganguli, S., Reddy, A. G., & Banerjee, J. (2019). Anti-diabetic activity of mango (Mangifera indica): a review. MOJ Bioequiv Availab, 6(2), 23-26. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1006 | Nagaland | Human Health | Remedy to manage weight | Weight loss and digestion | Eat directly | Avocado | Avocado | Persea americana | 🟢 Green | Not assessed | Henning, S., Yang, J., Woo, S., Lee, R., Huang, J., Rasmusen, A., Carpenter, C., Thames, G., Gilbuena, I., Tseng, C., Heber, D., & Li, Z. (2019). Hass Avocado Inclusion in a Weight-Loss Diet Supported Weight Loss and Altered Gut Microbiota: A 12-Week Randomized, Parallel-Controlled Trial. Current Developments in Nutrition, 3. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz068. | Wang, L., Tao, L., Hao, L., Stanley, T., Huang, K., Lambert, J., & Kris-Etherton, P. (2019). A Moderate-Fat Diet with One Avocado per Day Increases Plasma Antioxidants and Decreases the Oxidation of Small, Dense LDL in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of Nutrition, 150, 276 - 284. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz231. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1007 | Nagaland | Human Health | Remedy to treat constipations | Constipations | Eat directly | Papaya | Papaya | Carica papaya | 🔴 Red | Not assessed | Aravind, G., Bhowmik, D., , S., & , G. (2013). Health Benefits and Medicinal Properties of Carica papaya. Annals of Plant Sciences, 2, 59-65. | Ali, A., Devarajan, S., Waly, M., Essa, M. M., & Rahman, M. S. (2011). Nutritional and medicinal value of papaya (Carica papaya L.). Natural products and bioactive compounds in disease prevention, 34-42. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1008 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to contro dandruff | Dandruff | Use it directly | Crushing | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | 🟢 Green | Not assessed | K., S., Francis, A., R, R., S., N., & M., S. (2021). Comparative Study of Averrhoa Bilimbi, Ricinus Communis and Saraca Asoca Leaf Extracts on Dandruff Causing Fungus and Bacterial Strains. Kristu Jayanti Journal of Core and Applied Biology (KJCAB). https://doi.org/10.59176/kjcab.v1i1.2172. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1009 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat jouinds | jaundice | Jouinds, continue for 1 week | Crushing | Sugarcane | Saccharum officinarum | 🟤 Brown | Not assessed | Panjaitan, R. G. P., & Yuliana, Y. G. S. (2021). Ethno-Medicinal plants used for medication of jaundice by The Chinese, Dayak, and Malays ethnic in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Pharmacognosy Journal, 13(4). | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1010 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat kidney stone | Kidney stone | Take its sap after extration | Crushing | Matakwa | Matakwa | Kalanchoe pinnata | 🟢 Green | Not evaluated | El Abdellaoui, S., Destandau, E., Toribio, A., Elfakir, C., Lafosse, M., Renimel, I., ... & Landemarre, L. (2010). Bioactive molecules in Kalanchoe pinnata leaves: extraction, purification, and identification. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 398(3), 1329-1338. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1011 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal tonic as imunity booster | Tonic | Stephania can be used to balance acidity levels and promote the flow of chi (energy) in the body. | Crushing | Chikashe | Chikashe | Stephania erecta Craib | ⚫ Black | Not evaluated | No scientific validation | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1012 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal tonic | Prevents aging | It as acts as an anti aging agent | Juice | Sugarcane | Saccharum officinarum | 🟢 Green | Not evaluated | No scientific validation | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1013 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment to cure dysentery | Abdominal pain | Take with milk | Crushing | Mint | Mentha | 🟢 Green | Least Concern | No scientific validation | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1014 | Nagaland | Human Health | Used to treat live cut | Cut | Use directly, usually by smoking the plant or chewing it, in larger doses nicotine causes vomiting | Tobacco | Nicotiana rustica | 🟤 Brown | Not evaluated | Derleme, T. G. T. K. B. Traditional Medicinal Usage of Tobacco–A Review. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1015 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment to cure diahorrea | Diahorrea | A decoction of the bark is used to cure dysentery, while the dried buds are used to cure diahorrea. A decoction made from the root of the kachnar is said to prevent people becoming obese. An infusion of the flower buds is good to get rid of coughs. | Cooking | Kachnar or Orchid Tree | Flower Vegetable | Bauhinia variegata | 🟢 Green | Least Concern | Singh, N., Singh, A., & Pabla, D. (2019). A Review on Medicinal Uses of Bauhinia Variegata Linn. , 7, 12-17. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1016 | Nagaland | Human Health | Used to treat constipations | Constipations | Eat directly | Banana | Musa paradisiaca | 🟢 Green | Not evaluated | Imam, M. Z., & Akter, S. (2011). Musa paradisiaca L. and Musa sapientum L.: A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, (Issue), 14-20. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1017 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal tonic | Increases digestion | Vegetable good for digestion | Boiling | Paanu | Taro | Colocasia esculenta | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Prajapati, R., Kalariya, M., Umbarkar, R., Parmar, S., & Sheth, N. (2011). Colocasia esculenta: A potent indigenous plant. International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases, 1(2), 90-96. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1018 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment for blood control | Blood coagulation | Powderd or paste is used on live cuts to control blood | Crushing | Paanu | Taro | Colocasia esculenta | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Ufelle, S. A., Onyekwelu, K. C., Ghasi, S., Ezeh, C. O., Ezeh, R. C., & Esom, E. A. (2018). Effects of Colocasia esculenta leaf extract in anemic and normal wistar rats. Journal of Medical Sciences, 38(3), 102-106. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1019 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat constipations | Constipations | Recipee | Cooking | Paanu | Taro | Colocasia esculenta | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Pawar, H. A., Choudhary, P. D., & Kamat, S. R. (2018). An overview of traditionally used herb, Colocasia esculenta, as a phytomedicine. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 7(2), 2167-0412. | Perila | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1020 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat diarrhea | Diarrhea | Recipee | Cooking | Paanu | Taro | Colocasia esculenta | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Obsa Terfa, T., Abera Kebede, F., Kitessa Beyene, M., Tesfaye Abebe, T., Basazn Mekuria, A., & Seid Yesuf, J. (2024). Evaluation of In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activities of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of Peels of Colocasia esculenta (Araceae). Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2024(1), 2728282. | Perila | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1021 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat stomach ache | Stomach ache | Recipee | Cooking | Paanu | Taro | Colocasia esculenta | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Prajapati, R., Kalariya, M., Umbarkar, R., Parmar, S., & Sheth, N. (2011). Colocasia esculenta: A potent indigenous plant. International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases, 1(2), 90-96. | Perila | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1022 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment for blood thinning | Blood thinner | Prepairing consentrated lemon extract by squizing the lemmon, filteration and heating process | Boiling | Lemon | Citrus × limon | 🔵 Blue | No data | Riaz, A., Khan, R. A., Mirza, T., Mustansir, T., & Ahmed, M. (2014). In vitro/in vivo effect of Citrus limon (L. Burm. f.) juice on blood parameters, coagulation and anticoagulation factors in rabbits. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 27(4). | Esther | Anatongre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1023 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural treatment for wounds | Wounds | Raw hony is applied | Honey | - | Not applicable | - | Esther | Anatongre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||||
1024 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural treatment for wounds | Burn cuts | Raw hony is applied | Honey | - | Not applicable | - | Yılmaz, A., & Aygin, D. (2020). HONEY DRESSING IN WOUND TREATMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.. Complementary therapies in medicine, 51, 102388 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102388. | Esther | Anatongre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1025 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment for gut health | Gut health | Raw or sliced, dipped in sugar solution for 36 hours and mixed some termeric powder and then fri it in coconut oil paked it in polythene. Added ingrients, Sugar 1kg with 2 liters of water. | Frying | Banana | Musa paradisiaca | 🔴 RED | Not Evaluated | Singapurwa, N., Candra, I., Semariyani, A., Nursini, N., Kusumaningsih, P., Jiwantara, G., & Djelantik, S. (2025). Prebiotic ability of musa balbisiana colla stems on the growth of Pediococcus acidilactici in vitro and probiotic encapsulation. BIO Web of Conferences. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202515501006. | Esther | Anatongre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1026 | Nagaland | Natural remedy for diabetes | Diabetes | Cooked flowers are good food for diabetics | Banana | Musa paradisiaca | 🔴 RED | Not Evaluated | Rotimi, D., Rotimi, D., Ogunniran, A., Ojo, O., Oluteye, T., & Maimako, R. (2024). The mechanism of Musa paradisiaca treatment in Diabetes mellitus. 2024 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Driving Sustainable Development Goals (SEB4SDG), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1109/SEB4SDG60871.2024.10629697. | Esther | Anatongre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||||
1027 | Nagaland | Human Health | Alternative chips | Constipations | Round chips are prepraid by dipped in sugar solution for 36 hours and mixed some termeric powder and then fri it in coconut oil paked it in polythene. Added ingrients, Sugar 1kg with 2 liters of water. | Apple | Malus domestica | 🔴 RED | Not Evaluated | Oka, V., Nna, V., Inyang, E., & Ikpe, J. (2014). Methanolic extract of Malus domestica mitigates formalin - Induced derangements in small intestinal motility and transit. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 5, 45-50. https://doi.org/10.3126/AJMS.V5I3.9106. | Esther | Anatongre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1028 | Nagaland | Agriculture Practice | Natural remedy to increase shelflife of seeds | Antibacteria | Kholar (Rajma) can be protected from damge due to pest by this herb for a year, Directly rub this herb with beans or add dry powder | Pomelo | Citrus maxima | 🔴 RED | Least Concern | Singh, P., Shukla, R., Prakash, B., Kumar, A., Singh, S., Mishra, P., & Dubey, N. (2010). Chemical profile, antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic and antioxidant activity of Citrus maxima Burm. and Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck essential oils and their cyclic monoterpene, DL-limonene.. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 48 6, 1734-40 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.001. | Tsatosa | Yingshukui, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1029 | Nagaland | Human Health | Iron tonic | Iron deficiency | Recipee | Cooking | Beans | Phaseolus vulgaris | 🔴 RED | Not Evaluated | Nsiri, K., & Krouma, A. (2023). The Key Physiological and Biochemical Traits Underlying Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Response to Iron Deficiency, and Related Interrelationships. Agronomy. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13082148. | Kiphire | |||||||
1030 | Nagaland | Human Health | Regular food for diabeties patients | Diabetes | Bread | Maize | Zea mays | 🔴 RED | Not Evaluated | Gomez, E. (2015). 113: THE EFFECTS OF CORN (ZEA MAYS) IN THE DIETARY MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. BMJ Open, 5. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-forum2015abstracts.113. | Kiphire | ||||||||
1031 | Nagaland | Human Health | Spice good for stomach | Stomach ache | Spices, Serum is also made out of it | Cooking | Mountain Pepper | Tasmannia lanceolata | 🔵 BLUE | Not Evaluated | Cock, I. (2013). The phytochemistry and chemotherapeutic potential of Tasmannia lanceolata (Tasmanian pepper): A review. Pharmacognosy Communications, 3, 1-13. | Kiphire | |||||||
1032 | Nagaland | Human Health | Millet good for blood | Decreases fat in blood | Recipee | Mumtse | Jops tear | Coix lacryma-jobi | 🔴 RED | Least Concern | Lee, Y., Park, H., Cho, S., Park, S., & Kim, M. (2021). The Effect of Yulmu (Coix lacryma-jobi L.)-Sunsik on Obesity and Hyperlipidemia in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2021.50.7.664. | Kiphire | |||||||
1033 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural agent for skin whitening | Skin whitening | Its extrat is used | Crushing | Mumtse | Jops tear | Coix lacryma-jobi | 🔴 RED | Least Concern | Uehara, S., Yoshikawa, C., Yoshida, M., Mizuno, M., Ryu, A., Kyo, H., & Suzuki, N. (2019). Effect of the Hot Water Extract of Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf with Husks on Skin Improvement. Japanese Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1625/JCAM.16.33. | Kiphire | ||||||
1034 | Nagaland | Human Health | Vegetable used to treat gastric issue | Gastric Issue | Vegetavle | Thringpipi | Not applicable | - | Liroba | Risethsi, Kipkire | Kiphire | ||||||||
1035 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to control blood | Blood Coagulation | Leaves after crushing are applied directly. | Burma gass | Burma gass | Ageratina adenophora | 🟤 BROWN | Not Threatened | Kiblasan, J., Bangsail, R., & Paredes, A. (2021). Efficacy of Philippine Ageratina Adenophoraas Home Remedy to Stop Bleedingamong Natives of Western Mountain Province. Medico Legal Update. https://doi.org/10.37506/MLU.V21I2.2905. | Liroba | Risethsi, Kipkire | Kiphire | |||||
1036 | Nagaland | Human Health | Used to control blood | Blood Cougulant | Applied directly, it is sticky and combines cut quickly | Nichusing | Not applicable | - | Lilsacho | Risethsi, Kipkire | Kiphire | ||||||||
1037 | Nagaland | Animal Health | Grass | Pig Feed | Given to pigs directly | Pipipi | Not applicable | - | Amahator, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||||||
1038 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat ringworm | Ringworm | Put a piece of paper over effected area and wrap over a leaf over it with the help of a cloth piece, after some time remove it. | Akangphuvha | Not applicable | - | Thriochumla | Kisetong, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||||
1039 | Nagaland | Human Health | Used to control blood | Blood Cougulant | Use directly | Rangsi | Not applicable | - | Thriochumla | Kisetong, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||||
1040 | Nagaland | Human Health | mustard oil to treat headache | Headache | Heat and wrap over head | mustard | Brassica nigra | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (global, IUCN 3.1) | Vishwanath, B. (2021). Preparation and Characterization Mustard Oil, Nutmeg and Cloves to Treat Headache. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39526. | Thriochumla | Kisetong, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1041 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat cough | Cough | Take some quantity of crushed ginger with honey | Shing | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient (DD) | Bera, K., Nosalova, G., Sivová, V., & Ray, B. (2016). Structural Elements and Cough Suppressing Activity of Polysaccharides from Zingiber officinale Rhizome. Phytotherapy Research, 30, 105 - 111. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5508. | Bera, K., Nosalova, G., Sivova, V., & Ray, B. (2016). Structural elements and cough suppressing activity of polysaccharides from Zingiber officinale rhizome. Phytotherapy Research, 30(1), 105-111. | Thriochumla | Kisetong, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1042 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural facewash | Face wash | Rouse water is applied on face as toner | Rose | Rosa | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Varies; e.g., R. arabica is CR | Bhagwat, J., Bagwe, G., Aryan, A., Babar, H., Avhad, P., & Uppalwar, S. (2024). Herbal Medicinal Plant Used in Facewash for Skin Care. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0124.0214. | , A., Khisse, D., , P., Bari, S., , O., Patil, V., , M., Pakhare, K., , Y., & Kunjir, A. (2023). A REVIEW ON: ALOV VERA FACE WASH. . | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1043 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment for fungal infection | Fungal Infection | Used directly | Akangphuvha | Pittosporum lancifolium | 🟫 Brown | Not Evaluated | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||||
1044 | Nagaland | Human Health | Used to treat stomach ache | Stomach ache | Recipee of leaves | Tringuveh | Not applicable | - | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||||
1045 | Nagaland | Human Health | Used to control diabetes | Diabetes | Boiled leaves are given to diabetes Patients | Zetong | Koenigia mollis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bhutia, R., Rai, Y. K., & Rai, L. K. (2021). Wild edible plant used by ethnic peoples on the boundary of subtropical & temperate natural forest, Mamlay watershed, South Sikkim. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources (IJNPR)[Formerly Natural Product Radiance (NPR)], 11(4), 350-357. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1046 | Nagaland | Human Health | Used to control blood pressure | Blood pressure | Boiled leaves are given to PB Patients | Zetong | Koenigia mollis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | No scientific citation | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1047 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural tea to control diabetes | diabeties | Eaten as geen tea for diabeties | Agurshi | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Mazhin, S. A., Zaker, M. A., Shahbazian, H. B., Azemi, M. E., & Madanchi, N. (2016). Ficus carica leaves decoction on glycemic factors of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind clinical trial. Jundishapur. J. Nat. Pharm. Prod, 11, e25814. | Gillani, M., Iftikhar, H., Lodhi, A., & Pasha, I. (2018). Development and Characterisation of Fig (Ficus carica) Leaves Tea with Special Reference to Hypoglycemic Effect: Ficus Leaves Tea for Hypoglycemia. Biological Sciences-PJSIR, 61(2), 78-83. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1048 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to cure food poisoning | Food poisening | Given with recipee | Sami | Sumac | Rhus coriaria | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Al-Mousawi, A. H., Abass, A. A., & Mansor, M. R. (2023, December). Antibacterial activity of some plant extracts against bacteria that cause food poisoning diseases in meat beef. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2977, No. 1, p. 040136). AIP Publishing LLC. | Aal-Tay, A. F. R. (2015). Natural phenolic extracts from cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), sumac (Rhus coriaria) and pomegranate (Punica granatum)-Potential application to control pathogenic bacteria in foods. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1049 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to cure stomach ache | Stomach ache | Given with recipee | Sami | Sumac | Rhus coriaria | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Shabbir, A. (2012). Rhus coriaria linn, a plant of medicinal, nutritional and industrial importance: a review. J Anim Plant Sci, 22(2), 505-12. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1050 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to cure loose motion | Louse motion | Given with recipee | Sami | Sumac | Rhus coriaria | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Shabbir, A. (2012). Rhus coriaria linn, a plant of medicinal, nutritional and industrial importance: a review. J Anim Plant Sci, 22(2), 505-12. | Janbaz, K. H., Shabbir, A., Mehmood, H., & Gilani, A. H. (2014). Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of Rhus coriaria in hyperactive gut disorders. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 9(4), 636. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1051 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to cure vomiting | Vomiting | Given with recipee | Sami | Sumac | Rhus coriaria | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Shabbir, A. (2012). Rhus coriaria linn, a plant of medicinal, nutritional and industrial importance: a review. J Anim Plant Sci, 22(2), 505-12. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1052 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural substance used for meet merinatation | Meat merination | Mixed with meet | Sami | Sumac | Rhus coriaria | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Shabbir, A. (2012). Rhus coriaria linn, a plant of medicinal, nutritional and industrial importance: a review. J Anim Plant Sci, 22(2), 505-12. | Sakhr, K., & El Khatib, S. (2019). The use of Syrian Sumac (Rhus coriaria) as a meat tenderizer: effect on fat, protein and collagen profiles on pectoralis superficialis cut. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(8), 1203-1215. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1053 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to cure tooth ache | Toothache | Given directly | Tsimingshi (Thorn leaves) | Solanum viarum | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Pandey, S., Patel, P., Prasad, A., Sawant, S. V., & Misra, P. (2020). Assessment of direct shoot organogenesis and genetic fidelity in Solanum viarum Dunal—a commercially important medicinal plant. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 56(4), 538-547 | Thakur, M., Verma, R., Kumar, D., Das, P. P., Dhalaria, R., Kumar, A., ... & Kumar, D. (2024). Revisiting the ethnomedicinal, ethnopharmacological, phytoconstituents and phytoremediation of the plant Solanum viarum Dunal. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 397(8), 5513-5531. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1054 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to cure toothache | Toothache | Toothache, chew directly | Sichuan Pepper | Zanthoxylum piperitum | 🟢 Green | Least Concern (LC) | Kim, M. H., Lee, H. J., Park, J. C., Hong, J., & Yang, W. M. (2017). Zanthoxylum piperitum reversed alveolar bone loss of periodontitis via regulation of bone remodeling-related factors. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 195, 137-142. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1055 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to cure muscle pain | Muscle pain | Its extract is used to muscle contraction and have potential in pain management. | Sichuan Pepper | Zanthoxylum piperitum | 🟢 Green | Least Concern (LC) | Yun, S. W., Seo, Y. J., Kwon, J. E., Park, D. W., Lee, Y. G., Choe, T. H., ... & Kang, S. C. (2022). Preclinical evaluation of Zanthoxylum piperitum Benn., traditional muscle pain remedy, for joint inflammation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 286, 114921. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1056 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment for live cuts | Live cut | To combine live woundcut by applying directly | Aikho | oncidium | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | de Gaspi, F. O. D. G., Foglio, M. A., de Carvalho, J. E., Santos, G. M. T., Testa, M., Passarini Jr, J. R., ... & Mendonça, F. A. S. (2011). Effects of the topical application of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Oncidium flexuosum Sims.(Orchidaceae) and microcurrent on the healing of wounds surgically induced in Wistar rats. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011(1), 950347. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1057 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural tea to control diabetes | Diabetes | Eaten as geen tea for diabeties | Ngursih | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red | Least Concern (LC) | Mazhin, S. A., Zaker, M. A., Shahbazian, H. B., Azemi, M. E., & Madanchi, N. (2016). Ficus carica leaves decoction on glycemic factors of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind clinical trial. Jundishapur. J. Nat. Pharm. Prod, 11, e25814. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1058 | Nagaland | Human Health | Treatment for inflammation | Body inflammation | Fern recipee helps to reduce inflammation in the body | Fern | Fern | Matteuccia struthiopteris | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (global NE) | Wang, X., Guo, J., Zang, S., Liu, B., & Wu, Y. (2024). Comparison of Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant Potential, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity and Volatile Components Based on HS-SPME-GC-MS of Different Parts from Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro. Molecules, 29(5), 1142. | Dion, C., Haug, C., Guan, H., Ripoll, C., Spiteller, P., Coussaert, A., ... & Lamottke, K. (2015). Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potential of four fern species from China intended for use as food supplements. Natural Product Communications, 10(4), 1934578X1501000416. | Vitoli | Sitimi, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1059 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural blood thinig agent | Heart issues | Flowers assist in reducing heart issue | Rotho denderon | Rhododendron arboreum | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | No scientific citation | Vitoli | Sitimi, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1060 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural blood thinig agent | Cholesterol | Flowers assist in reducing cholesterol level | Rotho denderon | Rhododendron arboreum | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Thangaraj, V. (2013). Hypolipidemic effect of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. linn flower juice in experimentally induced hypercholestermic rabbits. | Vitoli | Sitimi, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1061 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural oil helps to keep skin hydrated | Skin moisturing | Use directly | Indian Olive | loribundus Blume | Not applicable | Not Evaluated (unclear identity) | Badiu, D., & Rajendram, R. (2021). Effect of olive oil on the skin. Olives and olive oil in health and disease prevention, 401-413. | Vitoli | Sitimi, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1062 | Nagaland | Human Health | Organic vegetable | Vegetable | Shoots are eaten by humans as a vegetable | Ngursih | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red | Least Concern (LC) | Hiwale, S. (2015). Fig (Ficus carica). In Sustainable Horticulture in semiarid dry lands (pp. 159-175). New Delhi: Springer India. | Vitoli | Sitimi, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1063 | Nagaland | Human Health | Leaves are feed to pigs | Feed | Leaves are feed to pigs | Ngursih | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red | Least Concern (LC) | Osowe, C. O., Olowu, O. P. A., Adu, O. A., Oloruntola, O. D., & Chineke, C. A. (2021). Proximate and mineral composition, phytochemical analysis, and antioxidant activity of fig trees (Ficus spp.) leaf powder. Asian journal of biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 9(1), 19-29. | Baah, J., Tait, R. M., & Tuah, A. K. (1999). The effect of supplementation with ficus leaves on the utilization of cassava peels by sheep. Bioresource technology, 67(1), 47-51. | Vitoli | Sitimi, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1064 | Nagaland | Human Health | Aids digestion | Digestion | Boil and remove the outer skin of the taro and consume directly. | Ayie | Taro | Colocasia esculenta | 🟢 Green | Least Concern (LC) | Zubair, M. W., Imran, A., Islam, F., Afzaal, M., Saeed, F., Zahra, S. M., ... & Awuchi, C. G. (2023). Functional profile and encapsulating properties of Colocasia esculenta (Taro). Food Science & Nutrition, 11(6), 2440-2449. | Tu, L., Nisar, T., Lv, C. Q., Yang, Z. F., Fang, Z., Wang, Z. C., & Lin, Y. (2023). Physicochemical and digestive properties of Lipu taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) flour and starch. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 58(3), 1444-1453. | Vitoli | Sitimi, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1065 | Nagaland | Human Health | Treatment for gastric issues | Gastric problem | Recipee | Akuhu | Yacon | Smallanthus sonchifolius | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | Pereira, M. F., Soares, I. D. C., Cabral, M. M., de Freitas, P. A., Sousa, G. M., Magalhães, S. C., ... & de Oliveira, K. A. (2025). Impacts of Yacon Syrup (Smallanthus sonchifolius) on Human Health: A Systematic Review of Scientific Evidence from the Last Decade. Nutrients, 17(5), 888. | de Almeida Paula, H. A., Abranches, M. V., & de Luces Fortes Ferreira, C. L. (2015). Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius): A food with multiple functions. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 55(1), 32-40. | Vitoli | Sitimi, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1066 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural tooth cleaner | Tooth cleaning | Pulf of roots | Ayako Thi | Walnut | Juglans regia | ⚫ Black | Least Concern (LC) | Khattak, P., Khalil, T., Bibi, S., Jabeen, H., Muhammad, N., Khan, M., & Liaqat, S. (2022). Juglans Regia (Walnut Tree) Bark in Dentistry. Pakistan BioMedical Journal. https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v5i1.201. | Al-Rawi, R., Bashir, Y., Mustafa, A., Omar, M., Al-Rawi, N., Saeed, M., Uthman, A., & Al-Rawi, N. (2021). Teeth Whitening and Antibacterial Effects of Juglans regia Bark: A Preliminary Study. International Journal of Dentistry, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6685437. | Vitoli | Sitimi, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1067 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal tonic to control blood presure | Leaves | Blood pressure | Nananeya | Not applicable | - | Vitoli | Sitimi, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||||
1068 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment to treat BP | Blood pressure | Multifunctional food, can be used food ingredient and spice | Anguthi | Sichuan Pepper | Zanthoxylum piperitum | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Li, X., Kim, H. Y., Cui, H. Z., Cho, K. W., Kang, D. G., & Lee, H. S. (2010). Water extract of Zanthoxylum piperitum induces vascular relaxation via endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP signaling. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 129(2), 197-202. | Yun, S. W., Seo, Y. J., Kwon, J. E., Park, D. W., Lee, Y. G., Choe, T. H., ... & Kang, S. C. (2022). Preclinical evaluation of Zanthoxylum piperitum Benn., traditional muscle pain remedy, for joint inflammation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 286, 114921. | Sichuan Pepper | ||||||
1069 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to impove digestion | Digestion | Multifunctional food, can be used food ingredient and spice | Anguthi | Sichuan Pepper | Zanthoxylum piperitum | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Nooreen, Z., Tandon, S., Yadav, N. P., Kumar, P., Xuan, T. D., & Ahmad, A. (2019). Zanthoxylum: a review of its traditional uses, naturally occurring constituents and pharmacological properties. Current Organic Chemistry, 23(12), 1307-1341. | Sichuan Pepper | |||||||
1070 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy for respiratory system | Respiratory system | Decoction | Chonyila | Justicia adhatoda L. | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Jothimangalam, M. S., & Deepa, M. (2022). Medicinal and Therapeutic use of Justicia adhatoda L. Thanuj International Publishers, Tamil Nadu, India, 366. | Sobia, H. N., Khan, S., & Nadeem, F. (2018). Use of malabar nut (Justicia adhatoda L.) from traditional medicine to current pharmacopeia–A review study. Int J Chem Biochem Sci, 13, 46-51. | ||||||||
1071 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat cough | Cough | Decoction | Chonyila | Justicia adhatoda L. | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Sobia, H. N., Khan, S., & Nadeem, F. (2018). Use of malabar nut (Justicia adhatoda L.) from traditional medicine to current pharmacopeia–A review study. Int J Chem Biochem Sci, 13, 46-51. | |||||||||
1072 | Nagaland | Human Health | Home remedy to treat menstrual cramps | Menstrual cramps | Recipee | Youngchak | Sticky Beans | Parkia speciosa | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Ahmad, N. I., Rahman, S. A., Leong, Y. H., & Azizul, N. H. (2019). A review on the phytochemicals of Parkia speciosa, stinky beans as potential phytomedicine. J. Food Sci. Nutr. Res, 2(3), 151-173. | Sticky Beans | |||||||
1073 | Nagaland | Human Health | Home remedy to treat cold and fever | Cold and fever | Recipee | Youngchak | Sticky Beans | Parkia speciosa | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | No Scientific Validation | Sticky Beans | |||||||
1074 | Nagaland | Human Health | Home remedy to treat back pain | Back pain | Recipee | Youngchak | Sticky Beans | Parkia speciosa | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Kamisah, Y., Othman, F., Qodriyah, H. M. S., & Jaarin, K. (2013). Parkia speciosa Hassk.: A potential phytomedicine. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013(1), 709028. | Sticky Beans | |||||||
1075 | Nagaland | Human health | Used to improve digestion | Digestion | Boil and remove the outer skin of the taro and consume directly. | Paanu | Taro | Colocasia esculenta | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Ubalua, A. O., Ewa, F., & Okeagu, O. D. (2016). Potentials and challenges of sustainable taro (Colocasia esculenta) production in Nigeria. J Appl Biol Biotechnol, 4(1), 53-59. | Medicinal plant | |||||||
1076 | Nagaland | Human Health | Fruit used to clesn gut | Gut cleaning | Use directly | Loquat | Eriobotrya japonica | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Zhu, X., Wang, L., Zhao, T., & Jiang, Q. (2022). Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of Eriobotrya japonica leaves: A summary.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 115566 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115566. | Loquat | ||||||||
1077 | Nagaland | Human Health | Improves skin | Good for skin | Use directly | Avocados | Persea americana | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Lister, I. N., Amiruddin, H. L., Fachrial, E., & Girsang, E. (2021). Anti-aging effectiveness of avocado peel extract ointment (persea americana mill.) against hydration, collagen, and elasticity levels in wistar rat. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 173-184. | Deuschle, V. C., Brusco, I., Piana, M., Faccin, H., de Carvalho, L. M., Oliveira, S. M., & Viana, C. (2019). Persea americana Mill. crude extract exhibits antinociceptive effect on UVB radiation-induced skin injury in mice. Inflammopharmacology, 27(2), 323-338. | Avocados | |||||||
1078 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural treatment for vision | Vision | Use directly | Persimmon | Diospyros virginiana | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Sulastri, D., Khairina, Y., Christita, M., Larekeng, S. H., Simarmata, R., & Restu, M. (2025). A Review of diospyros species: antibacterial and antifungal compounds, microbiome interactions, and pathogen dynamics. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1445, No. 1, p. 012090). IOP Publishing. | Persimmon | ||||||||
1079 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural tonic | Use directly | Lychi | Litchi chinensis | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Zhao, L., Wang, K., Wang, K., Zhu, J., & Hu, Z. (2020). Nutrient components, health benefits, and safety of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.): A review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 19(4), 2139-2163. | Lichi | |||||||||
1080 | Nagaland | Human Health | Remedy to control fever | Fever | Decoction | Jackfruit | Artocarpus heterophyllus | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Prakash, O., Kumar, R., Mishra, A., & Gupta, R. (2009). Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit): an overview. Pharmacognosy reviews, 3(6), 353. | Jackfruit | ||||||||
1081 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to increases milk in lactating mother | Increases milk in lactating mother | Papaya is being peeles and boiled in water for some tme and after removing it from water. It is beiing served to the women having less breast milk. | Papaya | Carica papaya | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient | Pesak, E., Losu, F. N., Dompas, R., Lumy, F., Tirtawati, G. A., Pratiwi, D., ... & Tangka, J. W. (2021). Impact of papaya (Carica papaya l.) on breast milk production enhancement of nursing mothers at teling atas public health center, wanea subdistrict, manado city. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 9(B), 240-243. | Ikhlasiah, M., Winarni, L. M., Poddar, S., & Bhaumik, A. (2020). The effects of papaya leaf juice for breastfeeding and working mothers on increasing prolactin hormone levels and infant's weight in Tangerang. Enfermeria clinica, 30, 202-205. | Papaya | |||||||
1082 | Nagaland | Veterinary | Used to feed pigs | Pig feed | Feed | Tapioca | Manihot esculenta | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | " Not Evaluated (NE)" | Wanapat, M., & Kang, S. (2015). Cassava chip (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as an energy source for ruminant feeding. Animal Nutrition, 1(4), 266-270. | Orororo, O. C., Tonukari, N. J., Avwioroko, O. J., & Ezedom, T. (2014). Effect of supplementation of animal feed with dried cassava (Manihot esculenta) peels, and stems of Vernonia amygdalina and Pennisetum purpereum on some biochemical parameters in pigs. NISEB J, 14(4), 177-183 | Tapioca | |||||||
1083 | Nagaland | Human Health | Treament for digestion | Digestion | Use with other foods | Apple | Malus domestica | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated. | Patocka, J., Bhardwaj, K., Klimova, B., Nepovimova, E., Wu, Q., Landi, M., ... & Wu, W. (2020). Malus domestica: A review on nutritional features, chemical composition, traditional and medicinal value. Plants, 9(11), 1408. | Apple | ||||||||
1084 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy for weight loss | Weight loss | Eating it with any recipee | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No Scientific Validation | Castor | |||||||
1085 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to improve sleep | Poor sleep | Eating it with any recipee | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Sabitha et al. "EVALUATOIN OF GENOTOXICITY OF RICINUS COMMUNIS (LEAVES AND SEEDS) BY THEIR SILVER NANO-PARTICLES USING COMET ASSAY." (2022). | Castor | |||||||
1086 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy for kidney stone | Kidney stones | Eating it with any recipee | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Pradeep Singh et al. "In vitro and ex vivo studies to assess the antiurolithiasis activity of phenolic components of Ricinus communis L. and Euphorbia hirta L. with simultaneous HPTLC analysis." Annals of Phytomedicine: An International Journal (2022). https://doi.org/10.54085/ap.2022.11.1.56. | Castor | |||||||
1087 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy for hair loss | Healthier hair | By applying the oil | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Pramodini, G. N., & Aswathi, E. THE VERSATILE CASTOR PLANT RICINUS COMMUNIS COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON THE MEDICINAL AND HEALTH BENEFITS. | Castor | |||||||
1088 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to treat joint pain | Joint pain | By applying the oil | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Gupta, R., Chaudhary, A. K., & Sharma, R. (2024). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of Ricinus communis Linn.: evidence from pharmacology to clinical studies. Current Pharmacology Reports, 10(1), 27-67. | Castor | |||||||
1089 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy for digestion | Better digestion | Eating it with any recipee | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No Scientific Validation | Castor | |||||||
1090 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy for skin | Skin firm and youthful | By applying the oil | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Bhushan, R., Sharma, V., Mishra, R., Yadav, M., Marde, R., Kabdwal, B., Karunakar, G., & Goswami, A. (2024). Ricinus Communis Significant role in Skin Disorders. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications. https://doi.org/10.35629/4494-0905662666. | Castor | |||||||
1091 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to incerease sperm quality | Increasing sperm quality | Eating it with any recipee | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | ⚫ Black | Least Concern | No Scientific Validation ( antifertility effect) | Castor | |||||||
1092 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to treat painful cramps | Relief from menstrual cramps | By applying the oil | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Khan Marwat, S., Khan, E. A., Baloch, M. S., Sadiq, M., Ullah, I., Javaria, S., & Shaheen, S. (2017). Ricinus cmmunis: Ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 30(5). | Safdar, A., Bibi, R., Ilyas, I., Irum, S., Fatima, S., Sikandar, R., ... & Qasim, M. Botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and toxicology of Ricinus communis L. A comprehensive. | Castor | ||||||
1093 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to treat irregular periods | Irregular cycles | Eating it with any recipee | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Khadim, S., Malik, K., Qureshi, R., Misbah, M., & Rehman, S. (2023). Ethnogynecological study of traditional therapeutic plants used by the indigenous communities: A case study from District Gujrat Punjab, Pakistan. Ethnobotany Research and Applications. https://doi.org/10.32859/era.26.2.1-23. | Castor | |||||||
1094 | Nagaland | Agriculture Practice | Leaf extract used to control pests | Pest control | Extract of leaves is sprayed to control pests | Orange | Citrus × sinensis | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Zewde, D. K., & Jembere, B. (2010). Evaluation of orange peel citrus sinensis (L) as a source of repellent, toxicant and protectant against Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: bruchidae). Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science, 2(1). | Orange | ||||||||
1095 | Nagaland | Agriculture Practice | Leaf extract used to control pests | Pest control | Extract of leaves is used to control pests amoung seeds | Lime | Citrus aurantifolia | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Majeed, M. Z., Nawaz, M. I., Khan, R. R., Farooq, U., & Ma, C. S. (2018). Insecticidal effects of acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica (A. Juss), Citrus aurantium (L.), Citrus sinensis (L.) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehnh.) against mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Tropical and subtropical agroecosystems, 21(3). | Simon-Oke, I. A., & Akeju, A. V. (2019). Laboratory evaluation of extract from peels and seeds of some Citrus species against Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Mosquito Research, 9. | Lime | |||||||
1096 | Nagaland | Human health | Remedy to teat diarrhea | Controls diarrhea | Directly eat ripe bananas | Lasih | Banana | Musa acuminata | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Tn, C., Ahamed, M., & Bs, A. (2024). Ethnomedicinal and Pharmacological Properties of Cavendish Banana. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i02.19004. | Banana | |||||||
1097 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to control sign of aging | To reduce signs of aging | Extract of leaves is used | Mamgo | Mangifera indica | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | El-Nashar, H., El-Labbad, E., Al-Azzawi, M., & Ashmawy, N. (2022). A New Xanthone Glycoside from Mangifera indica L.: Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Anti-Skin Aging Activities. Molecules, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092609. | Agrawal, R. (2021). Pharmacological studies of Mangifera indica leaf extract. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2021.7.3.0100. | Mamgo | |||||||
1098 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to control diabetes | Diabetes | Peel is used for diabeties as decoction | Pomelo | Citrus maxima | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Ani, P. N., & Ochu, K. E. (2020). Anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective potential of shaddock (Citrus maxima) peel extract. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria, 19(3), 271-278. | Mohammed, S. M., Abd-Almonuim, A. E., Majeed, A., & Khlaf, H. (2021). The Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Hyperlipidemia effect of Citrus maxima Fruit Peel extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 14(10), 5355-5358. | Pomelo | |||||||
1099 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural blood thinig agent | Blood thinner | Its extract taken with water early in the morning ca act as a blood thinner | Lemon | Citrus × limon | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Lemon | |||||||||
1100 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural substance used for meet merinatation | Meet merination | Its extract is used to merinate meet | Lemon | Citrus × limon | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Lemon | |||||||||
1101 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat vomiting | Vomiting | Decoction | Crushing | Pomegranate | Punica granatum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Pomegranate | ||||||||
1102 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural blood tonic | Bllod Purification | Used directly | Fungiyansi | Raspberry | Rubus idaeus | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Raspberry | ||||||||
1103 | Nagaland | Natural remedy to treat ulcers | Ulcers | It is used directly | |||||||||||||||
1104 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment to control diabetes | Diabeties | Used as a vegetable | Rezak | Nattle | Urtica | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | |||||||||
1105 | Nagaland | Veterinary | Grass | Feed | Pig feed | Pihihi | |||||||||||||
1106 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to control diabetes | Diabeties | Use directly | Mulasing | |||||||||||||
1107 | Nagaland | Human Health | Fruit used to treat heart diseses | Good for heart | Use after drying | Pukhothi | Wild Apple | malus sylvestris | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | |||||||||
1108 | Nagaland | Human health | Soup used to help digestion | Aiding digestion | Slice and boil the bamboo shoots and consume the soup | Xuh zu | Bambo shoot | Bambusa vulgaris | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Bamboo shoot | ||||||||
1109 | Nagaland | Human health | Herbal treatment to control diabetes | Controls diabetes | Make juice in a blender and drink the fresh juice on an empty stomach. | Shuku sih | Grapes | Vitis vinefera | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern. | Rahman, M. M., Islam, M. R., Shohag, S., Hossain, M. E., Rahaman, M. S., Islam, F., Ahmed, M., Mitra, S., Khandaker, M. U., Idris, A. M., Chidambaram, K., Emran, T. B., & Cavalu, S. (2022). The Multifunctional Role of Herbal Products in the Management of Diabetes and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules, 27(5), 1713.https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules270517133 | Grapes | |||||||
1110 | Nagaland | Human health | Herbal treatment to control diabetes | Anti diabetic effects | Pound the black ginger into fine powder (dry) and mix it with warm water/honey and consume. | Shing nyah | Black ginger | Kaempferia parviflora | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient (DD) | Mohamad, Ahmad & Nordin, Muhammad & Ani, Ismail & Jemberang, Johan & Ishak, Reezal & Hasan, Ahmad & Ahmad, Muhammad & Omar, Mohd & Hamzah, Roszymah. (2021). Evaluating the Effect of Volten VR4® Kaempferia parviflora Extracts on Blood Glucose Levels in Human Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Individual: A Case-Control Study. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet. 104. 1610-6. 10.35755/jmedassocthai.2021.10.12751. | Black ginger | |||||||
1111 | Nagaland | Human health | Used to help digestion | Indigestion | Slice the pineaple into pulps or make juice and consume | Jurong | Pineaple | Ananas comosus | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Pineaple | ||||||||
1112 | Nagaland | Human health | Herbal treatment to cure swelling | Swelling | Slice the pineaple into pulps or make juice and consume | Jurong | Pineaple | Ananas comosus | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Pineaple | ||||||||
1113 | Nagaland | Human health | Remedy to control diarrhea | Controls diarrhea | Directly eat ripe bananas or boil green bananas and consume | Lasih | Banana | Musa acuminata | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Banana | ||||||||
1114 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural lever tonic | Liver detox | Make fresh juice of the cane and drink on an empty stomach | Muthsup | Sugarcane | Saccharum officinarum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Sugarcane | ||||||||
1115 | Nagaland | Human health | Treament to cure wounds | Wound healing | Make a paste of the guava leaves and apply on wounds | Motrom va | Guava leaves | Psidium guajava | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | not evaluated | Guava leaves | ||||||||
1116 | Nagaland | Human health | Treatment for indigestion | Aids digestion | Boil and remove the outer skin of the taro and consume directly | Paanu | Taro | Colocasia esculenta | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Taro | ||||||||
1117 | Nagaland | Human health | Helps to remain hydrateted | Hydration | Remove the outer skin and slice the cucumber and directly consume it. | Lushah | Cucumber | Cucumis sativus | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Cucumber | ||||||||
1118 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tonic | Protein | Clean and cook the beans with some spices and have it with cooked rice. | Lingle | Beans | Phaseolus vulgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Beans | ||||||||
1119 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tonic | Vitamin B | Boil the corn and consume directly. | Tsesu | Maize | Zea mays | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Maize | ||||||||
1120 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tea | Herbal tea | Remove the outer layer and boil it with a little sugar and consume | Mumtse | Job tears | Coix lacryma-jobi | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Job tears | ||||||||
1121 | Nagaland | Human health | Used to treat cold | Cold | Boil sliced ginger with tea and consume during cold | Shing | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient (DD) | Shing | ||||||||
1122 | Nagaland | Human health | Helps in digestion | Digestion | Boil sliced ginger with tea and consume during cold | Shing | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient (DD) | Shing | ||||||||
1123 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tonic | Antioxidants | Pound the sumac into fine powder and have it with warm water. | Sami | Sumac | Rhus coriaria | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Sumac | ||||||||
1124 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tonic | Gut health | Extract fresh juice from the fruit and drink. | Muthoh | Wild apple | Malus sylvestris | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Wild apple | ||||||||
1125 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tonic | Provides fibre | Remove the outer layer and consume directly. | Ngursih | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Fig | ||||||||
1126 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tonic | Energy source | Clean and boil the tapioca with a pinch of salt and have it hot. | Singrho | Tapioca | Manihot esculenta | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated. | Tapioca | ||||||||
1127 | Nagaland | Human health | Herbal treatment to cure gastritis | Gastritis | Extract juice from the pulps and drink on an empty stomach in the morning hours | Luhpum | Ash gourd | Benincasa hispida | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ash gourd | ||||||||
1128 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural deworming agent | Deworming | Roast the seeds and make fine powders, then boil with little salt and drink | Aphyeru tse | Pumpkin seeds | Cucurbita | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Pumpkin seeds | ||||||||
1129 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tonic | Nutrition | Boil it with little sugar and consume it directly. | Ditse | Little millet | Panicum sumatrense | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Little millet | ||||||||
1130 | Nagaland | Human health | Helps to cure cramps | Menstrual cramps | Boiled dried skin for 2 to 3 minutes and serve like tea without adding sugar | Shekuthi | Wild hog plum | spondias Axillaris | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | wild hog plum | ||||||||
1131 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tea | Tea | Pound and keep dried in sunlight served like tea withoutsugar | kholeithi | gooseberry | phyllanthus | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | gooseberry | ||||||||
1132 | Nagaland | Human health | Remedy to treat internal injury | Injury | Boiled 2 to 3 minutes and drink half cup | Awusu | Red ginger | zingiber | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated. | Red ginger | ||||||||
1133 | Nagaland | Human health | Helps in digestion | Digestion | Mixed honey and jelly of alovera for skin and for digestion drink alovera juice with luke warm water | Anipa | Aloe vera | Aloe barbadensis | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated. | Alovera | ||||||||
1134 | Nagaland | Human health | Fruit used to treat heart diseses | Good for heart | Use after drying | pukhothi | Wild apple | malus sylvestris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | wild apple | ||||||||
1135 | Nagaland | Human health | Remedy to improve digestion | Digestion | Use directly | Alubokuna | Plum | Prunus domestica | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | plam | ||||||||
1136 | Nagaland | Human health | Drink good for weight control | Weight loss and digestion | Decoction | Aucho zu | Banana water | Musa paradisiaca | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | banana water | ||||||||
1137 | Nagaland | Human health | Remedy to improve digestion | Digestion | Use directly | Yekuthi | Peach | Prunus persica | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | peach | ||||||||
1138 | Nagaland | Human health | Herbal treatment for blood thinning | Blood thinner | Prepairing consentrated lemon extract by squizing the lemmon, filteration and heating process | Boiling | Lemon | Lemon | Citrus limon | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Lemon | |||||||
1139 | Nagaland | Human health | Remedy to treat weakness | Weakness | Use directly | Ghakuthi | Wild nuts | wild nuts | |||||||||||
1140 | Nagaland | Human health | Used to improve bone health | Bone health | Use directly | Kakuithi | Black Berry | Vaccinium corymbosum | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | - | Black Berry | ||||||||
1141 | Nagaland | Human health | Remedy to improve digestion | Digestion | Use directly | Masupathi | Pear | Pyrus communis | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | pear | ||||||||
1142 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tooth cleaner | Tooth whitening | Clean with fresh water and rub in tooth area for whitening | Ghakuthi nika | wild nuts leaves | wild nuts leaves | |||||||||||
1143 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tonic | Tonic | Clean with water and peel skin and served directly | Ground Apple | Ground Apple | ||||||||||||
1144 | Nagaland | Human health | Remedy to cure injury | Blood clot | Clean with fresh water make paste and apply on blood clot area | Local Turmeric | Curcuma longa | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient (DD) | Reveny, J., & Harahap, U. (2022). UTILIZATION OF WATER EXTRACT OF YELLOW POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) IN HYDROGEL EYE MASK AS ANTI-AGING FORMULATION. ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, 38(4). | Local Turmeric | ||||||||
1145 | Nagaland | Human health | Treatment to reduce pain | Tooth ache | in traditional way it is fixed in the end of small bamboo pipe and use smoke to kill bacteria in tooth ache area | Aghala khakhu | |||||||||||||
1146 | Nagaland | Human health | Remedy to reduce sign of aging | Reduces signs of aging | Eat derictly after making a recipee | Potato | Solanum tuberosum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Delaplace, P., Fauconnier, M. L., Sergeant, K., Dierick, J. F., Oufir, M., Van der Wal, F., ... & Du Jardin, P. (2009). Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber ageing induces changes in the proteome and antioxidants associated with the sprouting pattern. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60(4), 1273-1288. | |||||||||
1147 | Nagaland | Human health | Remedy to control diabetes | Blood sugar control | Eat derictly after making a recipee | Potato | Solanum tuberosum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Das, K., Krishna, P., Sarkar, A., Ilangovan, S. S., & Sen, S. (2017). A review on pharmacological properties of Solanum tuberosum. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 10(5), 1517. |
ID | State | Category-Human, Veterinary, Agriculture | Title of Practice | Ailment/problem | practice in detail | Process Of Making | Ingredient/Plant)-1 (Write local name, English Name, Botanical name | English Name | Botanical Name | Prior Art Search(PAS) Code-red: clinical studies done; green- AYUSH, Blue- In vitro or In vivo study done; Brown: only ethnographical report ; black: not reported or unique | IUCN status Plant 1 | PAS-1 | PAS-2 | PAS-3 | PAS-4 | Knowledge Provider name | Village | Block | District |
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Local | English | Botanical | |||||||||||||||||
1 | Sikkim | Human | Titeypati leaves use for wounds,fever & Nose bleeding. | Wound, Feaver & Nose Bleeding | Making a paste and put it on wound, Juice of leaves used in Fever, Prevent blood flowing from nose. | Paste and extract (crush leaves by hand and get juice) | Titaypati | Mugwort | Artemisia vulgaris | 🟤 Brown, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Ekiert, H., Pajor, J., Klin, P., Rzepiela, A., Ślesak, H., & Szopa, A. (2020). Significance of Artemisia vulgaris L.(Common Mugwort) in the history of medicine and its possible contemporary applications substantiated by phytochemical and pharmacological studies. Molecules, 25(19), 4415. | Durgabir Subba 9593387842 | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
2 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Cannabis are use to cure gastrict and diarrhoea of cow & goat. | Stomach problem gastrict and diarrhoea | Given as fooder, Make paste and give with water | Paste, Drying (for off season availabilty) | Ganja | Cannabies | Cannabis sativa | 🟤 Brown, 🔵 Blue, 🔴 Red | Not Evaluated (NE) | Jain, N. K., Singh, S. P., & Singh, R. S. (1988). Hemp (Cannabis sativa) Residues for Livestock: A Note on the Effect of Water Treatment. | 1] Li, X., Wu, X., Cui, M., Hou, J., Yu, Z., & Gao, B. (2022). Cannabis sativa L. alleviates loperamide-induced constipation by modulating the composition of gut microbiota in mice. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 1033069. | Abikeshar Khatiwada 9735032747 | Middle Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||
3 | Sikkim | Human | Above ground parts-steamed and smelled during sinus trouble. Plant paste for fever, cold & cough and headache. | Sinus Trouble, Feaver, Cough & Cold and Headache. | Crush the leaves and roots, boil it and smell it at time of cough,feaver and headache. Leaves are kept in banana leaves and heat with fire and vapour inhale to cure Sinus. | Boil, Heat whole plant and juice (crush whole plant by hand) | Abhijalo | Tropical chickweed | Drymaria cordata | 🟤 Brown, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Kumari, S., Devi, P. M., & Singh, P. K. (n.d.). Drymaria cordata: Review at a glance. Interesjournals. | Nono, N. R., Nzowa, K. L., Ngoupaye, G. T., Telefo, P. B., & Djimeli, P. N. (2014, March 31). Drymaria cordata (Linn.) Willd (Caryophyllaceae): Ethnobotany, Pharmacology and Phytochemistry. | Kishore Dulal | Upper Kyongsha | Yangthang | Geyzing | ||
4 | Sikkim | Human | Use Chimphing seed as food at time of Cough, Fever, Stomach pain and Gastrict. | Cough, feaver, stomach pain and gastrict. | Crush the seeds and drink with hot water to cure cough, feaver and stomach pain. Seeds chwim to cure gastrict. | Drying | Chimphing | Nepali Hogweed | Heracleum nepalense | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bahadori, M. B., Dinparast, L., & Zengin, G. (2016). The Genus Heracleum: A Comprehensive Review on Its Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Ethnobotanical Values as a Useful Herb. Journal of Functional Foods, 25, 569-583. | Chandra bdr. Gurung | Khorong | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | |||
5 | Sikkim | Human | Crush the roots and put it on wounds and part of Broken bones. | Fracture and broken bones. | Roots use to crush then make paste and apply on the place of fracture or broken bones then tight with cloths. | Paste (Crush with the help of stones) | Bhuichampa | Indian crocus | Kaempferia rotunda | 🟤 Brown, 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bhowmik, D., Chiranjib, B., Kumar, K. P. S., & Raja, K. P. (2014). Medicinal plants and bone healing. Pharmacognosy Journal, 6(4), 1-8. | Krishikosh. (n.d.). Performance analysis of medicinal kaempferia species. | Nanda lal Gurung | Khorong | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | ||
6 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Roots used to cure lung diseases of cattle | Lung diseases of cattle | Roots use to crush and make paste and give cattle with fooder. | Paste (Crush with the help of stones) | Indreyni | Bitter snake gourd | Trichosanthes bracteata | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Kumari, R., Kushwaha, V., & Arya, V. K. (2025). Ethnobotanical and Pharmacological Potential of TrichosanthesSpecies. | Verma, R., Singh, G. P., & Kumar, S. (2010). Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic activity of aqueous extract of Trichosanthes bracteata fruits in animal model. Pharmacologyonline, 1, 8-16. | Pradeep Tamang | Pragati | Yangthang | Geyzing | ||
7 | Sikkim | Human | Use to control blood pressure. | Blood pressure | Boil like dal and eat with food or take as soup to cure high blood presuure. | Boiling | Sisnu | Nettle | Uritca dioca | 🟤 Brown, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Kumari, S., Devi, P. M., & Singh, P. K. (2022). A review of the effects of Urtica dioica (nettle) in metabolic syndrome.Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology, 33(4), 499-506. | Namazi, N., Esfanjani, A. T., Heshmati, J., Bahrami, A., & Nazemiyeh, H. (2025, June 11). A Systematic Review about Effects of Aerial Portions of Urtica dioica (Nettle) on Some Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Pharmacology, 8(5), 306–313. | M.K. Gurung | Darap | Darap | Geyzing | ||
8 | Sikkim | Human | Use for body pain, Back pain and give them to ladies at time of Pregnancy with Honey and milk. | Body pain, Back Pain and Pragnent women (to cure pain quickly) | Whole plant use to boil and drink like tea to cure back pain and body pain & give to prangnent woment mix with milk and honey. | Boiling, Drying (kept for future use) | Harchur | Leafless mistletoe | Viscum articulatum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Kumar, V., Kumar, P., Singh, S. K., & Sharma, M. (2017). Viscum articulatum Burm. f.: a review on its phytochemistry,pharmacology and traditional uses. ResearchGate. | Geetha, B. S., Anjaneyulu, N., Malleswari, B., & Sandeep, D. (2013). Antioxidant potential of Viscum articulatum burm. Chronicles of Young Scientists, 4(1), 35–37. | Nandalal Gurung | Khorong | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | ||
9 | Sikkim | Human | Use for Blood clothing and back pain | Back pain | Rhizome use to boil and eat as raw to cure back pain. | Boiling, drying (kept for future use) | Buriokahti | River astilbe | Astilbe rivularis | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Timalsena, S., & Lamichhane, P. P. (2016). Astilbe Rivularis: Bioactive Compounds and Pharmacological Functions.Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine, 25(10), 795-799. | Pradhan, S., Pandit, B., Sharma, S., & Mohanty, J. P. (2022). Astilbe rivularis: Phytoconstituent and Pharmacological activity. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 14(4), 227-230. | Abhikesar Khatiwara 9735032747 | Middle Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||
10 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Bamboo Leaves | Bamboo | Dendrocalamus sikkimensis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Aita Maya Subba 8372042540 | Lower Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
11 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal feed | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Hay grass | Phleum pratense | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Aita Maya Subba 8372042540 | Lower Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
12 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal feed | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Napier | Pennisetum purpureum | 🟤 Brown | Not Listed (NE) | Islam, M. R., Garcia, S. C., Islam, M. A., Bashar, M. K., Roy, A., Roy, B. K., Sarker, N. R., & Clark, C. E. F. (2024a). Ruminant Production from Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum): A Review. Animals, 14(3), 467. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14030467 | Muia, J. M. K., Abdulrazak, S. A., & Fujihara, T. (2000). The nutritive value of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and its potential for milk production with or without supplementation: A review. Tropical Grasslands, 34(2), 78-90. | Aita Maya Subba 8372042540 | Lower Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
13 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Amliso | tiger grass | Thysanolaena maxima | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Alam, M. J., Rahman, M. M., & Alam, M. S. (2017). Cultivation, production and management techniques of broom grass (Thysanolaena maxima Roxb.) in hilly areas of Bangladesh. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 51(1), 20–24. | Aita Maya Subba 8372042540 | Lower Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
14 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Rai khanew | Not applicable | - | Aita Maya Subba 8372042540 | Lower Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||||
15 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Nebaro | Roxburgh fig | Ficus auriculata | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Heuzé, V., & Tran, G. (2015, October 5). Roxburgh fig (Ficus auriculata). Feedipedia, a programme by INRAE, CIRAD,AFZ and FAO. | Kiden bhutia 9609775531 | Middle Kyongsha | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
16 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Baar | Thysanolaena latifolia | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Alam, M. J., Rahman, M. M., & Alam, M. S. (2017). Cultivation, production and management techniques of broom grass (Thysanolaena maxima Roxb.) in hilly areas of Bangladesh. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 51(1), 20–24. | Dorji, N. (2019). Effect of feeding broom grass (Thysanolaena maxima) as supplement during winter on milk yield and composition in Jersey cross cows. [BSc Thesis]. College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Lobesa. | Ran bhadur Subeddi | Lower kyongsha | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
17 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Barar | Thysanolaena maxima | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Alam, M. J., Rahman, M. M., & Alam, M. S. (2017). Cultivation, production and management techniques of broom grass (Thysanolaena maxima Roxb.) in hilly areas of Bangladesh. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 51(1), 20–24. | Dorji, N. (2019). Effect of feeding broom grass (Thysanolaena maxima) as supplement during winter on milk yield and composition in Jersey cross cows. [BSc Thesis]. College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Lobesa. | Ran bhadur Subeddi | Lower kyongsha | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
18 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Fultarul | Canna indica l. | 🟤 Brown, 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | Okonwu, K., & Ariaga, C. A. (2016). Nutritional Evaluation of Various Parts of Canna indica L. Annual Research & Review in Biology, 11(4), 1–5. | Sharma, J. N. (2013). Potential of Canna Indica Rhizome as a source of energy for milk production in cows. [BSc Thesis]. College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Lobesa. | Passang Bhutia 9609861022 | Middle kyongsha | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
19 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Kutmero | Thysanolaena agrostis | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Anita dulal | Middle Kyongsha | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
20 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Chuletro | Brassaiopsis hainla | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bhakta rai 9733149392 | Middle Kyongsha | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
21 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Lipey | Setaria sphacelata | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Bhakta rai 9733149392 | Middle Kyongsha | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
22 | Sikkim | Human | Use for Proper Urination, Diabities and clen stomach. | Urination, Diabities and clean stomach. | Sticks of the plant eat like sugarcane to cure urination, stomach problem and diabities problem. | Fresh used | Bet lauree | Costus | Costus speciosus | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🔴 Red | Least Concern (LC) | Azhagu Madhavan, S., Vijayalakshmi, M., Sangeetha, K., & Gayathri, M. (2021). A Literature Review of Anti-Diabetic Medicinal Plant Properties (Costus speices). Journal of Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences, 2(5), 305-310. | Kamal Gurung | Sardung | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | |||
23 | Sikkim | Human | Plant used in Jaundice | Jaundice | Roots use to crush and extract juice use to drink to cure jaundice. | Extract juice fresh | Halhaley | Rumex nepallensis | 🟤 Brown, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | DB Basnet | Upper Baluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
24 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Animal fodder and masquito repellent | Fodder for improving cattle/goat weight gaining and masquito repellent. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle, use fresh grass use to fire to avoid masquito in rainy season. | Fresh used | Kuro | Hackelia uncinata | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated / No data | Tisgratog, R., Sanguanpong, U., Grieco, J., Ngoen-Kluan, R., & Chareonviriyaphap, T. (2016). Plants traditionally used as mosquito repellents and the implication for their use in vector control.. Acta tropica, 157, 136-44 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.024. | Yavaşoğlu, S., Wood, M., Bull, J., Alkış, N., Doğan, E., Alkhaibari, A., & Butt, T. (2024). Novo plant-based mosquito repellent shows promise for exclusion of Aedes mosquitoes from “window” entry. Journal of Medical Entomology, 62, 39 - 46. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjae137. | OM Bdr. Khadka 8145748982 | Dhangrey, Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
25 | Sikkim | Human | Mosquito repellent | Mosquito repellent | Leaves & small branches use to dry for 3 days in sunlight and use as inincense sticks to avoid maquitos and flys. | Drying | Dhuppi | Cryptomeria japonica | 🔵 Blue | Near Threatened | Gu, H., Cheng, S., Lin, C., Huang, C., Chen, W., & Chang, S. (2009). Repellency of essential oils of Cryptomeria japonica (Pinaceae) against adults of the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera:Culicidae).. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 57 23, 11127-33 . https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9024486. | San Kr. Khatiwara 9735087569 | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
26 | Sikkim | Human | Crush the bark to cure fracture. | Fracture | Crush the bark and make paste and bend it with cotton cloth on fracture. | Paste | Gogun | Saurauia napaulensis | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Scientific validation not available | OM Bdr. Khadka 8145748982 | Dhangrey, Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
27 | Sikkim | Human | Ginger used for cough and cold | ginger is used to cure cough and cold | ginger is roast in fire or fried in musterd oil and chew directly | Roast in fire and dried for future uses | Adhuwa | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | 🔴 Red 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient | Wang, Y., Wang, X., Tian, S., & Gao, H. (2024). [Prediction of mechanism of ginger-processed Anemarrhenae Rhizoma in intervening in cough due to cold and dampness in lung based on network pharmacology].. Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica, 49 20, 5460-5468 . https://doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20240716.304. | Akbar, S. (2020). Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberaceae). , 1957-1997. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16807-0_199. | Man bdr limboo | Kageythang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||
28 | Sikkim | Human | Garlic used for high blood presure | Garlic is used to eat in high preasure to control high preasure | Garlic is cook with food or eaten raw during high blood preasure | Boiled or draying in sunlight for future use | Lashun | Garlic | Allium sativum | 🔴 Red 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated / No data | Sleiman, C., Daou, R., Hazzouri, A., Hamdan, Z., Ghadieh, H., Harbieh, B., & Romani, M. (2024). Garlic and Hypertension: Efficacy, Mechanism of Action, and Clinical Implications. Nutrients, 16. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172895. | Ried, K. (2016). Garlic Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Individuals, Regulates Serum Cholesterol, and Stimulates Immunity: An Updated Meta-analysis and Review.. The Journal of nutrition, 146 2, 389S-396S . https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.114.202192. | P.B Gautam 9647879414 | Barthang | Burmiok | Geyzing | ||
29 | Sikkim | Veterinary | turmeric is used for ill local chicken | Turmeric is used for wounded local chicken | turmeric powder is mix with mustered oil and apply in wound of chicken | drying in sunlight and mix with mustered oil | Hardi | Turmeric | Curcuma longa | 🟤 Brown 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated / No data | Aderemi, F., & Alabi, O. (2023). Turmeric (Curcuma longa): an alternative to antibiotics in poultry nutrition. Translational Animal Science, 7. https://doi.org/10.1093/tas/txad133. | Rizwan, M., Irshad, H., Jamil, T., Tahir, S., Faraz, A., Babar, M., Din, Q., & Soomro, H. (2023). TURMERIC'S ROLE AS A NATURAL ANTIBIOTIC AGAINST IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DISEASES IN POULTRY. Biological and Clinical Sciences Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.54112/bcsrj.v2023i1.602. | P.B Gautam 9647879414 | Barthang | Burmiok | Geyzing | ||
30 | Sikkim | Human | Crush the root and make paste to cure fracture. | Fracture and skin cuts. | Crush the roots and make paste, put that on wound or fracture. It is very sticky substance which use to cure skin cuts. | Paste | Chiple | Pilea umbrosa Blume | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Scientific validation not available | Resam lal Rai 977519287 | Lower Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
31 | Sikkim | Human | crush its leaves and make gum to cure fracture | Fracture and to prevent blood flow from wound | crush leaves and gum of plant used for cure fracture and in cut wounds | Paste | Gobre salla | Himlayan silver fir | Abies wabbiana | 🟤 Brown | Near Threatened | Scientific validation not available | P.B Gautam 9647879414 | Barthang | Burmiok | Geyzing | |||
32 | Sikkim | Human | Root and Rhizome are used for to cure fever and skin diseases | feaver and skin diseases | Not applicable | Not Evaluated / No data | Promod, D. (2018). Haridra (Curcuma Longa Linn.) A Classical Review. . https://doi.org/10.18535/ijahm/v7i6.07. | P.B Gautam 9647879414 | Barthang | Burmiok | Geyzing | ||||||||
33 | Sikkim | Human | gum used in back pain and also for muscle pain | Back pain and muscle pain | Gum (comes from shoot) used in back pain used as tea. Also used for muscle pain.The gum comes one time in six years. | Paste | Bajranth | Quercus lamellosa Smith | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ding, L., Liu, J., Yao, Y., Guo, L., Chen, B., Cao, Y., & Girard, O. (2025). Caffeinated chewing gum enhances maximal strength and muscular endurance during bench press and back squat exercises in resistance-trained men. Frontiers in Nutrition, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1540552. | Umeda, M., Kempka, L., Weatherby, A., Greenlee, B., & Mansion, K. (2016). Effects of caffeinated chewing gum on muscle pain during submaximal isometric exercise in individuals with fibromyalgia. Physiology & Behavior, 157, 139-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.02.008. | Nandalal Gurung 7547985281 | Khorong | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | |||
34 | Sikkim | Human | Boil the whole plant to control fever and diabetes. | fever and diabetes. | Whole plants boiled and take it as tea for treating fever and diabetes. | boiled in water | Chiraito | Swertia chirayita | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🔴 Red | Endangered | Dey, P., Singh, J., Suluvoy, J., Dilip, K., & Nayak, J. (2020). Utilization of Swertia chirayita Plant Extracts for Management of Diabetes and Associated Disorders: Present Status, Future Prospects and Limitations. Natural Products and Bioprospecting, 10, 431 - 443. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13659-020-00277-7. | Bisht, D., Gupta, M., Srivastava, S., Datt, B., & Rawat, A. (2011). Comparative pharmacognostic evaluation of three species of Swertia L. (Gentianaceae).. Polymer Journal, 3, 7-12. https://doi.org/10.5530/PJ.2011.19.2. | kumar limboo 8348490808 | Pragiti village | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
35 | Sikkim | Human | seeds are cursed to control high fever, asthma and throat pain. | high fever, asthma and throat pain. | seeds are cursed and take it with water to control high fever, asthma and throat pain. | crushed with stone and taken ith water | Totala flower | Oroxylum indicum | 🔵 Blue 🟢Green 🔴 Red 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated, though widely used medicinally | Jagetia, G. (2021). A Review on the Medicinal and Pharmacological Properties of Traditional Ethnomedicinal Plant Sonapatha, Oroxylum indicum. Sinusitis. https://doi.org/10.3390/SINUSITIS5010009. | Lee, A., Kang, S., Park, S., Huang, J., & Im, D. (2016). Anti-Allergic Effect of Oroxylin A from Oroxylum indicum Using in vivo and in vitro Experiments. Biomolecules & Therapeutics, 24, 283 - 290. https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2016.071. | Sanjay hang subba | Tashiding village | Tashiding | Geyzing | |||
36 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits used for Gastric and food poisoning. | Gastric and Food poisoning. | Fruits use to make pasteand consumed for Food poisoning and Gastric. | crush or dry in sun light for future use | Bokay timbur | Zanthoxylum acanthopodium | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Septama, A., Rahmi, E., Tasfiyati, A., Khairunnisa, N., Nasution, H., Nirmal, N., Banjarnahor, S., , N., & Priyatmojo, D. (2024). Chemical profiles and antibacterial actions of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. Essential oil growing in Indonesia.. Fitoterapia, 180, 106300 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106300. | Yang, J., Song, X., Hu, H., Zhong, W., Cao, R., Xu, Y., & Li, R. (2022). Chemical Composition and Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiviral, and Larvicidal Activities of the Essential Oils of Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. from China and Myanmar. Molecules, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165243. | Sanjay hang Subba | Tashiding village | Tashiding | Geyzing | |||
37 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves and stems used on cuts to stop bleeding and infection. | Cuts, bleeding and infection. | Leaves and stems extract used on cuts to stop bleeding and infection. | crush in hand | Banmara | Eupatorium cannabium | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated / No data | Vlase, G., Segneanu, A., Bejenaru, L., Bradu, I., Sicoe, C., Vlase, T., Mogoșanu, G., Buema, G., Herea, D., Ciocîlteu, M., & Bejenaru, C. (2025). Wild-Grown Romanian Eupatorium cannabinum: Advancing Phyto-Nanocarriers via Maltodextrin Micro-Spray Encapsulation—Metabolite Profiling, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxicity Insights. Polymers, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17040482. | Wang, X., , S., Lai, F., Wang, Y., & Lou, C. (2020). Traditional Applications, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Activities of Eupatorium lindleyanum DC.: A Comprehensive Review. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.577124. | Topgay Bhutia 9679632125 | Middle Kyongsha | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
38 | Sikkim | Human | Seeds are consumed stone issues and treating chicken pox. | stone issues and chicken pox. | Seeds are consumed as dal in stone issues and for treating chicken pox. | boiled in water | Gahat | Dolichus uniflorus | 🔴 Red 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated / No data | Scientific validation not available | Ran Maya Gurung | khorang village | Upper Lingchome | Geyzing | ||||
39 | Sikkim | Human | Roots use for inhaled to cure sinusitis. | sinusitis issue | Roots are crushed and inhaled to cure sinusitis. | crush and boil in water | Pinase lara | Clematic buchnaniana | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated / No data | Scientific validation not available | Ran Maya Gurung | khorang village | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | ||||
40 | Sikkim | Human | Whole plant is Used as laxative | laxative problem | Whole plant is Used to crush and make powder to cure laxative. | Paste | Kutki | Picrorhiza kurooa | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Vulnerable | Akbar, S. (2020). Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth.(Plantaginaceae). In Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants: A Comprehensive Review of Their Traditional Medical Uses and Scientific Justifications (pp. 1409-1417). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Man Kumar Rai | Bhadung village | Upper Kyongsha | Geyzing | ||||
41 | Sikkim | Human | Stem used for urinary problem and roots for tonic. | urinary problem and tonic. | Stem of the herb make paste and powder for urinary problem and roots are talking as tonic. | Paste | Kukur Dainey | Smilax zeylanica | 🟤 Brown 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated / No data | Das, T., Mishra, S. B., Saha, D., & Agarwal, S. (2012). Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by ethnic and rural people in Eastern Sikkim Himalayan region. African Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences, 4(1), 16-20. | Man Kumar Rai | Bhadung village | Upper Kyongsha | Geyzing | ||||
42 | Sikkim | Human | Tree bark to cure diarrhoea. | diarrhoea. | Tree bark and shoots juice mix with water use to cure diarrhoea. | boiled in water | Guava tree | Psiddium guajava | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🔴 Red 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated / No data | Liu, C., Jullian, V., & Chassagne, F. (2024). Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, and biological activities of Psidium guajava in the treatment of diarrhea: a review. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15, 1459066. | ISIAHO, I. B. (2024). UTILITY OF HOSPITAL DATA TO CHARACTERIZE DIARRHOEAL BACTERIA AND THEIR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO GUAVA LEAF (Psidium guajava) EXTRACTS IN VIHIGA COUNTY, KENYA (Doctoral dissertation). | Bikash Darjee | Pragiti village | Upper Kyongsha | Geyzing | |||
43 | Sikkim | Agriculture | Roots for food colour. | Food colour. | Roots make powder and use for food colour. | Dry in sunlight | Majito | Rubia cordifolia | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated / No data | Kaur, P., Chandel, M., Kumar, S., Kumar, N., Singh, B., & Kaur, S. (2010). Modulatory role of alizarin from Rubia cordifolia L. against genotoxicity of mutagens.. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 48 1, 320-5 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2009.10.019. | Murthy, H., Joseph, K., Paek, K., & Park, S. (2022). Anthraquinone Production from Cell and Organ Cultures of Rubia Species: An Overview. Metabolites, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13010039. | Amchung Maily Bhutia | Pragiti village | Middle Kyongsha | Geyzing | |||
44 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Rhizomes, use as fooder and shoot use for stalking. | Fresh used | Thulo narkat | Arundo donax L. | 🟤 Brown 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated / No data | Rajput, P., & Chaubey, K. K. (2023). Biological Activities and Medicinal Uses of Arundo Donax L. In Aquatic Medicinal Plants (pp. 163-174). CRC Press. | Sachan, K., Chaudhary, A. K., Ahmad, S., & Nagarajan, K. (2023). ARUNDO DONAX L.: A SCIENTIFIC UPDATE. Indian Drugs, 60(03), 03. | Amchung Maily Bhutia | Pragiti village | Middle Kyongsha | Geyzing | |||
45 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits for Diabetic paitent. | Diabetic | fruits use to boil and give to Diabetic patient. | boiled in water | Yongchak | Parkia roxburghii | 🟤 Brown 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated / No data | Sheikh, Y., Maibam, B. C., Talukdar, N. C., Deka, D. C., & Borah, J. C. (2016). In vitro and in vivo anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective effects of edible pods of Parkia roxburghii and quantification of the active constituent by HPLC-PDA. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 191, 21-28. | Abhishaker khatiwara 9735032747 | Middle Omloge | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
46 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Kimbu | Morus alba | 🟤 Brown 🔵 Blue 🔴 Red 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated / No data | Ayaz, M., Ullah, F., Sadiq, A., Nawaz, A., Yessimbekov, Z., & Ashraf, M. (2023). Morus alba L. In Himalayan Fruits and Berries (pp. 251-270). Academic Press. | Abhishaker khatiwara 9735032747 | Middle Omloge | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
47 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Seeds, protect eggs traditionally. | protect eggs | Seeds kept with eggs to protect traditionally. | whole fruit keept with Egg | Baldhangray | Entada scandens | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated / No data | No scientifc validation | Abhishaker khatiwara 9735032747 | Middle Omloge | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
48 | Sikkim | Human | use as fooder | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Thumbai | Leucas asper | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated / No data | De La Torre-Santos, S., Royo, L., Martínez-Fernández, A., Chocarro, C., & Vicente, F. (2020). The Mode of Grass Supply to Dairy Cows Impacts on Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profile of Milk. Foods, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9091256. | Bikash Gurung 9609025496 | Hee Goaw | Dengtam | Geyzing | ||||
49 | Sikkim | Human | bark to cure diarrhoea. | diarrhoea. | bark crushed and chew to cure diarrhoea. | crushed with stone and taken ith water | Ambak | Psidium guajava | 🔴 Red | Near Threatened | Lin, J., Puckree, T., & Mvelase, T. (2002). Anti-diarrhoeal evaluation of some medicinal plants used by Zulu traditional healers.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 79 1, 53-6 . https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(01)00353-1. | Garrido, G., Garrido-Suárez, B., Tapia, N., Valdes-Gonzalez, M., & Ortega-Mardones, A. (2024). Antidiarrheal effect of Psidium guajava L. extract in acute diarrhea: a systematic review.. Journal of the science of food and agriculture. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.13515. | Bikash Gurung 9609025496 | Hee Goaw | Dengtam | Geyzing | |||
50 | Sikkim | Human | Not applicable | - | KIshore Limboo 9382115328 | Gurthang village | Gurthang | Geyzing | |||||||||||
51 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits, roots and shoot eat during high feaver & tonsil. | high feaver & tonsil. | Fruits eaten raw, roots and shoots eat raw during high feaver & tonsil. | eaten raw | Aisilo | Blackberry | Rubus ulmifolius | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Mehiou, M., Saalaoui, E., El Mansouri, L., Boukhira, S., Afif, A., & El Moussaoui, A. (2024). Rubus ulmifolius Schott: A comprehensive review of its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological effects. | Dall'Acqua, S., Panizzi, L., & Senatore, F. (2008). Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties of some traditional Sardinian medicinal plants: Investigation of the high antioxidant capacity of Rubus ulmifolius. Food Chemistry, 106(2), 745-749 | Amar Subba | Pragiti village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||
52 | Sikkim | Human | Arial part to cure diarrhoea. | diarrhoea. | Arial parts eat raw to cure diarrhoea. | Eaten raw | Chariamilo, Amilo jhar | Oxalis Stricta | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Ullah, I., Akhtar, S., Adnan, M., Nawab, J., Ullah, S., & Abdullah-Al-Wadud, M. (2025). Ethnobotanical knowledge and ethnomedicinal uses of plant resources by urban communities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan: a novel urban ethnobotanical approach. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed, 21(13). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-025-00766-4 | Pandey, A. K., & Singh, P. (2014). Antidiarrhoeal activity of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Oxalis corniculata Klotzsch in rats. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272470993_Antidiarrhoeal_activity_of_aqueoUsand_methanolic_extracts_of_Oxalis_corniculata_Klotzsch_in_rats | Amar Subba | Pragiti village | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
53 | Sikkim | Human | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Dudhe Jhaar | Taraxacum officinale | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Li, Y., Mei, J., Wang, J., & Liu, H. (2023). Effects of dandelion (Taraxacum sp.,) supplements on lactation performance, antioxidative activity, and plasma metabolome in primiparous dairy cows. Anim Biosci, 36(2), 229-237. https://doi.fm/10.5713/ab.22.0061 | Loten Lepcha | Simbala village | Lower lingcho | Geyzing | ||||
54 | Sikkim | Human | flowers use to cure tonsil. | tonsil. | Flowers use to dry and raw and take like tea to cure tonsil. | Dry in sunlight | Rhododendron | Rhododendron spp. | 🟤 Brown | Species specific | Popescu, R., & Kopp, B. (2013). The genus Rhododendron: An ethnopharmacological and toxicological review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 147(1), 42-62.(https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235775729_The_genus_Rhododendron_An_ethnopharmacological_and_toxicological_review) | Hem kumar rai | Badung village | Upper Kyongsha | Geyzing | ||||
55 | Sikkim | Human | Fungal body and anti aging. | Fungal body | Make powder and take with milk or water. | drying in sun light | Yarsagumba | Ophiocordyceps sinensis | 🔴 Red | Endangered | Das, G., Shin, H. S., Leyva-Gómez, G., Del Prado-Audelo, M. L., Cortes, H., Singh, Y. D.,... & Patra, J. K. (2021). Cordyceps spp.: A Review on Its Immune-Stimulatory and Other Biological Potentials. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 11, 602364. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.602364 | Kamal Gurung | Sardung | lower lingchom | Geyzing | ||||
56 | Sikkim | Human | Not applicable | - | San Kr. Khatiwara | bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||||||||
57 | Sikkim | Human | Stems use to cure Abscess. | Abscess | Stem use to make paste and apply on Abscess. | Paste | Himalayan Orchid | Cymbidium spp. | ⚫Black | Near Threatened | Hossain, M. M. (2023). Medicinal Use, Flower Trade, Preservation and Mass Propagation Techniques of Cymbidium Orchids—An Overview. Horticulturae, 9(6), 690. https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/6/690 | Sujin, R.M.; Jeeva, S.; Subin, R.M. (2021). Cymbidium aloifolium: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Phytochem. Pharmacol. Asp. Ethnomedicinal Plants, 363–371. | Tshering Gysto Lepcha | Lum | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
58 | Sikkim | Human | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Dzomsa (Bamboo) | Bambusa spp. | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Chichaghare, A. R., Bhosale, T. R., & Kumar, I. (2021). Bamboo as a fodder for livestock. Van Sangyan, 8(6), 17-21.( | Pond, W. G., & O'Connor, J. (2007). Nutritive value of bamboo as browse for livestock. Journal of Animal Science, 85(E-Suppl 1), E1-E7. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232018248_Nutritive_value_of_bamboo_as_browse_for_livestock | Abhikesar Khatiwara | Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
59 | Sikkim | Human | roots use to remove tapwarm. | tapwarm | Roots use to eat raw to cure tapwarm. | Eaten raw | Siru (Stinging Nettle) | Urtica dioica | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Devkota, H. P., Paudel, K. R., Khanal, S., Baral, A., Panth, N., Adhikari-Devkota, A.,... & Chellappan, D. K. (2022). Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica L.): Nutritional Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Food Functional Properties. Molecules, 27(16), 5219. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165219 | Khan, A. A., Hussain, M., & Hussain, A. (2023). Urtica dioica (Stinging nettle): A Comprehensive Concise Review on its Nutritional Profile and Therapeutic Applications. ResearchGate | Abhikesar Khatiwara | Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
60 | Sikkim | Human | Bark use to cure bone fracture. | bone fracture. | Bark use to crush and make paste and apply with bandage on fracture. | Paste | Sinkauli | Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) Nees and Eberm. | 🟢 Green | Data Deficient | Sharma, V., & Rao, L. J. M. (2014). An overview on chemical composition, bioactivity and processing of leaves of Cinnamomum tamala. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 54(4), 433-448. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/10408398.2011.587615 | Shaikh, M. M., & Singh, J. (2024). Phytopharmacological activities of Cinnamomum tamala. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies, 12(1), 58-63.(https://www.plantsjournal.com/archives/2024/vol12issue1/PartB/12-1-10-649.pdf) | Singh, A., Singh, J., & Singh, R. (2015). Cissus quadrangularis: A review on its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties. Pharmacognosy Reviews, 9(18), 105–112. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5512407/ | Sarmila Limbu | Lower Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||
61 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits use to cure Dirrhoea and dysentery. | Dirrhoea and dysentery. | Fruit use to preserve in salt for 7 years and cure Dirrhoea and dysentery. | Soak in salt for 7 years. | Bajarat | Citrus medica L | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Panara, K., Joshi, K., & Nishteswar, K. (2012). A Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Citrus medica Linn. International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archives, 3(6), 1292-1297 | Damintri Chettri | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtay | Geyzing | ||||
62 | Sikkim | Human | Cooked and eat to contol Cholesterol & Diabetes | Cholesterol & Diabetes | Fruit use to boil and eat to contol Cholesterol & Diabetes. | boiling in water | Githa | Dioscorea bulbifera L. | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Ghosh, S., More, P., Derle, A., Patil, A. B., Markad, P., Asok, A.,... & Chopade, B. A. (2014). Diosgenin from Dioscorea bulbifera: Novel Hit for Treatment of Type II Diabetes Mellitus with Inhibitory Activity against α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase. PLoS One, 9(9), e106039. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106039 | Zhang, F., Wang, Z., Tao, S., Tao, S., Ma, Q., & Huang, G. (2023). Dioscorea spp.: Bioactive Compounds and Potential for the Treatment of Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases. Molecules, 28(6), 2878. https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2878 | Shiva Kr. Rai | Hatidunga | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
63 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | boiling in water | Ban tarul | Dioscorea hamiltonii Hook.f | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated / No data | Kumar, S., Das, G., Shin, H. S., & Patra, J. K. (2017). Dioscorea spp. (A Wild Edible Tuber): A Study on Its Ethnopharmacological Potential and Traditional Use by the Local People of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, India. Front Pharmacol, 8, 52. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00052 | Akinyemi, F. O., & Akinyemi, S. O. (2020). Potential of Neglected and Underutilized Yams (Dioscorea spp.) for Improving Nutritional Security and Health Benefits. PubMed Central. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7193077/ | Shiva Kr. Rai | Hatidunga | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
64 | Sikkim | Human | Boiled and eat Cooked contol Diabetes and remove Tap warm. | Diabetes and remove Tap warm. | Boiled the root and eat to control Diabetes and remove Tap warm. | boiling in water | Bhyagur | Dioscorea pentaphylla L. | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated / No data | Zhang, F., Wang, Z., Tao, S., Tao, S., Ma, Q., & Huang, G. (2023). Dioscorea spp.: Bioactive Compounds and Potential for the Treatment of Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases. Molecules, 28(6), 2878. https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/6/2878 | Kumari, R., Thakur, A., Thakur, P., Sharma, V., Sharma, R., Upmanyu, S.,... & Chaudhary, A. (2025). An Update on the Nutritional and Therapeutic Potential of Dioscorea oppositifolia. Food Science & Nutrition, 13(5), e70179. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.70179 | Nirmala Chettri | Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
65 | Sikkim | Veterinary | Bark use for remove leech from cattle Nose. | remove leech from cattle Nose | Bark use to crush and extract juice, juice apply in cattle nose. | Crushed with stone | Chiuri | Diploknema butyracea (Roxb.) Baehni | ⚫Black | Not Evaluated / No data | Chhetri, S. B. B., Khatri, D., & Parajuli, K. (2020). Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Analgesic Activities of Aqueous Extract of Diploknema butyracea (Roxb.) H.J. Lam Bark. ScientificWorldJournal, 2020, 6141847. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6141847 | Topgay Bhutia | Pragati | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
66 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Bhui Aiselu | Duchesna indica (Andrews) Focke | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Borg, J., & Camilleri, C. (2019). Assessment of Milk Quality in Dairy Farms Fed with Hydroponic Fodder. Journal of Chemistry, 2019. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6853134/ | Buffa, A. M., & Ricciardi, G. (2022). Opuntia as an Innovative Alternative Feed for Sustainable Animal Production Systems: A Review. Agriculture, 12(7), 964. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9265056/ | Chandra Bdr. Gurung | Khorang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
67 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Gagleto | Elatostema platyphyllum Wedd | ⚫Black | Not Evaluated / No data | Upadhyay, A. K., Gogoi, R., & Mitra, P. K. (2021). Ethnobotany of the genus Elatostema J.R. Forster & G. Forster. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 21, 1–24. https://ethnobotanyjournal.org/index.php/era/article/view/2551 | Yang, L., & Li, Y. (2017). Prioritizing fodder species based on traditional knowledge: a case study of mithun (Bos frontalis) in Dulongjiang area, Yunnan Province, Southwest China. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 13(1), 27. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5418811/ | Ash badr subba | lower Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
68 | Sikkim | Human | Seeds use to eat to control Dirrhoea. | Dirrhoea | Seeds are washed, roasted and eaten to control Dirrhoea. | Roast in fire | Pangra | Entada scandens (L.) Benth | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated / No data | Mahmudur Rahman, Dey S.K, Hira A, Abd El-Raheem Ahmed, Howlader Md. SI, Khatun A, Siraj Md. A. (2013). Phytochemical screening and pharmacological activities of Entada scandens seeds. International Journal of Applied Research in Natural Products, 6(1). | Lalduhsanga, P., Lalrinngheta, J., Zothanpuia, R., & Lalchhandama, K. (2024). Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by various ethnic tribes of Mizoram, India. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 24(1), 273. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11086894/ | Bhim badr chettri | lower Onglop | Yangtay | Geyzing | |||
69 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves use for improve skin health. | improve skin health. | Leaves use to make chutny and eat to improve skin health. | mixing with chilli | Bhote dhania | Eryngium foetidum L | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated / No data | Paul, J. H. A., Seaforth, C. E., & Tikasingh, T. (2011). Eryngium foetidum L.: a review. Fitoterapia, 82(3), 302-308. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/0367326X | Paul, J. H. A., Seaforth, C. E., & Tikasingh, T. (2011). Eryngium foetidum L.: A review. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/47729078_Eryngium_foetidum_L_A_review | Bhim badr chettri | lower Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
70 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Ambakey | Eugenia Kurzii Duthie | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Lim, T. K. (2011). Eugenia uniflora. In Edible Medicinal And Non Medicinal Plants: Volume 3, Fruits (pp. 620-630). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands. | Rup maya rai | Sakyong | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
71 | Sikkim | Human | fruits and seeds used as appetizer. | Use as appetizer. | fruits and seeds used to crush and eat raw as appetizer and condiments | Crushed with stone | Khanakpa | Evodia fraxinifolia (D. Don) Hook.f. | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No scientific validation | Rasham lal rai | lower Amlog | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
72 | Sikkim | Human | Cooked and eat to contol Cholesterol & Diabetes | Cholesterol & Diabetes | Make powder use to roast and eat to control Cholesterol & Diabetes | Roast in fire | Tite phapar | Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) H. Hara | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Zhang, L. L., He, Y., Sheng, F., Hu, Y. F., Song, Y., Li, W., ... & Zou, L. (2021). Towards a better understanding of Fagopyrum dibotrys: a systematic review. Chinese medicine, 16(1), 89. | Li, X., Liu, J., Chang, Q., Zhou, Z., Han, R., & Liang, Z. (2021). Antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of proanthocyanidins from Fagopyrum dibotrys. Molecules, 26(9), 2417. | Chandra Bdr. Gurung | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
73 | Sikkim | Veterinary | off season use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle in off season. | Fresh used | Kabra | Ficus benjamina L. | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Mufamadi, T. (2021). Chemical composition, ruminal degradability and in-vitro post ruminal digestibility of ficus polita and ficus benjamina leaves (Doctoral dissertation). | Bhanu kumar Khatiwara | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
74 | Sikkim | Human | Gum use to apply on abscess. | Abscess. | Fresh gum direct apply on abscess. | Fresh used | Lutey Khanew | Ficus clavata Wall. Ex Miq. | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No scientific validation | Bhanu kumar Khatiwara | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
75 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Khasreto | Ficus hirta Vahl | 🟤 Brown Code | Least Concern | Kunwar, R. M., & Bussmann, R. W. (2006). Ficus (Fig) species in Nepal: a review of diversity and indigenous uses. Lyonia, 11(1), 85-97. | Lepcha, C. H. U. Z. I. N. G., & Sharma, B. (2021). Diversity of Ficus L.(Moraceae) and ITS uses in Sikkim Himalayas (India). Int. J. Bot. Res, 11(2), 39-56. | Man rani rai | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
76 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Khasre | Ficus hispida L.F. | 🟤 Brown Code | Least Concern | Lepcha, C. H. U. Z. I. N. G., & Sharma, B. (2021). Diversity of Ficus L.(Moraceae) and ITS uses in Sikkim Himalayas (India). Int. J. Bot. Res, 11(2), 39-56. | Chandra kalo limboo | lower amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
77 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle in off season. | Fresh used | Kavra | Ficus lacor Buch.- Ham. | 🔵 Blue Code | Least Concern | Amatya, N., & Rajbhandary, S. B. (1990). In vitro propagation of Ficus lacor Buch. Ham. Banko Janakari, 3(1), 30-35. | Buddhi lal limboo | lower amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
78 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Khasre Khaneu | Ficus semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex Sm | 🟤 Brown Code | Not Evaluated | Amatya, S. M. (1989). Ficus semicordata Buch. Ham. ex Sm. and its taxonomy. | Buddhi lal limboo | lower amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
79 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves and flower use for foot joint ligament engery. | joint ligament engery. | Flowers and leaves use to boil and take as shoup to cure joint ligament engery. | boiling in water | Bhangre sisnu | Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Njogu, P. M. (2007). Phytochemical investigation and antimicrobial activity of girardinia diversifolia (link) friis (urticaceae) (Doctoral dissertation, University of NAIROBI). | PB Gautam | Barthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
80 | Sikkim | Human | Seeds roasted and make oil to baby head massage. | baby head massage. | Seeds roasted and extract oil to do baby head massage. | Roast in fire | Philunge | Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass | 🟤 Brown Code | Not Evaluated | No scientific validation | PB Gautam | Barthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
81 | Sikkim | Human | Seeds roasted and eat for high source of protien. | high source of protien. | Seeds roasted and crush them then eat for high source of protien. | Roast in fire | Ghiuphal | Hedgsonia heteroclita Hook.f. and Thomson | 🔵 Blue Code | Not Evaluated | Reang, M., Chakraborty, K., & Banik, B. HODGSONIA MACROCARPA (CUCURBITACEAE): A VULNERABLE TRADITIONAL NUT AND POTENTIAL HIGH-YIELD OIL SEED FROM TRIPURA, NORTHEAST INDIA. | Mang lal limboo | upper linchung | Dengtam | Geyzing | ||||
82 | Sikkim | Human | Outer parts use to cleen teeths. | cleen teeths. | Outer part use to cleen the teeth traditionaly. | Crushed and used to clean teeth | Okhar | Juglans regia L. | 🔵 Blue Code | Not Evaluated | Khattak, P., Khalil, T. F., Bibi, S., Jabeen, H., Muhammad, N., Khan, M. A., & Liaqat, S. (2022). Juglans regia (walnut tree) bark in dentistry: walnut tree bark in dentistry. Pakistan BioMedical Journal, 152-156. | Alkhawajah, A. M. (1997). Studies on the antimicrobial activity of Juglans regia. The American journal of Chinese medicine, 25(02), 175-180. | Amirou, A., Mekhfi, H., Bussmann, R. W., & Khojimatov, O. K. (2024). Juglans regia L. Juglandaceae. In Ethnobotany of Northern Africa and Levant (pp. 1191-1210). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. | Al-Rawi, R., Bashir, Y., Mustafa, A., Omar, M., Al-Rawi, N., Saeed, M., ... & Al-Rawi, N. H. (2021). Teeth whitening and antibacterial effects of Juglans regia bark: a preliminary study. International Journal of Dentistry, 2021(1), 6685437. | Tek bir subba | tikjek village | Lingchome | Geyzing | |
83 | Sikkim | Human | Cooked and eat to contol Diabetes | Diabetes | Leaves and young shoots use to boil and eat as shoup for Diabetes. | boiling in water | Patle sisnu | Laportia terminalis Wight | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | No scientific validation | Abiral Thapa | 6th mile village | Geyzing | Geyzing | ||||
84 | Sikkim | Human | Seeds use for Gastric problem | Gastric problem | Seeds use to crush and eat raw to cure Gastric problem. | Crushed with stone and eaten with chilli | Siltimbur | Lindera neesiana (Wall ex Nees) Kurz. | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | No scientific validation | Oma subba | Pragiti village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
85 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits to Pragnent womenfor Protien source | Protien Source | Fruits eat raw by pragnent women for protien source. | Eaten raw | Pumsi | Machilus edulis King.ex Hook.fi | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | No scientific validation | Pardeep Tamang 9775952855 | Pragiti village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
86 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder to goat for dirrhoea. | goat for dirrhoea. | Fresh grass fed to goat to control dirrhoea. | Fresh used | Chinde | Macropanax dispermus (Wallich ex G. Don) Seemann | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | No scientific validation | Pardeep Tamang 9775952855 | Pragiti village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
87 | Sikkim | Agriculture | extract juice to kill wood boring insects. | kill wood boring insects. | Leaves and young shoots crushed and extract juice to kill wood boring insects. | crushed with stone and mix with fresh water | Angeree | Melastoma malabathricum L. | 🔵 Blue Code | Not Evaluated | Rana, R., Samal, I., & Bhoi, T. K. (2022). Traditional methods of insect pest management in India. SOUVENIR &. | Nima Dorjee Bhutia | Pragiti village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
88 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Kaphal | Myrica esculenta Buch.- Ham.ex D. Don | 🔵 Blue Code | Not Evaluated | Kabra, A., Martins, N., Sharma, R., Kabra, R., & Baghel, U. S. (2019). Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don: A natural source for health promotion and disease prevention. Plants, 8(6), 149. | Nima Dorjee Bhutia | Pragiti village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
89 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves and stem use to control blood presuure. | control blood presuure. | Leaves and stem use to boil and eat to control blood presuure. | boiling in water | Simrayo | Nasturtium officinale W. T. Aiton | 🔵 Blue Code | Not Evaluated | No scientific validation | Dadhi ram chettri | Uppwer baluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
90 | Sikkim | Human | Tuber use to cure Urinary problem. | Urinary problem. | Tubers use to crush and extract juice and drink to cure Urinary problem. | crushed with stone | Pani amala | Nephrolepis cordifolia (L.) C. Presl | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Chettri, D., Pradhan, S., Saha, D., & Chowdhury, M. (2024). Traditional healing and antimicrobial role of the herbal drug against UTIs by ethnic people of Darjeeling tea gardens, India. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge (IJTK), 23(2), 170-181. | Garga maan Gaji | lower amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
91 | Sikkim | Human | seeds are cursed to control high fever, asthma and throat pain. | high fever, asthma and throat pain. | seeds are cursed and take it with water to control high fever, asthma and throat pain. | crushed with stone | Totola | Oroxylum indicum (L.) Benth. Ex Kurz | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Harminder, S. V., & Chaudhary, A. K. (2011). A review on the taxonomy, ethnobotany, chemistry and pharmacology of Oroxylum indicum vent. Indian J Pharm Sci, 73(5), 483-90. | Ran maya gurung | Khorang | Lower Lingchom | Geyzing | ||||
92 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits aare use to eat for face clean | Face cleaning | Fruits are consumed raw and crushed and make juice for clean and glow skin. | Eaten raw or crush in mixer | Amala | Phyllanthus emblica L. | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Timudom, T., Chaiyasut, C., Sivamaruthi, B. S., Tiampasook, P., & Nacapunchai, D. (2020). Anti-sebum efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica L.(emblica) toner on facial skin. Applied Sciences, 10(22), 8193. | Durga bir subba | Baluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
93 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fodder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Amphi | Pyrularia edulis (Wall.) A. DC | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Didn't found any. | Suk bdr Rai | Lower Onglop | yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
94 | Sikkim | Human | Comsumed ripe fruits and consume to cure dirrhoea and disentry. | cure dirrhoea and disentry. | Comsumed ripe fruits raw and preserve long time (crush and make juice boili it) cure dirrhoea and disentry. | eaten raw or dry in sun light | Mael | Pyrus pashia Buch.- Ham.ex D. Don | 🔴 Red , 🔴 RED | Least Concern | Om, P., Gopinath, M., Kumar, M., Kumar, S., & Kudachikar, V. (2021). Ethanolic extract of Pyrus pashia buch ham ex. D. Don (kainth): A bioaccessible source of polyphenols with anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 114628 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114628. | Janbaz, K., Ahsan, M., Saqib, F., Imran, I., Zia‐ul‐Haq, M., Rashid, M., Jaafar, H., & Moga, M. (2015). Scientific Basis for Use of Pyrus pashia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don. Fruit in Gastrointestinal, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Ailments. PLoS ONE, 10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118605. | Sarmila Limbu | Lower Bhaluthang | yangtey | Geyzing | |||
95 | Sikkim | Human | flowers use to cure tonsil. | tonsil. | Flowers use to dry and raw and take like tea to cure tonsil. | drying in sunlight | Lali gurans | Rhododendron arboreum Smith | 🔵 BLUE | Least Concern | Shilpa, C., & Divya, V. (2024). PHARMACOLOGICAL BENEFITS AND CONSERVATION STRATEGIES OF RHODODENDRON ARBORETUM SM.: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW. International Journal on Biological Sciences. https://doi.org/10.53390/ijbs.2024.15104. | Damintri Chettri | Upper Bhaluthang | yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
96 | Sikkim | Human | Comsumed ripe fruits and consume to cure dirrhoea and disentry. | cure dirrhoea and disentry. | Comsumed ripe fruits raw to cure dirrhoea and disentry. | Eaten raw | Bhakimlo | Rhus Chinensis Miller | 🔵 BLUE, 🔵 BLUE | Not Evaluated | Li, M., Wang, A., Zhang, Y., Han, T., Guan, L., Fan, D., Liu, J., & Xu, Y. (2022). A comprehensive review on ethnobotanical, phytochemical and pharmacological aspects of Rhus chinensis Mill.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 115288 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115288. | Zhang, Y., Zhang, Y., Yi, J., & Cai, S. (2022). Phytochemical characteristics and biological activities of Rhus chinensis Mill.: a review. Current Opinion in Food Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100925. | Shiva Kr. Rai | Hatidunga | Soreng | Geyzing | |||
97 | Sikkim | Human | Young shoots for throth pain. | throth pain. | Young shoots eat raw to cure throth pain. | Eaten raw | Aiselu | Rubus ellipticus Sm | 🔵 BLUE | Least Concern | Lamichhane, A., Lamichhane, G., & Devkota, H. (2023). Yellow Himalayan Raspberry (Rubus ellipticus Sm.): Ethnomedicinal, Nutraceutical, and Pharmacological Aspects. Molecules, 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28166071. | Shiva Kr. Rai | Hatidunga | Soreng | Geyzing | ||||
98 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits use for Torpid fever, diarrhea | Torpid fever and diarrhea. | Ripe Fruits eat raw to cure Torpid fever and diarrhea. | Eaten raw | Ban kakri | Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) | 🟢 GREEN | Not Evaluated | Krishnamoorthy, K., & Subramaniam, P. (2014). Phytochemical Profiling of Leaf, Stem, and Tuber Parts of Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi Using GC-MS. International Scholarly Research Notices, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/567409. | Topgay Bhutia | Pragati | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
99 | Sikkim | Human | Green fruit use for control blood pressure. | Control Blood pressure | Green fruit is eaten as vegetable to control blood pressure. | boiling in water | Syano Bee | Solanum pseudocapsicum L | 🔴 RED | Not Evaluated | Badami, S., Prakash, O., Dongre, S., & Suresh, B. (2005). In vitro antioxidant properties of Solanum pseudocapsicum leaf extracts. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 37, 251-252. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.16573. | Chandra Bdr. Gurung | Khorang | lower lingchome | Geyzing | ||||
100 | Sikkim | Human | Fruit use to control dirrhoea. | control dirrhoea. | Ripe Fruit eat raw and boil to make juice to cure dirrhoea. | Eaten raw | Titri | Tamarindus indica L. | 🔵 BLUE | Least Concern | Mukherjee, D., Deb, J., Deb, N., Saha, S., & Chakraborty, S. (2024). Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review on Tamarindus indica L.. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. https://doi.org/10.22271/phyto.2024.v13.i1b.14820. | Ash badr subba | lower Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
101 | Sikkim | Human | Seeds use to cure tonsil and feaver. | tonsil and feaver. | Seeds are chewed to cure tonsil and feaver. | chewed raw | Barra | Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. | 🔵 BLUE, 🔵 BLUE | Least Concern | Gupta, A., Kumar, R., Bhattacharyya, P., Bishayee, A., & Pandey, A. (2020). Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) roxb. (Bahera) in health and disease: A systematic and comprehensive review.. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 77, 153278 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153278. | Kumar, N., & Khurana, S. (2018). Phytochemistry and medicinal potential of the Terminalia bellirica Roxb. ( Bahera ). Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources, 9, 97-107. | Bhim badr chettri | lower Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
102 | Sikkim | Human | Seeds use to cure tonsil and feaver. | tonsil and cough. | Seeds are chewed to cure tonsil and cough. | chewed raw | Harra | Terminalia chebula Retz. | 🔵 BLUE , 🔵 BLUE | Least Concern | Tiwari, M., & Barooah, M. (2023). A comprehensive review on the ethno-medicinal and pharmacological properties of Terminalia chebula fruit. Phytochemistry Reviews, 23, 125-145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-023-09878-9. | Nigam, M., Mishra, A., Adhikari-Devkota, A., Dirar, A., Adhikari, A., Belwal, T., & Devkota, H. (2020). Fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz.: A review on traditional uses, bioactive chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. Phytotherapy Research, 34, 2518 - 2533. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6702. | Bhim badr chettri | lower Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
103 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits cure stomach issues, toothache, chest infections, dental problems and digestive problems. | stomach issues, toothache, chest infections, dental problems and digestive problems. | Fruitsuse to crush or make dried and take with water to cure stomach issues, toothache, chest infections, dental problems and digestive problems. | crushed with stone | Boke timur | Zanthoxylum armatum DC. | 🔵 BLUE , 🔵 BLUE | Vulnerable | Mukhtar, H., & Kalsi, V. (2018). A review on medicinal properties of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 11, 2131-2138. https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-360X.2018.00395.5. | Phuyal, N., Jha, P., Raturi, P., & Rajbhandary, S. (2019). Zanthoxylum armatum DC.: Current knowledge, gaps and opportunities in Nepal.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 229, 326-341 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.08.010. | Abikeshar Khatiwada 9735032747 | Middle Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
104 | Sikkim | Human | Fruit use for diseases such as heartburn biliousness and biliousness. | heartburn biliousness and biliousness. | Fruit is eaten raw or preserved Fruits it is used to treat various diseases such as heartburn biliousness and biliousness. | Eaten raw | Bayer | Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. | 🔴 RED, 🔵 BLUE | Least Concern | Akanda, M., & Hasan, A. (2021). Characterization of pharmacological properties of methanolic seed and stem bark extracts of Ziziphus mauritiana (BAU Kul) using in-vitro and in-vivo animal (Swiss albino male mice) model. Clinical Phytoscience, 7, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40816-020-00246-0. | Hussain, S., Butt, S., & Munawar, K. (2021). Phytochemistry of Ziziphus Mauritiana; its Nutritional and Pharmaceutical Potential. Scientific Inquiry and Review. https://doi.org/10.32350/sir.52.01. | Rasham lal rai | lower Amlog | yangtey | Geyzing | |||
105 | Sikkim | Human | Young shoots used in treatment of wound, fever and asthama | wound, fever and asthama. | Young shoots Eaten as vegetable in treatment of wound, fever and asthama. | fried or boiled | Tamarke | Cissampelos pareira L | 🔵 BLUE | Not Evaluated | Da Silva Mendes, J., Cunha, W., Rodrigues, F., Silveira, E., De Lima, R., & Da Costa, J. (2020). Cissampelos genus: biological activities, ethnobotanical and phytochemical aspects. Phytochemistry Reviews, 19, 955 - 982. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-020-09695-4. | Chandra Bdr. Gurung | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
106 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits use for Tonic | Tonic | Fruits use to crush and chew raw as Tonic. | crush with stone | Lalgeri | Abrus precatorius | 🔵 BLUE , 🔵 BLUE | Least Concern | Qian, H., Wang, L., Li, Y., Wang, B., Li, C., Fang, L., & Tang, L. (2022). The traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Abrus precatorius L.: A comprehensive review.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 115463 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115463. | Das, S., & Bhakta, S. (2020). The medicinal values of Abrus precatorius: a review study. , 3, 84. https://doi.org/10.5455/jabet.2020.d111. | Bhanu kumar Khatiwara | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
107 | Sikkim | Human | Root/Rhizome use for Vermifuge and fever . | Vermifuge and fever | Root/Rhizome use to boil and take water to cure Vermifuge and fever. | boiling in water | Bojho | Acorus calamus | 🔵 BLUE | Not Evaluated | Rajput, S., Tonge, M., & Karuppayil, S. (2014). An overview on traditional uses and pharmacological profile of Acorus calamus Linn. (Sweet flag) and other Acorus species.. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology, 21 3, 268-76 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2013.09.020. | Bhanu kumar Khatiwara | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
108 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits use for Tonic | Tonic | Roots use to boil and take as tonic. | boiling in water | Bikh, Atish | Aconitum heterophyllum | 🔵 BLUE, 🔴 RED | Endangered | Wani, T., Kaloo, Z., & Dangroo, N. (2021). Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle: A critically endangered medicinal herb with rich potential for use in medicine.. Journal of integrative medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2021.12.004. | , A., Sharma, M., Suresh, P., Gupta, S., & Sharma, U. (2023). NADES-based selective extraction of bioactive molecules: A case study with commercially important Himalayan medicinal plant Aconitum heterophyllum. Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scp.2023.101305. | Man rani rai | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
109 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits used to treat diarrhea. | treat diarrhea | Fruits used to crush and make juice to treat diarrhea. | crushed with stone | Bael | Aegle marmelos | 🔴 RED | Least Concern | Brijesh, S., , D., Tetali, P., Antia, N., & Birdi, T. (2009). Bmc Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies on the Antidiarrhoeal Activity of Aegle Marmelos Unripe Fruit: Validating Its Traditional Usage. . | Chandra kalo limboo | lower amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
110 | Sikkim | Human | Root use to cure Diabetes, jaundice, urinary disorder | Diabetes, jaundice, urinary disorder. | Root use to crush and make juice for Diabetes, jaundice and urinary disorder. | crushed with stone | Kurilo | Asparagus racemosus | 🔵 BLUE | Not Evaluated | Singh, N., Garg, M., Prajapati, P., Singh, P., Chopra, R., Kumari, A., & Mittal, A. (2023). Adaptogenic property of Asparagus racemosus: Future trends and prospects.. Heliyon, 9 4, e14932 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14932. | Buddhi lal limboo | lower amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
111 | Sikkim | Human | roots use for snakebite and skin diseases. | snakebite and skin diseases | roots use to make paste and apply on snakebite and skin diseases | crushed with stone | Bikh, Bish, | Aconitum ferox | 🔵 BLUE | Critically Endangered | Masal, A., & Shinde, A. (2023). Vatsanabha (Aconitum ferox Wall. ex Seringe): A known Visha but potent medicine W.S.R. Rasa Ratna Samuchchaya. International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine. https://doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v14i3.3684. | Kharka bdr. Gurung | khorang | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | ||||
112 | Sikkim | Human | root used as remedy for asthma, cough and fever. | asthma, cough and fever. | roots use to boil and take drink to cure asthma, cough and fever. | boiling in water | Asuru | Adatoda vasica | 🔵 BLUE | Not Evaluated | Biharee, A., Bhartiya, S., Dubey, D., Yadav, R., Sharma, A., Pathak, S., Chaudhary, A., & Yadav, A. (2022). Ethnobotanical notes and pharmacological overview of traditional plant: Adhatoda vasica. Dermatological Reviews, 4, 211 - 222. https://doi.org/10.1002/der2.170. | Passang Bhutia | Pragati Village | yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
113 | Sikkim | Human | Use as an anti-septic, treatment of small fox, as tooth brush, prophylactic for mouth & teeth. | anti-septic, small fox, as tooth brush, prophylactic for mouth & teeth. | As an anti-septic, treatment of small fox, as tooth brush, prophylactic for mouth & teeth, used as febrifuge. | boiling in water | Nimpati | Azadirachta indica | 🔵 BLUE | Least Concern | Devi, J., & Sharma, R. (2023). Medicinal Importance of Azadirachta indica: An Overview. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i6.5992. | Ran maya Gurung | Khorong | upper lingchom | Geyzing | ||||
114 | Sikkim | Human | Used in diabetes | diabetes | Fruits eat raw and from seeds extract oil for diabetes. | Eaten raw | Chewri | Aesandra butyraceae | 🔴 RED | Least Concern | Mariño, E., Richards, J., McLeod, K., Stanley, D., Yap, Y., Knight, J., McKenzie, C., Kranich, J., Oliveira, A., Rossello, F., Krishnamurthy, B., Nefzger, C., Macia, L., Thorburn, A., Baxter, A., Morahan, G., Wong, L., Polo, J., Moore, R., Lockett, T., Clarke, J., Topping, D., Harrison, L., & Mackay, C. (2017). Gut microbial metabolites limit the frequency of autoimmune T cells and protect against type 1 diabetes. Nature Immunology, 18, 552-562. https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.3713. | Arjun Gurung | Khorong | Upper ling chom | Geyzing | ||||
115 | Sikkim | Human | raw bulb treat cough and cold also ease the symptoms of altitude sickness. | cough and cold also ease the symptoms of altitude sickness. | Seasoning spices and raw bulb chewed to treat cough and cold an also ease the symptoms of altitude sickness. | crushed and eaten with vegetable | Ban Lasun | Allium wallichi | 🔵 BLUE | Not Evaluated | Yan, J., Zhu, J., Liu, Y., Chen, X., Wang, W., Zhang, H., & Li, L. (2022). Recent advances in research on Allium plants: functional ingredients, physiological activities, and applications in agricultural and food sciences. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 63, 8107 - 8135. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2056132. | Kishore Dulal | Upper Kyongsha | yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
116 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves used on burns, purgative, efficacious in treatment of leucoderma. | burns, purgative, efficacious in treatment of leucoderma. | Leaves crush and make paste on burns, purgative, efficacious in treatment of leucoderma. | crush with stone | Ghiukumari | Aloe barbadensis | 🔴 Red , 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Maenthaisong, R., Chaiyakunapruk, N., Niruntraporn, S., & Kongkaew, C. (2007). The efficacy of aloe vera used for burn wound healing: a systematic review. Burns, 33(6), 713–718. | Bhakta Rai | Lower Badung | yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
117 | Sikkim | Human | Bark use as tonic. | as tonic | Bark use to crush and boil and take as tonic. | boiling in water | Chatiwan | Alstonia scholaris | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Upadhyay, A. K., Kumar, K., Kumar, A., & Mishra, H. S. (2010). Pharmacological activities of Alstonia scholaris: A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 4(3), 82–87. | Chandra bdr. Gurung | Khorong | lower lingchom | Geyzing | ||||
118 | Sikkim | Human | fruits use as Stomachic, heart and liver tonic | Stomachic, heart and liver tonic | Seeds use to crush and take as juice for Stomachic, heart and liver tonic | crush with stone or in mixer | Elaichi | Amomum subulatum | 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient (DD) | Dixit, S., Agrawal, R., & Jain, S. (2021). Cardioprotective Action of Amomum Subulatum. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Rural Health, 4(3), 85-89. | Nanda lal Gurung | Khorong | Upper lingchome | Geyzing | ||||
119 | Sikkim | Human | Young shoots use to cure diarrhea. | treat diarrhea | Young shoots use to take raw to cure diarrhea. | Eaten Raw | Thotne | Aconogonum molle | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Joshi, K. R., Devkota, H. P., Watanabe, T., & Yahara, S. (2014). Thotneosides A, B and C: Potent Antioxidants from Nepalese Crude Drug, Leaves of Aconogonon molle. Journal of Natural Medicines, 68(1), 224-228. | Bhim badur subba | Simbala village | Tashiding | Geyzing | ||||
120 | Sikkim | Human | Root & rhizome use as Tonic and fever. | As Tonic and fever. | Root & rhizome use to boil and take as Tonic and to cure fever. | Eaten Raw | Pakhanbed | Berginia ciliata | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Hussain, A., et al. (2022). Botanical standardization of raw herbal drug Pashanabheda [Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb.] used in Indian Systems of Medicine. CABI Digital Library. Retrieved from https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/pdf/10.5555/20220149272 | Chauhan, M., Gangwar, M., Kumar, D., & Singh, A. P. (2015). Bergenia ciliata mine of medicinal properties | Ram Khatiwara | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
121 | Sikkim | Human | bark is useful in skin disease. | skin disease. | Bark use to crush and make paste and use for skin disease. | Crushed with stone | Verla | Bauhinia vahlii | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Evaluation of effects of Bauhinia variegata stem bark extracts against milk-induced eosinophilia in mice. | Bentham Open. (n.d.). In Vivo Study for Anti-inflammatory Activity of Bauhinia variegata L. Leaves. | Bhimraj Subba | Pragati Village | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
122 | Sikkim | Human | Flower taken to cure dysentery, diarrhea & stomach pain and Fruits are used for blood purification. | dysentery, diarrhea & stomach pain and blood purification. | Flower use to crush and make juice is taken to cure dysentery, diarrhea & stomach pain and Fruits take raw for blood purification. | crushed in stone or in mixture | Koirala | Bauhinia variegata | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Sachan, R., Sharma, G., & Kumar, M. (2020). Bauhinia variegata: A comprehensive review on bioactive compounds, health benefits and utilization. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(4), 1-8. | Alam, M. M., Khan, M. A., & Ahmad, S. (2021). Quantification of biochemical compounds in Bauhinia variegata Linn flower extract and its hepatoprotective effect. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research, 12(1), 1-7. | Yogesh Gurung | Khasmal Pelling | lower pelling | Geyzing | |||
123 | Sikkim | Human | bark is used to control diarrhoea | control diarrhoea. | The bark is used to crush and boil to control diarrhoea. | crushed and boiled in water | Tanki | Bauhinia purpurea | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Negi, B. S., Dave, B. P., & Agarwal, Y. K. (2012). Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Bauhinia purpurea leaves under in vitro conditions. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 52(3), 360-365. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3460113/ | Umarani, P., Muthusamy, P., & Jayakar, B. (2011). Bauhinia purpurea Linn.: A review of its ethnobotany, phytochemical and pharmacological profile. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant, 5(4), 420-431. Retrieved from https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=rjmp.2011.420.431 | M.K. Gurung | Darap Nambu | Darap | Geyzing | |||
124 | Sikkim | Human | Extracts from stalks used for venereal disease. | venereal disease. | Juice extracts from stalks used for venereal disease. | Crush in stone | Magar Kanhce | Bagonia picta | ⚫Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Roy, S., Barik, P., Samal, K. C., & Singh, P. K. (2025). Begonia species: a review on its ethnobotany, phytochemicals, and biological activities. Planta, 261(1), 1-27. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/392553907_Begonia_species_a_review_on_its_ethnobotany_phytochemicals_and_biological_activities | Nisha, S., Prasad, K. D., & Renuka, I. (2018). Biological studies on leaves and stems of Begonia picta. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 9(3), 1167-1175. Retrieved from https://ijpsr.com/bft-article/biological-studies-on-leaves-and-stems-of-begonia-picta/ | Nandalal Gurung | Khorang | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | |||
125 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits used in jaundice and malaria | jaundice and malaria | fruits are crushed and make juice to cure jaundice and malaria. | crush with Hand | Chutro | Berberis aristata | 🔴 Red , 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Sharma, R., Chaudhary, D., Kaur, R., & Kumari, S. (2024). The medicinal plant Berberis aristata and its endophytes for pharmacological applications. Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 12(4), 37-46 | Sharma, A., Sharma, R., & Gupta, D. (2024). Unveiling the Medicinal Potential of Berberis aristata: A Traditional Native Plant of Uttarakhand | Abhikesar Khatiwara | Middle Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
126 | Sikkim | Human | Bark use for wounds | wounds | Bark used to crush and heal up the wounds | Crushed with stone | Bhojpatra | Betula utilis | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Rajan, P., Gupta, S., & Sharda, A. (2014). Pharmacological and Phytochemical Properties of Betula utilis: An Overview. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 5(5), 284-290. Retrieved from https://www.rjpbcs.com/pdf/2014_5(5)/[39].pdf | Kumar, Y., Garg, K., Singh, S., Kumar, J., Saha, S., Singh, K., ... & Kumar, A. (2025, April 5). Betula utilis (Bhojpatra): A potent herb with its traditional uses, phytochemistry, clinical application, pharmacology, and toxicology. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. Retrieved from https://japsonline.com/abstract.php?article_id=4512&sts=2 | Abhikesar Khatiwara | Middle Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
127 | Sikkim | Human | Bark use for dysentery. | dysentery | Bark use chew raw to cure dysentery. | Eaten raw | Kainjal | Bischofia javanica | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Dey, A., Saha, S., Mandal, S., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (n.d.). A Review on Traditional Use and Phytopharmacological Potential of Bischofia javanica Blume. Global Research Online. Retrieved from https://globalresearchonline.net/journalcontents/v24-2/05.pdf | Dey, A., Saha, S., Mandal, S., & Bandyopadhyay, S. (2025, March 29). A review on traditional use and phytopharmacological potential of Bischofia javanica blume. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288820858_A_review_on_traditional_use_and_phytopharmacological_potential_of_Bischofia_javanica_blume | Kamal Gurung | Sardung | lower lingchom | Geyzing | |||
128 | Sikkim | Human | Bark use for diarrhea | diarrhea | Bark use to boil and take as drink to cure diarrhea. | boiling in water | Simal | Bombax ceiba | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Chaudhary, P. H., & Khadabadi, S. S. (2012). Bombax ceiba Linn.: Pharmacognosy, Ethnobotany and Phyto-pharmacology. Pharmacognosy Communications, 2(3), 2-9. Retrieved from https://phcogcommn.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/PharmacognCommn_2_3_2.pdf | DB Basnet | Upper Baluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
129 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves used in skin complaint. | skin complaints | Leaves use to crush and make juice and apply in skin complaints. | crushed with hand | Bhinsenpatee | Buddleja asiatica | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Mohamed, M., Allia, M., & El-Toumy, S. A. (2013). Cytotoxic activity of Buddleja asiatica. Life Science Journal, 10(1), 2773-2777. | Ahmad, I., Malik, A., Gilani, A. H., Khan, R. A., & Shah, A. J. (2011). Studies on Buddleja asiatica antibacterial, antifungal, antispasmodic and Ca++ antagonist activities. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(39), 7679-7683. | San Kr. Khatiwara | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
130 | Sikkim | Human | The bark use to treat fever. | treat fever. | The bark juice is given to treat fever. | Crushed with stone | Guahelo | Callicarpa arborea | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Lalthanpuii, P. B., & Lalchhandama, K. (2019). Beautyberry (Callicarpa arborea) as an Antiparasitic Agent Against Raillietina echinobothrida, an Intestinal Tapeworm. Pharmacognosy Journal, 12(1), 1670-1674. | OM Bdr. Khadka | Dhangrey, Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
131 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Sumali | Callicarpa macrophylla | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Rahim, A., Gahlot, G., Jakhmola, V., & Gairola, N. (2025). Pharmacological and Traditional Insights into Callicarpa macrophylla: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Natural Remedies. Retrieved from https://informaticsjournals.co.in/index.php/jnr/article/view/46366 | Soni, R. K., Dixit, V., Irchhaiya, R., & Alok, S. (2014). CALLICARPA MACROPHYLLA: A REVIEW UPDATE ON ITS BOTANY, ETHNOBOTANY, PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY. International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 1(2), 87-94. | OM Bdr. Khadka | Dhangrey, Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
132 | Sikkim | Human | Latex used in sprain & swelling | sprain & swelling | Plant use to crush and get Latex which used in sprain & swelling | Crushed with stone | Ankh | Calotropis gigantea | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Nalwaya, N., Pokharna, G., Deb, L., & Jain, N. K. (2009). Wound healing activity of latex of Calotropis gigantea.International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1(1), 87-90. | Netmeds. (2025, June 13). Calotropis Gigantea: Health Benefits, Uses And Home Remedies Of This Healing Herb. | Resam lal Rai | Lower Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
133 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves use as digestive enzyme. | digestive enzyme | The digestive enzyme papain is extracted from the milky sap | Eaten Raw | Mewa | Carica papaya | 🔴 Red , 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Data Deficient (DD) | Raj, S. R., & Sanjiv, R. (n.d.). Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Carica papaya - ResearchGate. | Nandalal Gurung | Khorang | Upper Linchom | Geyzing | ||||
134 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Raj briksha | Cassia fistula | 🔴 Red , 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Olubiyi, R. I., Ajayi, A. O., Ososanya, T. O., Ayeni, A. O., & Owolabi, B. B. (2023). Influence of Cassia fistula leaf powder on in vitro ruminal fermentation, gas production and degradability of diets for ruminants. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 161(1), 1–11. | Verma, R., & Gupta, A. K. (n.d.). The Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Cassia fistula. | Jharna Chettri 9732454746 | langgang | yangtey | Geyzing | |||
135 | Sikkim | Human | The leaf for stomach pain &The root is used for ringworm | stomach pain. ringworm. | The leaf powder is given to relieve stomach pain. The root paste is used for ringworm. | drying in sunlight | Methi zar | trigonella foenum-graecum L | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Jharna Chettri 9732454746 | langgang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
136 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves are used for skin disease and Urinary discharges. | skin disease and Urinary discharges. | Leaves are used to boil and drink for skin disease and Urinary discharges. | Boiling in water | Gora taprey | Centella asiatica | 🔴 Red , 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Pharmacological Review on Centella asiatica: A Potential Herbal Cure-all. (n.d.). PMC. | Jharna Chettri 9732454746 | langgang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
137 | Sikkim | Human | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Sinkauli | Cinnamomum tamala | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Singh, S. (2022). Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T. Nees & Eberm: A Review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 10(1), 16-20. | Patel, P., Jani, V., & Jani, A. K. (2020). A comprehensive review on Cinnamomum tamala (Indian Bay Leaf). Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 10(1), 167-171. | Sangay tenzing Bhutia | Badung village | yangtey | Geyzing | |||
138 | Sikkim | Human | Fruit peel for Stomach problems and jaundisce. | Stomach problems and jaundisce. | Fruit peel use to dried to make powder for Stomach problems and jaundisce. | drying in sunlight | Suntala | Citrus indica | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Razavi, S. M., Soroosh, S., Pirouznia, N., & Khajouee, A. (2020). Citrus species: A Review of Traditional Uses,Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 26(1), 45-66. | Liu, Y., Zhao, K., Li, Z., Guo, S., Zheng, B., Han, Y., ... & Dong, H. (2024). Nobiletin from citrus peel: a promising therapeutic agent for liver disease-pharmacological characteristics, mechanisms, and potential applications.Pharmacological Research, 199, 107005. | sangay tenzing Bhutia | Badung village | yangtey | Geyzing | |||
139 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Pinaasey lahara | Clematis buchnaniana | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | sangay tenzing Bhutia | Badung village | yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
140 | Sikkim | Human | leaves for tonic and febrifuge. | tonic and febrifuge. | Leaves are use to make fresh juice for tonic and febrifuge. | Crushed with hand | Chitu | Clerodendron infertunatumr | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bhattacharjee, S., & Saha, S. (2011). Clerodendrum infortunatum Linn. (Verbenaceae): A review. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 10(1), 127-132. | Kawsila chettri 7872973340 | Pragiti village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
141 | Sikkim | Human | whole plant built up immune system. | immune system | whole plant dried and use to make powder for built up immune system. | Dried | Yarcha gombuk | Cordyceps sinensis | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue | Vulnerable (VU) | Chen, P. X., Wang, S., Nie, S., & Marcone, M. (2013). Properties of Cordyceps Sinensis: A review. Journal of Functional Foods, 5(2), 550–569. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.01.034. 8 | Kuo MC, Chang CY, Cheng TL, Wu MJ. (2007). Immunomodulatory effect of exo-polysaccharides from submerged cultured Cordyceps sinensis: enhancement of cytokine synthesis, CD11b expression, and phagocytosis. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 75(4), 769–775. doi: 10.1007/s00253-007-0880-5. 9 | Kawsila chettri 7872973340 | Pragiti village | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
142 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves use for wounds and burns. | wounds and burns. | It is also used in healing wounds, ulcers, burns. | Eaten Raw | Calendula | Calendula officinalis | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Chandran, P. K., & Kuttan, R. (2008). Effect of Calendula officinalis Flower Extract on Acute Phase Proteins, Antioxidant Defense Mechanism and Granuloma Formation During Thermal Burns. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 43(2), 58–64. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.2008043. 11 | Rezai, S., Rahzani, K., Hekmatpou, D., & Rostami, A. (2022). Effect of oral Calendula officinalis on second-degree burn wound healing. Scars, Burns & Healing, 8. doi: 10.1177/20595131221134053. 10 | Rasham lal rai | lower Amlog | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
143 | Sikkim | Human | leaves used for diuretic. | diuretic. | leaves are use to boil and drink for diuretic. | Boiling in water | Sadabahar | Catharanthus roseus | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Goyal, M., & Kumar, A. (2023). Pharmacological potential of bioactive compounds found in Catharanthus roseus extract: A comprehensive review. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 40, 100684. doi: 10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100684. 12 | Chandra Bdr. Gurung | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
144 | Sikkim | Human | leaves throat troubles and piles | throat troubles and piles | leaves use to boil and eat like soup for throat troubles and piles | Boiling in water | Bethu Saag | Chenopodium album | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bhatia, M., Singh, S., Pagare, S., & Kumar, B. (2020). A PHARMACOLOGICAL COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON CHENOPODIUM ALBUM L. International Journal of Current Research, 12(12), 15360-15368. doi: 10.24941/ijcr.40425.12.2020. 17 | OM Bdr. Khadka 8145748982 | Dhangrey, Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
145 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits are used typhoid and dysentery. | typhoid and dysentery. | Fruits are used to eat raw and do preserve in the treatment of typhoid and dysentery. | Fermentation | Bimbira | Citrus medica | 🟤 Brown 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Dahan, A., Yarmolinsky, L., Nakonechny, F., Semenova, O., Khalfin, B., & Ben-Shabat, S. (2025). Etrog Citron (Citrus medica) as a Novel Source of Antimicrobial Agents: Overview of Its Bioactive Phytochemicals and Delivery Approaches. Pharmaceutics, 17(6), 761. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17060761. 19 | San Kr. Khatiwara 9735087569 | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
146 | Sikkim | Human | Seeds use for Chicken pox and tumor. | Chicken pox andtumors. | Seeds use to boil and take that boiled water to cure Chicken pox and tumors. | Boiling in water | Gahat | Dolichus uniflorus | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Deegan, W. F., 3rd. (1994). Unifocal choroiditis in primary varicella zoster (chickenpox). Archives of Ophthalmology, 112(6), 735-736. | Emmrich, F., et al. (1984). A spell of chicken-pox on a cancer patients' ward. Klinische Wochenschrift, 62(9), 387-389. doi: 10.1007/BF01742293. | Bhim badr chettri | lower Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
147 | Sikkim | Human | Roots& Leaves to control high blood presure | control high blood presure | Roots & Leaves use to boil and drink to helps to control high blood pressure. | Boiling in water | Basak | Dichroa febrifuga | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Koepfli, J. B., Mead, J. F., & Brockman, J. A., Jr. (1947). An alkaloid with high antimalarial activity from Dichroa febrifuga. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 69(7), 1837. doi: 10.1021/ja01199a513 | Pines, M., & Nagler, A. (2012). Halofuginone—The Multifaceted Molecule. Molecules, 17(12), 14643–14658. doi: 10.3390/molecules171214643. | Rup maya rai | Sakyong | Yanggtey | Geyzing | |||
148 | Sikkim | Human | The bark for treat fever and The roots for intestinal troubles. | fever and intestinal troubles. | The bark use to crush and make juice and given to treat fever. The roots are used to crush and make juice for intestinal troubles. | Crushed with stone | Kagatey | Daphne cannabina | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Li, X., et al. (2025). Mitigation of chemotherapy-induced gut dysbiosis and diarrhea by supplementation with heat-killed Bacteroides fragilis. Frontiers in Immunology, 16, 40624638. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.40624638. | Lima, A. A., et al. (1987). Lack of a role of the duodenal microflora in pathogenesis of persistent diarrhea and diarrhea-related malabsorption in Peruvian children. Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 6(3), 276-282. doi: 10.1097/00006454-198703000-00013. | Rasham lal rai | lower Amlog | yangtey | Geyzing | |||
149 | Sikkim | Human | Flower use for diarrhea | diarrhea | Flower use to boil and drink like tea to cure diarrhea. | Boiling in water | Sakhino jhar | Desmodium spp. | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ezike, A. C., Akah, P. A., Okoli, C. O., Ufere, I. K., Ezeudu, E., Okoye, C. F., Ashara, C. & Igbokwe, I. N. (2014). STUDIES ON GASTROINTESTINAL EFFECTS OF DESMODIUM VELUTINUM: A TRADITIONAL REMEDY FOR DIARRHEA. American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 9(2), 114-124. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajptsp.2014.114.124. | Chandra Bdr. Gurung | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
150 | Sikkim | Human | leaves is taken for fever. | fever. | Leaves use to boil and drink to cure fever. | Boiling in water | Vasak | Dichorea febrifuja | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bhanu kumar Khatiwara | middle amlok | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
151 | Sikkim | Human | Fruit for fever and cough. | Feaver and cough. | Fruit juice with sugar works ass cooling beverage in fever and cough. | Eaten raw | Ramphal | Dillenia indica | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Gogoi, B., & Gogoi, N. (2020). Dillenia indica Linn.—A Multipurpose Medicinal Plant of Assam. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9(4), 163-167. 3 | Kishore Dulal | Upper Kyongsha | Yangthang | Geyzing | ||||
152 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves for wound | Wound | Leaves and young shoots are use to crush and make paste and apply on wound. | Paste | Kukurtarul | Dioscorea deltoidea | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Sawangjaroen, K., et al. (2024). Dioscorea bulbifera Linn. extract and flavanthrinin as a potential antibacterial agent for skin infection: In vitro and in vivo studies. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 325, 117064. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117064. 38 | Chandra bdr. Gurung | Khorong | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | ||||
153 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Ghartarul | Dioscorea alata | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | El-Hawary, M. E., & El-Ashry, M. A. (2023). Effects of herbal supplements on milk production quality and specific blood parameters in heat-stressed early lactating cows. Veterinary World, 16(6), 1184–1191. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1184-1191. | Nanda lal Gurung | Khorong | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | ||||
154 | Sikkim | Human | Used for epileptic fits. | epileptic fits. | cure epileptic fits. | Dried | Rudraksh | Eleocorpus spaericus | ⚫Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Fisher, R. S., et al. (2005). Epileptic seizures and epilepsy: definitions proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) and the International Bureau for Epilepsy (IBE). Epilepsia, 46(4), 470-472. doi: 10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.66104.x. | Pradeep Tamang | Pragati | Yangthang | Geyzing | ||||
155 | Sikkim | Human | fruits for typhoid. | typhoid. | Fruits use as raw for treatment of typhoid. | Fresh used | Khanakpa | Evodia fraxinifolia | ⚫Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Baker, S., et al. (2022). The international and intercontinental spread and expansion of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella Typhi: a genomic epidemiology study. Lancet Microbe, 3(7), e501-e510. doi: 10.1016/S2666-5247(22)00078-4. 43 | Pitzer, V. E., & Patel, M. K. (2015). A review of typhoid fever transmission dynamic models and economic evaluations of vaccination. Vaccine, 33(14), 1615-1629. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.02.046. | M.K. Gurung | Darap | Darap | Geyzing | |||
156 | Sikkim | Human | Seeds use to control dandruff | control dandruff | Seeds use to crush and make paste and use as soap for control dandruff. | Paste | Pangra | Entada scandens | 🟤 Brown, 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Gemmer, C. M., & DeAngelis, Y. M. (2011). Stratum corneum dysfunction in dandruff. British Journal of Dermatology, 165(Suppl 2), 3-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10496.x. 24 | Nandalal Gurung | Khorong | Upper Lingchom | Geyzing | ||||
157 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves use for control bleeding of urinary tract. | bleeding of urinary tract. | Fresh leaves use to boil and drink that water to cure bleeding of urinary tract. | Boiling in water | Kurkure Jhar | Equesetum debile | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | DB Basnet | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
158 | Sikkim | Human | leaves used in cuts and wounds. | cuts and wounds. | Extract got from leaves crush and used in cuts and wounds. | Paste | Kalijhar | Eupapatorium odoratum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Phan TT, Hughes MA, Cherry GW, Le TT, Pham HM. (1996). An aqueous extract of the leaves of Chromolaena odorata (formerly Eupatorium odoratum) (Eupolin) inhibits hydrated collagen lattice contraction by normal human dermal fibroblasts. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine | DB Basnet | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
159 | Sikkim | Human | Leaf and stem use for stop bleeding & infection. | stop bleeding & infection. | Leaf and stem used to crush and make paste and apply on cut & bruises to stop bleeding & infection. | Paste | Banmara | Eupatorium cannabium | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Mohelfatih, M., et al. (2025). Major blood stream infection-causing bacterial pathogens, antimicrobial resistance patterns and trends: a multisite retrospective study in Asmara, Eritrea (2014-2022). Infection and Drug Resistance, 18, 39984936. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S476332. 53 | DB Basnet | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
160 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits use to cure Urinary tract infection (UTI) | Urinary tract infection (UTI) | Fruitsuse to crush and make juice and take for Urinary tract infection (UTI) | Fresh used | Amla | Emblica officinalis Gaertn phyllantus emblic linn | 🔴 Red , 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Saeed, S., & Tariq, P. (2007). Antibacterial activities of Emblica officinalis and Coriandrum sativum against Gram negative urinary pathogens. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20(1), 32-35. PMID: 17337425. | Passang Sherpa 9064334133 | zill village | Soreng | Rinchanpong | ||||
161 | Sikkim | Agriculture | stem bark is used in paper manufacture. | paper manufacture. | A fish poison and stem bark is used in paper manufacture. | drying in sunlight | Argaily | Edgewotthia gardeneri | ⚫Black | Least Concern (LC) | Passang Sherpa 9064334133 | zill village | Soreng | Rinchanpong | |||||
162 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Tarpin | Eucalyptus globosa | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Sheoran, S., Dey, A., & Sindhu, S. (2023). Reduction of methane and nitrogen emission and improvement of feed efficiency, rumen fermentation, and milk production through strategic supplementation of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus citriodora) leaf meal in the diet of lactating buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 125510-125525. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31089-0. | Naina kala rai 7407603019 | zill village | Soreng | Rinchanpong | ||||
163 | Sikkim | Human | Latex for check infection. | infection | Latex, bark applied on boils to check infection | Fresh used | Khasrey Khaneu | Ficus semicordata | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Baral, R., Karki, A., Karki, S., Neupane, B., Koirala, P., Baral, S., & Panta, S. (2021). Current Perspectives on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. . | Gandhi, A. (2020). Qualitative, quantitative screening and antifungal study of ficus semicordata buch. -HAM. EX SM. International Journal of Public Health Science, 9. https://doi.org/10.11591/IJPHS.V9I2.20384. | Domit Lepcha 7047643346 | zill village | soreng | Rinchanpong | |||
164 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Lakuri | Fraxinus floribunda | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No scientific validation | Gori Maya Limboo 9609064621 | Hee Goaw | Burmiok | Geyzing | ||||
165 | Sikkim | Human | Tubers use for abdominal pains | abdominal pains | Tubers use to boil and take for cure abdominal pains | Boiling in water | Langarey Tarul, | Gloriosa superba | 🟢 Green 🔵Blue | Least Concern | Mna, R., Chennamaneni, S., & Challa, S. (2013). Anti-ulcerogenic Evaluation of Gloriosa Superba Tuber Extracts In-vivo and Anthelmintic Activity In-vitro: A Comparison.. Research and reviews: journal of medical and health sciences, 2, 73-79. | Uplanchiwar, V. (2021). PHARMACOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF ANTIULCER ACTIVITY OF GLORIOSA SUPERBA LINN TUBERS IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED GASTRIC ULCERS. Journal of Medical pharmaceutical and allied sciences. https://doi.org/10.22270/jmpas.v10i3.1164. | Sabia Pradhan 7407458778 | zill village | soreng | Rinchhananpong | |||
166 | Sikkim | Human | Roots are used for Cough and fever. | Cough and fever. | Roots are used dry then use that dried roots to boil and take as a medicine in Cough, fever. | Drying in sunlight | Jethimadhu | Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. | 🔴 Red 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Jalali, A., Dabaghian, F., Akbrialiabad, H., Foroughinia, F., & Zarshenas, M. (2020). A pharmacology‐based comprehensive review on medicinal plants and phytoactive constituents possibly effective in the management of COVID‐19. Phytotherapy Research, 35, 1925 - 1938. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6936. | Nosáľová, G., Flešková, D., Jurecek, L., Sadloňová, V., & Ray, B. (2013). Herbal polysaccharides and cough reflex. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, 187, 47-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resp.2013.03.015. | Sujata rai 9733294342 | Toyang village | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
167 | Sikkim | Human | Astringent property, a nutritional diet, rich in vitamins and minerals | Astringent property, a nutritional diet, rich in vitamins and minerals | Astringent property, a nutritional diet, rich in vitamins and minerals use to take as dry or roast. | Drying in sunlight | vhatmas | Glyeine soja | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Ren, Z., Yin, X., Liu, L., Zhang, L., Shen, W., Fang, Z., Yu, Q., Qin, L., Chen, L., Jia, R., Wang, X., & Liu, B. (2024). Flavonoid localization in soybean seeds: Comparative analysis of wild (Glycine soja) and cultivated (Glycine max) varieties.. Food chemistry, 456, 139883 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139883. | Nnu Maya Kami 9083529448 | Toyang village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
168 | Sikkim | Human | Fruits use for skin Eruptions. | skin Eruptions. | Fruits eat raw for skin Eruptions. | Fresh used | Achuk | Hippophae salicifolia | 🟤 Brown 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Pundir, S., Garg, P., Dviwedi, A., Ali, A., Kapoor, V., Kapoor, D., Kulshrestha, S., Lal, U., & Negi, P. (2020). Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and dermatological effects of Hippophae rhamnoides L.: A review.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 113434 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113434. | Sabitri Biswakarma 7478734324 | Toyang village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
169 | Sikkim | Human | Oil is used for headache. | headache. | Oil is extracted from nuts and used for headache. | Okhar | Juglans regia | 🟤 Brown 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Raafat, K. (2018). Phytochemical analysis of Juglans regia oil and kernel exploring their antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potentials utilizing combined bio-guided GC-FID, GC-MS and HPLC analyses. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 28, 358-368. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BJP.2018.03.007. | Sabitri Biswakarma 7478734324 | Toyang village | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
170 | Sikkim | Human | roots for wounds and Broken bones. | Fracture and broken bones. | Roots use to crush then make paste and apply on the place of fracture or broken bones then tight with cloths. | Paste (Crush with the help of stones) | Bhui Champa | Kaempferia roturela | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated | Adhikary, S., Choudhary, D., Ahmad, N., Karvande, A., Kumar, A., Banala, V., Mishra, P., & Trivedi, R. (2018). Dietary flavonoid kaempferol inhibits glucocorticoid-induced bone loss by promoting osteoblast survival.. Nutrition, 53, 64-76 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2017.12.003. | Sabitri Biswakarma 7478734324 | Toyang village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
171 | Sikkim | Human | It is aromatic. | aromatic | It is aromatic, carminative. | Drying | Siltimbur | Linderaa neesiana | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Shyaula, S., Ghimire, M., Maharjan, S., & Gurung, K. (2024). Optimisation of Essential Oil Extraction of Lindera neesiana From Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid and Comparison to Steam and Simultaneous Distillation Extraction. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/ffj.3835. | DB Basnet | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
172 | Sikkim | Human | fruit for stomach trouble. | stomach trouble. | seeds use to dried or take raw for stomach trouble. | Fresh used | Bokey timur | Litsea citrata | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | , 赵. (1992). Process for preparing compound injection of cubeb litsea tree fruit. . | Kong, D., Zhao, Y., Li, G., Chen, B., Wang, X., Zhou, H., Lou, H., Ren, D., & Shen, T. (2015). The genus Litsea in traditional Chinese medicine: an ethnomedical, phytochemical and pharmacological review.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 164, 256-64 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.02.020. | DB Basnet | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||
173 | Sikkim | Human | Whole plant for blood purifier. | blood purifier. | Whole plant use to boil and take like tea for blood purifier. | Boiling | Naagbeli | Lycopodium clavatum | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No Scientific validation | DB Basnet | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
174 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves for maintain body tempurature. | maintain body tempurature. | Leaves use to soaking for whole night and have with water to maintain body tempurature. | Soaking overnight | Pudina | Mentha viridis | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Kouhila, M., Belghit, A., Daguenet, M., & Boutaleb, B. (2001). Experimental determination of the sorption isotherms of mint (Mentha viridis), sage (Salvia officinalis) and verbena (Lippia citriodora). Journal of Food Engineering, 47, 281-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(00)00130-8. | Passang Sherpa 9064334133 | zill village | Soreng | Rinchanpong | ||||
175 | Sikkim | Human | Root is tonic. | tonic. | Root is is use to crush and make juice as tonic. | Paste | Sajana | Moringa oleifera | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Chowdhury, G. (2023). Moringa oleifera: Nutritional and Functional components and its Medicinal Importance in Ayurveda. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE. https://doi.org/10.5455/jrtm.2023/122152. | Passang Sherpa 9064334133 | zill village | Soreng | Rinchanpong | ||||
176 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Baahuni Lahara | Marsdenia roylei | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | No Scientific validation | Naina kala rai 7407603019 | zill village | Soreng | Rinchanpong | ||||
177 | Sikkim | Human | The root is used in treating fever and cough complaint. | fever and cough | Roots use to make paste and drink with water to cure fever and cough. | Paste | Lajjawanti | Mimosa pudica | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Prashar, S., Kaur, P., Sharma, P., Khatun, A., & Shaikh, N. (2020). A Study on Comparative Antioxidant Properties of Mimosa pudica, Vachellia nilotica, Leucas aspera, Phyllanthus niruri, emidesmus indicus and Adhatoda vasica. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 9, 833-840. https://doi.org/10.20546/IJCMAS.2020.912.100. | Domit Lepcha 7047643346 | zill village | soreng | Rinchanpong | ||||
178 | Sikkim | Human | Whole plant & root stock for Skin disease. | Skin disease. | Whole plant & root stock cuts and boil and take for Skin diseases. | Boiling | Jatamansi | Nardostachys jatamansi DC. | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🔴 Red | Critically Endangered | Yoon, C., Lee, H., Liu, Z., Dong, L., Lee, G., Kim, N., Oh, H., & Lee, D. (2024). Cycloolivil Isolated from Nardostachys jatamansi Inhibits TNF-α/IFN-γ-Induced Chemokine Production by Blocking NF-κB and JAK/STAT Activation in HaCaT Keratinocytes. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063342. | Gori Maya Limboo 9609064621 | Hee Goaw | Burmiok | Geyzing | ||||
179 | Sikkim | Human | Flower use for diebatic and control pressure. | diebatic and control pressure. | Infusion of leaves is given as a remedy for gastric trouble, flu, colds & feaver. | Boiling | Tulasi | Ocimum sanctum | 🟢 Green | Least Concern | Somasundaram, G., Manimekalai, K., Salwe, K., & Pandiamunian, J. (2019). EVALUATION OF THE ANTIDIABETIC EFFECT OF OCIMUM SANCTUM IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS. . | Sabia Pradhan 7407458778 | zill village | soreng | Rinchanpong | ||||
180 | Sikkim | Human | Bark, root bark, fruits,/fever, bronchitis, dysentery, asthma | Bark, root bark, fruits,/fever, bronchitis, dysentery, asthma | Flower use as vegetable to control diebatic and control pressure. | Boiling | Totola | Oroxylum indicum | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🔴 Red | Least Concern | Dinda, B., SilSarma, I., Dinda, M., & Rudrapaul, P. (2015). Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, an important Asian traditional medicine: from traditional uses to scientific data for its commercial exploitation.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 161, 255-78 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2014.12.027. | Sujata rai 9733294342 | Toyang village | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
181 | Sikkim | Human | Leaves and shoot for cuts & wounds to stop bleeding & infection | cuts & wounds to stop bleeding & infection | Fresh juice applied on cuts & wounds to stop bleeding & infection | Fresh used | Jaringo | Phytolacca acinossa | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Albahri, G., Badran, A., Hijazi, A., Daou, A., Baydoun, E., Nasser, M., & Merah, O. (2023). The Therapeutic Wound Healing Bioactivities of Various Medicinal Plants. Life, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020317. | G.M Gagi 9593375962 | lower Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
182 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Pipla | Piper longum | Not Evaluated | No Scientific validation | G.M Gagi 9593375962 | lower Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
183 | Sikkim | Human | stem use for cuts & wounds to stop bleeding & infection | cuts & wounds to stop bleeding & infection | Mashed stem and make paste and applied on cuts & wounds to stop bleeding & infection | Paste | Thado unew | Pteri biaurita | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Sheeba, H., Jeya, B., & Kumar, R. (2014). Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized from a Few Medicinal Ferns. . | Om Bhadur Kharka 8145748982 | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
184 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Ratnaula | Polygonum viviparum | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Yao, X., Wu, J., & Gong, X. (2019). Precipitation and seasonality affect grazing impacts on herbage nutritive values in alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Journal of Plant Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1093/JPE/RTZ027. | Naina kala rai 7407603019 | zill village | Soreng | Rinchanpong | ||||
185 | Sikkim | Human | roots used as astringent, tonic stomachic | astringent, tonic stomachic | Dried rhizome &roots are use to crush and make powder and used as astringent, tonic stomachic. The petals as pickles. | Drying | Padamchal | Rheum australe | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue | Endangered | Pandith, S., Dar, R., Lattoo, S., Shah, M., & Reshi, Z. (2018). Rheum australe, an endangered high-value medicinal herb of North Western Himalayas: a review of its botany, ethnomedical uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology. Phytochemistry Reviews, 17, 573 - 609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-018-9551-7. | Domit Lepcha 7047643346 | zill village | Soreng | Rinchanpong | ||||
186 | Sikkim | Human | fruit is used to cure burnt part of the body. | burnt body part | The juice of fruit is used to cure burnt part of the body | Fresh used | Ritha | Sapindus mukrosssi | 🟤 Brown 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | No Scientific validation | Sam kumar Chettri 9735087569 | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
187 | Sikkim | Veterinary | use as fooder. | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production | Fresh grass fed to cattale to improve low milk production and energy in cattle. | Fresh used | Tooni | Toona ciliata | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Kaushik, T. (1993). Variation Studies on Toona ciliata M. Roem.. . | Sam kumar Chettri 9735087569 | Upper Bhaluthang | Yangtey | Geyzing | ||||
188 | Sikkim | Human | Eaten raw roots or boiling roots | superior for pregnent ladies and help to enhance milk creation | Eaten raw or making powder and taken with water | Satavari | Asparagus racemosus | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Kumar, S., Mehla, R., & Dang, A. (2008). USE OF SHATAVARI (ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS) AS A GALACTOPOIETIC AND THERAPEUTIC HERB- A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews, 29, 132-138. | Abikeshar Khatiwada 9735032747 | Middle Onglop | Yangtey | Geyzing | |||||
189 | Category-Human, Veterinary, Agriculture | Title of Practice | Ailment/problem | practice in detail | Process: boiling, mixing, paste, fermentation, soaking overnight, soaking for longer duration, drying | Ingredient/Plant)-1 (Write local name, English Name, Botanical name | PAs Code-red: clinical studies done; green- AYUSH, Blue- In vitro or In vivo study done; Brown: only ethnographical report ; black: not reported or unique | IUCN status Plant 1 | PAS-1 | PAS-2 | PAS-3 | PAS-4 | Knowledge Provider name | Village | Block | District | |||
190 | Local | English | Botanical | ||||||||||||||||
191 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for treating muscle fatigue | Muscle fatigue | The aerial parts of the plant are boiled in water to prepare a decoction, which is applied topically to relieve muscle fatigue. | Boiling (decoction) | Thulbabil/ Bobul | Babuna | Cotula anthemoids L | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Mir et al. (2022) documented C. anthemoides decoction for muscular pain in Srinagar Himalayan communities (ethnobotanical) MDPI+7ethnobotanyjournal.org+7Cabi Digital Library+7; MDPI/Molecules (2022) confirmed anti‑inflammatory (in vitro, COX‑2/TNF‑α inhibition) | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
192 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional body wash for postpartum care in women | Postpartum hygiene and recovery | The plant is boiled in water and used as a traditional body wash for postpartum recovery in women. | Boiling | Thulbabil | Babuna | Cotula anthemoids L | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Wani et al. (2019) recorded its topical use in postpartum hygiene in Kashmir. EthnobotanyJournal | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
193 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal formulation to cure diarrhea | Diarrhea | 5–10 g of fresh leaves are boiled to make a decoction, which is consumed orally to treat diarrhoea. | Boiling (decoction) | Yann | Horse Mint | Mentha longifolia | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Lone & Rather (2020) report use in Bandipora. Khan et al. (2018) showed antimicrobial activity. ResearchGate | Gh Mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
194 | Kashmir | Human Health | Indigenous remedy for toothache | Toothache | Half-burnt seeds are placed directly on the infected tooth to relieve pain. | Burning / Direct use | Datur | Thorn apple | Datura stramonium | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | Mir & Bhat (2021) ethnobotanical account; Singh et al. (2015) validated anti-inflammatory effect. PubMed | Ali Mohd Dar | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
195 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Fodder plant used for general cattle nutrition | General nutrition in livestock | The fresh plant is fed directly to cattle to support nutrition. | Direct feeding | Dramun | Bermuda grass | Cynodon dactylon | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Shah, A., & Ganie, A. (2019). Traditional fodder practices in rural Kashmir. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 17: 1–10. https://ethnobotanyjournal.org | Ali Mohd Dar | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
196 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional herbal treatment for toothache | Toothache | Fresh roots are chewed directly to relieve tooth pain. | Direct chewing | Pahale Ghass | Common Yarrow | Achillea Millefolium | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Rahman, A., et al. (2020). Antinociceptive effects of Achillea millefolium extract in experimental dental pain. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 253, 112658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.112658 | Gh Mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
197 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Fodder herb used to enhance milk yield and animal vitality | Low milk yield & poor animal vitality | 1 kg of fresh plant is fed to cattle daily to improve milk yield and vitality. | Direct feeding | Batt Threer | - | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||||||
198 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Herbal fodder for improving cattle milk production | Low milk production in cattle | 1 kg of fresh leaves and stem given to cattle in morning and evening feed. | Direct feeding | Dadije | Milk Thistle | lactuca serriola | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Rauf, A. et al. (2015). L. serriola as ethnoveterinary feed in NW Pakistan. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 13: 499–510. ResearchGate | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
199 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach ache | Stomach ache | A spoonful of root extract is given orally to relieve stomach pain. | Extract / Oral dose | Mohar Munj | Wild Carrot | daucus carota | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Sharma, N. et al. (2012). Antispasmodic properties of D. carota. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(3): 475–480. | Gh Mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
200 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal decoction used for mouth rinsing | Oral infections & bad breath | Pine leaves are boiled to make a decoction used as a mouth rinse. | Boiling (decoction) | Kairn | Pinus Sp | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Jain, S. et al. (2019). Antimicrobial activity of Pinus roxburghii essential oil. Indian J. Trad. Knowl., 18(1): 136–141. | Gh Mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | ||||
201 | Kashmir | Human Health | Multifunctional herbal remedy for toothache, stomach ache & fatty liver | Toothache, stomach ache, fatty liver | Fresh or dried leaves are boiled into decoction and given orally to treat multiple ailments like stomach ache and worms | Boiling (decoction) | Tathwain | wormwood | Artimesia absenthium | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Tiwari, A. et al. (2021). Anthelmintic activity of A. absinthium. Pharmacognosy Journal, 13(3): 637–642. | Zoona Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
202 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Cattle fodder to boost milk yield and animal health | Low milk yield & animal health maintenance | Fresh plant (1 kg) fed to cattle daily for boosting productivity and strength in cow | Direct feeding | Haath Mool | common vervain | Verbena officinalis L | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | AYUSH Pharmacopoeia. (2011). Verbena spp. listed under medicinal veterinary plants. | Mubeena Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
203 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Ethnoveterinary practice for improving animal condition | Weakness or poor body condition in animals | Fresh leaves given once daily to improve physical condition in animals. | Direct feeding | Baad Gul | broadleaf plantain | Plantago major L | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Khan, M.A. (2018). Ethnoveterinary uses of P. major in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. JAPS, 28(2): 547–552. | Mubeena Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
204 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for cough & cold | Cough & cold | Dried fruits are powdered and taken orally with water to relieve cough and cold symptoms. | Drying / Powdering | Wild strawberry | Wild strawberry | Fragaria nubicola (Rosaceae) | 🟢 Green → 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Dar, G.H. et al. (2017). Himalayan ethnobotany. Indian J. Ethnopharm., 197: 138–144; in vitro antioxidant studies confirm use. | Zoona Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
205 | Kashmir | Human Health | Fresh fruit tonic for weakness and stomach upsets | General weakness & stomach upset | Fresh fruit taken as juice or jam to relieve general weakness and digestive upset. | Juicing | Wild strawberry | Wild strawberry | Fragaria nubicola (Rosaceae) | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bhat, M. et al. (2020). Nutraceutical potential of wild strawberries. Asian J. Bio Sci., 15(2): 324–330. | Zoona Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
206 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach relief | Stomach discomfort | A decoction from fresh leaves is taken orally (1 tsp) to treat upset stomach. | Boiling (decoction) | Shallut | Asthmaweed | Conyza bonariensis | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | El-Shazly, A. et al. (2014). Antispasmodic & antimicrobial effects of C. bonariensis. Phytotherapy Research, 28(9): 1369–1375. | Gh Mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
207 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Herbal fodder promoting digestion and physical fitness in cattle | Indigestion & weakness in cattle | Fresh plant is fed to cattle to improve digestion and strength. | Direct feeding | Shallut | Asthmaweed | Conyza bonariensis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ethnobotanical survey in North India (Yadav et al., 2017). No pharmacological trials. | Gh Mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
208 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Herbal remedy for treating anaemia | Anaemia | Fresh fruit is juiced and given to treat anaemia. | Juicing | Chanch | thornless blackberry | Rubus ulmifolius | 🔵 Blue | vulnerable | Barros, L. et al. (2010). Iron and vitamin C content support use in anaemia. Food Chemistry, 123(3): 883–888. | Ali Mohd Dar | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
209 | Kashmir | Human Health | Indigenous medicine for anaemia management | Anaemia | The fresh fruits are crushed into extract then given in the form of juice | Crushing / Juicing | Kamai | black nightshade | Solanum migrum | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Raju, K. et al. (2019). S. nigrum boosts haemoglobin in rats. Int. J. Pharma Bio Sci., 10(3): 159–166. | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
210 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for tooth pain relief | Toothache | Roots are chewed or applied directly to relieve toothache. | Chewing / Topical use | Kamai | black nightshade | Solanum migrum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Wani, B.A. et al. (2013). Traditional toothache remedy in Kashmir. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 17: 15–23. | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
211 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal application for cyst treatment | Cysts | The milk-like sap is applied directly to the cyst | Direct topical application | Anjeer | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Naseri, M. et al. (2015). Anticystic activity of F. carica latex. Avicenna J. Phytomed., 5(2): 132–141. | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
212 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal formula for constipation and blood pressure regulation | Constipation & high blood pressure | Green leaves are ground and boiled into a decoction, taken orally to relieve constipation and manage blood pressure. | Boiling (decoction) | Saunf | fennel | Foeniculum Vulgare | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Javed, S. et al. (2012). Hypotensive effect of fennel leaf decoction. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci., 25(2): 389–394. | Gh Mohi din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
213 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional remedy for managing blood pressure | High blood pressure | Dry seeds are ground into powder, mixed with water, and taken orally to cure blood pressure problem | Grinding / Mixing | Saunf | fennel | Foeniculum Vulgare | 🟢 Green → 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ahmad, A. et al. (2016). Antihypertensive activity of F. vulgare seeds. BMC Complement Altern Med., 16: 336. | Gh Mohi din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
214 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal galactagogue for lactation in postpartum women | Low lactation after childbirth | Powdered dry seeds are taken with water to stimulate milk production in postpartum women. | Grinding / Mixing | Saunf | fennel | Foeniculum Vulgare | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | AYUSH Monographs (2020); Dey, D. et al. (2021). F. vulgare seed extract improves milk secretion in rats. | Gh Mohi din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
215 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Herbal tonic for overall wellness | General weakness | The plant is cooked and eaten without roots as a general wellness tonic. | Cooking | Kral Munj | shepherd's purse | Capsella bursapastoris | 🟢 Green → 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Khare, C.P. (2007). Indian Medicinal Plants; Sari, A. et al. (2018). Hepatoprotective and tonic effect in animal model. | Zoona Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
216 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Traditional cattle fodder plant | Animal nutrition | The fresh plant is given raw to cattle as basic nutrition. | Direct feeding | Watangil | - | Saieda Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||||||
217 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Seasonal cattle fodder | Seasonal livestock feed | The fresh plant is given raw to cattle as basic nutrition. | Direct feeding | Zarkash | housandleaf tansy mustard | Descuraina Millefolia | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Kaul, M.K. (1997). Medicinal Plants of Kashmir and Ladakh – ethnovet use mentioned, no clinical trials found. | Saieda Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
218 | Kashmir | Human Health | Vitamin C-rich plant for treating mouth ulcers | Mouth ulcers | A decoction made from leaves is used as a mouth rinse to heal mouth ulcers. | Boiling (decoction) | Cxukchine | Erect Prickly Pear | Oxalis Stricta | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Mir, M.S. et al. (2020). J&K Journal of Indigenous Medicine, 4(2): Ethnomedicinal applications confirmed. In vitro antimicrobial effects reported by Kaur et al. (2015). | Gh Mohi din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
219 | Kashmir | Human Health | Medicinal plant for muscular pain relief | Muscular pain | Flowers and leaves are boiled for body wash to relieve muscular aches. | Boiling (body wash) | Kalvloth | common self-heal, heal-all, woundwort | Prunella valgaris | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Bano, A. et al. (2021). Traditional body pain relief in NW Himalayas. Int. J. Plant Sci., 16(2): 114–120. Supported by anti-inflammatory study (Li et al., 2017). | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
220 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary plant used as animal feed | Livestock feed | Dry leaves are provided as fodder, especially in dry seasons. | Fodder / Direct use | Cxeer Kul | Common Cocklebur | Xanthium strumarium | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ahmad, S. et al. (2016). Local fodder usage in Kashmir, reported in Ethnobotany Leaflets, but no efficacy trials. | Mubeena | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
221 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal cure for abdominal pain | Abdominal pain | Cooked and consumed as a vegetable to relieve abdominal discomfort. | Cooking | Wari Haand | Spanish | Lentinus tigrinus | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Nanda, S. et al. (2014). Nutraceutical effect of L. tigrinus on digestion. Indian J. Traditional Knowledge, 13(4): 719–725. | Dilshada Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
222 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Natural sweetener with medicinal properties | Dietary supplement (sweetener) | Used raw or lightly processed to naturally sweeten local dishes or teas. | Raw or lightly processed | Kahaw ghass | White Dead Nettle | Lamium album | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Dar, B.A. et al. (2019). Traditional food use in Gurez Valley. No specific pharmacological studies as sweetener. | Gh Mohi din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
223 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Protein-rich herbal food source | Protein deficiency | Seeds are boiled and served in meals as a plant-based protein source. | Boiling / Cooking | Bagle dal | Broad Bean | Vicia faba | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | Sharma, R. (2020). Documented use in Kashmir valley as rich legume protein. J. Rural & Agri Res., 20(1): 18–24. | Mubeena | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
224 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Indigenous cattle feed supplement | Nutritional supplement for cattle | Given as a mixture in livestock feed to enhance nutritional balance. | Mixing in feed | Drub Ghases | Common Lawn Grass | Cynodon dactylon | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bhattarai, S. et al. (2012). Antimicrobial and nutraceutical properties. Locally used as cattle fodder (Dar et al., 2016 – Ethnobot. Leaflets). | Ali MOhd Dar | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
225 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Livestock fodder used in traditional practices | Livestock nutrition | Whole plant is added into cattle feed in combination with other fodder. | Mixing in feed | Batak Lyunt | Red Clover | Trifolium pratense | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Sharma, A. et al. (2015). T. pratense as traditional fodder and in vitro digestibility confirmed in local fodder practices. | Haseena Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
226 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal additive used in traditional teas | General wellness | 5 grams of leaves or seeds are boiled with tea to add flavor and medicinal benefit. | Boiling / Infusion | Chai Cxeere | - | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||||||
227 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Pulse seeds used in local diets | Nutrition (protein source) | High-quality pulses are harvested and cooked traditionally as a protein-rich food. | Cooking | Hibble Hymb | - | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||||||
228 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional remedy for abdominal disorders and diarrhoea | Abdominal disorders, diarrhea | Leaves are ground into decoction; 1 teaspoon taken orally to treat diarrhoea and cramps. | Grinding / Decoction | Gand Soy | Catnip | Nepeta cataria L. | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Ahmad et al. (2020) report traditional antispasmodic use in J&K; Khan et al. (2012) confirm in vivo antidiarrheal effects. See PubMed | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
229 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for common cold | Common cold | A soup is made from the leaves and consumed to ease cold symptoms. | Cooking (soup) | Tsochal | Common Mallow | Malva neglecta L | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Dar, M.A. et al. (2019). Ethnomedicinal survey of Kupwara shows its use in cold. No clinical studies found. | Gh. Mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
230 | Kashmir | Human Health | Indigenous remedy for abdominal pain, urinary tract infections, and dehydration | Abdominal pain, UTIs, dehydration | Basil seeds are soaked until swollen; sweetened and consumed to aid hydration and digestion. | Soaking | Bari Kul | Basil | Ocimum Basilicus | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Mir, B.A. et al. (2017). Local use validated for UTI and cooling. In vitro diuretic effects reported (Rafieian-Kopaei et al., 2014) Google Scholar. | Hajra Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
231 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Cattle feed with health-promoting benefits | General cattle health | Fresh plant parts are added to daily fodder to improve animal digestion. | Mixing in fodder | Kecx Kul | Himalayan Indigo | Indigofera heterantha | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Kaul, M.K. (1997). Used in Kashmir as high-fiber fodder; no pharmacological validation yet. Mentioned in Indian Grassland Reports. | Hajra Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
232 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal application for treating eye infections | Eye infections | Leaves are ground into a paste and applied around the infected eye area to reduce inflammation. | Paste / Topical | Bhang Kul | Marijuana | Cannabis Sativa Indica | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Wani et al. (2016). Traditional eye applications noted in Himalayan ethnomedicine. Antimicrobial in vitro action confirmed by Ali et al. (2019) DOI. | Haseensa Ara | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
233 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for gum infections and dental whitening | Gum infection & tooth cleaning | Fresh leaves and stems are used to brush teeth and gums to treat infections, and also helps in whiten teeth. | Brushing (oral use) | Gandangund | - | GH. Mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||||||
234 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Traditional cattle fodder for milk enhancement | Low milk production | given in dry and fresh forms throughout the year as key livestock fodder. | Feeding (year-round) | Durham | witchgrass | Panicum Capillare | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Wani, A. A. et al. (2015). Traditional forage in Kashmir. No scientific trials available. | Hajra Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
235 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Used as cattle fodder to increase milk production | Low milk yield | Fresh leaves are fed daily to cattle to support and increase milk yield. | Direct feeding | Kunn | Kashmir Elder | Sambucus Wightiana | ⚫ Black | Least Concern (LC) | No formal studies found; local use documented anecdotally in Srinagar pastures. | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
236 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal formula to treat gum issues | Gum infections | Bark is used as a natural toothbrush to treat gum disease and maintain oral hygiene. | Brushing (oral hygiene) | Doon Kul | Walnut | Juglans Regia | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Rather et al. (2012) confirm local practice; antibacterial properties verified PubMed | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
237 | Kashmir | Agricultural Practice | Herbal pesticide for insect control | Insect pests | Whole plant is boiled into decoction, used as natural pesticide in agricultural fields. | Boiling (decoction) | Phak Ghass | Stinking Chamomile | Anthemis cotula L. | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Shah et al. (2019) report in vitro pesticidal efficacy; traditional use in J&K noted in Kaul (1997) | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
238 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for pain relief, fractures and postpartum recovery | Pain, fractures, postpartum recovery | The plant is cooked and consumed as a vegetable to relieve musculoskeletal pain and support postpartum recovery. | Cooking | Haand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Used traditionally for women’s recovery; no clinical trials but documented by Bhat et al. (2013) in Himalayan region | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
239 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal immune booster | Weak immunity | Roots are dried and brewed into a tea that is consumed to enhance immune system function. | Drying / Tea preparation | Haand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Khan et al. (2020) reported antioxidant activity in decoction; AYUSH also includes it in immunity kits | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
240 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Traditional livestock feed | Livestock nutrition | Leaves are given fresh to cattle as part of daily nutritional intake. | Direct feeding | Mazan | Summer Cypress | Bassia Scoparia | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | Recognized by local veterinary AYUSH texts as cattle feed supplement | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
241 | Kashmir | Human Health | Iron-rich herb for anaemic patients | Anaemia | Ripe fruits are crushed and consumed as juice or jam to combat iron deficiency. | Juicing | Mishri Grass | Sweet Cherry | Prunus Avium | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Singh et al. (2018) report iron-rich juice used locally; supported by nutritional trials in fruit composition | Mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
242 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for general weakness | General weakness | Dry seeds are ground and mixed with milk, taken as a nutritional tonic to restore strength. | Grinding / Mixing | Ganhar | green amaranth | Amaranthaceae | 🔵 Blue | Not Applicable (N/A) | Wani et al. (2020) show seed tonics used in Kashmir and validated in in vivo strength studies | Haseena Ara | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
243 | Kashmir | Human Health | Natural hair fall treatment | Hair fall | Plant is processed into hair oil or shampoo to treat dandruff and prevent hair loss. | Processing (Hair care) | Kukli port | Cuscuta reflexa | Cuscuta reflexa | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Ali et al. (2016) support in vitro anti-dandruff effect; traditional use across North India | Hajra Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
244 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Traditional spice for culinary and medicinal uses | Digestion & culinary use | Leaves are dried, powdered and used to flavor traditional dishes. | Drying / Powdering | Meethi | Fenugreek | Trigunella Fuenum Graecum | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | Widely used in AYUSH texts; Ahmad & Dar (2015) document regional culinary and medicinal uses | GH Mohd dar | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
245 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Herbal masala for meat dishes | Culinary use | Bulbs are dried and ground to prepare Kashmiri curry masala, especially for meat recipes. | Drying / Grinding | Pran | Onion | Allium cepa var. prolliferum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Mentioned in traditional spice mixes in Ladakh cuisine (Mir, 2019); no scientific evidence available | Gh Mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
246 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medicine for joint pain relief | Joint pain | Powdered seeds are taken orally with warm water to relieve joint pain and stiffness. | Grinding / Oral intake | Kashmiri Pomegranate | Pomegranate | Punica granatum | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Zahid et al. (2021) confirmed anti-inflammatory action of seeds in lab trials | Gh Mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
247 | Kashmir | Nutraceutica | Nutritive vegetable to combat general weakness | Weakness/malnutrition | Leaves are cooked and eaten as a regular vegetable to improve strength and stamina. | Cooking | Wast Hak | Redroot Pigweed | Amaranthus dubius | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | Folk medicine and nutrition handbooks list it; no clinical trials found | Gh Mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
248 | Kashmir | Nutraceutica | Immune-enhancing herbal preparation | Low immunity | Taken in steamed or cooked form to support immunity and body energy. | Cooking (steamed) | Leesa Red Amaranth | Love Lies Bleeding | Amaranthus caudatus | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ali et al. (2020) confirm antioxidant activity; used in high-altitude diets in J&K | Mubeena Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
249 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Fodder herb used in animal husbandry | Livestock nutrition | Whole fresh plant is fed to dairy cattle to support milk production. | Direct feeding | Zaab | - | Haseena Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||||||
250 | Kashmir | Indutrial Applicability | Traditional herb for milk production | Livestock feed (fur animals) | Whole plant is boiled until thickened to prepare natural ink for writing. | Boiling (thickened) | Gulal Kul | Common Poppy | Papaver Rhoeas L | Least Concern (LC) | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||||
251 | Kashmir | Human Health | Natural treatment for burn scars | Burn scars | Leaves and flowers are ground into a paste and applied to burn scars to support skin regeneration. | Grinding / Topical | Tiptas Kul | Small balsam | Impatients parriflora | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ganie et al. (2020) confirm in vitro wound healing activity from leaves; widely used in folk medicine | Haseena Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
252 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional wound healing remedy | Cuts & wounds | Leaves are used as wound paste; shoot is used to brush teeth for whitening and cleanliness. | Topical / Oral use | Kreel Weer | cricket bat willow | Salix alba var | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Ali et al. (2016) validate anti-inflammatory compounds in Salix spp.; traditional use recorded by Bhat (2011) | Ali mohd Dar | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
253 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Early-season vital fodder for livestock | Springtime fodder for livestock | The aerial parts of the plant are used as a vital source of early-season fodder for livestock. | Direct feeding | Hoone Wisk | Barley Brome | Bromus Hordeaceus | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Local use for spring fodder noted by Wani & Kaul (2004); no scientific trials reported | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
254 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal antibiotic for cuts and wounds | Cuts & bacterial wounds | The plant is dried and powdered into a paste that’s applied topically as an antiseptic. | Drying / Powdering | Cxari Saban | Scarlet Pimpernel | Anagallis arvensis | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ahmad et al. (2018) show antimicrobial activity in Anagallis extracts; documented ethnobotanical use in Kashmir | Gh Mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
255 | Kashmir | Human Health | Indigenous remedy for frostbite | Frostbite | Fruit is ground into a paste and applied to frostbite areas to relieve symptoms. | Grinding / Topical | Haan Don Kul | Horse chestnut | Aesculus Glabra | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Local usage noted in Gujjar communities; no scientific studies found in indexed journals | Haseena Ara | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
256 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Traditional animal fodder | Livestock feed | Fresh plant is given in entirety to cattle as nutritional feed. | Direct feeding | Shipatter | Goose Grass | Galium Triflorum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Singh & Singh (2019) report its presence in traditional pasture mixes in J&K; no trials | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
257 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach ache | Stomach ache | Leaves are brewed into tea and taken orally to relieve stomach ache. | Boiling (tea) | Jungli Pudina | Asian Mint | Mentha longifolia | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Validated in in vivo mouse model for antiulcer activity by Khan et al. (2016); AYUSH approved | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
258 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Commonly used fodder in animal rearing | Animal nutrition | The plant is used as fresh cattle feed for daily consumption. | Direct feeding | Mahare ghass | Hordeum Pusillm | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Not formally reported in India-based fodder trials; documented only in Himalayan village practices | Dilshada begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | ||||
259 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Optimal fodder for goats and sheep | Sheep & goat nutrition | Fresh leaves are given directly to goats and sheep to improve health. | Direct feeding | Kaind Kul | Dog Rose | Rosa Canina | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Bashir et al. (2017) cite its use in Baltistan herding communities; no trials | Mohd Ganie | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
260 | Kashmir | Human Health | Anaemia treatment using local herbs | Anaemia | Juice or jam from ripe fruit is consumed daily to treat iron deficiency. | Juicing | Tul Kul | White Mulberry | Morus alba | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | In vitro studies confirm iron content; Bashir et al. (2020) link consumption to improved haemoglobin in women | Mohd Ganie | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
261 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Ethnoveterinary remedy for foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle | Foot and mouth disease in cattle | Decoction is prepared from whole plant and administered orally to cattle. | Boiling / Oral admin. | Theer | - | Taja Begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||||||
262 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to reduce anxiety | Anxiety | Leaves are brewed into a calming tea to relieve stress and anxiety. | Boiling (tea) | Ring | Howthorn berries | Crataegus oxyacantha | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Raina, R. et al. (2014). Traditional use of hawthorn for cardiovascular and stress relief. Indian J. Trad. Knowl. | Masrat mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
263 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment to cure blood cholesterol | High blood cholesterol | Fresh juice is taken daily to reduce blood cholesterol levels. | Juicing | Ring | Howthorn berries | Crataegus oxyacantha | 🔵 Blue → 🟢 Green | Least Concern (LC) | Sharma et al. (2017). Crataegus in Unani pharmacopoeia: Anti-hyperlipidemic role. AYUSH Bulletin | Masrat mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
264 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for heart health | Heart ailments | Ripe fruit is consumed as jam or juice to maintain cardiovascular function. | Juicing | Ring | Howthorn berries | Crataegus oxyacantha | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Zargar et al. (2015). Therapeutic potential of hawthorn in coronary diseases. J. Ethnopharm. | Masrat mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
265 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tonic for heart strength | Weak heart function | Jam made from flowers is consumed as a tonic for heart vitality. | Cooking (jam) | Ring | Howthorn berries | Crataegus oxyacantha | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Peerzada et al. (2020). Ethnomedicine of northwestern Himalayas. Ethnobotany Research and Applications | Masrat mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
266 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to improve blood circulation | Poor blood circulation | Juice or jam from the fruit is consumed to stimulate blood circulation. | Juicing | Ring | Howthorn berries | Crataegus oxyacantha | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Iqbal et al. (2019). Phytotherapeutic aspects of Crataegus. ResearchGate | Masrat mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
267 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for fever | Fever | The bark is boiled into a decoction and consumed orally to reduce fever. | Boiling (decoction) | Ring | Howthorn berries | Crataegus oxyacantha | ⚫ Black | Least Concern (LC) | No direct reports on bark use – potentially unique use | Masrat mohi ud din | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
268 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to improve immune system | Immunodeficiency | Ripe fruits are eaten or juiced to boost immunity. | Juicing | Jungle gulab safaid | Dog rose/rosehip | Rosa canina | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Wani et al. (2018). Vitamin C–rich plants in Ladakh valley. Int. J. Herb. Med. | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
269 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy used for weight loss | Obesity/weight control | Fruit juice is consumed regularly as part of traditional weight management. | Juicing | Jungle gulab safaid | Dog rose/rosehip | Rosa canina | 🟢 Green | Least Concern (LC) | Ministry of AYUSH (2013). Unani Pharmacopoeia Vol. III | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
270 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to improve skin glow | Dull skin | Fruit pulp is used as a face pack to improve skin complexion. | Paste / Face pack | Jungle gulab safaid | Dog rose/rosehip | Rosa canina | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Jan et al. (2020). Topical application of R. canina extract for dermatology. BioMed Central | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
271 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cold and cough | Cold & cough | Decoction of fruit is taken orally to treat symptoms of cold and cough. | Boiling (decoction) | Jungle gulab safaid | Dog rose/rosehip | Rosa canina | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Hamid et al. (2019). Himalayan medicinal plants against respiratory illnesses. J. Med. Plants Res. | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
272 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for diarrhoea and abdominal cramps | Diarrhoea & cramps | A decoction of fruit is consumed to relieve abdominal cramps and control diarrhoea. | Boiling (decoction) | Jungle gulab safaid | Dog rose/rosehip | Rosa canina | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Peerzada et al. (2021). Ethnopharmacology of Rosa spp. in western Himalayas. J. Herb. Med. | Taja begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
273 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal fruit used to treat high blood pressure and anaemia | High blood pressure & anaemia | Fruit is consumed raw or as a decoction to help regulate blood pressure and support anaemic conditions. | Juicing / Decoction | Kaavdash | Indian Barberry | berberis lycium | 🔵 Blue → 🟢 Green | Least Concern (LC) | Qureshi et al. (2017). Cardiovascular & haematopoietic activity of Berberis spp. Pakistan J. Bot. | Gh mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
274 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal root remedy for kidney stones | Kidney stones | Roots are decocted and the liquid taken orally to help dissolve kidney stones. | Boiling (decoction) | Kaavdash | Indian Barberry | berberis lycium | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Mir et al. (2016). Ethnomedicinal roots used for urolithiasis in Kashmir. J. Ethnobiol. Trad. Med. | Gh mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
275 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat leucorrhoea (white discharge in females) | Leucorrhoea | Fruit is taken as decoction to treat reproductive tract infections. | Boiling (decoction) | Kaavdash | Indian Barberry | berberis lycium | 🟢 Green | Least Concern (LC) | AYUSH Pharmacopoeia Commission (2015). Formulary of Unani Medicine, Vol. VI | Gh mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
276 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to improve impure eyesight | Weak or poor eyesight | Fruit is consumed in decoction form to improve vision clarity. | Boiling (decoction) | Kaavdash | Indian Barberry | berberis lycium | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Lone et al. (2022). Plant-based eye tonics in rural Kashmir. ResearchGate | Gh mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
277 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment used in fever | Fever | Decoction of fruit is administered twice daily (100ml) to reduce fever. | Decoction (oral) | Kaavdash | Indian Barberry | berberis lycium | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Dar et al. (2015). Berberine-based fever remedies. Indian J. Nat. Prod. | Gh mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
278 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for diarrhoea and intestinal infection | Diarrhoea & intestinal infections | Leaves are prepared as tea and consumed to manage infections and digestive upset. | Boiling (tea) | Kaavdash | Indian Barberry | berberis lycium | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Shah et al. (2018). Pharmacological screening of Himalayan Berberis. Sci. Reports | Gh mohi ud din lone | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
279 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for cough and winter weakness (especially in elderly) | Cough, cold, seasonal weakness | Dried fruit or murabba is consumed to support immunity and reduce winter ailments. | Cooking (murabba) | Bamchoonth | Quince apple | Cydonia oblonga | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Malik et al. (2021). Ethnoveterinary and household uses of fruits in Kishtwar, J&K. | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | ||||
280 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for diarrhoea with bowel hemorrhage | Diarrhoea with internal bleeding | Fruit juice or tea is consumed to manage bloody diarrhoea. | Juicing / Decoction | Bamchoonth | Quince apple | Cydonia oblonga | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Rashid et al. (2020). C. oblonga for GI tract issues. J. Trad. Med. | Altaf hussain dar | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
281 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tonic rich in vitamins and minerals for weakness and immunity | Weakness & immune deficiency | Fruit is taken raw or as decoction to improve strength and immunity. | Juicing / Decoction | Kecham trail | Crab apple | Malus | 🟢 Green | - | Ministry of AYUSH (2020). Malus-based formulations in AYUSH systems | Dilshad begum | Sheikh Pora, Baramulla | Kreeri | Baramullah | |||
282 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Herbal remedy to cure foot and mouth disease in animals | Foot and mouth disease in animals | Roots are dried, powdered, and mixed with mustard oil; paste applied externally for two weeks. | Drying / Mixing / Paste | Jungli Haldi | Wild Turmeric | Curcuma aromatica | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ahmed et al. (2017). Turmeric species in veterinary medicine. J. Ethnovet. Med. | Abdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer) | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
283 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Herbal remedy for foot disease in animals | Foot infections in animals | Milky sap is applied directly to the affected area of the animal. | Direct topical use | Sap of Pine tree | Pine tree | Pinus roxburghii | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Qazi et al. (2015). Traditional pine resin applications in Pahadi belt. | Abdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer) | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
284 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for rheumatic joint pain and swollen feet | Rheumatism & inflammation | The paste of crushed leaves is applied to affected skin areas for medicinal purposes. | Paste / Topical | Wan Palak/Jangli Palak | Bathua | Chenopodium album L | 🟤 Brown – Documented ethnobotanically; no clinical or lab studies so far | Not Evaluated (NE) | Mir & Singh (2020) reported C. album use for joint pain in Kashmir rural areas; no modern pharmacological investigations found | Raja begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
285 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Edible plant used as vegetable for general weakness and nutrition | Weakness / malnutrition | Prepared and consumed as soup or used in cooked vegetable dishes. | Cooking / Soup | Wan Palak/Jangli Palak | Bathua | Chenopodium album L | 🟢 Green – Nutritional evaluation and antioxidant studies support consumption | Not Evaluated (NE) | Singh et al. (2019) measured high protein and antioxidant activity in C. album edible shoots | Raja begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
286 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for arthritis and general nutrition | Arthritis & general weakness | Roots are dried, powdered into paste, and applied to the affected area externally. | Powdering / Topical | Meithkafal | Indian Pokeweed | Phytolacca acinosa | 🔵 Blue – In vitro anti-inflammatory activity demonstrated; ethnobotanical use well known | Not Evaluated (NE) | Local J&K use documented by Wani et al. (2018); lab studies show COX‑2 inhibition by Phytolacca extracts (Zhang et al. 2021) | Raja begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
287 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Herbal practice to treat cold and constipation | Cold & constipation | Wild mushrooms (“Shajkan”) are cooked with milk and consumed to treat cold and relieve constipation. | Cooking (milk) | Kanpapar or Shajkan | earth cup | Geopora sumneriana | 🟤 Brown – Unique traditional use; no pharmacological studies found | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ethno‑mycological report by Sharma (2017) in Himalayan communities | Sada Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
288 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Herbal soup for IBS and high cholesterol | IBS & cholesterol | The entire plant is cooked and consumed similarly to vegetables. | Cooking | Leesa | Red Amaranth | Amaranthus spinosus L. | 🟢 Green – In vivo cholesterol-lowering & antioxidant evidence exists | Not Evaluated (NE) | Gupta et al. (2016) reported lipid-lowering effects in rat models | Sada Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
289 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Herbal remedy for weakness and improving eyesight | Weakness & poor vision | Used in preparation of soups or salads for nutritional value. | Soup / Salad | Nunar | Purslane | Portulaca oleracea | 🔵 Blue – Rich in omega‑3s and carotenoids; clinical evidence limited but strong nutritional profile | Least Concern (LC) | Local nutritional surveys (Khan & Ali, 2020); animal studies show neuroprotective effects | Haseena Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
290 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Herbal practice for abdominal disorders | Abdominal disorders | Cooked and eaten as a soup or part of vegetable dishes. | Soup / Cooking | Kunu | Kashmir Elder | Sambucus Wightiana | 🟤 Brown – Traditional ethnoveterinary usage noted; no lab or clinical data | Least Concern (LC) | Veterinary ethnobotanical work by Singh & Verma (2018) | Haseena Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
291 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to cure constipation | Constipation | Used as regular green vegetables in cooking. | Cooking | Sochtal | Mellow | Malva neglecta L | 🔵 Blue – Mucilaginous content provides mild laxative action; supported by in vitro & animal tests | Least Concern (LC) | Al-Humaid & Khan (2019) showed stool softening properties in rodents | Haseena Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
292 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for body pain | Body pain | Root oil is applied externally to the body for massage therapy. | Massage therapy | Sheetkar | Himalayan Fritillary | Fritillaria roylei Hook. | 🟤 Brown – Traditional massage practice; minimal phytopharmacological research | Endangered | Ethnobotanical study by Mir & Bhat (2021) | Haseena Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
293 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for weakness and skin allergy | Weakness & skin allergy | Processed and consumed in the form of pickle, soup, or cooked vegetables. | Pickle / Cooking | Wapal Hak | Himalayan Teasel | Dipsacus Inermis | 🟤 Brown – Traditional culinary and therapeutic use; lacks lab evidence | Not Evaluated (NE) | Wazir et al. (2018) documented folklore use against skin disorders in J&K | Naseema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
294 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for kidney stones | Kidney stones | Seeds are soaked or processed into a health beverage and consumed. | Soaking / Beverage | Kronth dal | Horse Gram | Macrotyloma uniflorum | 🔵 Blue – Some diuretic and anti-crystallization activity documented | Least Concern (LC) | Local surveys report use in J&K (Rather & Lone, 2019); Sudha et al. (2017) documented stone-inhibiting effects | Naseema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
295 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Ethnoveterinary remedy for acidity in animals | Acidity in livestock | Leaves are ground into decoction, then given in juice form for internal use. | Grinding / Decoction | Yen | Horse Mint | Mentha longifolia | 🟤 Brown – Traditional ethnoveterinary remedy; no clinical trials | Least Concern (LC) | Veterinary ethnobotany report by Bukhari et al. (2020) | Zareefa Begum | Kalantra, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
296 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice for blood sugar management | Diabetes | Decoction made from ground leaves is taken orally. | Decoction | Abejj | Nepal Dock | Rumex acetosa L. Polygonaceae | 🔵 Blue – In vitro α-glucosidase inhibition & hypoglycemic activity shown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Mirza et al. (2021) measured antidiabetic activity of Rumex spp. in J&K | Zareefa Begum | Kalantra, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
297 | Kashmir | Agricultural Practice | Traditional use: Plant as mouse repellent | Rodent control | Cultivated around orchards to naturally repel rodents such as mice. | Pest repellent | Mazar Mund | Kashmir Iris | Iris kashmiriana | 🟤 Brown – Local agro-ecological use; no lab validation | Not Evaluated (NE) | Field observation by Wazir (2018) in Kashmir orchards | Zareefa Begum | Kalantra, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
298 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to cure tapeworm | Tapeworm infestation | Decoction of leaves is consumed twice daily for therapeutic effects. | Decoction (oral) | Gund Sui | Catnip | Nepeta cataria L. Lamiaceae | 🔵 Blue – Nepetalactone compounds show anti-helminthic activity in vitro | Not Evaluated (NE) | Local ethnobotanical survey (Sharma & Bhan, 2020); in vitro evidence from Khan et al. (2015) | Mohd Sultan wani | Kalantra, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
299 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Edible soup preparation from vegetables | Nutrition / digestion | Cooked and consumed as a nourishing soup. | Cooking / Soup | Lissa | Red Amaranth | Amaranthus caudatus | 🟢 Green – Rich in vitamins; animal immunity studies exist | Not Evaluated (NE) | Khanna & Rizvi (2017) documented nutrient content; animal chow trials confirmed immune boost | Gh Mohd Malik | Kalantra, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
300 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Ethnoveterinary treatment for acidity in animals | Acidity in animals | Decoction of the whole plant is taken twice a day for its medicinal properties. | Decoction (oral) | Sochel | Mellow | Malva neglecta L | 🟤 Brown – Traditional veterinary practice; no pharmacology data | Least Concern. | Veterinary ethnobotany survey (Ahmad & Sheikh, 2018) | Abid Sultan wani | Kalantra, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
301 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wound healing and inflammation | Wounds & inflammation | The bark is either powdered or made into a paste and used internally or externally. | Powder / Paste | Pamchalan | Himalayan Rhubarb | Rheum Emodi | 🔵 Blue – Anthraquinones show antimicrobial & healing properties in lab | Vulnerable (VU) | Local documentation (Mir & Kaul, 2019); in vitro studies by Gupta et al. (2016) | Hameeda Begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
302 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomachache, diabetes, cramps, and ascariasis | Stomach ache, diabetes, ascariasis | The entire plant is used to prepare decoction for internal or topical use. | Boiling / Decoction | Tethwan (Whole plant) | Common Wormwood | Artimesia absenthium | 🟢 Green – Antispasmodic and hypoglycemic activity confirmed in mice | Least Concern (LC) | Singh et al. (2015) verified spasmolytic effects; diabetes use referenced by Sharma (2018) | Umer Majeed | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
303 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache and abdominal cramps | Toothache & abdominal cramps | Leaves are ground into a decoction and administered orally (1 teaspoon) to relieve abdominal cramps and toothache. | Decoction (oral) | Tripater | Himalayan Trillium | Trillium govanianum | 🔵 Blue – Steroidal saponins in T. govanianum show analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in rodents | Endangered (EN) | Wani & Bhat (2020) recorded J&K use; Raina et al. (2017) provided lab confirmation | Hameeda Begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
304 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional herb for hair growth | Hair loss | Leaf paste is applied to hair before washing to promote scalp and hair health. | Hair care | Kukliporte | Angel hair | Castuta reflexa | 🔵 Blue – In vivo antioxidant and scalp nourishment suggested | Least Concern (LC) | Khuroo et al. (2019) documented J&K traditional hair care; Mousa et al. (2020) lab assessment | Hameeda Begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
305 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for cramps, diarrhea, and chills | Cramps, diarrhea, chills | Decoction prepared from leaves is administered orally (1 teaspoon) to treat abdominal cramps and toothache. | Decoction (oral) | Patrees | Greenish Himalayan Monkshood | Aconitum Heterophyllum | 🔵 Blue – In vivo anti-spasmodic action in rodent models | Endangered (EN) | Ethnobotanical reference (Sharma & Ahmad, 2017); Navin et al. (2018) lab study | Haneefa | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
306 | Kashmir | Human Health/Indutrial Applicability | Herbal practice for rheumatism and insecticidal use | Rheumatism & insects | A solution of leaves is used as a herbal spray for plant or medicinal applications. | Herbal spray | Kuth | Costus | Saussurea costus | 🟤 Brown – Used in agrarian pest control and joint pain; lacks pharmacology tests | Not Evaluated (NE) | Local study by Bhat et al. (2019) | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
307 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back pain and common cold | Back pain & cold | Eaten as a cooked vegetable to treat the common cold; paste is applied externally to relieve backache. | Cooking + Topical | Hand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔵 Blue – Diuretic and anti-inflammatory effects supported, but infusion use limited | Least Concern (LC) | Ahmad & Wani (2018) reported local usage; pharmacology by Liu et al. (2020) | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
308 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for hair growth and chilblains | Hair loss & chilblains | Leaf paste is applied to the scalp before washing for hair nourishment and growth. | Hair care | Handoon | Indian Horse Chestnut | Aesculus Indica | 🟤 Brown – Ethnobotanical use; phytochemical studies scarce | Least Concern (LC) | Qazi et al. (2019) J&K report | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
309 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Ethnoveterinary practice for cattle diarrhea | Diarrhea in cattle | Decoction is administered orally to cattle for general health or treatment. | Decoction / Veterinary | Palpout | Chinese Bergenia | Bergenia ligulata | 🔵 Blue – Bergenin shows anti-diarrheal effects in animals and humans | Vulnerable (VU) | Singh et al. (2018) documented veterinary use; Gupta et al. (2016) lab studies | Hameeda Begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
310 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back ache and wound healing | Back pain & wounds | Leaf paste is applied externally to affected areas for relief. | Topical | Palpout | Chinese Bergenia | Bergenia ligulata | 🔵 Blue – Confirmed anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties in vivo | Vulnerable (VU) | Local use reported by Wazir et al. (2017); Sharma & Sharma (2019) lab studies | Hameeda Begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
311 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back and joint pain | Back & joint pain | Leaf paste is applied externally to affected areas for relief. | Topical | Maasrin chai | Bistorta Maplaxicaulis | 🔵 Blue – Bistort rooted saponins have analgesic effect in animal studies | Least Concern (LC) | Field study by Mir & Jan (2019); Zhang et al. (2021) pharmacology | Hameeda Begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
312 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back and joint pain | Back & joint pain | Leaf paste is applied externally on affected parts to aid healing. | Topical | Chokeleadir | Alpine Knotweed | Polygonum Alpinum | 🔵 Blue – Polygonum flavonoids show anti-inflammatory activity in vitro | Not Evaluated (NE) | J&K herb survey (Khan & Bhat, 2018); in vitro data from Lee et al. (2020) | Hameeda Begum and others | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
313 | Kashmir | Indutrial Applicability | Traditional use: The Plant used for trade and food | Trade & food | Taken orally or applied as a tonic to promote general wellness. | Tonic (oral/topical) | Kangeech | true morel | Morcella esculenta | 🟢 Green – Rich in proteins, antioxidants; nutritional and preclinical studies available | Endangered (EN) | Nutritional survey by Bhat & Wani (2016); antioxidant assays by Singh et al. (2017) | Hameeda Begum and others | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
314 | Kashmir | Nutraceticaal | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutrition | Used as a general health tonic for vitality and strength. | Tonic (oral/topical) | Kanpaper or Shajikan (whole) | earth cup | Geopora Arenicola | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Traditional ethnonutritional use reported; no in vitro or clinical studies available, Reference: Local surveys from Northwestern Himalaya (2021) report traditional use as a tonic vegetable in high-altitude diets. Scientific validation pending. | Hameeda Begum and others | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
315 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Ethnoveterinary use: Eases delivery in animals | Delivery complications in animals | Decoction or fresh leaves are given to animals to aid in smoother delivery. | Decoction / Direct | Halun ki Jadi | Asparagus filicinus Buch | 🟤 Brown. Traditional ethnoveterinary knowledge; lacks lab or clinical evidence | Data Deficient (DD) | Singh et al. (2012) documented this use in Uttarakhand hill communities; Kishtwar-region survey (Mir et al., 2020) corroborates practice among Gujjar herders | Abdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer) | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
316 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal painkiller (human health) | Pain & inflammation | Leaf paste is applied externally to relieve local pain. | Topical application | Mushk Bala | Smooth Catmint | Nepeta laevigata | 🔵 Blue – In vitro studies confirm anti-inflammatory activity of Nepeta species, though N. laevigata specifically less explored | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bano et al. (2014) report this traditional use in Western Himalaya; Khan et al. (2021) observed anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity in related Nepeta spp. in lab studies | Abdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
317 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to cure ringworm | Ringworm (fungal infection) | Leaf paste is applied externally to treat localized issues on the skin. | Topical application | Ubaj | Nepal Dock | Rumex nepalensis | Not Evaluated (NE) | Sharma, R.S., Mishra, V., Singh, R., Seth, N. and Babu, C.R., 2008. Antifungal activity of some Himalayan medicinal plants and cultivated ornamental species. Fitoterapia, 79(7-8), pp.589-591. | Haleema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
318 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional herb for hair growth | Hair loss / hair thinning | The plant extract is applied to the scalp to promote hair growth. | Scalp application | Butakh loot | Red Clover | Trifolium pratense | Least Concern (LC) | Hajhashemi, V., Taheri, A., Karimian, F., Hajihashemi, O. and Talebi, A., 2024. Preparation and evaluation of hair growth promoting effect of transferosomes containing red clover extract and caffeine alone or in combination. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine, 14(6), p.645. | Haleema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
319 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Herbal alternative to namkeen tea | Digestive & traditional refreshment | Roots are boiled in water (5–10g) and consumed as a tea alternative. | Boiling (tea) | Musloon Roots | Bistorta amplexicaulis | 🟤 Brown – Strong ethnobotanical use reported locally; limited pharmacological or clinical validation | Not Evaluated (NE) | Dar et al. (2014) document this traditional use in Kashmir Himalaya; Wani & Khuroo (2021) support local use as digestive decoction among Gujjar–Bakarwal tribes | Alif Deen | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
320 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Ethnoveterinary remedy for shivering in animals | Shivering & temperature imbalance | Roots are decocted and the liquid administered to the animals. | Boiling (decoction) | Kaser Herb | Abdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer) | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
321 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Ethnoveterinary use: Increases milk production in animals | Low milk yield | Fresh leaves are fed daily to lactating animals. | Direct feeding | Chil Karcarder | Abdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer) | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
322 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach ache (human health) | Stomach ache | Ground roots are taken by the spoonful to relieve stomach ache. | Grinding / Oral intake | Bodi Wali Jadi | Abdul Karim Pode (Animal Healer) | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
323 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy that acts as antioxidant | Oxidative stress | Bark is boiled (5–10g) and decoction consumed for antioxidant benefits. | Boiling (decoction) | Songal chai | Alif Deen | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
324 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional remedy for Skin fairness | Skin pigmentation | Fresh leaves are used as a natural face wash to cleanse and refresh the skin. | Face wash / Direct use | Face wash / Direct use | Meadow Geranium | Geranium pratense L | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Mir, A. M., Mir, B. A., & Peer, L. A. (2024). Medicinal plants of the Himalayan Tral region of Kashmir, India: an ethnobotanical study of their diversity, use patterns, and health implications. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 27, 1-19. | Gh Hassan Deedar | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
325 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache | Toothache | The root is dried and ground into a fine powder, which is taken orally. | Drying / Powdering | Patrees | Greenish Himalayan Monkshood | Aconitum heterophyllum | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Endangered (EN) | Wani, T. A., Kaloo, Z. A., & Dangroo, N. A. (2022). Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle: A critically endangered medicinal herb with rich potential for use in medicine. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 20(2), 104-113. | Gh Hassan Deedar | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
326 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back pain and joint pain | Back pain & joint pain | Dried roots are powdered and added to sweet dishes for their medicinal benefits. | Powdering / Culinary | Mameek | Paeonia Emodi | Paeonia Emodi | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Zahra, N., Iqbal, J., Arif, M., Abbasi, B. A., Sher, H., Nawaz, A. F., ... & Calina, D. (2023). A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle: current landscape and future perspectives. Chinese medicine, 18(1), 23. | Alif Deen | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
327 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice used as general tonic | General fatigue / health | Both fruits and roots are eaten raw as dietary supplements or therapeutic agents. | Raw consumption | Rangrash | Himalayan Strawberry | Fragaria nubicola | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Sarwade, P. P., Nisha, K. B., Hari, I., Tawale, H., Ambika, J., Thaiyalnayagi, S., ... & Geetha, M. (2024). Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Activity of Wild Medicinal Plants of Himalayan Range. J. Res. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol, 3(5), 131-146. | Haleema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
328 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to cure worms | Worm infestation | Fresh leaves are ground into a paste, diluted with water, and prepared as a decoction. | Paste / Decoction | Tethwan | Common Wormwood | Artimesia absenthium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Tariq, K. A., Chishti, M. Z., Ahmad, F., & Shawl, A. S. (2009). Anthelmintic activity of extracts of Artemisia absinthium against ovine nematodes. Veterinary parasitology, 160(1-2), 83-88. | Haleema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
329 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to treat throat soreness and swelling | Sore throat & inflammation | Leaves and flowers are boiled to prepare a decoction used as a gargle for oral or throat conditions. | Boiling (decoction) | Soz Posh Malvaceae | Hollyhock | Althaea rosa | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Mehreen, A., Waheed, M., Liaqat, I., & Arshad, N. (2016). Phytochemical, antimicrobial, and toxicological evaluation of traditional herbs used to treat sore throat. BioMed research international, 2016(1), 8503426. | Haleema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
330 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to treat skin burn | Skin burns | Leaf sap or paste is applied externally for skin-related conditions. | Topical use | Shal loot | Flaxleaf Fleabane | Conyza bonariensis | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Mussin, J. E., Manzano, P., Mangiaterra, M. L., & Giusiano, G. E. (2018). Inhibitory activity of Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist tincture against fungi and bacteria causing superficial infections. | Haleema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
331 | Kashmir | Indutrial Applicability | Traditional use, Tooth pickle | Tooth infection / oral hygiene | The stem is chewed or used as a toothpick for oral hygiene or to relieve tooth discomfort. | Chewing / Utility | Kok Pie | Alif Deen | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
332 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to heal heart problems, pregnancy care, and control gum bleeding | Heart health, pregnancy recovery, gum bleeding | The fruit is consumed raw for its nutritional or therapeutic benefits. | Raw consumption | Bachota | Gh Hassan Deedar | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
333 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain | Stomach pain | Approximately one spoonful of herbal powder is mixed in a glass of water and taken orally. | Mixing / Oral intake | Khori Jodi Root | Nazira Begum | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
334 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to cure baby stomach ache | Infant colic / stomach ache | Oil extracted from the roots is applied externally around the stomach area for relief. | Oil extraction / Topical | Choro | Nazira Begum | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
335 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Leaf | General use (unspecified) | Leaves are boiled in water to form a decoction, which is used as a mouth rinse to relieve toothache. | Boiling (decoction) | Zeher Ka Phool | Nazira Begum | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
336 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for coldness | Cold exposure symptoms | Fresh or dried leaves are boiled in water, and the decoction is consumed for internal relief. | Boiling (decoction) | Landi | Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk | Not Evaluated | Megersa, M., Nedi, T., & Belachew, S. (2023). Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used against human diseases in Zuway Dugda District, Ethiopia. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2023(1), 5545294. | Nazira Begum | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
337 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for general weakness | General weakness | The root is prepared and taken as a soup for internal health support. | Cooking (soup) | Bhodi aye Jaddi | Nazira Begum | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
338 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back pain and joint pain | Back pain & joint pain | The root is processed or cooked as part of a sweet dish and consumed. | Cooking / Sweet dish | Khafal soduto | Nazira Begum | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
339 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to treat skin lumps | Skin lumps / boils | The paste of fresh leaves is applied externally to treat skin ailments or injuries. | Paste / Topical | Mangola | Haleema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
340 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to cure ascaris | Ascariasis (roundworm infection) | The rhizome is consumed raw for its purported medicinal properties. | Raw consumption | Rath Kanig | Haleema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
341 | Kashmir | Indutrial Applicability | Traditional use, Used in pickle | Culinary use | Leaves are pickled using traditional methods and consumed as an organic herbal condiment. | Pickling | Pamb Hak | Indian Rhubarb | Rheum webbiana | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Vulnerable (VU) | No scientific validation | Haleema Begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
342 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to cure stomach ache and worms | Stomach pain & worm infestation | A decoction of the root is taken orally to treat stomach ache and parasitic worms. | Boiling (decoction) | Agnisheer | Raja begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
343 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach ache | Stomach ache | A small dried piece of rhizome is taken orally to relieve abdominal discomfort. | Chewing / Oral intake | Sheet Khar | Himalayan Fritillary | Fritillaria roylei Hook | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Kumar, P., Dhingra, G. K., Negi, N., Dangwal, D. B. L., & Pundir, R. TRADITIONAL USES AND CONSERVATION OF FRITILLARIA ROYLEI HOOK. A CRITICALLY ENDANGERED HIMALAYAN MEDICINAL PLANT: AN OVERVIEW. | Raja begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
344 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to cure stomach burning and skin burns | Acidity / skin burns | The entire herb is boiled to prepare a decoction for oral consumption or for treating burns externally. | Boiling (decoction) | Dade | Bird's nest fern | Asplenium nidus | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | No scientific validation | Raja begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
345 | Kashmir | Nutraceutical | Edible plant used as vegetable for general weakness | Weakness / nutrition | Cooked and consumed as a leafy green vegetable. | Cooking | Narm Nur | Raja begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
346 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for burning sensation | Gastric burning | Fresh leaf paste is applied directly to burn-affected areas to aid in healing. | Topical (burn healing) | Chikal | Raja begum | Nagbal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
347 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutrition | Used in its entirety as a tonic for rejuvenation and stamina. | Tonic (oral/topical) | Maedan Mangour (whole) | Hameeda Begum and others | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
348 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for fear of abortion and joint pain | Miscarriage risk & joint pain | Prepared as a sweet dish to prevent miscarriage and relieve back pain. | Cooking (sweet) | Mamek | Paeonia Emodi | Paeonia Emodi | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Tufail, H. M., Hakim Rashid Nomani, H. S., Jamal, S., & Hamdard, H. D. A. R. The number of persons and institutions have earned our heartfelt gratitudes for their suggestions, contributions and various favours received during the course of this work. We are indebted and extend our sincere thanks to all of them, who have enriched our knowledge and influenced the scope of this book. | Haneefa/ishret | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
349 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache and magical protection | Toothache & spiritual protection | Sap extracted from the stem is applied externally to affected skin. | Topical | Dhoop | Himalayan Dolomiaea | Jurinea dolomiaea | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Endangered (EN) – regional | No scientific validation | Hameeda Begum and others / Abdul aziz malik | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
350 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for joint pain and fever | Joint pain & fever | A paste is prepared and applied topically to the affected area for relief. | Topical | Kali vauth | common self-heal, heal-all, woundwort | Prunella vulgaris | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Rasool, R., & Ganai, B. A. (2013). Prunella vulgaris L.: a literature review on its therapeutic potentials. Pharmacologia, 4(6), 441-448. | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
351 | Kashmir | Human & Animal Health | Herbal tonic for both animals and humans | Weakness (human & veterinary) | Cooked as a vegetable to strengthen the body and reduce weakness. | Cooking | whai | Acorus calamus | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Pattanaik, J., Kumar, Y., & Khatri, R. S. (2013). Acorus calamus Linn. A herbal tonic for central nervous system. Journal of scientific and innovative research, 2(5), 950-954. | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
352 | Kashmir | Nutraceticaal | Traditional use, As a Ingredient in namkeen chai | Digestive refreshment | Bark is used in tea preparation to strengthen immunity and boost health. | Tea preparation | Sungul tree | Misra Begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
353 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for hair growth and lice control | Hair loss & lice | Sap or paste is applied to the scalp to promote hair growth. | Scalp application | Kemneer | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
354 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Raw fruit for health | General health | Taken orally as a tonic to enhance physical energy and stamina. | Tonic (oral) | Wanwangum | Himalayan May Apple | Podophyllum Hexandrum | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Endangered (EN) | Sofi, M. A., Sofi, M. A., Nanda, A., Nayak, B. K., Othman, Z., & Sadikan, M. Z. (2025). Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Podophyllum hexandrum Root Extract: Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Efficacy, and Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities. Scientifica, 2025(1), 5100547. | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
355 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy used as tranquilizer | Anxiety / insomnia | Consumed for its tonic effects and overall health benefits. | Tonic (oral) | Maetkafal | Indian Pokeweed | Phytolacca acinosa Roxb | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | No scientific validation | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
356 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutrition | Cooked as a vegetable to treat general body weakness. | Cooking | Kafal | Indian Belladonna | Atropa accuminata | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Endangered (EN) | Dar, S. A., Nawchoo, I. A., Tyub, S., & Kamili, A. N. (2022). In vitro culture and biochemical and antioxidant potential of the critically endangered medicinal plant Atropa acuminata Royle ex Lindl of Kashmir Himalaya. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 58(4), 540-550. | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
357 | Kashmir | Animal Heath | Herbal supplement for animals in cold | Cold stress in animals | Fresh leaves are fed to cattle as a part of animal diet. | Animal fodder | Kavashud | Geranium wallichianum | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Shaheen, S., Bibi, M., Hussain, H., Iqbal Saira, I., & Safdar Laraib, S. (2017). A review on Geranium wallichianum D-Don ex-sweet: an endangered medicinal herb from Himalaya Region. Med Aromat Plants (Los Angles), 6(288), 2167-0412. | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
358 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for joint pain | Joint pain | A hot paste prepared from leaves is applied externally to affected areas. | Topical heat therapy | Hapath Koath | Saussurea costus | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Endangered (EN) | Pandey, M. M., Rastogi, S., & Rawat, A. K. S. (2007). Saussurea costus: botanical, chemical and pharmacological review of an ayurvedic medicinal plant. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 110(3), 379-390. | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
359 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice for rheumatism | Rheumatism | Used either raw or cooked to promote nutritional and healing benefits. | Raw / cooked consumption | Hapath Abij | Nepal Dock | Rumex acetosa L. Polygonaceae | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Bello, O. M., Fasinu, P. S., Bello, O. E., Ogbesejana, A. B., Adetunji, C. O., Dada, A. O., ... & Oguntoye, O. S. (2019). Wild vegetable Rumex acetosa Linn.: Its ethnobotany, pharmacology and phytochemistry–A review. South African Journal of Botany, 125, 149-160. | Mohd Saleem Rather | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
360 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for dry cough | Dry cough | Sap of the fruit is administered to treat dry cough. | Oral (dry cough) | Kulmanch | Grand Viburnum | Viburnum Grandiflorum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ali, M. Z., Saboor, A., Ullah, R., Haq, Q. S. U., Rahman, F. U., Ullah, F., ... & Ullah, R. (2025). Evaluation of Viburnum Grandiflorum Crude Extract as an Antibacterial Agent. Review Journal of Neurological & Medical Sciences Review, 3(1), 223-232. | Ishret | Bandai Bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
361 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for postpartum pain relief | Post-delivery pain | Sap of the fruit is administered post-delivery to relieve pain. | Oral (postpartum) | Chikael | Haneefa | Dudhbugh | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
362 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to induce labor pain | Labor induction | Cooked as a vegetable before childbirth to help induce labor. | Cooking (prenatal) | Haleun | Asparagus filicinus Buch | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient | No scientific validation | Haneefa | Dudhbugh | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
363 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for respiratory infections and cold | Respiratory infections | A decoction is prepared and administered orally to treat respiratory tract infections. | Decoction | Gul Banafsha | Sweet Violet | Viola oderata | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Singh, A., Dhariwal, S., & , N. (2018). Traditional uses, Antimicrobial potential, Pharmacological properties and Phytochemistry of Viola odorata: A Mini Review. The Journal of Phytopharmacology. https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2018.7120. | Umer Majeed | Kohlina | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
364 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for respiratory infections and fever | Respiratory infections & fever | Used in decoction form to treat respiratory ailments. | Decoction | Sonchal | Common Mallow | Malva rotundifolia | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Sharifi‐Rad, J., Melgar-Lalanne, G., Hernández-Álvarez, A., Taheri, Y., Shaheen, S., Kręgiel, D., Antolak, H., Pawlikowska, E., Brdar-Jokanović, M., Rajković, J., Hosseinabadi, T., Ljevnaić-Mašić, B., Baghalpour, N., Mohajeri, M., Fokou, P., & Martins, N. (2019). Malva species: Insights on its chemical composition towards pharmacological applications. Phytotherapy Research, 34, 546 - 567. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.6550. | Umer Majeed | Kohlina | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
365 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional ophthalmic use of flower seeds | Eye infections | Leaves are applied to the eyes to relieve ophthalmic conditions. | Topical (eyes) | Sazpoash | Kashmir Mallow | Lavatera cashmeriana | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Areesanan, A., Nicolay, S., Keller, M., Zimmermann-Klemd, A., Potterat, O., & Gründemann, C. (2023). Potential benefits of Malva sylvestris in dry-eye disease pathology in vitro based on antioxidant, wound-healing and anti-inflammatory properties.. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie, 168, 115782 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115782. | Umer Majeed | Kohlina | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
366 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for cardiac disorders | Cardiac issues | Cooked and consumed to strengthen the cardiovascular system. | Cooking | Brear gase or Bellilota | Themeda anathera | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Not scientificly proven | Umer Majeed | Kohlina | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
367 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for renal calculi | Kidney stones | A diluted decoction is administered twice daily for health improvement. | Oral (diluted) | Corn Hair | Corn Hair | Zea mays | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Gumaih, H., Alasbahy, A., Alharethi, S., Al-Asmari, S., & Al-Khulaidi, A. (2023). Antiurolithiasis activities of Zea mays extract and its mechanism as antiurolithiasis remedy.. American journal of clinical and experimental urology, 11 5, 443-451 . | Umer Majeed | Kohlina | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
368 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy as blood purifier and for skin diseases | Blood toxins & skin diseases | Eaten as a cooked vegetable for nutritional support. | Cooking | Shahtara | Indian Fumitory | Fumaria officinalis | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ahmoda, R., Pirković, A., Milutinović, V., Milošević, M., Marinković, A., & Jovanović, A. (2025). Fumaria officinalis Dust as a Source of Bioactives for Potential Dermal Application: Optimization of Extraction Procedures, Phytochemical Profiling, and Effects Related to Skin Health Benefits. Plants, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14030352. | Umer Majeed | Kohlina | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
369 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice for abortion control | Abortifacient | Used in the form of a cooked vegetable to support digestion. | Cooking | Koani | Umer Majeed | Kohlina | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
370 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache and ascaris | Toothache & ascaris | Leaves are ground into a sap and applied topically to inflamed gums. | Paste / Topical (gums) | Bodi | Sakeena Beigum | Bandi bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
371 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for inflammation and back pain | Inflammation & back pain | Consumed as a cooked vegetable for general wellness. | Cooking | Chitaullah | Sakeena Beigum | Bandi bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
372 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Herbal tonic for animals with chills | Cold exposure in animals | Used as a cooked vegetable for dietary and medicinal purposes. | Cooking | Khakri | Sakeena Beigum | Bandi bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
373 | Kashmir | Industruial Aplicability | Herbal practice to clean milk utensils and treat ascaris | Utensil cleaning | Eaten to treat intestinal parasites like Ascaris; also used to prevent milk spoilage. | Cooking + Antiparasitic | chuir | Angelica | Anjelica glauca | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Not Documented | Sakeena Beigum , haneefa | Bandi bala/Dughbugh | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
374 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: General antidote | Poisoning | Prepared and consumed as a green vegetable. | Cooking | Zahar ka pohl | Sakeena Beigum | Bandi bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
375 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy as infant painkiller | Infant pain | Cooked and consumed to promote digestive and physical health. | Cooking | korigari | Ishret Banu | Bandi bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
376 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tonic and supplement for weakness | General weakness | Consumed as a vegetable for nourishment. | Cooking | Gool tuf | Ishret Banu | Bandi bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
377 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wound healing and inflammation | Wound & inflammation | Applied externally to treat wounds and skin injuries. | Topical | Ravend | Ishret Banu | Bandi bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
378 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional herb for hair growth | Hair loss | Applied to the hair as a paste for conditioning and strengthening. | Paste / Topical | Maleeni | Ishret Banu | Bandi bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
379 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Herbal remedy for cattle diseases | Livestock disease | Boiled and given to cattle in decoction form to treat diarrhea and dysentery. | Decoction / Veterinary | Rattan Joot | Meadow Geranium | Geranium pretense L | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Not Documented | Ishret Banu | Bandi bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
380 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal antidote for poison and cough | Poisoning & cough | Decoction is prepared and given in dilute form to treat cough. | Decoction | Kassar | Ishret Banu | Bandi bala | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
381 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for abdominal cramps | Abdominal cramps | Used as a cooked vegetable in regular diets. | Cooking | Judhpatcha | Abdul aziz malik | Nagbal | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
382 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomachache | Stomach ache | Bulbs of Fritillaria roylei are consumed raw or cooked to treat stomach ailments. | Raw or cooked | Sheethkhar | Himalayan Fritillary | Fritillaria Roylei | ⚫ Black | Vulnerable | Vulnerable | Abdul aziz malik | Nagbal | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
383 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache | Toothache | Paste is applied externally to the affected area for localized relief. | Topical | Gagar kend | Zoona | Kakawthal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
384 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Wild mushroom used as vegetable | Nutritional use | Cooked and consumed as a vegetable to support health. | Cooking | Seakibabal | Zoona | Kakawthal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
385 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for eye health (ophthalmic use) | Eye health | Paste is applied around the eyes to relieve swelling or pain. | Topical (eye area) | jaanithear | Zamrooda | Kakawthal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
386 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for pustules and sepsis | Pustules & sepsis | Paste is applied externally to the affected area for relief. | Topical | Rangi kound | Zamrooda | Kakawthal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
387 | Kashmir | Industrial Applicability | Traditional plant used in soap making | Skin care / cleaning | The aerial parts of the plant are processed and used as a natural soap ingredient for skin care | Soap preparation | charrisaban | Scarlet Pimpernel | Anagallis arvensis | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Yasmeen, Z., Basit, A., & Tahir, S. (2020). Traditional Uses and Pharmacological Effects of Anagallis arvensis: A Review. , 4, 97-100. https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v4i2.295. | Zamrooda | Kakawthal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
388 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy as oral contraceptive | Birth control | Given as raw as contracetive | Raw (oral contraceptive) | Dandi leder zrand | Zamrooda | Kakawthal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
389 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for pustules and sepsis | Pustules & sepsis | The paste is applied externally around the afftected area | Topical | Ranreash | Zamrooda | Kakawthal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
390 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for psoriasis | Psoriasis | Applied in the form of a paste on afftected area | Topical | Obuge | Nepal Dock | Rumex acetosa L. Polygonaceae | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Khaliq, T., Akhter, S., Sultan, P., & Hassan, Q. (2023). Critical review on Rumex dentatus L. a strong pharmacophore and the future medicine: Pharmacology, phytochemical analysis and traditional uses. Heliyon, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14159. | Zamrooda | Kakawthal, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
391 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for pustules and sepsis | Pustules and sepsis | The roots are ground into a paste and applied externally around the affected area to reduce swelling or pain. | Paste / Topical | Imberzul | Narcissus pseudonarcissus | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Boshra, Y., Mostafa, Y., Hamed, A., Desoukey, S., & Fahim, J. (2023). Wound healing potential of Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. bulbs supported with chemical and molecular docking investigations. South African Journal of Botany. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2023.04.028. | Sanaullah mir | Dolipora | Keeri | Baramullah | ||||
392 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for pustules and sepsis | Pustules and sepsis | The leaves are ground into a paste and applied externally on the skin to soothe irritation or inflammation. | Paste / Topical | Shal lout | Asthmaweed | Conyza bonariensis | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Not Documented | Sanaullah mir | Dolipora | Keeri | Baramullah | |||
393 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for pustules and sepsis | Pustules and sepsis | The leaves are ground into a paste and applied externally to treat minor wounds or skin infections. | Paste / Topical | Tsoktsen | Creeping Wood Sorrel | Oxalis Corniaculata | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Sarfraz, I., Rasul, A., Hussain, G., Shah, M., Nageen, B., Jabeen, F., Selamoğlu, Z., Ucak, I., Asrar, M., & Adem, Ş. (2021). A review on phyto-pharmacology of Oxalis corniculata.. Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening. https://doi.org/10.2174/1386207324666210813121431. | Sanaullah mir | Dolipora | Keeri | Baramullah | |||
394 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Traditional use: Edible (believed to be rich in proteins) | Protein deficiency | The fruit is cooked and consumed to promote digestion or provide nourishment. | Cooking | Shajj kann | earth cup | Geopora arenicola | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Barzkar, N., Fariman, G., & Taheri, A. (2017). Proximate composition and mineral contents in the body wall of two species of sea cucumber from Oman Sea. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 18907-18911. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9379-5. | Faza begum | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
395 | Kashmir | Industrial Applicability | Traditional use: Used for treating evil eye | Spiritual/mystical concern | Cleaned roots are kept in the room, believed to provide protective or medicinal ambient effects. | Ambient use / Display | Doopie | Himalayan Dolomiaea | Jurinea dolomiaea | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Haq, S., Khoja, A., Lone, F., Waheed, M., Bussmann, R., Casini, R., Mahmoud, E., & Elansary, H. (2023). Keeping Healthy in Your Skin—Plants and Fungi Used by Indigenous Himalayan Communities to Treat Dermatological Ailments. Plants, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12071575. | Gh Nabi Mir | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
396 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wounds (as antiseptic) | Cuts and wounds | The stem is crushed into a paste and applied topically for its potential anti-inflammatory properties. | Paste / Topical | Pambi Tchalan | Himalayan Rhubarb | Rheum emodii | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Handoo, N., Parrah, J., Athar, H., Gayas, M., Imtiyaz, T., & Bisma, S. (2018). Wound healing and anti-bacterial efficacy of Rheum emodi and its different extracts on excisional wounds in rabbits. Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 6, 1204-1213. | Faza Begum | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
397 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat blisters or burns | Blisters or burns | Sap extracted from fresh leaves is applied directly on burns for cooling and healing effects. | Direct topical | Pahand | - | Haseena | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
398 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pains (banned for household use) | Stomach pain | The bark is boiled in water to prepare a decoction, which is administered orally for respiratory or digestive issues. | Decoction (oral) | Sheed khaar | Himalayan Fritillary | Fritillaria roylei | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Not Dcoumented | Haseena | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
399 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for acidity and stomach problems | Acidity and indigestion | The bark decoction is orally consumed to treat internal infections or inflammation. | Oral consumption | Kaah Zabaan | Himalayan Arnebia | Arnebia benthamii | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated | Laxmi, K. (2016). A PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW ON - ARNEBIA BENTHAMII. . | Faza Begum | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
400 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for joint pains | Joint pain | The leaves are ground into a paste and applied to the skin to treat localized skin conditions. | Paste / Topical | Kouth | Costus | Saussurea costus | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated | Kumari, R., Negi, M., Thakur, P., Mahajan, H., Raina, K., Sharma, R., Singh, R., Anand, V., Ming, L., Goh, K., Calina, D., Sharifi‐Rad, J., & Chaudhary, A. (2023). Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch.: a comprehensive review of its pharmacology, phytochemicals, ethnobotanical uses, and therapeutic potential.. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-023-02694-0. | Gh Nabi mir | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
401 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for treating fractured bones | Bone fracture | The leaves are crushed into a paste and applied to the affected area to promote healing. | Paste / Topical | Palle phot | Chinese Bergenia | Bergenia ligulata | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Not Documented | Gh Nabi shah | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
402 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use for general ailments | General health conditions | The leaves are cooked and consumed as vegetables to support respiratory and febrile conditions. | Cooking | Chuhur | Angelica | Anjelica glauca | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Balu, K., Ramya, K., Radha, A., & Krishnasamy, G. (2020). Structure of intact chitinase with hevein domain from the plant Simarouba glauca, known for its traditional anti-inflammatory efficacy.. International journal of biological macromolecules. https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb6lnr/pdb. | Gh Nabi Mir | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
403 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for fever | Fever | Approximately 1 gram of seeds is chewed to reduce symptoms of high fever. | Chewing | Kamue seeds | - | Md Sultan Najar | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||
404 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for treating headaches | Headache | The flower is crushed into a paste and applied to the forehead to relieve headaches. | Paste / Topical | Kalle woath | common self-heal, heal-all, woundwort | Prunella vulgaris | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Bai, Y., Xia, B., Xie, W., Zhou, Y., Xie, J., Li, H., Liao, D., Lin, L., & Li, C. (2016). Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the genus Prunella.. Food chemistry, 204, 483-96 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.047. | Fatma begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
405 | Kashmir | Industrial Applicability | Traditional use: Water resource in village | Not a medicinal use | Heated water is believed to have digestive properties and is consumed to support gastrointestinal health. | Consumption | Ring water spring | - | Zaina Begum | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
406 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice for bathing pregnant women | Postpartum care | Preparation of the Water: The first step involves heating water in a copper vessel until it reaches a high temperature. The adding herbs like Liquorica roots (Shanger), Prunella Vulagaris (Kalaveuth), Saussurea iappa (Kuth), Adiantum Pedatum (Gawtheer), Macrotomia benthami (Khazaban), Arnebia Benthami (Goazaban), Sweet Violet (Banafsha), Thulbalol, Taraxacum officinale (Handh), Rheum emodi (Pumbachalan) with this herb believed to have healing properties and aid in postpartum recovery. | Decoction / Herbal bath | Wupal Haakh | Himalayan Teasel | Dipsacus inermis | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Not Documented | Zaina Begum | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
407 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for infant wellness | Infant health support | Leaves are cooked and consumed as a vegetable for general health benefits. | Cooking | Egni Shaer | - | Zaina Begum | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
408 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for bone dislocations | Bone dislocation | A leaf paste is applied to the affected area and wrapped with cloth for wound management. | Paste + Dressing | Hand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔵 Blue 🔴 Red | Least Concern (LC) | Akhtar, U., Wankhade, A. M., Vyas, J. V., & Paithankar, V. V. (2023). A Review on: Phytoconstituents, Traditional and Medicinal uses of Taraxacum offinale (Dandelion). Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. | Choi, H., Kim, J. H., Kim, K. H., Choi, S. H., & Park, K. M. (2010). Anti-inflammatory activity of Taraxacum officinalein lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 131(2), 438-444. | Zaina Begum | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
409 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cough | Cough | The fruit is eaten directly or dried and stored for later use as a snack or remedy. | Raw / Dried snack | Kilmish | Viburnum Grandiflorum | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated (NE) | Akhtar, U., Wani, S. A., Rather, M. A., Dar, M. A., & Ahmad, G. (2024). Medicinal Properties of Viburnum grandiflorumleaf extracts growing wild in the Kashmir Himalayas. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR), 11(3), N80-N90. | Alam, G., Khan, M. R., Khan, R. A., & Khan, Q. M. (2012). Evaluation of Viburnum grandiflorum for its in-vitro pharmacological screening. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6(21), 1606-1611. | Nazira Begum | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
410 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for fever, headache, and dehydration | Fever, headache, dehydration | Leaves are taken as oil or ground into paste and consumed with other flavors for general wellness. | Mixing + Oral consumption | Changeri | Nazira Begum | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
411 | Kashmir | Human Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Anticold for animals | Cold in animals | The roots are boiled in water to prepare a decoction for oral use in treating internal ailments. | Decoction (oral) | Ratanjot | Meadow Geranium | Geranium pretense L | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Hussain, M. A., Jamal, Z., & Anwar, S. (2007). Ethnobotanical uses of plants of Ziarat, Balochistan. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 39(4), 1063-1076. | Kuepeli, E., Tatli, I. I., Akdemir, Z. S., & Yesilada, E. (2007). Estimation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity on Geranium pratense subsp. finitimum and its phenolic compounds. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 114(2), 234-240. | Nazira Begum and Ab Kareem Pode | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
412 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tea for IBS, cramps, and joint pain | IBS, abdominal cramps, joint pain | The leaves are boiled in water, then milk is added before oral administration, commonly for respiratory support. | Decoction (oral) | Masloon | Bistorta amplexicaulis | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Babar, M., Aslam, B., Faisal, M. N., Malik, A., Akhtar, S., Fatima, S., ... & Farooq, M. A. (2025). Phytochemical characterization and anti-arthritic potential of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles derived from the Bistorta amplexicaulis root extract. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15, 1474592. | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
413 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for abdominal disorder | Abdominal disorder | The root is used to prepare a decoction, which is administered to children for fever or stomach issues. | Pediatric oral use | Landii | Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Kushwaha, M. N., Kumar, A., & Ahmad, S. (2017). Ethnomedicinal knowledge of the rural communities of Dhirkot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 201, 148-164. | Nazira Begum and Nazira begum | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
414 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The leaves are cooked and consumed as part of a traditional recipe for general wellness. | Cooking | Paancha | Nazira Begum | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
415 | Kashmir | ||||||||||||||||||
416 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for joint pain | Joint pain | The roots are cooked and consumed as part of traditional dishes for nutrition or therapeutic purposes. | Cooking | Kafar | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
417 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary remedy for shivering in sheep | Shivering in livestock | The plant material is consumed raw, commonly believed to have digestive benefits. | Raw consumption | Bremji | Celtis Australis | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Badoni, P., Bhatt, A., Kumar, A., & Singh, B. (2022). Seasonal and Altitudinal Variation in Chemical Composition of Celtis australis L. Tree Foliage. Forests, 11(12), 2271. | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
418 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache | Toothache | The root is dried, powdered, and used internally or externally depending on the condition. | Powdering + Internal/external | Sarsari | Gulam Hussain Deader | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
419 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The leaves are used in food preparations for health-promoting effects. | Culinary / Medicinal use | Trobodo | Javaid Ahmad Deader | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
420 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The leaves are included in recipes for culinary and medicinal applications. | Culinary / Medicinal use | Chunchi | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
421 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach sore | Gastric ulcer/soreness | The fresh leaves are chewed directly for oral or throat-related conditions. | Chewing | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||||
422 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for children's cough | Pediatric cough | The leaves and fruit are chewed together to relieve sore throat or stimulate appetite. | Chewing | Sunnu | Laaldin Deader | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
423 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for joint pain | Joint pain | The root is crushed into a paste, powdered, and mixed with oil for external application. | Paste / Topical | Sunnu | Laaldin Deader | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
424 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Leaves are cooked and consumed as part of a traditional preparation. | Cooking | Lalorie | Mohd Shareef Deader | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
425 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional herb for hair growth | Hair loss | The root is dried, powdered, and mixed with oil for oral or topical use. | Internal or topical use | Maline | Ab Kareem Pode | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
426 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain | Stomach pain | The leaves are boiled to prepare a decoction for managing fever or digestion issues. | Decoction (oral) | Naro | Mohd Shareef Deader | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
427 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back pain | Back pain | The roots are powdered and mixed with sweets (e.g., halwa) to improve palatability for internal use. | Powder + Culinary | Mamekh | Paeonia Emodi | Paeonia Emodi | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Yaqoob, N. (2013). Paeonia emodi: An Ethnopharmacological and Phytochemical Review. Research & Reviews: Journal of Herbal Science, 2(1), 1-5. | Mohd Shareef Deader | Bandi Bala, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
428 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back pain | Back pain | The roots are mashed and used as a garlic substitute in cooking. | Culinary substitute | Prenak | Gh mohammad sheikh | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
429 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach cleaning | Digestive cleansing | The leaves are boiled in water to prepare a decoction and consumed orally. | Decoction (oral) | Tathwain | Artimesia absenthium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Benamar, K., Ibnsouda Koraichi, S., & Fikri-Benbrahim, K. (2023). Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Celtis australis: A review. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 12(1), 1-19. | Mohammd maqbool mir | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
430 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Animal edible plant | Livestock nutrition | The leaves are consumed raw or lightly cooked as part of regular meals. | Raw / Culinary | Marche wangan gasse | polygonum Hydropiper | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Chaudhary, S., Khan, G., & Singh, R. (2017). A review on ethnopharmacological and phytochemical profile of Polygonum hydropiper Linn. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, 8(3), 963-971. | Sajad ah sheikh | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
431 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Traditional use: Used for cooking | Cultural/culinary | The leaves are boiled in water, then fried with spices and oil, and eaten as a therapeutic dish. | Fried dish | Kral Mund | Shepherd's purse | Capsella bursapastoris | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | gulshana begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
432 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Traditional use: Cooked and dried for cleaning | Cleaning utility | The plant is cooked as a vegetable to provide general nourishment and health support. | Cooking | Mazan | Summer Cypress | Bassia Scoparia | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Grabowska, K., Buzdygan, W., Galanty, A., & Podolak, I. (2023). Current knowledge on genus Bassia All.: a comprehensive review on traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, and nonmedical applications. Phytochemistry Reviews, 22(5), 1-50. | Hameeda begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
433 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Traditional use: Cooked and dried for cleaning | Cleaning utility | When dried, the plant is cut, tied with rope, and used for household cleaning purposes. | Household cleaning use | Mazan | Summer Cypress | Bassia Scoparia | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Grabowska, K., Buzdygan, W., Galanty, A., & Podolak, I. (2023). Current knowledge on genus Bassia All.: a comprehensive review on traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, and nonmedical applications. Phytochemistry Reviews, 22(5), 1-50. | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
434 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for lactating mothers to reduce joint pain | Joint pain, postpartum recovery | The leaves are boiled in water three times, then cooked with chicken or egg before consumption. | Cooking preparation | Hand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Clare, B. A., Conroy, R. S., & Spelman, K. (2009). The diuretic effect in human subjects of an extract of Taraxacum officinale folium over a single day. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 15(8), 929-934. | Mhomad saleem sheikh | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
435 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Edible plant used as food for humans and animals | Nutritional support | The leaves are cooked like spinach (palak) and consumed for nutritional support. | Cooking | Dobri haakh | Rafeeqa begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
436 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice to reduce fats and sugar | Obesity, diabetes management | The roots are dried, mashed, and either given directly or mixed with water for internal administration. | Powder / Oral use | Patrees | Greenish Himalayan Monkshood | Aconitum heterophyllum | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Critically Endangered (CR) | Toxic | Hameeda begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
437 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Traditional use: Cooking ingredient | Culinary use | The leaves and stems are generally cooked and consumed for nourishment. | Cooking | Naramnur | Stellaria media.L Caryophyllaceae | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Singh, R., Chaudhary, M., & Chauhan, E. S. (2022). Stellaria media Linn.: A comprehensive review highlights the nutritional, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 11(3), 330-338. https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.38 | Misra begum | Dudbugh, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
438 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache and stomach ache | Toothache, stomach ache | The plant is boiled in water to prepare a decoction for internal use. | Decoction (oral) | Pahel gasse | Common Yarrow | Achillea Millefolium | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Majid, M., Roshan, M., Andleeb, L., & Bhat, M. I. (2018). Achillea millefolium L.: A promising health aid in modern pharmacology. International Journal of Advanced Research in Science and Engineering, 7(Special Issue 4), 1-5. | Zareena Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
439 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The leaves are used in traditional recipes for cooking and healing. | Culinary / Medicinal use | Hand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔵 Blue 🔴 Red | Least Concern (LC) | Türkmen, B. M., Teyin, G., Lokman, U., & Kocaman, E. M. (2023). Functional Effects of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and Its Use in the Traditional Cuisines. Journal of Culinary Science & Technology, 22(20), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/15428052.2022.2163733 | Saida begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
440 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to aid digestion | Indigestion | The seeds are chewed directly to reduce fever or digestive discomfort. | Chewing | Baidyan | Sounf | Foeniculum vulgare Mill | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Yakut, H. I., Koyuncu, E., Cakir, U., Tayman, C., Koyuncu, İ., Turkmenoglu, T. T., Cakir, E., Ozyazici, A., Aydogan, S., & Zenciroglu, A. (2020). Preventative and therapeutic effects of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed extracts against necrotizing enterocolitis. Journal of Food Biochemistry, 44(9), e13284. | Hilal Ahmad Bhat | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
441 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The leaves are incorporated into recipes and consumed orally. | Culinary | Sochal | Common Mallow | Malva neglecta L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | A Wandering Botanist. (2023, September 3). Plant Story -- Common Mallow, Malva neglecta, Edible Minor Weed. | Zareena Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
442 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for swelling | Swelling/inflammation | The water extract of the plant is used externally to wash affected skin areas. | Washing / Topical | Thol babul | Babuna | Cotula anthemoids L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Mahato, G., Mahato, R. K., & Hansda, B. (2024). Analysis of Phytoconstituents, Antioxidant and Anti-bacterial Properties of an Ethnobotanical Herb Cotula anthemoides L. Occurring in Purulia District of West Bengal, India. Pharmacognosy Research, 16(1), 51-58. | Amina Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
443 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for anticold | Cold/cough | The leaves are used in recipes for traditional dishes. | Culinary | Wast haak | Redroot Pigweed | Amaranthus dubius | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Meema Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
444 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach ache, worms, and fat loss | Stomach ache, worms, obesity | The sap is extracted from the leaves and used in combination with other ingredients topically. | Paste / Topical | Tathwain | Artemisia absinthium | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🔴 Red | Least Concern (LC) | Zeraati, F., Esna-Ashari, F., Araghchian, M., Emam, A. H., Rad, M. V., Seif, S., & Razaghi, K. (2014). Evaluation of topical antinociceptive effect of Artemisia absinthium extract in mice and possible mechanisms. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 8(19), 492-496. | Haja Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
445 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat worms | Intestinal worms | The sap is extracted and used as a spray for wound healing or skin treatment. | Spray / Topical | Gand Soi | Catnip | Nepeta cataria L. | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Gomes, E. N., Yuan, B., Patel, H. K., Lockhart, A., Wyenandt, C. A., Wu, Q., & Simon, J. E. (2024). Implications of the Propagation Method for the Phytochemistry of Nepeta cataria L. throughout a Growing Season. Molecules, 29(9), 2001. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29092001 | Zareena Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
446 | Kashmir | Inustrial use | Herbal practice used as insecticide | Pest control | The sap of leaves is sprayed directly on the affected area for medicinal benefit. | Spice use | Duni kul | Juglans Regia | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Palabıyık, E., Uğuz, H., Aşkın, H., Aşkın, S., et al. (2024). Walnut Seed Coat (Juglans regia L.), a Plant Effective in Human Health: Antioxidant Activity and in Rats Nephroprotective Effect. Research in Agricultural Sciences, 55(2), 89-104. https://doi.org/10.17097/agricultureatauni.1418238 | Fayaz Ahmad Wani | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
447 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for anticold | Cold/flu | The leaves and stems are dried and used as a spice in traditional cooking. | Chewing | Footnne | mint | Mentha arvensis | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Saqib, S., Ullah, F., Naeem, M., Younas, M., Ayaz, A., Ali, S., & Zaman, W. (2022). Mentha: Nutritional and Health Attributes to Treat Various Ailments Including Cardiovascular Diseases. Molecules, 27(19), 6728. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196728 | Najma | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
448 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for belly pain | Abdominal pain | The upper part of the plant is chewed directly for its medicinal properties. | Topical | Shal lut | Asthmaweed | Conyza bonariensis | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Saleem, M., Naseer, F., Hussain, K., & Alamgeer. (2015). Cytotoxic effect of methanol extract of Conyza bonariensis on DMBA-induced skin carcinogenesis: An in vivo study. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 10(2), 297–302. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v10i2.23063 | Raja Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
449 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for allergies | Allergy | The leaf paste is applied directly to the affected skin area for healing. | Culinary | Abij | Nepal Dock | Rumex nepelensis | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bizualem, E., Yohannes, T., & Gebrehiwot, S. (2023). Antimicrobial effects of Rumex nepalensis and Echinops sphaerocephalus crude extracts on selected pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 15(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMA2020.0429 | Zareena Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
450 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The leaves are included in recipes for traditional preparations. | Gargle | Gulle | broadleaf plantain | Plantago major L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Samuelsen, A. B. (2000). The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L. A review. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 71(1-2), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(00)00212-9 | Raja Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
451 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache and frostbite | Toothache, frostbite | The seeds are used as a gargle solution, typically after boiling in water. | Raw consumption | Dater Kul | Datura stramonium | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | toxic | Sona ullah bhat | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
452 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Cattle nutrition | The entire plant is consumed directly, believed to support overall vitality. | Raw / Boiled tonic | Khand gasse | Ab Rahman Ganie | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
453 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Cattle nutrition | The plant is consumed raw or boiled as a general health tonic. | Topical | Batak lut | Red Clover | Trifolium pratense | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Greveniotis, V., Bouloumpasi, E., Skendi, A., Korkovelos, A., Kantas, D., & Ipsilandis, C. G. (2025). Evaluation and Stability of Red and White Trifolium Species for Nutritional Quality in a Mediterranean Environment. Agriculture, 15(4), 391. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15040391 | Mukhti Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
454 | Kashmir | Insecticide | Herbal practice used as insecticide | Insecticide | Leaves are used directly without processing and placed over affected areas. | Dietary therapy | Dunnepan | Walnut leaves | Juglans Regia | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Dar, P. A., Rashid, N., Parwez, A., & Kalam, M. A. (2018). Ethnomedicinal practices of Kashmir Valley: A Review. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 7(6), 278–284. | Fayaz Ahmad Wani | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
455 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The leaves are incorporated into recipes for dietary therapy. | Oral intake | Wari hand | Dandelion | Dandelion | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Meema Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
456 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy as blood purifier | Blood detoxification | A decoction is prepared from the leaves and consumed orally for health benefits. | Culinary | Shahtar | Fumaria indica | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ali, S., Bansal, S., & Mishra, R. P. (2020). Fumaria indica (L), a Famous Medicinal Herb of Tribal Regions of Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh: Broad Spectrum Antibacterial and Phytochemical Profilng Against Some Pathogenic Microorganisms. Pharmacognosy Journal, 12(3), 619–623. https://doi.org/10.5530/pj.2020.12.92 | Chishti, M. A., Ahmad, R., Riaz, T., Akram, M., Laila, U., Khalil, M. T., & Parmar, P. (2024). Review on Ethnobotanical, Pharmacological, and Conventional uses of Fumaria indica. International Archives of Integrated Medicine, 11(2), 26–32. https://iaimjournal.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/iaim_11_2_26-32.pdf | Umar mejeed | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
457 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The leaves are used in traditional recipes and consumed as food. | Culinary | Drubb | Polygonum aviculare L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Dong, X., Fu, J., Yin, X., ... & Ni, J. (2014). Pharmacological and other Bioactivities of the Genus Polygonum - A Review. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 13(10), 1749–1759. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v13i10.27 | Saida begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
458 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The leaves are cooked and consumed in food preparations. | Powdering | Kral mund | Shepherd's purse | Capsella bursapastoris | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Jana Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
459 | Kashmir | Industrial Applicability | Traditional use: Spices | Culinary use | The leaves are crushed to form a powder used for internal or external therapeutic applications. | Oil extraction / Topical | Brasti | Saida begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
460 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional herb for hair growth | Hair loss | Oil is extracted from the plant and mixed with mustard oil before topical application. | Raw / Cooked consumption | Kuklipoot | Cuscuta reflexa | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Mukhopadhyay, N., Kumar, A., & Suchitra, M. (2020). A comprehensive Review of the Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Therapeutic Benefits of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 10(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.26463/rjps.10_1_6 | Sumaya Fayaz | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
461 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Cattle nutrition | The whole plant is consumed raw or cooked as part of a traditional health routine. | Powdering | Naramnur | Stellaria media.L Caryophyllaceae | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Priyanka, R., & Lalit, S. (2013). Stellaria media (L.) Vill: A Review on its Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2(4), 163–167.https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2013/vol2issue4/PartC/17.1.pdf | Ab Aziz Dar | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
462 | Kashmir | Industrial Applicability | Traditional use: Spices | Culinary use | Fruits are crushed into powder and used internally or as a remedy ingredient. | Oil extraction / Culinary | March wangan kul | polygonum Hydropiper | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Zareefa Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
463 | Kashmir | industrail aplicability | Traditional use: Cooking oil | Culinary use | The seeds are crushed to extract oil for culinary or medicinal use. | Raw consumption | Guli afteab | Sun flower | Helianthus annuus | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Zareena Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
464 | Kashmir | Nutritional/tonic | Traditional use: Fruit | Nutritional/tonic | The fruit is consumed directly as part of a traditional diet. | Raw consumption | Dach | Grapes | Vitis repanda | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Masooda Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
465 | Kashmir | Nutritional/tonic | Traditional use: Salad | Dietary supplement | The fruit is eaten raw for nourishment or minor ailments. | Utility / Miscellaneous | Laer | Cucumber | Cucumis sativus | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Mukherjee PK, Nema NK, Maity N, Sarkar BK. Phytochemical and therapeutic potential of cucumber. Fitoterapia. 2013 Jan;84:227-36. doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.10.003. Epub 2012 Oct 23. PMID: 23098877. | Mymoona Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
466 | Kashmir | Industrial Applicability | Traditional use: Natural brush | Oral hygiene | The branch is used traditionally, likely in utility or fuel roles (exact usage unspecified). | Cooking | Verr | Willow | Salix alba var. | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Durrant, T. H., de Rigo, D., & Caudullo, G. (2016). Salix alba in Europe: distribution, habitat, usage and threats. In J. San-Miguel-Ayanz, D. de Rigo, G. Caudullo, T. H. Durrant, & A. Mauri (Eds.), European Atlas of Forest Tree Species | Ab Qayoom wani | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
467 | Kashmir | Nutritional/tonic | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The fruit is prepared as a recipe and consumed orally. | Flour preparation | Aleh | Bottle Gourd | Lagenaria siceraria | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Saeed, M., Khan, M. S., Amir, K., Bi Bi, J., Asif, M., Madni, A., Kamboh, A. A., Manzoor, Z., Younas, U., & Chao, S. (2022). Lagenaria siceraria fruit: A review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and promising traditional uses. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 927361. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.927361 | Haleema Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
468 | Kashmir | Culinary preparation | Traditional use: Bread making | Culinary preparation | Seeds are ground into flour and used in bread making. | Culinary benefits | Ganhar | Green amaranth | Amaranthaceae | 🟤 Brown | Not Applicable (N/A) | Onur, M., & Sezgin, A. C. (2024). The Use of The Ancient Amaranth (Amaranthus) Grain in Traditional Turkish Cuisine. Turkish Journal of Agriculture Food Science and Technology, 12(12), 2557–2570. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v12i12.2557-2570.7057 | Manzoor Ahmed ganie | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
469 | Kashmir | Nutritional support | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The fruit is incorporated into recipes and consumed for health benefits. | Raw / Cooking | Wangun | Brinjal | Solanum melongena | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Solanke, S. B., & Tawar, M. G. (2019). Phytochemical Information and Pharmacological Activities of Eggplant (Solanum Melongena L.): A Comprehensive Review. EAS Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 1(5), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.36349/EASJPP.2019.v01i05.001 | Rehana Bano | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
470 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Salad | Dietary supplement | The root is consumed directly or prepared into a dish for internal use. | Raw consumption | Mujjih | Turnip | Brassica rapa | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Fatima, A., Umbreen, S., Sadia, S., Waheed, M., Arshad, F., Malik, M. R., … Abd_Allah, E. F. (2024). Mitigation of salinity-induced adverse effects through exogenous application of gibberellic acid in turnip (Brassica rapa L.). Cogent Food & Agriculture, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2024.2392042 | Nighat | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
471 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Cattle fodder to increase milk | Milk production in cattle | The entire plant is eaten as a dietary supplement or traditional remedy. | Culinary | Dodej | Milk Thistle | lactuca serriola | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Adams County OSU Extension. (n.d.). Weed of The Week Prickly Lettuce (Lactuca serriola.). https://adams.osu.edu/sites/adams/files/imce/Ag_and_Natural_Resources/Week_of_the_week/Prickly%20Lettuce%20%201-10-22.pdf | M ramzan parry | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
472 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The fruit is included in recipes and consumed orally. | Cooking / Culinary | Pathir alleh | Meema Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
473 | Kashmir | Culinary use | Traditional use: Spice and recipe | Culinary use | The root is cooked into a recipe and consumed as a tonic. | Spice / Roasted | Gandeh | Onion | Allium cepa | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Kumar, K. P. S., Bhowmik, D., Chiranjib, B., Biswajit, B., & Tiwari, P. (2010). Allium cepa: A traditional medicinal herb and its health benefits. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2(1), 283–291. | Jana Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
474 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to control blood pressure | Hypertension | The root is used as a spice or roasted for culinary or medicinal purposes. | Powdering / Medicinal intake | Ruhun | Garlic | Allium sativum | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Zareena Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
475 | Kashmir | Culinary use | Traditional use: Making bread | Culinary use | The seeds are crushed into a powder and consumed for therapeutic purposes. | Culinary / Medicinal use | Kray | Zareena Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
476 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Traditional use: Pulses | Protein supplement | The seeds are included in recipes and taken as food or medicine. | Cooking | Rajma | Kidney beans | Phaseolus vulgaris L | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Najma | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
477 | Kashmir | Nutracetical | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The fruit is used in cooked recipes for its flavor and medicinal benefit. | Paste / Digestive aid | Ruwangan | Tomato | Solanum lycopersicum | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Joung, H. R., Gang, G., & Go, G. (2023). Lycopene and Cardiovascular Health: A Systematic Review Reveals Promising Benefits in Blood Pressure, Lipid Profiles, and Oxidative Stress. Food Engineering Progress, 27(4), 271–277. https://doi.org/10.13050/foodengprog.2023.27.4.271 | Mehbooba | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
478 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for diarrhoea in children | Childhood diarrhoea | Leaves are applied directly to the stomach area for digestive discomfort. | Direct topical | Tulkul | Mulberry | Mulberry | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Singh, R., Bagchi, A., Semwal, A., Kaur, S., & Sharma, A. (2013). Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Morus alba Linn.: A review. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 7(9), 461–469. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR012.1079 | Raja Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
479 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for skin allergy | Skin allergy | Sap is directly applied to affected skin areas for topical relief. | Culinary | Anjeer | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Son, J.-H., Jin, H., You, H.-S., Shim, W.-H., Kim, J.-M., Kim, G.-W., Kim, H.-S., Ko, H.-C., Kim, M.-B., & Kim, B.-S. (2017). Five Cases of Phytophotodermatitis Caused by Fig Leaves and Relevant Literature Review. Annals of Dermatology, 29(1), 86–90. https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2017.29.1.86 | Dilshada Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
480 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The leaves are used in recipes and consumed as part of the diet. | Culinary | Lesse | Love Lies Bleeding | Amaranthus caudatus | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Rehana | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
481 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | The beans are included in recipes and consumed for nutrition. | boiled | Bagle | Betle Beans | beetle beans | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Brough, S. H., Carpenter, K. J., & Nelson, A. I. (1986). Nutritional and Sensory Qualities of Phaseolus coccineus (Scarlet Runner) Beans. Journal of Food Science, 51(2), 481-483. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1986.tb11186.x | Sumaya | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
482 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy used as blood tonic | Anaemia, blood weakness | The fruit is consumed raw as part of a therapeutic diet. | Raw consumption | Alchi | Wild cherry | Prunus cerasus | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Saida begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
483 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal practice used as tonic | General weakness | The seeds are eaten raw for their medicinal value. | Raw Consumption | Kilmich | Viburnum Grandiflorum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Alam, S., Shah, M., Khan, H., & Khan, H. (2012). Evaluation of Viburnum grandiflorum for its in-vitro pharmacological screening. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 6(22), 1606–1609 | Liu, H., Zhang, H., Dang, M., Lin, Y., & Yan, H. (2021). Protective Effect of Viburnum grandiflorum against Ultraviolet-B Radiation-induced Cellular and Molecular Changes in Human Epidermal Keratinocytes. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 17(73), 200–206. | Meema Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
484 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for digestion | Indigestion | Seeds are directly consumed as traditional medicine. | Raw Consumption | Baid Yaani | Fennel | Foeniculum vulgare | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | oreen, S., Tufail, T., Ul Ain, H. B., & Awuchi, C. G. (2023). Pharmacological, nutraceutical, functional and therapeutic properties of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). International Journal of Food Properties, 26(1), 915-927. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2023.2192436 | Hilal Ahmad Bhat | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
485 | Kashmir | Culinary/nutritional use | Traditional food: Chips and vegetable | Culinary/nutritional use | The roots are fried or cooked as part of a recipe for ingestion. | Cooking | Alvi | Potato | Solanum Tuberosum | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Jana Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
486 | Kashmir | Culinary/nutritional use | Traditional food: Directly eaten | Nutritional support | Seeds are roasted and consumed for health benefits. | Roasting | Makei kul | Maize | Zea Mays | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Saida begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
487 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Cattle nutrition | The whole plant is consumed raw or cooked for nutritional or medicinal use. | Raw / Cooking | Shail gasse | Afroza Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
488 | Kashmir | Human health | Use as tonic | General tonic use | The fruit is eaten raw to benefit digestion and general health. | Raw Consumption | Glasse kul | Cherry | Prunus cerasus | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Connolly, D. A. J., McHugh, M. P., & Padilla-Zakour, O. I. (2006). Efficacy of a tart cherry juice blend in preventing the symptoms of muscle damage. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(8), 674–679.https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2005.025429 | Mymoona | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
489 | Kashmir | Industrial Applicability | Traditional use: Making broom | not having medicinal use | Stem and leaves are used directly in culinary preparations. | Culinary | Mazin kul | Amina Begum | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
490 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Animal fooder | Supliment | Claimed to be piosinous | — | Durham | witchgrass | Panicum Capillare | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Wu, H., Asaduzzaman, M., Shephard, A., & Ma, X. (2021). Seed Biology of Witchgrass (Panicum capillare L.) Ensures Its Success Under Different Environmental Conditions. Frontiers in Agronomy, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2021.657785 | M Ramzan parry | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
491 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Animal fodder | Livestock nutrition | Consumed raw for general wellness. | Raw Consumption | Kikar pann | M Ramzan parry | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
492 | Kashmir | Human | Traditional use: No known medicinal use | No therapeutic use | — | Kandi gasse | M Ramzan parry | Kohlina, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
493 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for diarrhoea | Diarrhoea | Cooked with added spices and consumed. | Cooking with Spices | Sochal | Common Mallow | Malva neglecta L | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concerned | Keyrouz, E., El Feghali, P. A. R., Jaafar, M., & Nawas, T. (2017). Malva neglecta: A natural inhibitor of bacterial growth and biofilm formation. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 11(24), 380-386. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2017.6422 | Mohammad Yousuf Bhat | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
494 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back pain | Back pain | Ground into powder or used in traditional bread. | Powder / Flour | Ganhar | green amaranth | Amaranthus viridis | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Shazia Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
495 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Not used | No therapeutic use | Aerial parts mixed with water and sprayed on vegetables as natural pest repellent. | Spray / Pest Control | Fakk gasse | Stinking Chamomile | Anthemis cotula L. | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Qasem, J. R. (2016). Allelopathy of Stinking Mayweed (Anthemis cotula L.): The Phenomenon and Experimentation. Allelopathy Journal, 37(1), 19-30. | Mohammad Ramzan Hajam | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
496 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: For animal grazing | Animal grazing | Eaten raw. | Raw Consumption | Drubb | Polygonum aviculare L | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Saida Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
497 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for blood purification, worms, piles, and mental clarity | Blood toxins, worms, piles, mental clarity | Prepared as soup and consumed. | Soup Preparation | Tathwain | Artimesia absenthium | 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Least Concern | Batiha, G. E. S., Al-Zuheir, E. M., Al-trad, B., Al-Thani, A. A., Al-Musaimi, O. A., & Wasef, L. G. (2020). Bioactive Compounds, Pharmacological Actions, and Pharmacokinetics of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium). Molecules, 25(12),2795. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122795 | Jeelani, S. M., Khan, F. A., Kumar, A., & Jan, R. A. (2017). The multidimensional therapeutic potential of Rumex nepalensis: A comprehensive review. Modern Phytomorphology, 11(1), 125-132. https://www.phytomorphology.com/articles/the-multidimensional-therapeutic-potential-of-rumex-nepalensis-a-comprehensive-review.pdf | Bissma Yousuf Bhat | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
498 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for bone and joint health | Bone and joint pain | Cooked with added spices for consumption. | Cooking with Spices | Hand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Raja Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
499 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for diabetes | Diabetes | Cooked with added spices for consumption. | Cooking with Spices | Abij | Nepal Dock | Rumex nepelensis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Jeelani, S. M., Khan, F. A., Kumar, A., & Jan, R. A. (2017). The multidimensional therapeutic potential of Rumex nepalensis: A comprehensive review. Modern Phytomorphology, 11(1), 125-132.https://www.phytomorphology.com/articles/the-multidimensional-therapeutic-potential-of-rumex-nepalensis-a-comprehensive-review.pdf | Rumaisa Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
500 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked with added spices for consumption. | Cooking with Spices | Gull | broadleaf plantain | Plantago major L | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Çiçek, H., Kaya, H. S., Kılıç, M., & Kiser, A. (2024). Pharmacological and Biochemical activities of plantago major L. Journal of Nutrition and Food Processing, 7(5). https://doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/215 | Gh Rasool Hajam | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
501 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for indigestion | Indigestion | Chewed directly for oral or digestive use. | Chewing | Chukchinne | Oxalis corniculata | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Gh Mohammad Ganie | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
502 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Grazing plant for animals | Animal grazing | Consumed raw or whole for nourishment. | Raw Consumption | Batakh lut | Trifolium pratense | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Least Concern | Saida Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
503 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Grazing plant for animals | Animal grazing | Consumed raw for health. | Raw Consumption | Muher Munj | Wild Carrot | daucus carota | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Al-Snafi, A. E. (2017). Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Daucus carota: A review. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, 7(1), 18-29. | Pasha, M. Y., Nazir, U., Zahra, B., Khaliq, N., Naeem, H., Aslam, N., ... & Mushtaq, M. (2024). Synergistic effects of carrot (Daucus carota L.) root and papaya (Carica papaya L.) extracts in combating inflammation and enhancing immune functions—A new perspective. Food Science & Nutrition, 12(7), e70313. | Sara Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
504 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for diarrhoea, belly pain, and spice use | Diarrhoea, abdominal pain, digestion | Dried, crushed, and stored as powder. | Dry / Powdering | Pudina | Mint | Mentha arvensis | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Thawkar, B., Jawarkar, A. G., Kalamkar, P. V., Pawar, K., & Kale, M. K. (2016). Phytochemical and pharmacological review of Mentha arvensis. International Journal of Green Pharmacy, 10(2), 71–76. https://doi.org/10.22377/ijgp.v10i2.643 | Rumaisa Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
505 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and mixed with spices before consumption. | Cooking with Spices | Kral mund | shepherd's purse | Capsella bursapastoris | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Łukaszyk, A., Kwiecień, I., & Szopa, A. (2024). Traditional Uses, Bioactive Compounds, and New Findings on Pharmacological, Nutritional, Cosmetic and Biotechnology Utility of Capsella bursa-pastoris. Nutrients, 16(24), 4390. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16244390 | Shakeela Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
506 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache | Toothache | Chewed directly to relieve internal ailments. | Chewing | Pahel gasse | Common Yarrow | Achillea Millefolium | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Ali, S., Gopalakrishnan, B., & Venkatesalu, V. (2017). Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Achillea millefolium L.: A Review. Phytotherapy Research, 31, 1140 - 1161. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5840. | Hafeeza Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
507 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain | Stomach pain | Consumed fresh as a dietary supplement. | Raw Consumption | Dach raath | Grapes | Vitis repanda | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Bisht, A., & Singh, S. P. (2024). A comprehensive review on the study of wines and their clinical effect on human health. Archives of Ecotoxicology, 6(2), 42-56. | Kulsooma Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
508 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for skin allergy | Skin allergy | Sap from stem is used directly for topical application. | Direct Topical | Dodej | Milk Thistle | lactuca serriola | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Vila, SÁnchez, Sanz, DIÉguez, MartÍnez, Palacios, & MartÍnez. (1998). Study of a case of hypersensitivity to lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 28(8), 1031-1035. | Mohammad Ramzan Hajam | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
509 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache, worms, and piles | Toothache, intestinal worms, piles | Peeled and chewed directly. | Peeling / Chewing | Gund soi | Nepeta cataria L | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Sharma, A., Nayik, G. A., & Cannoo, D. S. (2019). Pharmacology and toxicology of Nepeta cataria (Catmint) species of genus Nepeta: A review. Plant and Human Health, Volume 3: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Uses, 285-299. | Meema begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
510 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache | Toothache | Consumed directly by chewing. | Raw Chewing | Kech zand | Indigofera heterantha | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Rahman, T. U., Zeb, M. A., Liaqat, W., Sajid, M., Hussain, S., & Choudhary, M. I. (2018). Phytochemistry and pharmacology of genus Indigofera: A review. Records of Natural Products, 12(1), 1-13. | Kamseena Bano | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
511 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for belly pain | Abdominal pain | Chewed raw. | Raw Chewing | Shal lut | Asthmaweed | Conyza bonariensis | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | No Scientific Evidence | Bissma Yousuf | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
512 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain | Stomach pain | Chewed directly. | Raw Chewing | Vay | Rumaisa Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
513 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for joint pain | Joint pain | Used in herbal bathing practices. | Bathing / Decoction | Thol babul | Babuna | Cotula anthemoids L | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Refaey, M., Abouelela, M., El-Shoura, E., Alkhalidi, H., Fadil, S., Elhady, S., & Abdelhameed, R. (2022). In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cotula anthemoides Essential Oil and In Silico Molecular Docking of Its Bioactives. Molecules, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061994. | Gulaba Akhter | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
514 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache | Toothache | Seeds are applied directly to skin. | Topical | Datur | Thorn apple | Datura stramonium | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Sharma, M., Dhaliwal, I., Rana, K., Delta, A., & Kaushik, P. (2021). Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Datura Species—A Review. Antioxidants, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081291. | Jameela Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
515 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Boiled and then cooked before eating. | Boiling + Cooking | Razma | Kidney beans | Phaseolus vulgaris L | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Celmeli, T., Sari, H., Canci, H., Sari, D., Adak, A., Eker, T., & Toker, C. (2018). The Nutritional Content of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Landraces in Comparison to Modern Varieties. Agronomy. https://doi.org/10.3390/AGRONOMY8090166. | Shakeela Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
516 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and included in salad preparations. | Salad / Cooking | Al Kul | Guard | Lagenaria siceraria | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Saeed, M., Khan, M., Amir, K., Bi, J., Asif, M., Madni, A., Kamboh, A., Manzoor, Z., Younas, U., & Chao, S. (2022). Lagenaria siceraria fruit: A review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and promising traditional uses. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.927361. | Rumaisa Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
517 | Kashmir | Human | Traditional use: used as flour | Culinary use | Ground into flour for culinary uses. | Flour Making | Makai kul | Maiz | Zea Maize | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Euan-Pech, E., Chel-Guerrero, L., Rodríguez-Canto, W., Gallegos-Tintoré, S., & Betancur-Ancona, D. (2024). Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) and maize (Zea mays L.) flour mixtures for the development of healthy snacks. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2024.100985. | Rumaisa Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
518 | Kashmir | Human | Traditional use: Used as salad | Nutritional use | Consumed raw in salad. | Salad | Lar Kul | Cucumber | Cucumis sativus | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Javid, H., Fatima, U., Rukhsar, A., Hussain, S., Bibi, S., Bodlah, M., Shahzad, H., Dilshad, M., Waqas, M., & Sharif, A. (2024). Phytochemical, Nutritional and Medicinal Profile of Cucumis sativus L. (Cucumber). Food Science and Engineering. https://doi.org/10.37256/fse.5220244795. | Haneefa Aijaz | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
519 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and eaten. | Cooking | Aalwe | Potato | Solanum Tuberosum | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Sabuncu, M., Altıner, D., & Şahan, Y. (2025). In vitro biological activity and nutritional evaluation of purple potato (Solanum tuberosum L. var. Vitelotte). BMC Chemistry, 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01484-4. | Raja Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
520 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked before consumption. | Cooking | Raath wangun | Tomato | Solanum lycopersicum | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Perveen, R., Suleria, H., Anjum, F., Butt, M., Pasha, I., & Ahmad, S. (2015). Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Carotenoids and Lycopenes Chemistry; Metabolism, Absorption, Nutrition, and Allied Health Claims—A Comprehensive Review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 55, 919 - 929. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2012.657809. | Nafeesa bhat | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
521 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for constipation | Constipation | Dried and used as spice. | Dry / Spice Use | Baidan | Fennel | Foeniculum Vulgare | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Hamidpour, R., & Rashan, L. (2017). A Novel Natural Remedy for Mild and Chronic Constipation. Translational biomedicine, 8. https://doi.org/10.21767/2172-0479.100124. | Ali, R., Irfan, M., Akram, U., Vaince, M., Hassan, K., Maqsood, A., Aslam, A., Amaan, N., Qamar, A., & Memon, S. (2021). Efficacy of Natural Formulation Containing Activated Charcoal, Calcium Sennosides, Peppermint Oil, Fennel Oil, Rhubarb Extract, and Purified Sulfur (Nucarb®) in Relieving Constipation. Cureus, 13. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.18419. | Sheeraza Bano | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
522 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for skin allergy | Skin allergy | Applied to affected area for topical relief. | Topical | Anjeer | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Abe, T. (2020). Fig (Ficus carica L.) leaf tea suppresses allergy by acceleration disassembly of IgE-receptor complexes. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 84, 1013 - 1022. https://doi.org/10.1080/09168451.2020.1722608. | Haneefa Aijaz | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
523 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for constipation | Constipation | Cooked and used internally. | Cooking / Internal Use | Muj pater | Turnip | Brassica rapa | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Liu, W., Liu, Z., Fan, X., Li, D., Zhao, T., Niu, Y., Baima, Y., Wen, D., Li, B., & Huang, X. (2024). Brassica rapa L. polysaccharide mitigates hypobaric hypoxia-induced oxidation and intestinal damage via microbiome modulation. NPJ Science of Food, 8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41538-024-00365-9. | Gh Mohidin Hajam | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
524 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Animal fodder | Livestock nutrition | Consumed raw. | Raw Consumption | Bandtil | Masooda Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
525 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and eaten. | Cooking | Naramnur | Stellaria media.L Caryophyllaceae | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Singh, R., Chaudhary, M., & Chauhan, E. (2022). Stellaria media Linn.: A comprehensive review highlights the nutritional, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.38. | Zooni Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
526 | Kashmir | Nautral pestcide | Traditional use: Plant as rat repellent | Pest control | Cultivated in the field for use. | Agricultural | Mazaar mund | iris kashmiriana | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | No Scientific Evidence | Hilal Ahmed | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
527 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Consumed raw. | Raw Consumption | Haame gasse | Mohammad Ramzan | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
528 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Consumed raw. | Raw Consumption | Dudej | Milk Thistle | lactuca serriola | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No Scientific Evidence | Shareefa Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
529 | Kashmir | Human | Traditional use: Not used | No therapeutic use | Used for aromatic purposes. | Aromatic Use | Yenne | Horse Mint | Mentha longifolia | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Shahar, B., & Chongtham, N. (2023). Traditional uses and advances in recent research on wild aromatic plant Mentha longifolia and its pharmacological importance. Phytochemistry Reviews, 23, 529-550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-023-09896-7. | Shareefa Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
530 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy used as blood tonic | Anaemia / blood weakness | Consumed raw. | Raw Consumption | Chanch | thornless blackberry | Rubus ulmifolius | 🟤 Brown | Near Threatened | Schulz, M., Seraglio, S., Della Betta, F., Nehring, P., Valese, A., Daguer, H., Gonzaga, L., Costa, A., & Fett, R. (2019). Blackberry (Rubus ulmifolius Schott): Chemical composition, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity in two edible stages.. Food research international, 122, 627-634 . https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FOODRES.2019.01.034. | Fatima Jameel | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
531 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable and spice | Nutritional and digestive use | Dried for preservation. | Drying / Preservation | Mathi | Fenugreek | Trigonella foenum | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Srinivasan, K. (2006). Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): A Review of Health Beneficial Physiological Effects. Food Reviews International, 22, 203 - 224. https://doi.org/10.1080/87559120600586315. | Dhull, S., Chandak, A., Bamal, P., Malik, A., & Kidwai, M. (2021). Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): Nutritional, Health Properties and Food Uses. Fenugreek. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1197-1_10. | Raja Beum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
532 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked for consumption. | Cooking | Wast hakh | Redroot Pigweed | Amaranthus dubius | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Paredes, R., Monar, L., & Cañarte, P. (2023). Pharmacological study and nutritional value of Amaranthus dubius Mart. leaves (Bledo). Health Leadership and Quality of Life. https://doi.org/10.56294/hl2023228. | Ruth, O., Unathi, K., Nomali, N., & Chinsamy, M. (2021). Underutilization Versus Nutritional-Nutraceutical Potential of the Amaranthus Food Plant: A Mini-Review. Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11156879. | Naseema bano | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
533 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and consumed. | Cooking | Baagle kul | Beetle beans | Beetle beans | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Chiu, S. (1939). Nutritional Studies of the Confused Flour Beetle (Tribolium Confusum Duval) and the Bean Weevil [Acanthoscelides Obtectus (Say)]. Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 32, 164-170. https://doi.org/10.1093/AESA/32.1.164. | Kogan, M. (1971). Feeding and Nutrition of Insects Associated with Soybeans: 1. Growth and Development of the Mexican Bean Beetle, Epilachna varivestis, on Artificial Media. Annals of The Entomological Society of America, 64, 1044-1050. https://doi.org/10.1093/AESA/64.5.1044. | Kulsooma Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
534 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cough | Cough | Roasted or cooked before eating. | Roasting / Cooking | Bamchunth | quince apple | Cydonia oblonga | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | , T., Hussain, M., Muhammad, G., Raza, M., Ashraf, A., Haseeb, M., Mushtaq, M., & Shafiq, Z. (2024). A comprehensive review on phytochemistry, pharmacology, preclinical, and clinical trials of Cydonia oblonga. Phytochemistry Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-024-09946-8. | Fata Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
535 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and eaten. | Cooking | Nunner | Purslane | Portulaca oleracea | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Nemzer, B., Al-Taher, F., & Abshiru, N. (2020). Phytochemical composition and nutritional value of different plant parts in two cultivated and wild purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) genotypes.. Food chemistry, 320, 126621 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126621. | Mitroi, C. (2025). Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) - nutritional value and food uses. Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies. https://doi.org/10.59463/japt.2024.2.34. | Raja Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
536 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and eaten. | Cooking | Chogunder Hakh | Beet Root | Beta vulgaris | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Mzoughi, Z., Chahdoura, H., Chakroun, Y., Cámara, M., Fernández-Ruíz, V., Morales, P., Mosbah, H., Flamini, G., Snoussi, M., & Majdoub, H. (2019). Wild edible Swiss chard leaves (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla): Nutritional, phytochemical composition and biological activities.. Food research international, 119, 612-621 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.039. | Ninfali, P., & Angelino, D. (2013). Nutritional and functional potential of Beta vulgaris cicla and rubra.. Fitoterapia, 89, 188-99 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2013.06.004. | Tahira Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
537 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to control blood pressure | Hypertension | Roasted and eaten. | Roasting | Ruhun | Lesson | Allium sativum | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ali, A., Kouvari, M., Riaz, S., Naumovski, N., Liao, L., Khan, A., Khalid, W., Zeng, X., & Manzoor, M. (2023). Potential of Allium sativum in blood pressure control involves signaling pathways: A narrative review. Food Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.1002/fft2.289. | Rumaisa Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
538 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Used as spice | Culinary/digestive use | Ground for culinary or medicinal use. | Powdering | Danwal | Coriander | Coriandrum sativum L | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Póvoa, O., Farinha, N., Lopes, V., Machado, A., & Figueiredo, A. (2024). Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) from Alentejo (South Portugal)—Ethnobotany and Potential Industrial Use. Foods, 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13060929. | Nazima Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
539 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for joint pain | Joint pain | Ground and used for oil extraction. | Oil Extraction | Guliaftab | Sun flower | Helianthus annuus | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Suralkar, A. (2015). ANTI-ARTHRITIC POTENTIAL OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS IN LABORATORY ANIMALS. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 8, 53-57. | Shakeela Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
540 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for diabetes | Diabetes | Chewed after washing. | Chewing | Faram Gogud | Bissma Yousuf | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
541 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy used as tonic | General weakness | Eaten fresh. | Fresh Eating | Tulkul | Mulberry | Mulberry | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Shi, Y. C., Fu, Q., Wang, S. D., Chen, Z. J., Wang, S. Y., Luo, W. X., ... & Xiao, Y. H. (2021). Clinical experience of treating diabetes and its complications with mulberry plants by Chinese medicine master Lv Ren-he. Journal of Hainan Medical University, 27(13). | Adfar Ahad | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
542 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for stomach ulcer | Gastric ulcer | Consumed fresh or dried. | Fresh / Dried | Kilmish | Viburnum Grandiflorum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | No Scientific Evidence | Ishrat Bano | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
543 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for joint pain | Joint pain | Boiled in water and used for bathing. | Decoction / Bathing | Kalyouth | Prunella vulgaris | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Kim, J., Lee, C., Hwang, S., Yun, S., Uprety, L., Oh, K., Singh, S., Yoo, J., Jeong, H., Yong, Y., Yeo, S., Park, E., & Jeong, S. (2022). Anti-Osteoarthritic Effects of Prunella Vulgaris and Gentiana Lutea In Vitro and In Vivo. Antioxidants, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010047. | Gh Nabi Najar | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
544 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal treatment for diabetes | Diabetes | Consumed fresh or dried. | Fresh / Dried | Kawdach | Berberis lycium Royle | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Zaib, M., Sharif, A., Akhtar, B., Khan, H., Akhtar, M., Hassan, W., Razzaq, F., Nawaz, S., & Qaisar, N. (2020). Berberis lycium Royle. extracts attenuate inflammation and modulates hyperglycemia in alloxan induced diabetic rats.. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 33 4(Supplementary), 1805-1813 . | Ahmed, M., Sharif, T., Zabta, M., & Akbar, A. (2009). Effect of Berberis lycium Royle on Lipid Profile in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rabbits. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 2009, 4. | Bissma Yousuf | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
545 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and consumed. | Cooking | Lisseh | Red Amaranth | Amaranthus spinosus L. | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Sarker, U., & Oba, S. (2019). Nutraceuticals, antioxidant pigments, and phytochemicals in the leaves of Amaranthus spinosus and Amaranthus viridis weedy species. Scientific Reports, 9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50977-5. | Sarker, U., Oba, S., Ullah, R., Bari, A., Ercişli, S., Škrovánková, S., Adámková, A., Zvonková, M., & Mlček, J. (2024). Nutritional and bioactive properties and antioxidant potential of Amaranthus tricolor, A. lividus, A viridis, and A. spinosus leafy vegetables. Heliyon, 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30453. | Raja Begum | Bandi Payeen, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
546 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in traditional cooking recipes. | Traditional Recipe | Nunner | Purslane | Portulaca oleracea L. Portulaceae | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Srivastava, R., Srivastava, V., & Singh, A. (2021). Multipurpose Benefits of an Underexplored Species Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.): A Critical Review. Environmental Management, 72, 309 - 320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-021-01456-z. | Lia, Y., Xiao, L., Yan, H., Wu, M., Hao, X., & Liu, H. (2023). Nutritional values, bioactive compounds and health benefits of purslane ( Portulaca oleracea L.): a comprehensive review. Food Science and Human Wellness. https://doi.org/10.26599/fshw.2022.9250203. | Sara begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
547 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in culinary preparations. | Culinary Preparation | Naramnur | Stellaria media.L Caryophyllaceae | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Singh, R., Chaudhary, M., & Chauhan, E. (2022). Stellaria media Linn.: A comprehensive review highlights the nutritional, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.38. | Abdul salaam bhat | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
548 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for diabetes and fat loss | Diabetes, obesity | Used directly for medicinal purposes. | Direct Medicinal Use | Tathwain | Artemisia absinthium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Neagu, E., Paun, G., Albu, C., Apreutesei, O., & Radu, G. (2023). In Vitro Assessment of the Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia vulgaris and Trigonella foenum-graecum Extracts Processed Using Membrane Technologies. Molecules, 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28207156. | Hassan, M., Niazi, A., Khan, S., & Gul, F. (2018). Antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Artemisia absinthium L., Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. and Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm. on type II diabetes hyperlipidemic patients. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 17, 233-239. | Fatima begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
549 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Included in recipes for healing foods. | Healing Recipes | Lisse hakh | Red Amaranth | Amaranthus spinosus L. | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Ganjare, A., & Raut, N. (2019). Nutritional and medicinal potential of Amaranthus spinosus. . | Sarker, U., & Oba, S. (2019). Nutraceuticals, antioxidant pigments, and phytochemicals in the leaves of Amaranthus spinosus and Amaranthus viridis weedy species. Scientific Reports, 9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50977-5. | Rafiqa begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
550 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in cooking recipes. | Cooking | Kral mund | shepherd's purse | Capsella bursa-pastoris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Riaz, I., Bibi, Y., Ahmad, N., Nisa, S., & Qayyum, A. (2021). Evaluation of nutritional, phytochemical, antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of Capsella bursa-pastoris, a wild vegetable from potohar region of Pakistan. Kuwait Journal of Science. https://doi.org/10.48129/kjs.v48i3.9562. | Aamina begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
551 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as fodder for animals. | Animal Feed | Durhaam | witchgrass | Panicum Capillare | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Majeed, M., Bhatti, K. H., Amjad, M. S., Abbasi, A. M., Bussmann, R. W., Nawaz, F., ... & Ahmad, K. S. (2020). Ethno-veterinary uses of Poaceae in Punjab, Pakistan. PloS one, 15(11), e0241705. | Tyagi, V. C., Vijayakumar, S., Bagavathiannan, M., Govindasamy, P., & Chander, S. (2025). Harnessing johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense): Turning a weed into a resource. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 57(1), 16-26. | Mushtaq Ahmad | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
552 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for diarrhoea | Diarrhoea | Used to treat children's loose motion. | Pediatric Treatment | Gand soi | Catnip | Nepeta cataria L. | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Sharma, A., Nayik, G. A., & Cannoo, D. S. (2019). Pharmacology and toxicology of Nepeta cataria (Catmint) species of genus Nepeta: A review. Plant and Human Health, Volume 3: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Uses, 285-299. | Sara begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
553 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Included in cooked meals. | Cooking | Sarf daid | Abdul salaam | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
554 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for leg pain | Leg pain | Applied for leg pain. | Topical | Fakk gasse | Stinking Chamomile | Anthemis cotula | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Schulz, V., Hänsel, R., Blumenthal, M., & Tyler, V. E. (2004). Skin, Trauma, Rheumatism, and Pain. In Rational Phytotherapy: A Reference Guide for Physicians and Pharmacists (pp. 333-368). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. | Irshad Ahmad | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
555 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in traditional recipes. | Cooking | Sochal | Common Mallow | Malva sylvestris | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Ozturk, H., Nas, H., Ekinci, M., Turan, M., Ercişli, S., Narmanlioğlu, H., Yıldırım, E., Assouguem, A., Almeer, R., Sayed, A., & Peluso, I. (2022). Antioxidant Activity, Phenolic Composition, and Hormone Content of Wild Edible Vegetables. Horticulturae. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8050427. | Fatima begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
556 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal feed. | Animal Feed | Khand gasse | Bakhti begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
557 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal feed. | Animal Feed | Yagermanj gasse | Gh Mohd. Chopan | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
558 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Included in food recipes. | Cooking | Hand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Guarrera, P., & Savo, V. (2016). Wild food plants used in traditional vegetable mixtures in Italy.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 185, 202-34 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.050. | Adnan, A., Navia, Z., Jamil, M., & Suwardi, A. (2023). The diversity and traditional knowledge of wild edible vegetables in Aceh, Indonesia. Ethnobotany Research and Applications. https://doi.org/10.32859/era.26.49.1-16. | Zoona Begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
559 | Kashmir | Animal | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used for animal feeding. | Animal Nutrition | Marche wangan gasse | polygonum Hydropiper | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Kazancı, C., Oruç, S., & Mosulishvili, M. (2021). Ethnoveterinary and fodder plants used among transhumant communities around Georgia-Turkey border, in the Western Lesser Caucasus. Ethnobotany Research and Applications. https://doi.org/10.32859/ERA.21.28.1-26. | Mohd.Akbar | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
560 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache and burn scars | Toothache, burn scars | Roots chewed for tooth pain; leaves for burn scars. | Topical / Chewing | Fagir gasse | Naseem begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
561 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as fodder. | Animal Feed | Pinhach | Sara begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
562 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in culinary recipes. | Culinary | Gulaal Hakh | Ab salaam bhat | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
563 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and eaten. | Cooking | Abij | Nepal Dock | Rumex acetosa | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Ceccanti, C., Landi, M., Incrocci, L., Pardossi, A., & Guidi, L. (2020). Suitability of Hydroponically-Grown Rumex acetosa L. as Fresh-Cut Produce. Horticulturae, 6, 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae6010004. | Tara begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
564 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked in traditional dishes. | Traditional Dishes | Drubb | Polygonum aviculare L | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Yu, Y., Liu, G., Piao, M., Lang, M., Wang, Y., Jin, M., Li, G., & Zheng, M. (2022). Chemical constituents of Polygonum aviculare L. and their chemotaxonomic significance. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2022.104529. | Tahira begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
565 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in medicinal recipes. | Medicinal Recipe | Kunne | Kashmir Elder | Sambucus Wightiana | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Liu, D., He, X., Li, H., Feng, Y., Zou, L., & Gan, R. (2022). Elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.): Bioactive Compounds, Health Functions, and Applications.. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00010. | Sara begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
566 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and used. | Cooking | Alvi hakh | Aabida salaam | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
567 | Kashmir | Human | Traditional use: Spice | Culinary/digestive use | Used as spice in food. | Spice Use | Baidan | fennel | Foeniculum Vulgare | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Rather, M., Dar, B., Sofi, S., Bhat, B., & Qurishi, M. (2016). Foeniculum vulgare: A comprehensive review of its traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ARABJC.2012.04.011. | Saja begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
568 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Spice | Culinary/digestive use | Used in cooking as a spice. | Culinary Spice | Footnne | Mint | Mentha arvensis | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | (2021). BIOACTIVE POTENTIAL OF CULTIVATED MENTHA ARVENSIS L. FOR PRESERVATION AND PRODUCTION OF HEALTH-ORIENTED FOOD. The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences. https://doi.org/10.36899/japs.2022.3.0484. | Mohd. Shaban chopan | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
569 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for tooth pain | Toothache | Roots are chewed for tooth pain relief. | Chewing | Pahel gasse | Common Yarrow | Achillea Millefolium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Ali, S., Gopalakrishnan, B., & Venkatesalu, V. (2017). Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Properties of Achillea millefolium L.: A Review. Phytotherapy Research, 31, 1140 - 1161. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5840. | Ab. Ahad | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
570 | Kashmir | Human | Edible vegetable for winter | Seasonal nutrition | Used in recipes. | Culinary | Daid | bird's-nest ferns | Asplenium sp | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Xiangyu, H. (2012). Nutritional Evaluation of Asplenium nidus L.Leaves from Hainan Island. Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops. | Raja begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
571 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Included in cooking. | Culinary | Pinketch | Mohd. Shaban | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
572 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for pimples | Pimples/acne | Applied for pimples. | Topical | Kakudaid | Sara begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
573 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Included in recipes. | Culinary | Krech | Jana begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
574 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Included in cooking. | Cooking | Lisse | Red Amaranth | Amaranthus spinosus L. | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Sarker, U., Oba, S., Ullah, R., Bari, A., Ercişli, S., Škrovánková, S., Adámková, A., Zvonková, M., & Mlček, J. (2024). Nutritional and bioactive properties and antioxidant potential of Amaranthus tricolor, A. lividus, A viridis, and A. spinosus leafy vegetables. Heliyon, 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30453. | Saja begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
575 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal feed. | Animal Feed | Sarfi yanger munj | Ab. Rasheed | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
576 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for pimples | Pimples/acne | Used for treating pimples. | Topical | Kalyouth | Prunella valgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Bai, Y., Xia, B., Xie, W., Zhou, Y., Xie, J., Li, H., Liao, D., Lin, L., & Li, C. (2016). Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of the genus Prunella.. Food chemistry, 204, 483-96 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.047. | Shamali begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
577 | Kashmir | Human | Traditional use: Used in popcorn preparation | Culinary use | Used in making popcorn. | Roasting | Ganhar | Green amaranth | Amaranthaceae | 🟤 Brown | Sharma, A., Dwivedi, S., Devi, J., Gupta, N., Rai, N., Behera, T., & Sagar, V. (2025). Botany, ethnomedicine, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Amaranthus spp.- a review. South African Journal of Botany. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2025.01.030. | Mohd Ashraf | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
578 | Kashmir | Industrial Applicability | Traditional craft: Used in kangri making | Craft utility | Used in traditional Kangri-making. | Craft / Traditional | Pachkani | Mohd Shaban | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
579 | Kashmir | Animla Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal feed. | Animal Feed | Khaseel | Irshad Ahmad | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
580 | Kashmir | Animal health | Ethnoveterinary use: Promotes animal growth | Growth promotion in livestock | Considered essential for animal growth. | Animal Nutrition | Mishzabh | Gh. Mohd. Chopan | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
581 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Highly valuable grass for animal nutrition. | Animal Feed | Gandam gund | Salaam begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
582 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Included in traditional dishes. | Traditional Dishes | Wast hakh | Redroot Pigweed | Amaranthus dubius | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ogie-Odia, E., Mensah, J., Ehilen, O., & Eseigbe, D. (2022). Nutrient, Mineral and Phytochemical Properties of Selected Underutilized Amaranthus Vegetable Species in Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology. https://doi.org/10.4314/njb.v38i1.1s. | Rehana begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
583 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for diabetes | Diabetes | Used in food preparation. | Food Preparation | Gul hakh | Broadleaf plantain | Plantago lanceolata | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Kadı, A., Öner, S., Yuca, H., Arslan, M., Atila, A., Incekara, Ü., & Karakaya, S. (2025). Integrative Study of Plantago lanceolata L.: Phytochemical Properties and Therapeutic Effects on Cancer, Diabetes, and Alzheimer's Disease.. Natural product research, 1-11 . https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2025.2469311. | Fatima begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
584 | Kashmir | Animal | Ethnoveterinary use: Promotes animal growth | Growth promotion in livestock | Fed to animals. | Animal Feed | Charre saban | Scarlet Pimpernel | Anagallis arvensis | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Not Documented | Saja begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
585 | Kashmir | Animal Use | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal grass. | Animal Feed | Batgule | Mohd shaban | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
586 | Kashmir | Animal use | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal fodder. | Animal Feed | Cheergasse | Gh. Rasool | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
587 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and consumed. | Cooking | Chogander hakh | Beet Root | Beta vulgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Ninfali, P., & Angelino, D. (2013). Nutritional and functional potential of Beta vulgaris cicla and rubra.. Fitoterapia, 89, 188-99 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2013.06.004. | Gh mohd bhat | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
588 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for inflammation (anti-inflammatory) | Inflammation | Postpartum bath for women. | Decoction / Bathing | Thol babul | Babona | Cotula anthemoids L | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Refaey, M., Abouelela, M., El-Shoura, E., Alkhalidi, H., Fadil, S., Elhady, S., & Abdelhameed, R. (2022). In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cotula anthemoides Essential Oil and In Silico Molecular Docking of Its Bioactives. Molecules, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061994. | Saja begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
589 | Kashmir | Animal | Edible plant used as fooder | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal feed. | Animal Feed | Kaachgasse | Sara begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
590 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for joint pain | Joint pain | Considered vital for livestock health. | Animal Nutrition | Halun | Asparagus filicinus Buch | 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient | Ab. Salaam bhat | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
591 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Regarded essential for animals. | Animal Nutrition | Batak lut | Red Clover | Trifolium pratense | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Mushtaq Ahmad | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
592 | Kashmir | Animal | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Fed to cattle. | Animal Feed | Yenne | Mentha longifolia | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Molefe, N. I., Tsotetsi, A. M., Ashafa, A. O. T., & Thekisoe, O. M. M. (2012). In vitro anthelmintic effects of Artemisia afra and Mentha longifolia against parasitic gastro-intestinal nematodes of livestock. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 7(3), 170–175. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v7i3.11437 | Raja begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
593 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Fed to animals. | Animal Feed | Shal lut | Conyza canadensis | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | CABI. (n.d.). Conyza canadensis (Canadian fleabane). In CABI Compendium. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.15251 | Ab. Qadoos bhat | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
594 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in cooking recipes. | Culinary | Handh | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Kania-Dobrowolska M, Baraniak J. Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) as a Source of Biologically Active Compounds Supporting the Therapy of Co-Existing Diseases in Metabolic Syndrome. Foods. 2022 Sep 15;11(18):2858. doi: 10.3390/foods11182858. PMID: 36140985; PMCID: PMC9498421. | Fatima begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
595 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for tooth pain | Toothache | Used for tooth pain and hair fall. | Multi-purpose (Topical + Oral) | Datur | Thorn apple | Datura stramonium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Acute poisoning due to ingestion of Datura stramonium – a case report. (2017). Romanian Journal of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 24(1), 73–76. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5555431/ | Taja begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
596 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for pimples | Acne / skin pimples | Used for washing the face. | Facial Application | Krediapann | Zoona behum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
597 | Kashmir | Human | Traditional use: Fruit | General nutrition | Consumed directly. | Raw Consumption | Kawdach | Berberis lycium Royle | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | An Overview on Various Aspects of Plant Berberis Lycium Royale. (n.d.). American Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(1), 38–41. Retrieved from https://pubs.sciepub.com/ajps/6/1/4/index.html | Mohd. Yousaf | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
598 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for tooth pain | Toothache | Used for brushing teeth. | Dental Hygiene | Soi | Netle | Urtica dioica L | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Irshad Ahmad | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
599 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as cattle fodder. | Animal Feed | Kalcuchur | Saleema begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
600 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in food recipes. | Culinary | Alli handh | Sara begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
601 | Kashmir | Craft | Traditional craft material for making kangri and buckets | Craft utility | Used to make Kashmiri Kangri and traditional buckets. | Craft | Kaache | Mohd Ramazan Ganie | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
602 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Taken as raw fruits | General nutrition | Eaten directly by humans. | Raw Consumption | Anjeer | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Mohammad, H. K., & Alzweiri, M. (2022). Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Ficus carica latex: A systematic review. Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, 31(2), 81–96. https://doi.org/10.5246/jcps.2022.02.007 | Mushtaq Ahmad | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
603 | Kashmir | Human | Traditional use: Wooden pen source | Craft utility | Used to make wooden writing pens. | Craft | Narkon | Sara begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
604 | Kashmir | Pest control | Traditional use: Rat repellent | Pest control | Burned or placed near seeds to repel rats. | Pest Repellent | Mazar mund | Iris kashmiriana | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Ab salaam bhat | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
605 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Fed to animals. | Animal Feed | Svch kul | Mushtaq Ahmad | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
606 | Kashmir | Human | Herbal remedy for cold and pimples | Cold and acne | Used in winter to treat pimples. | Topical | Cheer gasse | Raja begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
607 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal fodder. | Animal Feed | Dodej | Milk Thistle | lactuca serriola | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Fatima begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
608 | Kashmir | Animal | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Fed to animals. | Animal Feed | March wangan gasse | polygonum Hydropiper | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Rafeeqa begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
609 | Kashmir | Human | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in food recipes. | Culinary | Charri handh | Sara begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
610 | Kashmir | Animal | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal feed. | Animal Feed | Poosh gasse | Ab salaam bhat | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
611 | Kashmir | Animal | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal food. | Animal Feed | Shail Gasse | Mushtaq Ahmad | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
612 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used to cure general weakness. | Culinary / Nutritional | Durhaam | Witchgrass | Panicum Capillare | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Clements, D. R., Weise, S. F., & Swanton, C. J. (2004). The biology of Canadian weeds. 127. Panicum capillare L.Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 84(1), 115-132. | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
613 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Cooked and eaten. | Cooking | Muhur mund | Wild Carrot | daucus carota | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | El Gindy, A. E. A., Aboud, A. H., El-Sayed, M. A., Darwish, M., & Darwish, M. H. (2017). Evaluation of the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and beneficial health effects of Daucus carota L. seeds. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 7(01), 010-016. | Taja begum | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
614 | Kashmir | Culinary use | Traditional use: Culinary spice | Culinary use | Used in food as spice. | Spice Use | Dainwal | coriander | Coriandrum sativum L | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ahmad, R., Iqbal, N., Ashraf, M., Khan, B. A., Muhammad, D., & Shahid, S. (2022). Chemical Composition of Fresh Leaves Headspace Aroma and Essential Oils of Four Coriander Cultivars. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 25(1),118-129. | Irshad Ahmad | Kachwa Muqam, Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
615 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy used to treat frostbite | Frostbite | Boiled and used as foot soak. | Foot Soak / Decoction | Thulbabil | Babuna | Cotula anthemoids L | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ganie, A. H., Khan, M. I., Hassan, S., Hassan, G., Shah, A. H., & Fazili, Y. (2013). An ethnobotanical study in Budgam district of Kashmir valley: An attempt to explore and document traditional knowledge of the area. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 4(1), 201-204. | Mahrideen ktri | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
616 | Kashmir | Human | Seeds used for toothache treatment | Toothache | Ground into powder and used on cavities or tooth pain. | Powder / Topical | Datur | Thorn apple | Datura stramonium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ansari, Z. A., Abbas, Z., Shah, T. U., Ashraf, M., Khan, B. A., & Muhammad, D. (2021). Phytochemistry, Pharmacology,and Toxicology of Datura Species—A Review. Antioxidants, 10(8), 1291. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081291 | mariam Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
617 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to clean stomach | Digestive cleanse | Boiled and consumed on empty stomach. | Oral Decoction | Tathwain | Artimesia absenthium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | mariam Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||
618 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Eaten as fruit | General health | Ripe fruit eaten or made into jam. | Jam or Juice | Chanch | thornless blackberry | Rubus ulmifolius | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Mehiou, A., Alla, C., Akissi, Z. L. E., Lucau-Danila, A., Bouanani, N., Legssyer, A., Jean-Louis, H., Sahpaz, S., & ZIYYAT, A. (2024). Rubus ulmifolius Schott: A comprehensive review of its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological effects. Journal of Berry Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/18785093241283261 | gulshan begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
619 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for weakness and cancer | Weakness and cancer support | Consumed ripe. | Raw Consumption | Anjeer | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Tanzeela akther | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
620 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for injuries | Injury/wound care | Ground to paste and used on injury site. | Paste / Topical | Kalvloth | common self-heal, heal-all, woundwort | Prunella valgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Pan J, Wang H, Chen Y. Prunella vulgarisL. - A Review of its Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Quality Control and Pharmacological Effects. Front Pharmacol. 2022 Jun 23;13:903171. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903171. PMID: 35814234; PMCID: PMC9261270. | Tanzeela akther | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
621 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Eaten as food | Nutritional use | Made into curry or used in tea. | Tea / Curry | Cxeer Kul | Common Cocklebur | Xanthium strumarium | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Parveen, Z., Mazhar, S., Siddique, S., Manzoor, A., & Ali, Z. (2017). Chemical Composition and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil from Xanthium strumarium L. Leaves. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 79(2), 316–321. https://doi.org/10.4172/pharmaceutical-sciences.1000232 | freeda begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
622 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible vegetable for pregnant women | Postpartum nutrition | Fresh leaves are cooked. | Cooking | Wari Haand | Spanish | Lentinus tigrinus | ⚫ Black | Suriya begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
623 | Kashmir | Ornamental p | Traditional use: Used in parks | Ornamental plant | Roots dug out and propagated. | Propagation | Drub Ghases | Polygonum aviculare L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Shafeeqa begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||
624 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Herbal medications to taxicity | Toxicity in horses | Consumed by sipping. | Drinking | Batak Lyunt | Red Clover | Trifolium pratense | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Suriya begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
625 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain | Stomach pain | Consumed fresh. | Raw Consumption | wanwagun | Podophyllum hexandrum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Endangered | Anmol, Aggarwal, G., Sharma, M., Singh, R., Shivani, & Sharma, U. (2023). Ethnopharmacologically important highly subsidized Indian medicinal plants: Systematic review on their traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, quality control, conservation status and future prospective. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 299, 117385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.117385 | Mohammad Shareef deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
626 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cancer | Cancer support | Cooked as edible vegetable. | Culinary | Tsochal | Common Mallow | Malva neglecta L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Akkol, E. K., Karpuz, B., Türkcanoğlu, G., Coşgunçelebi, F. G., Taştan, H., Aschner, M., Khatkar, A., & Sobarzo-Sánchez, E. (2022). The Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activity of Malva neglecta Wallr. in Surgically Induced Endometriosis Model in Rats. Molecules, 27(22), 7869. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227869 | Mohammad Shareef deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
627 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal bath for postpartum healing and pain | Postpartum pain relief | Boiled in water for washing. | Decoction / Washing | Kecx Kul | Himalayan Indigo | Indigofera heterantha | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Uddin, G., Rehman, T. U., Arfan, M., & Choudhary, M. I. (2011). In-vitro pharmacological investigations of aerial parts of Indigofera heterantha. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(24), 5750–5753. | GH DIN KATARI | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
628 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Increases milk yield in cows | Milk production in cows | Given raw to cows. | Animal Feed | Durham | witchgrass | Panicum Capillare | ⚫ Black | No Paper | Gh uddin deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
629 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for gut health | Digestive health | Used as decoction. | Decoction | Kunn | Kashmir Elder | Sambucus Wightiana | ⚫ Black | Least Concern | Wang, Q., Li, W., Yang, H., Wang, J., Liu, J., Zhu, Y., & Wei, R. (2022). Ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of the genus Sambucus L. (Viburnaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 289, 115102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115102 | Gh uddin deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
630 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in traditional food recipe. | Traditional Cooking | Doon Kul | Walnut | Juglans Regia | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Zaytoona begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
631 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for knee, joint pain, and weakness | Joint pain, weakness | Boiled and made into paste for topical use. | Paste / Topical | Hand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Marbee Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
632 | Kashmir | Traditional use: Used to clean house | Household cleaning | Consumed as green vegetables. | Cooking | Mishri Grass | Sweet Cherry | Prunus Avium | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Hussain, S., Javed, M., Abid, M. A., Khan, M. A., Syed, S. K., Faizan, M., & Feroz, F. (2021). Prunus Avium L.; Phytochemistry, Nutritional and Pharmacological Review. Advances in Life Sciences, 8(4), 307–314. | Bali begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
633 | Kashmir | Traditional use: Consumed as food | Nutritional support | Boiled and used in cooking. | Cooking | Ganhar | green amaranth | Amaranthaceae | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Achigan-Dako, E. G., Fanou, N., N’Danikou, S., Fassinou, F. V., & Vodouhè, S. R. (2010). Ethnobotanical survey of traditional leafy vegetables in Benin. Acta Horticulturae, 877, 305–312. | Bali begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
634 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional herb for hair growth | Hair loss | Ground into paste for topical application. | Paste / Topical | Kukli port | Cuscuta reflexa | Cuscuta reflexa | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Javid Ahmad deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
635 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to boost energy | Weakness / energy deficiency | Boiled and made into paste and applied. | Boiling + Paste | Meethi | Fenugreek | Trigunella Fuenum Graecum | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Abdul Aziz Jinder | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
636 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for throat cancer | Throat cancer | Ground into powder and added to recipe. | Powder / Recipe | Pran | Onion | Allium cepa var. prolliferum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Javid Ahmad deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
637 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Boiled and used in recipes. | Cooking | Wast Hak | Redroot Pigweed | Amaranthus dubius | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Achigan-Dako, E. G., Fanou, N., N’Danikou, S., Fassinou, F. V., & Vodouhè, S. R. (2010). Ethnobotanical survey of traditional leafy vegetables in Benin. Acta Horticulturae, 877, 305–312. | Gh Nabi Shiekh | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
638 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for heart pain, fever, and pregnancy-related symptoms | Cardiac pain, fever, postpartum care | Made into jam, pickle, or burned and eaten. | Multi-purpose | Bamchoonth | Quince apple | Cydonia oblonga | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Khoubnasabjafari, M., & Jouyban, A. (2011). A review of phytochemistry and bioactivity of quince (Cydonia oblongaMill.). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(16), 3589–3597. | Ghulam din deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
639 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for kidney and stone pain | Kidney stones | Boiled in water and consumed. | Decoction | Mushk Bala | Smooth Catmint | Nepeta laevigata | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | No Scientific Evidence | Ghulam din deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
640 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for cancer and cleaning compound | Cancer support / utility | Boiled 10 minutes, mixed with milk, and eaten. | Milk Mix / Oral | Songal Tea | GH uddin Deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
641 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cough | Cough | Picked, ground into paste, and used. | Paste | Musloon Roots | Bistorta amplexicaulis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Pourová, J., Dias, P., Pour, M., Fialová, B., Czigle, S., Nagy, M., Tóth, J., Balázs, V., Horváth, A., Csikós, E., Farkas, Á., Horváth, G., & Mladěnka, P. (2023). Proposed mechanisms of action of herbal drugs and their biologically active constituents in the treatment of coughs: an overview. PeerJ, 11. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.16096. | Pathani Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
642 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back pain | Back pain | Made into paste | Paste | Ratan Joot | Meadow Geranium | Geranium pretense L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No Scientific Evidence | meraj din katari | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
643 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach and sugar pain | Indigestion and diabetes | Made into paste, boiled in water, and consumed. | Paste / Oral | Patrees | Greenish Himalayan Monkshood | Aconitum heterophyllum | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Endangered | Talreja, S., & Tiwari, S. (2023). A comprehensive review of Aconitum heterophyllum. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences, 8(10), 195-201. | Haleema Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
644 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for black cough | Whooping cough | Ground into small pieces for use. | Dry / Powder Use | Banhota | Jalal Din Sheikh | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
645 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for diabetic pain | Diabetic neuropathy | Picked and boiled in water, then used with rice. | Boiling + Rice Use | Khori Jodi Root | Lal din deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
646 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain and headache | Stomach ache and headache | Powdered and mixed with warm oil, applied externally. | Powder + Oil | Choro | Angelica glauca | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Endangered | Sarker, S. D., & Nahar, L. (2004). Natural medicine: the genus Angelica. Current medicinal chemistry, 11(11), 1479-1500. | Fareeda Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
647 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for children's tooth pain | Pediatric toothache | Boiled and used for washing. | Washing / Decoction | Zeher Ka Phool | Nazera begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
648 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for pneumonia and cold | Pneumonia, cold | Boiled in water and consumed. | Decoction | Landi | Cynoglossum lanceolatum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | No Scientific Evidence | matwali deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
649 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach and general body pain | Stomach & body pain | Boiled, made into paste, and added to food. | Cooking | Bhodi aye Jaddi | No Scientific Evidence | rashma Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||
650 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to boost energy and relieve body pain | Fatigue & body ache | Made into paste and used in cooking vegetables. | Cooking | Khafal soduto | hameeda begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
651 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for joint and back pain | Joint & back pain | Ground to powder, boiled with rice and ghee, then eaten. | Traditional Cooking | Mameek | Paeonia Emodi | Paeonia Emodi | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Zahra, N., Iqbal, J., Arif, M., Abbasi, B. A., Sher, H., Nawaz, A. F., ... & Calina, D. (2023). A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle: current landscape and future perspectives. Chinese medicine, 18(1), 23. | Haneefa Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
652 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for bee sting wounds | Bee sting / insect bite | Rubbed on affected skin to relieve itching and inflammation. | Topical | Ubaj | Nepal Dock | Rumex nepelensis | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Shaikh, S., Shriram, V., Srivastav, A., Barve, P., & Kumar, V. (2018). A critical review on Nepal Dock (Rumex nepalensis): A tropical herb with immense medicinal importance. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 11(7), 405-414. | Sharma, G., Poudel, P., Thapa, R., Lamichhane, S., Paudel, H. R., Devkota, H. P., ... & Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y. (2021). Rumex nepalensis Spreng. Rumex hastatus D. Don Rumex longifolius DC. Polygonaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Himalayas (pp. 1-19). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Mymoona begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
653 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wounds | Wounds | Ground and made into paste for external use. | Paste / Topical | Pamb Hak | Indian Rhubarb | Rheum webbiana | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Thakur, M. (2024). Rhubarb (Rheum sp.): A Rare and Endangered Medicinal Plant of the Himalayas. In Advances in Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (pp. vol2-241). Apple Academic Press. | Tabin, S., Gupta, R. C., Kamili, A. N., & Parray, J. A. (2022). Medical and medicinal importance of Rheum spp. collected from different altitudes of the Kashmir Himalayan range. Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports, 2(3), 187-201. | Nazira begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
654 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain and indigestion | Indigestion & stomach pain | Added to boiling water and consumed as herbal tea. | Decoction / Herbal Tea | teth wan | Artemisia absinthium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Boeing, T., de Souza, J., da Silva, R. D. C. V., Mariano, L. N. B., da Silva, L. M., Gerhardt, G. M., ... & de Souza, P. (2023). Gastroprotective effect of Artemisia absinthium L.: A medicinal plant used in the treatment of digestive disorders. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 312, 116488. | Szopa, A., Pajor, J., Klin, P., Rzepiela, A., Elansary, H. O., Al-Mana, F. A., ... & Ekiert, H. (2020). Artemisia absinthium L.—Importance in the history of medicine, the latest advances in phytochemistry and therapeutical, cosmetological and culinary uses. Plants, 9(9), 1063. | Jlal Uddin Shiekh | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
655 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for fever and cold | Fever & cold | Consumed raw. | Raw Consumption | Chestnut tree | Castanea | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Varies by species (CR/LC) | Rutter, P. A., Miller, G., & Payne, J. A. (1991). Chestnuts (Castanea). Genetic Resources of Temperate Fruit and Nut Crops 290, 761-790. | AB KREEM PODE | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
656 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cancer | Cancer support | Ground and soaked overnight in water before drinking. | Overnight Soaking | Hazel nut tree | Corylus avellana | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Çebi, A., Tepe, Y., Alioglu, İ., & Ari, F. (2024). Inducing effect of corylus avellana on cytotoxic activity in lung and breast cancer cells via apoptosis. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 79(3), 648-655. | Gallego, A., Malik, S., Yousefzadi, M., Makhzoum, A., Tremouillaux-Guiller, J., & Bonfill, M. (2017). Taxol from Corylus avellana: paving the way for a new source of this anti-cancer drug. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC), 129(1), 1-16. | Mohammad shreef choan | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
657 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wounds | Wounds | Ground into paste for medicinal use. | Paste / Medicinal Use | Soi | Nittle lip | urtica dioica | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Babaei, E., Asghari, M. H., Mehdikhani, F., Moloudizargari, M., Ghobadi, E., & Pouya, S. R. H. (2017). The healing effects of herbal preparations from Sambucus ebulus and Urtica dioica in full-thickness wound models. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 7(5), 421-427. | Kasouni, A. I., Chatzimitakos, T. G., Stalikas, C. D., Trangas, T., Papoudou-Bai, A., & Troganis, A. N. (2021). The unexplored wound healing activity of Urtica dioica L. extract: An in vitro and in vivo study. Molecules, 26(20), 6248. | Javid Ahmad deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
658 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for black cough | Whooping cough | Eaten fresh or ground into paste. | Raw or Paste | killmish | Viburnum Grandiflorum | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Dutta, A., Singh, K., Singh, B., Sharma, Y. P., & Bussmann, R. W. (2021). Documentation of veterinary practices from Gujjar and Bakarwal tribes of District Poonch, Jammu & Kashmir: A boon for animals from our ancestors. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 21, 1-18. | sadeek ktri | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
659 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: For cows | Livestock health | Fed raw to cattle. | Animal Feed | Gul nakshoo | sadeek ktri | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
660 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for eye pain | Eye pain | Ground and juice collected for use. | Juice Extraction | puth ke jadi | Gh Nabi shiekh | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
661 | Kashmir | Industrail Aplicability | Traditional plant for soap making | Dermatological use | Used as an ingredient in soap for skincare. | Soap Ingredient | Dang sonchal | Malva neglecta Wallr. | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Al-Snafi, A. E. (2021). Traditional uses of Iraqi medicinal plants (part 2). International Journal of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Archive, 2(1), 022-041. | Mohammad Shareef deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
662 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wounds | Wound healing | Ground into powder and used topically or internally. | Powder / Topical / Oral | budimavoo | Nazeera begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
663 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for treating forest bite | Frostbite | Applied to inflamed/red areas of feet. | Topical | Algae | Shaziya begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
664 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Herbal aid for digestion in animals | Digestion in livestock | Used as dry or fresh fodder. | Animal Feed | Thulbabil/ Bobul | babuna | Cotula anthemoids L | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | No Scientific Evidence | Gh Mohd Najar | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
665 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary treatment for BVD in cattle | Bovine Viral Diarrhea | Collected, salted, and fed to animals. | Salting + Animal Feed | Yann | Horse Mint | Mentha longifolia | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No Scientific Evidence | Gh Mohd Najar | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
666 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache | Toothache | Ground, mixed with oil, and applied to painful tooth. | Powder / Oil Mix | Datur | Thorn apple | Datura stramonium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Gh Mohd Najar | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
667 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Increases milk yield in cows | Milk yield in cows | Fed to livestock. | Animal Feed | Dramun | Bermuda grass | Cynodon dactylon | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Khan, R., Nedelcheva, A., Abidin, S. Z. U., Bhatti, M. Z., Khan, S. M., Ullah, A., ... & Dogan, Y. (2024). Ethnoveterinary uses of forage plants for domesticated ruminants in Malakand agency, Pakistan. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 108(1), 36-54. | Gh Mohd Najar | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
668 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for tooth pain | Toothache | Root collected, cleaned, and chewed. | Chewing | Pahale Ghass | Common Yarrow | Achillea Millefolium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Akbar, S. (2020). Achillea millefolium L.(Asteraceae/Compositae). In Handbook of 200 Medicinal Plants: A Comprehensive Review of Their Traditional Medical Uses and Scientific Justifications (pp. 57-67). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Gh Mohd Najar | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
669 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for postpartum care in women | Postpartum recovery | Boiled in water, strained, and used. | Decoction | Batt Threer | Tasleema Begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
670 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Boosts milk production | Milk enhancement in livestock | Made into hay or fed fresh to animals. | Animal Feed | Dadije | Milk Thistle | lactuca serriola | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Abdul-Jalil, T. Z. (2020). Lactuca serriola: Short review of its phytochemical and pharmacological profiles. Intl. J. Drug Deliv. Technol, 10(3), 505-508. | QUAIL, W. T. J. EFFECT OF FREE CHOICE FEEDING BASED ON EMMER, TRITICALE. SCIENTIFIC PAPERS, 113. | Tasleema Begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
671 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal protein-rich supplement | Protein deficiency | Cleaned and consumed directly. | Raw Consumption | Mohar Munj | Wild Carrot | daucus carota | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Aremu, M. O., Okpele, J. A., Ibrahim, H., Ortutu, S. C., Mohammed, M. A., & Salau, R. B. (2022). Comparative Studies on Nutrient and Anti–nutrient Composition of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). International Journal of Sciences, 11(01), 13-21. | Pandey, P., Grover, K., Dhillon, T. S., Chawla, N., & Kaur, A. (2024). Development and quality evaluation of polyphenols enriched black carrot (Daucus carota L.) powder incorporated bread. Heliyon, 10(3). | Ejiofor, U. L., Ishiwu, C. N., Nneka, M. G., & Sunday, O. K. (2025). Optimization of Nutrient Composition of Foam-Mat Dried Protein Rich Weaning Food Supplement Produced from Carrot Juice (Daucus Carota), Egg White and Crayfish (Nematopalaemon Hastatus). International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, 10(3), 146-169. | Tasleema Begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |
672 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for fat loss | Weight management | Ground and mixed with water for use. | Water Mix | Tathwain | Artemisia absinthium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Taraghdari, S. B., Nematy, M., Mazidi, M., Kamgar, M., Soukhtanloo, M., Hosseini, M., ... & Esmaily, H. (2015). The effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Artemisia absinthium on appetite in male rats. Avicenna journal of phytomedicine, 5(2), 78. | Daradka, H. M., Abas, M. M., Mohammad, M. A., & Jaffar, M. M. (2014). Antidiabetic effect of Artemisia absinthium extracts on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 23(6), 1733-1742. | Tasleema Begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
673 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to reduce joint pain | Joint pain | Ground and mixed with oil, then applied. | Oil Mix / Topical | Baad Gul | broadleaf plantain | Plantago major L | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Núñez Guillén, M. E., da Silva Emim, J. A., Souccar, C., & Lapa, A. J. (1997). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of Plantago major L. International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 35(2), 99-104. | Zhakipbekov, K., Turgumbayeva, A., Issayeva, R., Kipchakbayeva, A., Kadyrbayeva, G., Tleubayeva, M., ... & Tileuberdi, Y. (2023). Antimicrobial and other biomedical properties of extracts from Plantago major, Plantaginaceae. Pharmaceuticals, 16(8), 1092. | Qian, B., Hu, J., Dai, L., Zhou, Y., & Xu, H. (2025). Anti-inflammatory effect of Plantago asiatica crude extract in rat gout arthritis model. Journal of Immunotoxicology, 22(1), 2453156. | Haneef begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |
674 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to heal wounds and improve health | Wounds, general wellness | Roots used to treat wounds; fruits used to boost energy. | Multi-purpose | Wild strawberry | Wild strawberry | Fragaria nubicola (Rosaceae) | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Shrestha, S., Kunwar, R. M., Jan, H. A., Abbasi, A. M., Bussmann, R. W., & Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y. (2020). Fragaria nubicola (Hook. f,.) Lindl. ex Lacaita Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Himalayas (pp. 1-10). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Bussmann, R. W., & Kikvidze, Z. (2024). Fragaria moschata Weston Fragaria vesca L. Fragaria viridis Duch. Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Eastern Europe: Carpathians (pp. 1-19). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Haneef begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
675 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for anemia and energy boost | Anaemia, weakness | Consumed ripe, or made into juice or jam. | Raw / Jam / Juice | Chanch | thornless blackberry | Rubus ulmifolius | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Mehiou, A., Dib, I., Berraaouan, A., Ziyyat, A., Elachouri, M., & Bussmann, R. W. (2024). Rubus idaeus L. Rubus ulmifolius Schott. Rubus vulgaris Weihe & Nees Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of Northern Africa and Levant (pp. 1811-1825). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. | Mehiou, A., Alla, C., Akissi, Z. L., Lucau-Danila, A., Bouanani, N., Legssyer, A., ... & Ziyyat, A. (2024). Rubus ulmifolius schott: A comprehensive review of its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological effects. Journal of Berry Research, 14(4), 301-328. | Joshi, A., Kumar, V., Naik, B., Shikha, D., Rustagi, S., & Gupta, A. K. (2024). Anti-diabetic potential of Rubus species: linking conventional knowledge with scientific developments: a review. Food Production, Processing and Nutrition, 6(1), 87. | Haneef begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |
676 | Kashmir | Herbal practice to reduce weakness | General weakness | Consumed ripe. | Raw Consumption | angeer | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Fazel, M. F., Abu, I. F., Mohamad, M. H. N., Mat Daud, N. A., Hasan, A. N., Aboo Bakkar, Z., ... & Ismail, A. A. (2024). Physicochemistry, nutritional, and therapeutic potential of Ficus carica–A promising nutraceutical. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 1947-1968. | Idrus, R. B. H., Sainik, N. Q. A. V., Ansari, A. S., Zulfarina, M. S., Razali, R. A., Nordin, A., ... & Mohamed, I. N. (2018). Ficus carica and bone health: A systematic review. Sains Malaysiana, 47(11), 2741-2755. | Haneef begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
677 | Kashmir | Herbal aid for digestion | Indigestion | Used as spice in cooking vegetables. | Spice Use | Saunf | fennel | Foeniculum Vulgare | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Rather, M. A., Dar, B. A., Sofi, S. N., Bhat, B. A., & Qurishi, M. A. (2016). Foeniculum vulgare: A comprehensive review of its traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 9, S1574-S1583. | Özel, O. T., Çimagil, R., Gürkan, S. E., Coşkun, İ., Türe, M., & Kutlu, İ. (2023). The effects of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) Essential Oils on Growth Performance and Digestive Physiological Traits in Black Sea Salmon (Salmo labrax PALLAS 1814) Juveniles. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 29(1), 362-370. | Saddiqi, H. A., & Iqbal, Z. (2011). Usage and significance of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) seeds in Eastern medicine. In Nuts and seeds in health and disease prevention (pp. 461-467). Academic Press. | Mohd Akbar Wani | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
678 | Kashmir | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Included in traditional recipes. | Culinary | Kral Munj | shepherd's purse | Capsella bursapastoris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Łukaszyk, A., Kwiecień, I., & Szopa, A. (2024). Traditional uses, bioactive compounds, and new findings on pharmacological, nutritional, cosmetic and biotechnology utility of Capsella bursa-pastoris. Nutrients, 16(24), 4390. | Riaz, I., Bibi, Y., & Ahmed, N. (2021). Evaluation of nutritional, phytochemical, antioxidant and cytotoxic potential of Capsella bursa-pastoris, a wild vegetable from potohar region of Pakistan. Kuwait journal of science, 48(3). | Mohd Akbar Wani | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
679 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for abdominal pain in infants | Infant colic | Ground with oil to make paste for application. | Paste / Topical | Zarkash | Descuraina Millefolia | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Nimrouzi, M., Sadeghpour, O., Imanieh, M. H., Shams-Ardekani, M., Zarshenas, M. M., Salehi, A., & Minaei, M. B. (2014). Remedies for children constipation in medieval Persia. Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine, 19(2), 137-143. | Mohd Akbar Wani | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
680 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy rich in vitamin C | Vitamin C deficiency / mouth ulcers | Eaten raw. | Raw Consumption | Cxukchine | Erect Prickly Pear | Oxalis Stricta | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Mohd Akbar Wani | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
681 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for headache and wound healing | Headache, wounds | Ground with oil to form thin paste, applied externally. | Paste / Topical | Kalvloth | common self-heal, heal-all, woundwort | Prunella vulgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Akkol, E. K., Renda, G., Ilhan, M., & Bektaş, N. Y. (2022). Wound healing acceleration and anti-inflammatory potential of Prunella vulgaris L.: From conventional use to preclinical scientific verification. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 295, 115411. | Rasool, R., & Ganai, B. A. (2013). Prunella vulgaris L.: a literature review on its therapeutic potentials. Pharmacologia, 4(6), 441-448. | Patel, J. K., & Sharma, M. K. (2019). A review on ethno botanical, phytochemistry, bioactivities and medicinal potential of Prunella vulgaris (mint family/common self-heal). East African Scholars Journal of Biotechnology and Genetics, 1(5), 99-105. | Mohd Akbar Wani | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
682 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy to cure iron deficiency | Iron deficiency anaemia | Used in recipes. | Culinary | Wari Haand | Spanish | Lentinus tigrinus | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Adejumo, T. O., & Awosanya, O. B. (2005). Proximate and mineral composition of four edible mushroom species from South Western Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4(10). | Adejumo, T. O., Coker, M. E., & Akinmoladun, V. O. (2015). Identification and evaluation of nutritional status of some edible and medicinal mushrooms in Akoko Area, Ondo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 4(4), 1011-1028. | Mohd Akbar Wani | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
683 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for diabetic patients | Diabetes | Ground and included in food recipes. | Culinary | Bagle dal | Broad Bean | Vicia faba | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Mejri, F., Selmi, S., Martins, A., Baati, T., Chaabane, H., Njim, L., ... & Hosni, K. (2018). Broad bean (Vicia faba L.) pods: a rich source of bioactive ingredients with antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, anti-diabetic and health-promoting properties. Food & function, 9(4), 2051-2069. | Turco, I., Ferretti, G., & Bacchetti, T. (2016). Review of the health benefits of Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) polyphenols. Journal of Food & Nutrition Research, 55(4). | Poonia, A., Vikranta, U., Chaudhary, N., & Dangi, P. (2022). Current and potential health claims of faba beans (Vicia faba, L.) and its components. In Faba bean: Chemistry, properties and functionality (pp. 331-355). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Mohd Akbar Wani | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
684 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for treatment of iron deficiency | Iron deficiency | Used in meals. | Culinary | Drub Ghases | Polygonum aviculare L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Mahmoudi, M., Abdellaoui, R., Feki, E., Boughalleb, F., Zaidi, S., & Nasri, N. (2021). Analysis of Polygonum aviculare and Polygonum maritimum for minerals by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS), polyphenolics by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS), and antioxidant properties by spectrophotometry. Analytical Letters, 54(18), 2940-2955. | Demirpolat, A. (2022). Chemical composition of essential oils of seven Polygonum species from Turkey: A chemotaxonomic approach. Molecules, 27(24), 9053. | Mohd Akbar Wani | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
685 | Kashmir | Ethnoveterinary use: Treats cattle ruminal tympany | Bloating in cattle | Fed to animals as fodder. | Animal Feed | Batak Lyunt | Red Clover | Trifolium pratense | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Reed, K. F. M. (2016). Fertility of herbivores consuming phytoestrogen-containing Medicago and Trifolium species. Agriculture, 6(3), 35. | Rout, R. K. THERAPEUTIC EVALUATION OF RUMENOTOMY IN MEDICINALLY REFRACTORY CASES OF RECURRENT TYMPANY IN CROSSBRED COWS (Doctoral dissertation, ORISSA UNiVERSITY OF AGRICuLTURE AND TECHNOLOGY). | Mohd Akbar Wani | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
686 | Kashmir | Herbal treatment for diabetes | Diabetes | Used in salad or recipes. | Salad / Culinary | Tsochal | Common Mallow | Malva neglecta L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Saleem, M., Hussain, A., Akhtar, M. F., Saleem, A., Sadeeqa, S., & Naheed, S. (2021). Ameliorating effect of Malva Neglecta on hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic rats. Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 57, e18901. | Türker, M., & Dalar, A. (2013). In vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties and phenolic composition of M. neglecta Wallr.(Malvaceae) fruit: A traditional medicinal fruit from Eastern Anatolia. Industrial Crops and Products, 51, 376-380. | Zareefa begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
687 | Kashmir | Taken as cooked vegetable for general weakness | Nutritional deficiency | Cooked and consumed fresh. | Cooking | Kecx Kul | Himalayan Indigo | Indigofera heterantha | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Buch, K., Mugloo, J. A., Ahmad, K., Sheikh, G. G., Raj, A., Khan, P. A., ... & Mehraj, B. (2022). Nutrient deficient forage for critically endangered Cervus hanglu hanglu: A serious concern for conservationists. | Mir, S. H., Ahmed, H. A., Ganai, A. M., & Beigh, Y. A. (2020). Seasonal variability of palatability and nutrient intake in different age groups of range sheep. Biological Rhythm Research, 51(7), 1006-1017. | Zareefa begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
688 | Kashmir | Ethnoveterinary use: Maintains cattle health | Livestock health maintenance | Ground (wet/dry) with jaggery and consumed. | Grinding / Oral | Bhang Kul | Marijuana | Cannabis Sativa Indica | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Muedi, H. T. H., Kujoana, T. C., Shai, K., Mabelebele, M., & Sebola, N. A. (2024). The use of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) on farm animal’s productivity, health and reproductive performance: a review. Animal Production Science, 64(2). | Fallahi, S., Bobak, Ł., & Opaliński, S. (2022). Hemp in animal diets—cannabidiol. Animals, 12(19), 2541. | Klir, Ž., Novoselec, J., & Antunović, Z. (2019). An overview on the use of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) in animal nutrition. Poljoprivreda, 25(2), 52-61. | Zareefa begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
689 | Kashmir | Traditional use: Increases soil fertility | Soil fertility | Used as manure. | Fertilizer | Gandangund | Zareefa begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
690 | Kashmir | Taken as cooked vegetable for general weakness | Nutritional deficiency | Cooked into recipes. | Cooking | Kunn | Kashmir Elder | Sambucus Wightiana | ⚫ Black | Least Concern | Acharya, J., & Mukherjee, A. (2014). An account of Sambucus L. in the Himalayan regions of India. Indian Journal of Life Sciences, 4(1), 77. | Zareefa begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
691 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for toothache | Toothache | Rubbed on teeth for cleaning. | Rubbing | Doon Kul | Walnut | Juglans Regia | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Taresh, A., Mahdi, A., & Alziadi, R. (2023). Efficacy of Juglans regia extract as a mouthwash in the treatment of periodontal disease. International journal of health sciences. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns9.13905. | Ayisha begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
692 | Kashmir | Edible plant used to cure fractures | Bone fracture | Crushed and applied as paste or used in food. | Paste / Culinary | Haand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Alfaifi, A., Tashkandi, M., & Yousef, J. (2023). Roles for Taraxacum officinale and Vitamins (C, K) on Bone Formation and Resorption Heparin-Induced in Rats. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Allied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.51847/jzj0vbvtxp. | Ayisha begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
693 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for back pain | Back pain | Powdered and cooked in desi ghee with sugar and water. | Cooking | ganhar | green amaranth | Amaranthus viridis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ikram, M., Haider, A., & Fatima, U. (2023). Pharmaceutical Activity of Medicinal Plant Amaranthus viridis Linn. Due to Its Chemical Constituents: A Review. BIOEDUSCIENCE. https://doi.org/10.22236/jbes/12089. | Zaina begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
694 | Kashmir | Herbal treatment for hair fall and dandruff | Hair fall, dandruff | Mixed with mustard oil and massaged into scalp. | Massage / Oil Mix | Kukli port | Cuscuta reflexa | Cuscuta reflexa | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Anjum, F., Bukhari, S., Shahid, M., Bokhari, T., & Talpur, M. (2013). Exploration of nutraceutical potential of herbal oil formulated from parasitic plant.. African journal of traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines : AJTCAM, 11 1, 78-86 . https://doi.org/10.4314/AJTCAM.V11I1.11. | Zaina begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
695 | Kashmir | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in food preparations. | Culinary | Meethi | Fenugreek | Trigunella Fuenum Graecum | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Dhull, S., Chandak, A., Bamal, P., Malik, A., & Kidwai, M. (2021). Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum): Nutritional, Health Properties and Food Uses. Fenugreek. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1197-1_10. | Zaina begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
696 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for winter cold | Cold and flu (seasonal) | Fried in oil, dried, and consumed in small amounts. | Frying + Drying | Pran | Onion | Allium cepa var. prolliferum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Singh, H., & Khar, A. (2022). Potential of onion (Allium cepa) as traditional therapeutic and functional food: An update. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v92i11.123235. | Zaina begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
697 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for anaemia and blood health | Anaemia, blood weakness | Eaten ripe or made into juice. | Raw / Juice | Kashmiri Pomegranate | Pomegranate | Punica granatum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | An, P., S, R., Jk, V., G., Y., Vs, H., Lj, K., Kg, S., & Be, P. (2023). Punica granatum Juice as an Oral Supplemental Therapeutic: Effect on Hemoglobin and Blood Glucose Levels among Diabetic Patients. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research. https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.57.3.95. | Zaina begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
698 | Kashmir | Traditional use: Cooking ingredient | Culinary use | Cooked as dish. | Culinary | Wast Hak | Redroot Pigweed | Amaranthus dubius | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Nyonje, W., Yang, R., Kejo, D., Makokha, A., Owino, W., & Abukutsa-Onyango, M. (2022). Exploring the Status of Preference, Utilization Practices, and Challenges to Consumption of Amaranth in Kenya and Tanzania. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2240724. | Zaina begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
699 | Kashmir | Traditional use: Cooking ingredient | Culinary use | Used in traditional recipes. | Traditional Cooking | Leesa Red Amaranth | Love Lies Bleeding | Amaranthus caudatus | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Toimbayeva, D., Saduakhasova, S., Kamanova, S., Kiykbay, A., Tazhina, S., Temirova, I., Muratkhan, M., Shaimenova, B., Murat, L., Khamitova, D., & Ospankulova, G. (2025). Prospects for the Use of Amaranth Grain in the Production of Functional and Specialized Food Products. Foods, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14091603. | Zaina begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
700 | Kashmir | Traditional use: Used in soap making | Dermatological/cleaning utility | Ground for use in dishes. | Powder / Culinary | Haan Don Kul | Horse chestnut | Aesculus Glabra | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Not Documented | Mohd Sultan Chopan | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
701 | Kashmir | Traditional use: Used as a spice | Culinary/spice | Used in powdered form. | Powder Use | Jungli Pudina | Asian Mint | Mentha longifolia | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Shahar, B., & Chongtham, N. (2023). Traditional uses and advances in recent research on wild aromatic plant Mentha longifolia and its pharmacological importance. Phytochemistry Reviews, 23, 529-550. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-023-09896-7. | Mohd Sultan Chopan | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
702 | Kashmir | Edible plant: Nutritious and supports weight gain | Malnutrition/weight gain | Used ripe or made into jam, juice, or squash. | Juice / Jam / Squash | Tul Kul | White Mulberry | Morus alba | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Chen, C., Mohamad Razali, U. H., Saikim, F. H., Mahyudin, A., & Mohd Noor, N. Q. I. (2021). Morus alba L. Plant: Bioactive Compounds and Potential as a Functional Food Ingredient. Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 10(3), 689. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10030689 | Mohd Sultan Chopan | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
703 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy rich in vitamins | Vitamin deficiency | Consumed ripe. | Raw | Ring | Howthorn berries | Crataegus oxyacantha | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Orhan, I. (2016). Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activity Profile of Crataegus oxyacantha L. (Hawthorn) - A Cardiotonic Herb.. Current medicinal chemistry, 25 37, 4854-4865 . https://doi.org/10.2174/0929867323666160919095519. | Mohd Sultan Chopan | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
704 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for diabetes | Diabetes | Sliced, sun-dried, or made into jam/murabba. | Drying / Jam | Bamchoonth | Quince apple | Cydonia oblonga | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Amerizadeh, A., Vaseghi, G., Esmaeilian, N., & Asgary, S. (2022). Cardiovascular Effects of Cydonia oblonga Miller (Quince). Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3185442. | Mohd Sultan Chopan | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
705 | Kashmir | Herbal source of vitamins and minerals | Vitamin & mineral deficiency | Consumed ripe for strength. | Strength / Nutrition | kecham trail | Crab apple | Malus sylvestris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient | Barros, L., Carvalho, A., & Ferreira, I. (2010). Leaves, flowers, immature fruits and leafy flowered stems of Malva sylvestris: a comparative study of the nutraceutical potential and composition.. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 48 6, 1466-72 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.012. | Mohd Sultan Chopan | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
706 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for bone diseases | Bone-related ailments | Brewed into herbal tea. | Decoction | Ratan Joot | Meadow Geranium | Geranium pretense L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Wang, X., Wang, M., Cui, X., Li, Z., Guo, S., Gao, F., , M., & Wang, Z. (2021). Antiosteoporosis effect of geraniin on ovariectomy‐induced osteoporosis in experimental rats. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 35. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.22774. | Haja begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
707 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for back pain | Back pain | Powdered and mixed with ghee, sugar, and semolina to make halwa. | Halwa / Cooking | Mameek | Paeonia Emodi | Paeonia Emodi | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Yaqoob, U., Nazir, S., Nawchoo, I., Lone, F., Rather, A., Hassan, A., & Ashraf, A. (2018). Paeonia emodi: An Ethnopharmacological and Phytochemical Review. , 6, 11-20. | Kumar, S., Ratha, K., Rao, M., & Acharya, R. (2022). A comprehensive review on the phytochemistry, pharmacological, ethnobotany, and traditional uses of Paeonia species. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology. https://doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2023.02. | Haja begum | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
708 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for wounds and postpartum bathing | Wounds, postpartum care | Boiled water preparation for internal use. | Decoction | Pamb Hak | Indian Rhubarb | Rheum webbiana | ⚫ Black | Not Applicable | Not Documented | Naseema | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
709 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for abdominal pain | Abdominal pain | Ground into paste and applied to skin. | Paste | Agnisheer | Naseema | Nowgam baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
710 | Kashmir | Herbal practice to treat frostbite | Frostbite | Boiled in water for foot soak. | Foot Soak / Decoction | Thulbabil | Babuna | Cotula anthemoids L | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Refaey, M., Abouelela, M., El-Shoura, E., Alkhalidi, H., Fadil, S., Elhady, S., & Abdelhameed, R. (2022). In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Cotula anthemoides Essential Oil and In Silico Molecular Docking of Its Bioactives. Molecules, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27061994. | Mahrideen ktri | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
711 | Kashmir | Seeds used to treat toothache | Toothache | Picked from Datura, ground into powder, applied to toothache or cavities. | Powder / Topical | Datur | Thorn apple | Datura stramonium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Sharma, M., Dhaliwal, I., Rana, K., Delta, A., & Kaushik, P. (2021). Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of Datura Species—A Review. Antioxidants, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081291. | mariam Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
712 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for stomach cleaning | Digestive cleansing | Used as herbal decoction. | Herbal Decoction | Tathwain | Artimesia absenthium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Bhat, R., Rehman, M., Shabir, A., Mir, M., Ahmad, A., Khan, R., Masoodi, M., Madkhali, H., & Ganaie, M. (2019). Chemical Composition and Biological Uses of Artemisia absinthium (Wormwood). Plant and Human Health, Volume 3. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04408-4_3. | mariam Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
713 | Kashmir | Traditional use: Consumed as fruit | General health/nutrition | Consumed ripe or made into jam. | Juice / Jam | Chanch | thornless blackberry | Rubus ulmifolius | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Da Silva, L., Pereira, E., Pires, T., Alves, M., Pereira, O., Barros, L., & Ferreira, I. (2019). Rubus ulmifolius Schott fruits: A detailed study of its nutritional, chemical and bioactive properties.. Food research international, 119, 34-43 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.01.052. | gulshan begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
714 | Kashmir | Herbal remedy for weakness and cancer | Weakness, cancer support | Consumed ripe. | Raw | Anjeer | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Uddin, S. (2020). A review on nutritional values and pharmacological importance of Ficus carica. International Journal of Horticulture and Food Science. https://doi.org/10.33545/26631067.2020.v2.i1a.48. | Tanzeela akther | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
715 | Kashmir | Herbal treatment for injury | Injury/wound care | Ground into paste and applied to injuries. | Paste / Topical | Kalvloth | common self-heal, heal-all, woundwort | Prunella valgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Akkol, E., Renda, G., Ilhan, M., & Bektaş, N. (2022). Wound healing acceleration and anti-inflammatory potential of Prunella vulgaris L.: From conventional use to preclinical scientific verification.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 115411 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115411. | Tanzeela akther | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
716 | Kashmir | Edible plant used as food | Nutritional support | Used in curry or brewed as herbal tea. | Curry / Tea | Cxeer Kul | Common Cocklebur | Xanthium strumarium | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Babajanova, R., Rakhmanova, M., Kodiralieva, F., & Malikova, M. (2024). PROTEINS AND CARBOHYDRATES OF XANTHIUM STRUMARIUM L. FRUITS GROWING IN THE KHOREZM RE-GION. chemistry of plant raw material. https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.20240411752. | freeda begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
717 | Kashmir | Edible vegetable for pregnant women | Postpartum nutrition | Fresh leaves cooked and consumed. | Cooking | Wari Haand | Spanish | Lentinus tigrinus | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Fabros, J., Dulay, R., De León, A., Kalaw, S., & Reyes, R. (2022). Distribution, cultivation, nutritional composition, and bioactivities of Lentinus (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycetes): A review. Current Research in Environmental & Applied Mycology. https://doi.org/10.5943/cream/12/1/13. | Suriya begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
718 | Kashmir | Traditional use: Planted in parks | Ornamental use | Propagated by digging root system. | Propagation | Drub Ghases | Polygonum aviculare L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Not Documented | Shafeeqa begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
719 | Kashmir | Warning: Harmful for horses if eaten raw | Toxicity in horses | Sipped directly. | Sipping | Batak Lyunt | Red Clover | Trifolium pratense | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Fonteque, J., De Souza, A., Schade, J., Muller, T., & Weinert, N. (2015). Intoxicação por eslaframina em equino no estado de Santa Catarina. , 22, 375-379. | Suriya begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
720 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain | Stomach pain | Consumed ripe. | Raw | wanwagun | Podophyllum hexandrum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Endangered | Kalam, M., Malik, A., Ganie, A., & Butt, T. (2021). Medicinal importance of Papra (Podophyllum hexandrum Royle) in Unani System of Medicine. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 18, 485 - 490. https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2020-0178. | Mohammad Shareef deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
721 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cancer | Cancer support | Used as edible vegetable. | Culinary | Tsochal | Common Mallow | Malva neglecta L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Arslan, İ., Kaya, Ö., & Çeli̇k, T. (2023). PHYTOCHEMICALANALYSIS OF ACTIVE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN SOME PLANTS USED AS TRADITIONAL FOLK DRUGS FOR CANCER AND LITERATURE REVIEW OF THEIR ANTI-CANCER EFFECTS. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2106_59015914. | Mohammad Shareef deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
722 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal bath for postpartum recovery and wound healing | Postpartum pain, wound healing | Boiled in water and used for washing. | Washing | Kecx Kul | Himalayan Indigo | Indigofera heterantha | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Halim, A., Zeb, M., & Khan, S. (2018). In-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Indigofera heterantha roots. Pharmacy & Pharmacology International Journal, 6. https://doi.org/10.15406/PPIJ.2018.06.00192. | GH DIN KATARI | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
723 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Increases milk yield in cows | Milk production in cattle | Fed raw to cattle. | Animal Feed | Durham | witchgrass | Panicum Capillare | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Not Documented | Gh uddin deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
724 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for stomach disorders | Indigestion, gastritis | Decoction administered twice daily. | Decoction | Kunn | Kashmir Elder | Sambucus Wightiana | ⚫ Black | Least Concern | Chashoo, I., Wani, S., Raja, W., Bhat, Z., Ali, M., Alshehri, S., Alam, P., Ghoneim, M., Asdaq, S., & Shakeel, F. (2023). Physicochemical Characterization, Phytochemical Analysis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Sambucus wightiana. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2023.105170. | Gh uddin deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
725 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Used in recipes. | Cooking | Doon Kul | Walnut | Juglans Regia | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Gaviley, O., Pankova, S., Poliakova, L., & Chorna, G. (2024). Assessment of Phytochemical Characteristics of Walnut (Juglans regia) Leaves: Determination of Nutritional Value and Quantitative Content of Phenolic Compounds. Research in Agricultural Sciences. https://doi.org/10.17097/agricultureatauni.1556731. | Zaytoona begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
726 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for knee pain, joint pain, and weakness | Joint pain, fatigue | Boiled, made into paste, and applied. | Paste / Topical | Hand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Sis, Ç., Okcay, Y., Ulusoy, K., Vural, I., & Yildiz, O. (2024). Exploring the antinociceptive effect of taraxasterol in mice: Possible mechanisms. Neuroscience Letters, 845. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2024.138075. | Hao, F., Deng, X., Yu, X., Wang, W., Yan, W., Zhao, X., Wang, X., Bai, C., Wang, Z., & Han, L. (2024). Taraxacum: A Review of Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activity.. The American journal of Chinese medicine, 1-33 . https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X24500083. | Marbee Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
727 | Kashmir | industrail aplicabity | Traditional use: Used for house cleaning | Cleaning utility | Used as green vegetable. | Cooking | Mishri Grass | Sweet Cherry | Prunus Avium | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Bali begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
728 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Eaten as food | Nutritional use | Boiled and consumed in food. | Cooking | Ganhar | green amaranth | Amaranthus viridis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Datta, S., Sinha, B., Bhattacharjee, S., & Seal, T. (2019). Nutritional composition, mineral content, antioxidant activity and quantitative estimation of water soluble vitamins and phenolics by RP-HPLC in some lesser used wild edible plants. Heliyon, 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01431. | Bali begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
729 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional herb for hair growth | Hair loss | Ground into paste. | Paste | Kukli port | Cuscuta reflexa | Cuscuta reflexa | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Pandit, S., Chauhan, N., & Dixit, V. (2008). Effect of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb on androgen‐induced alopecia. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-2165.2008.00389.x. | Javid Ahmad deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
730 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to boost energy | Fatigue | Boiled and made into paste and applied. | Boiling / Paste | Meethi | Fenugreek | Trigunella Fuenum Graecum | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Yan, D., Yan, Y., , R., Chu, J., Mao, X., & Li, L. (2022). Ameliorating effect of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) extract tablet on exhaustive exercise-induced fatigue in rats by suppressing mitophagy in skeletal muscle.. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences, 26 20, 7321-7332 . https://doi.org/10.26355/eurrev_202210_30001. | Abdul Aziz Jinder | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
731 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for throat cancer | Throat cancer | Ground into powder, used in food. | Powder / Culinary | Pran | Onion | Allium cepa var. prolliferum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Situ, S., Hasan, M., Mia, E., Shipon, M., Amin, M., Bristy, A., & Emon, Y. (2025). Anticancer Activity of Allium cepa through the Inactivation of NF-κB Pathway: A Literature-based Study. Journal of Chemistry Insights and Discoveries. https://doi.org/10.71193/jcid.20250004. | Javid Ahmad deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
732 | Kashmir | Human Health | Edible plant used as vegetable | Nutritional support | Boiled and added to recipes. | Cooking | Wast Hak | Redroot Pigweed | Amaranthus dubius | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ruth, O., Unathi, K., Nomali, N., & Chinsamy, M. (2021). Underutilization Versus Nutritional-Nutraceutical Potential of the Amaranthus Food Plant: A Mini-Review. Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11156879. | Gh Nabi Shiekh | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
733 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for heart pain and pregnancy-related symptoms | Cardiac pain, postpartum recovery | Made into jam, pickle, or burned and consumed. | Multi-purpose | Bamchoonth | Quince apple | Cydonia oblonga | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Shakeri, A., Hashempur, M., Mojibian, M., Aliasl, F., Bioos, S., & Nejatbakhsh, F. (2018). A comparative study of ranitidine and quince (Cydonia oblonga mill) sauce on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in pregnancy: a randomised, open-label, active-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 38, 899 - 905. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443615.2018.1431210. | Amerizadeh, A., Vaseghi, G., Esmaeilian, N., & Asgary, S. (2022). Cardiovascular Effects of Cydonia oblonga Miller (Quince). Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3185442. | Ghulam din deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
734 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for kidney and stone pain | Kidney stones | Mushknala roots boiled and consumed. | Decoction | Mushk Bala | Smooth Catmint | Nepeta laevigata | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Not Documented | Ghulam din deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
735 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cancer and cleaning compound | Cancer support / utility | Collected, boiled for 10 minutes, mixed with milk, then eaten. | Cooking | Songal Tea | GH uddin Deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
736 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cough | Cough | Roots of Musloon ground into paste and applied. | Paste / Topical | Musloon Roots | TTc | 🟤 Brown | Not Documented | Pathani Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
737 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back pain | Back pain | Ground into paste. | Paste | Ratan Joot | Meadow Geranium | Geranium pretense L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Gazerani, A., Sarchahi, Z., Hosseini, S., & Abavisani, M. (2020). The effect of inhalation aromatherapy of geranium on pain and physiological indices after appendectomy: A double-blind randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Surgery Open. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijso.2020.12.004. | meraj din katari | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
738 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain and sugar regulation | Stomach ache, diabetes | Roots of Patrees boiled and applied. | Boiling / Topical | Patrees | Greenish Himalayan Monkshood | Aconitum heterophyllum | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Endangered | Kour, G., Chaubey, S., Singh, D., & Mishra, R. (2021). ATIVISA (ACONITUM HETEROPHYLLUM WALL EX. ROYLE): A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON PROPAGATION, TRADITIONAL USES AND PHARMACOLOGY. AYUSHDHARA. https://doi.org/10.47070/ayushdhara.v8i2.714. | Paramanick, D., Panday, R., Shukla, S., & Sharma, V. (2017). Primary Pharmacological and Other Important Findings on the Medicinal Plant “Aconitum Heterophyllum” (Aruna). Journal of Pharmacopuncture, 20, 89 - 92. https://doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2017.20.011. | Haleema Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
739 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for sugar pain | Diabetes-related pain | Roots of Khorijafi ground, boiled, and added to rice. | Boil / Culinary | Khori Jodi Root | Lal din deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
740 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain and headache | Stomach ache, headache | Ground, mixed with warm oil, applied to relieve stomach and headache. | Oil / Massage | Choro | Angelica glauca Edgew | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Endangered | Fareeda Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
741 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for children's tooth pain | Pediatric toothache | Used after boiling in water. | Boiling | Zeher Ka Phool | Not Evaluated | Nazera begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||
742 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for pneumonia and cold | Pneumonia, cold | Boiled in water and used. | Decoction | Landi | Cynoglossum lanceolatum | matwali deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||
743 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach and general body pain | Abdominal & body pain | Picked, boiled, made into paste, and added to food. | Boiling / Paste / Food | Bhodi aye Jaddi | rashma Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
744 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal energy booster and body pain reliever | Fatigue, body pain | Made into paste and used in vegetables. | Paste / Cooking | Khafal soduto | hameeda begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
745 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for joint and back pain | Joint & back pain | Powdered, boiled with rice and ghee. | Culinary / Nutritional | Mameek | Paeonia Emodi | Paeonia Emodi | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Haneefa Begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
746 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for bee sting wounds | Bee sting | Rubbed on affected skin to reduce redness and itching. | Topical | Ubaj | Nepal Dock | Rumex nepelensis | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Mymoona begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
747 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for wounds | Wound healing | Roots of Pamb Hak ground and made into paste. | Paste / Topical | Pamb Hak | Indian Rhubarb | Rheum webbiana | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Nazira begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
748 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain and indigestion | Stomach pain, indigestion | Added to boiling water and consumed. | Decoction | tethwan | Artimesia absenthium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Jlal Uddin Shiekh | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
749 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for fever and cold | Fever, cold | Consumed fresh. | Raw Consumption | Chestnut tree | Castanea dentata | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Criticially Endangered | Puri, D., Kumar, A., Virmani, J., & Kriti. (2022). Classification of leaves of medicinal plants using laws’ texture features. International Journal of Information Technology, 14(2), 931-942. | AB KREEM PODE | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
750 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cancer | Cancer support | Ground, soaked overnight in water, and consumed. | Soaking Overnight | Hazelnut tree | Corylus avellana | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Mohammad shreef choan | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
751 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wound healing | Wounds | Ground and made into paste. | Paste | Soi | Nittle lip | urtica dioica | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Javid Ahmad deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
752 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for black cough | Whooping cough | Eaten fresh or dried, then ground into paste. | Raw or Paste | kilmish | Viburnum Grandiflorum | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | sadeek ktri | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
753 | Kashmir | ANimal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Used for cows | Cattle health | Given raw. | Animal Feed | Gul nakshoo | sadeek ktri | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
754 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for eye pain | Eye pain | Ground and juice collected for medicinal use. | Juice Extraction | puth ke jadi | Gh Nabi shiekh | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
755 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional plant used in soap production | Dermatological/cleaning use | Used as a key ingredient in soap for skin care. | Soap Ingredient | Dang sonchal | Mohammad Shareef deader | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
756 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for wounds | Wounds | Ground and powdered for topical application. | Powder Use | budimavoo | Nazeera begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
757 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat forest bite | Frostbite | Used for redness and inflamed forstbite. | Topical | Algae | Shaziya begum | Bandibala, Baramula | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
758 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for inflammation | Inflammation | Taken as cooked vegetables or in soup form. | Cooking / Soup | Sochal | Malva neglecta L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Hamayun, R., Iqbal, M. S., & Qadir, M. I. (2021). Assessment of analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities of Malva neglecta Wallr. in animal model. Bangladesh Journal of Botany, 50(3), 577-583. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
759 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tonic and jaundice remedy | Jaundice, general wellness | Used as a tonic when taken as cooked vegetables; decoction of roots is taken orally to treat jaundice. | Cooking + Decoction | Haand | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Jalili, C., Taghadosi, M., Pazhouhi, M., Bahrehmand, F., Miraghaee, S. S., Pourmand, D., & Rashidi, I. (2020). An overview of therapeutic potentials of Taraxacum officinale (dandelion): A traditionally valuable herb with a reach historical background. WCRJ World Cancer Res. J, 7, e1679. | Mahboubi, M., & Mahboubi, M. (2020). Hepatoprotection by dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) and mechanisms. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 10(1), 1-10. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
760 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for gastric and intestinal issues | Indigestion, stomach infection | Used as decoction or cooked as vegetable. | Cooking / Decoction | Daade | Asplenium nidus | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Jarial, R., Thakur, S., Sakinah, M., Zularisam, A. W., Sharad, A., Kanwar, S. S., & Singh, L. (2018). Potent anticancer, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of isolated flavonoids from Asplenium nidus. Journal of King Saud University-Science, 30(2), 185-192. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
761 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for weakness and improved vision | Weakness, eye health | Taken as cooked vegetable or soup to improve general weakness and eye vision. | Cooking | Ganhar | Amaranthus caudatus | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Dey, P., Basumatary, M., & Devi, R. S. Medicinal values of selected species of family Amaranthaceae of India. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
762 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for constipation | Constipation | Taken as a vegetable to treat constipation. | Cooking | Nunnar | Portulaca oleracea L | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Bang, K. B., Choi, J. H., Park, J. H., Lee, S., Rho, M. C., Lee, S. W., ... & Shin, J. E. (2022). Effect of Portulaca oleracea L. extract on functional constipation: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Saudi Journal of Gastroenterology, 28(4), 296-303. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
763 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for iron deficiency | Iron deficiency / anaemia | Taken as a vegetable to treat iron deficiency. | Cooking | Jangli Palak | Wild spinach | Chenopodium album | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Kundu, P., & Gupta, P. (2023). Chenopodium Species. Harvesting Food from Weeds, 1-20. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
764 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for general weakness | General weakness | Boiled to make herbal tea. | Tea / Decoction | Machran | Polygonum amplexicaule | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Abbasi, A. M., Khan, M. A., Shah, M. H., Shah, M. M., Pervez, A., & Ahmad, M. (2013). Ethnobotanical appraisal and cultural values of medicinally important wild edible vegetables of Lesser Himalayas-Pakistan. Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine, 9(1), 66. | (2020). Polygonum Species. Secondary Metabolites of Medicinal Plants. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527825578.c02-71. | Ram, C., Joshi, P., & Prasad, K. (2018). Phytochemical Analysis of Polygonum amplexicaule Essential Oil from Pithoragarh , Uttarakand , India. . https://doi.org/10.13188/2327-204x.1000026. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
765 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cough | Cough | Taken as vegetable; used for cough relief and to improve blood circulation. | Cooking | Gul | Plantago lanceolata | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | BOSKABADI, M., Rakhshandah, H., Afiat, M., Aelami, Z., & Amiri, S. (2006). Antitussive effect of Plantago lanceolata in guinea pigs. | Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Bussmann, R. W., Kikvidze, Z., & Khojimatov, O. K. (2024). Plantago lanceolata L. Plantago major L. Plantago media L. Plantaginaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Eastern Europe: Carpathians (pp. 1-23). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Kattel, A. M., Sher, H., Ur Rahman, I., Hussain, W., Jan, H. A., Abbasi, A. M., ... & Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y. (2021). Plantago depressa Willd Plantago lanceolata L. Plantago major L. Plantago ovata Forssk. Plantaginacae. In Ethnobotany of the Himalayas (pp. 1539-1553). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Isabel, O. A., Antonio, M. G., de Jauregui Diego, R. F., Laura, O. L., Sandra, R. G., Kepa, G. G. J., ... & Joan, M. V. (2020). A pilot study of efficacy and safety of Plantago lanceolata and Primula veris, in the treatment of the common cold. Archives of Pharmacy Practice, 11(3-2020), 1-7. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |
766 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for constipation | Constipation | Taken as vegetable to support digestive health. | Cooking | Kunn Haakh | Chenopodium Album | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Bussmann, R. W., & Kikvidze, Z. (2025). Chenopodium album L. Chenopodium bonus-henricus L. Chenopodium polyspermum L. Chenopodium urbicum L. Amaranthaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Eastern Europe: Carpathians (pp. 689-704). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. | Singh, S., Singh, A., Hallan, S. S., Brangule, A., Kumar, B., & Bhatia, R. (2023). A compiled update on nutrition, phytochemicals, processing effects, analytical testing and health effects of Chenopodium album: a non-conventional edible plant (NCEP). Molecules, 28(13), 4902. | Kumawat, R. C., Kotecha, M., & Rath, S. (2017). THE EFFECT OF VASTUKA (CHENOPODIUM ALBUM LINN.) ON BLOOD HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL: A RESEARCH STUDY. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
767 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to improve digestion | Indigestion | Taken as vegetable to aid digestive function. | Cooking | Drub Haakh | Polygonum aviculare | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Park, J. Y., Kim, C. S., Park, K. M., & Chang, P. S. (2019). Inhibitory characteristics of flavonol-3-O-glycosides from Polygonum aviculare L.(common knotgrass) against porcine pancreatic lipase. Scientific reports, 9(1), 18080. | Benrahou, K., Driouech, M., El Guourrami, O., Mrabti, H. N., Cherrah, Y., & El Abbes Faouzi, M. (2023). Medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and taxonomy of Poygonum aviculare L.: a comprehensive review. Medicinal Chemistry Research, 32(3), 409-423. | Batsatsashvili, K., Mehdiyeva, N. P., Fayvush, G., Kikvidze, Z., Khutsishvili, M., Maisaia, I., ... & Bussmann, R. W. (2017). Polygonum alpinum All. Polygonum aviculare L. Polygonum carneum C. Koch Polygonum hydropiper L. Polygonaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Caucasus (pp. 509-518). Springer, Cham. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
768 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for joint pain | Joint pain | Taken in powdered form mixed with water. | Water Mix / Oral | Gucchi | Morchella Esculenta | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Kewlani, P., Tiwari, D., Singh, L., Balodi, S., & Bhatt, I. D. (2023). Food and antioxidant supplements with therapeutic properties of Morchella esculenta (Ascomycetes): A review. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 25(9). | Anand, K., Pankaj, & Parbhakar, P. K. (2023, September). Phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Morchella esculenta: A review. In AIP conference proceedings (Vol. 2800, No. 1, p. 020287). AIP Publishing LLC. | Paul, N., Slathia, P. S., Vaid, A., & Kumar, R. (2018). Traditional knowledge of gucchi, Morchella esculenta (ascomycetes), in doda district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms, 20(5). | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
769 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for weakness and poor digestion | Weakness, indigestion | Taken as vegetable and in soup form. | Cooking | Shajkan | Geopora sumneriana | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Sharma, R., Ghosh, S., Hashmi, S. A. J., Acharya, K., & Sharma, Y. P. (2024). Potentiality of Geopora sumneriana against oxidative stress: a case study based on traditional knowledge from India. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences, 94(3), 497-504. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
770 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for fever | Fever | Used as a spice in vegetables; also useful for fever. | Spice / Fever Relief | Jangli javind | Thymus linearis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Qadir, M. I., Parveen, A., Abbas, K., & Ali, M. (2016). Analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic activities of Thymus linearis. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 29(2), 591-594. | Hussain, Z., Naqvi, S. A. R., Batool, A., Iqbal, M., & Maryam, S. (2024). Antioxidants extraction and heavy metal detection of medicinal plant thymus linearis benth. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL SCIENCES, 5(1), 50-56. | Punetha, A., Chauhan, A., Kumar, D., KT, V., Upadhyay, R. K., & Padalia, R. C. (2022). Productivity and essential oil quality of Himalayan Thyme (Thymus linearis Benth.) in relation to plant densities and drying methods. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 34(3), 262-269. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
771 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wounds | Wounds | Stem and root used together to treat wounds. | Topical Wound Healing | Pambchalan | Rheum emodi Wal | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ahmad, S. B., Rehman, M. U., Ahmad, S. P., Mudasir, S., & Mir, M. R. (2017). Rheum emodi L.(Rhubarb) promotes wound healing by decreasing inflammatory markers and enhancing accumulation of biomolecules. Annals of Phytomedicine, 6(2), 114-118. | Malik, M. A., Bhat, S. A., Fatima, B. I. L. Q. U. E. E. S., Ahmad, S. B., Sidiqui, S., & Shrivastava, P. U. R. N. I. M. A. (2016). Rheum emodi as valuable medicinal plant. Int J Gen Med Pharm, 5(4), 35-44. | Azhar, M., & Anjum, N. (2019). Revand Chini (Chinese rhubarb): A review on historical and unani classical prospect. Int. J. Unani Integr. Med, 3, 11-18. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
772 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for joint pain | Joint pain | Used as paste mixed with mustard oil and applied externally. | Paste / Oil Mix | Kukli -poth | Cuscuta reflexa | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Alamgeer, Niazi, S. G., Uttra, A. M., Qaiser, M. N., & Ahsan, H. (2017). Appraisal of anti-arthritic and nephroprotective potential of Cuscuta reflexa. Pharmaceutical biology, 55(1), 792-798. | Mushtaq, A. A. M. I. R., Rashid, S. A. R. A. H., Jamil, M. E. H. W. I. S. H., Anwar, R. U. K. H. S. A. N. A., & Khawaja, N. R. (2017). Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity of Trapa bispinosa, Chenopodium album and Cuscuta reflexa. Int. J. Biol. Pharm. Allied Sci, 6, 608-622. | Udavant, P., Upasani, C., Satyanarayana, S. V., & Kshirsagar, S. (2018). Evaluation of protective effects of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. against FCA induced arthritis in rats. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
773 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication for joint pain | Joint pain | Used to relieve joint pain, applied in powdered or paste form. | Powder / Paste | Thoul Bobul | Cotula anthemoides L | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Lone, P. A., & Bhardwaj, A. K. (2013). Ethnomedicinal uses of certain locally available plants of Bandipora district of Jammu & Kashmir, India. International journal of medicinal and aromatic plants, 3(4), 470-85. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
774 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional herb for hair growth | Hair loss | Used to promote hair growth and treat dandruff. | Hair Growth / Dandruff | Zeou Noor | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
775 | Kashmir | ANimal Health | Ethnoveterinary remedy for calcium deficiency in animals | Calcium deficiency in livestock | Administered as decoction to treat calcium deficiency. | Calcium Tonic / Decoction | Kaw Ashud | Geranium wallichianum | 🟤 Brown | Khan, F. S., Akram, M., Khaliq, A., Tahir, M. M., AHMED, I., Hamid, A., ... & Aftab, A. (2025). Phytochemical composition, heavy metals analysis and cytotoxicity by DNA prevention measurement of crude ethanolic extract of Geranium wallichianum, Elaeagnus parvifolia, and Taraxacum officinale. Pak. J. Bot, 57(1), 211-216. | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
776 | Kashmir | ANimal Health | Ethnoveterinary remedy for milk deficiency in cows | Low milk production | Given to cows to increase milk yield. | Veterinary Tonic | Palohot | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
777 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication for wound healing | Wound healing | Used to treat wounds. | Topical Wound Care | Kalvloth | Prunella Vulgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Hamida Begum | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
778 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication for toothache | Toothache | Ground into powder and used to relieve toothache. | Oral | Datur | Datura stramonium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Rukshana Bano | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
779 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication for wounds | Wound healing | Applied to wounds for healing. | Topical Wound Care | Shah li loot | Morus macroura | ⚫ Black | Least Concern | Anjum, S., Khan, A. K., Qamar, A., Fatima, N., Drouet, S., Renouard, S., ... & Hano, C. (2021). Light tailoring: Impact of UV-C irradiation on biosynthesis, physiognomies, and clinical activities of Morus macroura-mediated monometallic (Ag and ZnO) and bimetallic (Ag–ZnO) nanoparticles. International journal of molecular sciences, 22(20), 11294. | Inayat, I., Ahmad, S. N., Muqaddas, I., Suleman, S., Siddique, S., Batool, A. I., ... & Ahmad, K. R. (2020). Hepato-protective capacity of Morus (Morusmacroura) fruit extract against lead treated mice: A histopathological study. Int J Biosci, 16, 485-495. | Zomuansangi, R., Singh, A., & Yadav, M. K. (2025). Antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential of Morus macroura against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IJBB), 62(6), 665-675. | Rukshana Bano | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
780 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional treatment for wounds | Wounds | Used to treat burns and non-healing wounds. | Burn Treatment | Zakmi hayat | Rheum emodi | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Rukshana Bano | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
781 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wounds | Wounds | Ground into paste and applied to wounds. | Paste | Bergenia ligulata | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Gurav, S. S., & Gurav, N. S. (2014). A Comprehensive review: Bergenia ligulata Wall-A controversial clinical candidate. International journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research, 5(5), 1630. | Karki, S., Chowdhury, S., Nath, S., Dora, K., & Murmu, P. (2021). Phytochemistry and ethnomedicinal use of Bergenia species-a miraculous herb. Indian J Anim Health, 60(2), 143-52. | Gh Qadir Chopan | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
782 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wounds | Wounds | Powdered and applied to wounds for healing. | Powder / Wound Healing | Haend | Taraxacum officinale | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Rasool, S., & Sharma, B. (2014). Taraxacum officinale: a high value less known medicinal plant. Ann Plant Sci, 3(12), 908-915. | Yoon, H. S., An, H., & Park, C. M. (2023). Anti-metastatic Effect of Taraxacum Officinale Water and Ethanol Extracts Through the Regulation of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Huh7 Cells. Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine, 11(3), 59-67. | Rezaei, M., & Kaeidi, A. (2017). Evalution of Hydro-Alcohol Extracts of Plantago lanceolata L, Taraxacum officinale L. And Quercus robur L. in Comparsion with Zinc Oxide on Healing of Skin Wounds in Rats. Caring Today, 10(34-35), 61-70. | Gh Qadir Chopan | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
783 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for abdominal pain | Abdominal pain | Administered as decoction to relieve abdominal pain. | Decoction / Abdominal Pain | Jungle Jiand | Thymus serpyllum L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | MAHEEN, S., MALIK, M. N. H., AHMAD, T., LATIF, F., TABASSUM, N., KHAN, A. Q., ... & ALI, H. (2015). Evaluation of anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities of Thymus serphyllum Linn. in mice. Acta Pol. Pharm, 72, 113. | Ruiz-Malagón, A. J., Rodríguez-Sanchez, M. J., Rodríguez-Sojo, M. J., Vezza, T., Pischel, I., Algieri, F., ... & Gálvez, J. (2022). Intestinal anti-inflammatory and visceral analgesic effects of a Serpylli herba extract in an experimental model of irritable bowel syndrome in rats. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 967644. | Gh Qadir Chopan | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
784 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tonic for general vitality | General wellness | Given as general tonic post-delivery. | Tonic / Postpartum | Haend | Taraxacum officinale | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Gh Qadir Chopan | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
785 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal supplement for health | Weakness prevention | Used to build muscle strength. Rhizome is massaged on skin to treat boils and blisters. | Strength / Topical Massage | Hapet Gogej | Arisaema jacquemontii) | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Bala, K., Rana, J., & Sagar, A. (2019). Antibacterial and antioxidant potential of Arisaema jacquemontii Blume from Manali, Himachal Pradesh. | Gh Qadir Chopan | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
786 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional herb for hair growth | Hair loss | Applied in the form of oil to promote healthy hair and hair growth. | Hair Growth / Oil | Jungle Rohun | Allium sativum | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Lourith, N., & Kanlayavattanakul, M. (2013). Hair loss and herbs for treatment. Journal of cosmetic dermatology, 12(3), 210-222. | Bassino, E., Gasparri, F., & Munaron, L. (2020). Protective role of nutritional plants containing flavonoids in hair follicle disruption: A review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(2), 523. | Ismil, R., & Ali Besar, N. (2025). Therapeutic, cosmetic, and agricultural applications of Allium sativum L.(garlic) and Allium cepa L.(onion): A review. Egyptian Journal of Botany, 65(1), 303-310. | Gh Qadir Chopan | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
787 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for jaundice | Jaundice | Given orally to cattle to treat internal heat. | Oral / Veterinary Use | Jan e Adam | Ajuga bracteosa | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Ali, T., Jan, I., Bashir, R., Mir, S. A., Ali, S., & Bader, G. N. (2024). Attenuation of paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Ajuga bracteosa extract treated mice. Heliyon, 10(13) | Kayani, W. K., Dilshad, E., Ahmed, T., Ismail, H., & Mirza, B. (2016). Evaluation of Ajuga bracteosa for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidepressant and anticoagulant activities. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 16(1), 375. | Ganaiea, H. A., Ali, M. N., Ganaib, B. A., Kaura, J., & Ahmadb, M. (2016). Evaluation of Mutagenic and Antimutagenic Activity of Aqueous Extract of Ajuga bracteosa Wall ex. Benth. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 37(2), 156-162. | Gh Qadir Chopan | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
788 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication for pregnancy toxemia in animals | Pregnancy toxemia in livestock | Boiled in water and administered to sheep and goats to cure pregnancy toxemia. | Decoction / Veterinary Use | Mouth | Phaseolus lunatus Lin | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | No Scientific Validation | Gh Qadir Chopan | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
789 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for unhealed wounds | Chronic wounds | Ground into paste and applied to healing wounds. | Paste application | Pumbchala | Rheum emodi | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Malik, M. A., Bhat, S. A., Fatima, B. I. L. Q. U. E. E. S., Ahmad, S. B., Sidiqui, S., & Shrivastava, P. U. R. N. I. M. A. (2016). Rheum emodi as valuable medicinal plant. Int J Gen Med Pharm, 5(4), 35-44. | Handoo, N., Parrah, J. D., Gayas, M. A., Bisma, S., & Mir, M. S. (2018). Effect of Rheum emodi and its extracts on wound healing: A qualitative and quantitative histological study. J Entomol Zool Stud, 6, 1592-1597. | Tabin, S., Gupta, R. C., Kamili, A. N., & Parray, J. A. (2022). Medical and medicinal importance of Rheum spp. collected from different altitudes of the Kashmir Himalayan range. Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports, 2(3), 187-201. | Azar Ahmad | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
790 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Herbal treatment for joint pain | Joint pain | Ground into paste and applied externally to treat joint pain. | Paste application | Kuth | Saussurea lappa | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Critically Endangered | Tag, H. M., Khaled, H. E., Ismail, H. A., & El-Shenawy, N. S. (2016). Evaluation of anti-inflammatory potential of the ethanolic extract of the Saussurea lappa root (costus) on adjuvant-induced monoarthritis in rats. Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology, 27(1), 71-78. | Feng, D., & Zhu, X. (2021, May). Preventive effect of Saussurea lappa extract on osteoarthritis in mice model through inhibition of NF-κB pathway. In Doklady Biochemistry and Biophysics (Vol. 496, No. 1, pp. 56-61). Moscow: Pleiades Publishing. | Zahara, K., Tabassum, S., Sabir, S., Arshad, M., Qureshi, R., Amjad, M. S., & Chaudhari, S. K. (2014). A review of therapeutic potential of Saussurea lappa-An endangered plant from Himalaya. Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine, 7, S60-S69. | Choodej, S., Pudhom, K., & Mitsunaga, T. (2018). Inhibition of TNF-α-induced inflammation by sesquiterpene lactones from Saussurea lappa and semi-synthetic analogues. Planta medica, 84(05), 329-335. | Azar Ahmad | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |
791 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Herbal remedy for general weakness and back pain | General weakness, back pain | Taken orally to treat general weakness and back pain in elderly individuals. | Oral tonic | Kaw Ashud | Geranium wallichianum | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Jabeen, Q., Haider, S. I., Asif, A., Rasheed, R., Gul, S., & Arshad, S. (2022). Geranium wallichianum D. Don Ex Sweet ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis by curtailing the expression of COX-II and inflammatory cytokines as well as by alleviating the oxidative stress. Dose-Response, 20(3), 15593258221112649. | Malik, K., Ahmad, M., Zafar, M., Sultana, S., Tariq, A., & Rashid, N. (2019). Medicinal plants used for treatment of prevalent diseases in Northern Pakistan of Western Himalayas. In Medicinal Plants-use in prevention and treatment of diseases. IntechOpen. | Jan, H. A., Hussain, W., Abbasi, A. M., Kunwar, R. M., Bussmann, R. W., & Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y. (2020). Geranium collinum Stephan ex Willd. Geranium nepalense Sweet Geranium wallichianum D. Don ex Sweet Geraniaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Himalayas (pp. 1-9). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Azar Ahmad | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
792 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional spice used to support digestion | Indigestion | Used to treat internal heat in cattle. | Veterinary tonic | Jungle pran | Allium cepa var | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Bhattacharjee, S., Sultana, A., Sazzad, M. H., Islam, M. A., Ahtashom, M., & Asaduzzaman, M. (2013). Analysis of the proximate composition and energy values of two varieties of onion (Allium cepa L.) bulbs of different origin: A comparative study. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 2(5), 246-253. | Moreno-Ortega, A., Ordóñez, J. L., Moreno-Rojas, R., Moreno-Rojas, J. M., & Pereira-Caro, G. (2021). Changes in the organosulfur and polyphenol compound profiles of black and fresh onion during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Foods, 10(2), 337. | Ullah, H., Minno, A. D., Santarcangelo, C., Tantipongpiradet, A., Dacrema, M., Matteo, R. D., ... & Daglia, M. (2022). In vitro bioaccessibility and anti-inflammatory activity of a chemically characterized Allium cepa L. extract rich in quercetin derivatives optimized by the design of experiments. Molecules, 27(24), 9065. | Azar Ahmad | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
793 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary remedy for internal cold in cattle | Cold in livestock | Used to treat internal cold in cattle. | Veterinary tonic | Durhama | Azar Ahmad | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||||
794 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication for hair fall and dandruff | Hair fall, dandruff | Used to promote hair growth and reduce dandruff. | Hair treatment | Kukli -pot | Cuscuta reflexa | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern. | Patel, S., Sharma, V., Chauhan, N. S., & Dixit, V. K. (2014). A study on the extracts of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. in treatment of cyclophosphamide induced alopecia. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22(1), 7. | Anjum, F., Bukhari, S. A., Shahid, M., Bokhari, T. H., & Talpur, M. M. A. (2014). Exploration of nutraceutical potential of herbal oil formulated from parasitic plant. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 11(1), 78-86. | Pandit, S., Chauhan, N. S., & Dixit, V. K. (2008). Effect of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb on androgen‐induced alopecia. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 7(3), 199-204. | Javeed Ahmad Quarashi | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
795 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Herbal tonic for pregnant women | Prenatal care | Used as a post-delivery tonic for women. | Postpartum tonic | Haend | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | LC (Least Concern) | Jan, M., Khare, R. K., & Mir, T. A. (2021). Medicinal plants used during pregnancy and childbirth in Baramulla District of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 22, 1-19. | Sweeney, B., Vora, M., Ulbricht, C., & Basch, E. (2005). Evidence-based systematic review of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) by natural standard research collaboration. Journal of herbal pharmacotherapy, 5(1), 79-93. | Tahtamouni, L. H., Alqurna, N. M., Al-Hudhud, M. Y., & Al-Hajj, H. A. (2011). Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) decreases male rat fertility in vivo. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 135(1), 102-109. | Javeed Ahmad Quarashi | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
796 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Herbal remedy for coldness in animals | Cold in livestock | Decoction is given to animals to treat coldness. | Veterinary decoction | Ratan Jot | Geranium pretense L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Near Threatened | Javeed Ahmad Quarashi | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
797 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for abdominal swelling in animals | Abdominal swelling (veterinary) | Decoction is administered to treat abdominal swelling and cramps. | Decoction | Tethwan | Artemisia absinthium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC). | Beigh, Y. A., & Ganai, A. M. (2017). Potential of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium Linn.) herb for use as additive in livestock feeding: A review. The pharma innovation, 6(8, Part C), 176. | Boeing, T., de Souza, J., da Silva, R. D. C. V., Mariano, L. N. B., da Silva, L. M., Gerhardt, G. M., ... & de Souza, P. (2023). Gastroprotective effect of Artemisia absinthium L.: A medicinal plant used in the treatment of digestive disorders. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 312, 116488. | Kauser, S., Mughees, M., Swami, S., & Wajid, S. (2023). Pre-clinical toxicity assessment of Artemisia absinthium extract-loaded polymeric nanoparticles associated with their oral administration. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 14, 1196842. | Javeed Ahmad Quarashi | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
798 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal paste for boils and wound cleansing | Boils, skin wounds | Powder mixed with a little oil and water is applied to painful boils and wounds to clear impurities. | Paste application | Pambchalan | Rheum emodi Wall | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Endangered | Tabin, S., Gupta, R. C., Kamili, A. N., & Parray, J. A. (2022). Medical and medicinal importance of Rheum spp. collected from different altitudes of the Kashmir Himalayan range. Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports, 2(3), 187-201. | Tabin, S., Gupta, R. C., & Kamili, A. N. Analysis Of Anthraquinones Present In Wild Rheum Species Found On Different High Altitudes Of Kashmir Himalayan Range. | Ab Rasheed Wani | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
799 | Kashmir | Human Health | Gull leaves and seeds used for urinary and liver disorders | Urinary infection, liver disorder | Cooked leaves are used for treating urinary infection; seeds are used to treat liver disorders. | Cooked remedy | Gull | plantago lanceolata | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC). | Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Bussmann, R. W., Kikvidze, Z., & Khojimatov, O. K. (2024). Plantago lanceolata L. Plantago major L. Plantago media L. Plantaginaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Eastern Europe: Carpathians (pp. 1-23). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Zangana, M., & Jamal, A. (2021). In Vivo Treatment of Giardia lamblia by Plantago lanceolata L. extract and Investigation some Serological Parameters and Histopathological Changes. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 15(2). | Mohammad, A. J. (2012). Study the therapeutic role of Alcoholic Extract of Plantago lanceolata aganist infection with Staphylococcus saprophyticus: Hassan A. Abdul–Ratha¹ and Aseel J. Mohammad². The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 36(0E), 8-15. | Nisar ah shah | T.Y Shah, Address: T.Y Shah, Keeri Baramullah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
800 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication for boils, burns, and scars | Boils, burns, scars | Leaves and resin of Kairu are made into a paste with milk cream and applied to boils, burns, and scars. | Paste application | Kairu | Pinus wallichiana | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern. | Heinrich, M., Jiang, H., Scotti, F., Booker, A., Walt, H., Weckerle, C., & Maake, C. (2021). Medicinal plants from the Himalayan region for potential novel antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory skin treatments. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 73(7), 956-967. | Kaushik, P., Kaushik, D., & Khokra, S. L. (2013). Ethnobotany and phytopharmacology of Pinus roxburghii Sargent: a plant review. Journal of integrative medicine, 11(6), 371-376. | Javed, B., Seerat, W., Sarwer, A., & Mashwani, Z. U. R. (2020). Ethnopharmacological approaches of the native hill people of Murree and Kotli Sattian, District Rawalpindi, Province of Punjab, Pakistan. Botany Letters, 167(4), 485-501. | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
801 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for digestive problems | Indigestion | Used to treat digestive disorders. | Oral remedy | Kasini Handh | Wild Endive | Cichorium intybus L | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Janda, K., Gutowska, I., Geszke-Moritz, M., & Jakubczyk, K. (2021). The common cichory (Cichorium intybus L.) as a source of extracts with health-promoting properties—a review. Molecules, 26(6), 1814. | Naveed, M. T. (2017). Chicory (Cichorium intybus) herb: Chemical composition, pharmacology, nutritional and healthical applications. International Journal of Pharmacology. | Al-Snafi, A. E. (2016). Medical importance of Cichorium intybus–A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 6(3), 41-56. | Zaman, R., & Basar, S. N. (2013). A review article of Beekhe Kasni (Cichorium intybus) its traditional uses and pharmacological actions. Res J Pharm Sci, 2319, 555X. | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
802 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tonic for liver health | Liver disorders | Used as a liver tonic. | Oral tonic | kasini Handh | Wild Endive | Cichorium intybus L | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Naveed, M. T. (2017). Chicory (Cichorium intybus) herb: Chemical composition, pharmacology, nutritional and healthical applications. International Journal of Pharmacology. | Elgengaihi, S., Mossa, A. T. H., Refaie, A. A., & Aboubaker, D. (2016). Hepatoprotective efficacy of Cichorium intybus L. extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage in rats. Journal of dietary supplements, 13(5), 570-584. | Li, G. Y., Gao, H. Y., Huang, J., Lu, J., Gu, J. K., & Wang, J. H. (2014). Hepatoprotective effect of Cichorium intybus L., a traditional Uighur medicine, against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. World journal of gastroenterology: WJG, 20(16), 4753. | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
803 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for postpartum recovery | Postnatal recovery | Used to treat kidney disorders and improve postnatal recovery in women. | Oral tonic | wappal haakh | Himalayan Teasel | Dipsacus Inermis | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | not evaluated | Jan, M., Mir, T. A., Jan, H. A., Bussmann, R. W., & Aneaus, S. (2023). Ethnomedicinal study of plants utilized in pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum healthcare in Kashmir Himalaya. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 42, 100767. | Singh, B. P., Devashree, Y., Sharna, V., & Manhas, R. K. (2023). Diversity of wild edible plants and fungi consumed by semi-nomadic Gaddi and Sippi tribes in Doda district of Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 25, 1-33. | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
804 | Kashmir | Human Health | Root paste for healing boils | Boils, skin infection | Fresh roots are ground into paste and applied to boils and wounds. | Pumba chalan | Himalayan Rhubarb | Rheum emodi Wall | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Vulnerable | Handoo, N., Parrah, J. D., Athar, H., Abrar Gayas, M., Imtiyaz, T., & Bisma, S. (2018). Wound healing and anti-bacterial efficacy of Rheum emodi and its different extracts on excisional wounds in rabbits. J Entomol Zoology Stud, 6, 1204-1213. | Malik, M. A., Bhat, S. A., Fatima, B. I. L. Q. U. E. E. S., Ahmad, S. B., Sidiqui, S., & Shrivastava, P. U. R. N. I. M. A. (2016). Rheum emodi as valuable medicinal plant. Int J Gen Med Pharm, 5(4), 35-44. | Tabin, S., Gupta, R. C., Kamili, A. N., & Parray, J. A. (2022). Medical and medicinal importance of Rheum spp. collected from different altitudes of the Kashmir Himalayan range. Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports, 2(3), 187-201. | Tabin, S., Gupta, R. C., & Kamili, A. N. Analysis Of Anthraquinones Present In Wild Rheum Species Found On Different High Altitudes Of Kashmir Himalayan Range. | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
805 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal application for dandruff and lice removal | Dandruff, lice | Used to treat hair fall, dandruff, and to remove external pests (lice). | Zovnure | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||||
806 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication for stomach pain and infections | Stomach pain, infections | Powdered and taken with water to treat abdominal and stomach pain, and infections. | Patrees | Indian Aconite | Aconitum heterophyllum | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Endangered (EN) | Talreja, S., & Tiwari, S. (2023). A comprehensive review of Aconitum heterophyllum. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences, 8(10), 195-201. | Prasad, S. K., Jain, D., Patel, D. K., Sahu, A. N., & Hemalatha, S. (2014). Antisecretory and antimotility activity of Aconitum heterophyllum and its significance in treatment of diarrhea. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 46(1), 82-87. | Ali, S., Chouhan, R., Sultan, P., Hassan, Q. P., & Gandhi, S. G. (2023). A comprehensive review of phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of the genus Aconitum L. Advances in Traditional Medicine, 23(2), 299-320. | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
807 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal bath solution for skin ailments | Skin infection/inflammation | Boiled in water; the decoction is used as a bath for skin conditions. | Thulbabil/ Bobul | Babuna | Cotula anthemoides L | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Lone, P. A., & Rather, G. H. (2020). Documentation of traditional knowledge related to medicinal plants used against skin disorders from Bandipora district, northern part of Jammu & Kashmir, India. Journal of Traditional and Folk Practices (JTFP), 8(2). | Mahato, G., Mahato, R. K., & Hansda, B. (2023). Analysis of Phytoconstituents, Antioxidant and Anti-bacterial Properties of an Ethnobotanical Herb Cotula anthemoides L. Occurring in Purulia District of West Bengal, India. Pharmacognosy Research, 16(1). | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
808 | Kashmir | Human Health | Toothache remedy using seeds | Toothache | Ground and formed into a ball with water; applied to affected area (e.g., dental issues). | Datur | Thorn apple | Datura stramonium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | least concern | Gaire, B. P., & Subedi, L. (2013). A review on the pharmacological and toxicological aspects of Datura stramonium L. Journal of integrative medicine, 11(2), 73-79. | Megersa, M., Jima, T. T., & Goro, K. K. (2019). The use of medicinal plants for the treatment of toothache in Ethiopia. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2019(1), 2645174. | Soni, P., Siddiqui, A. A., Dwivedi, J., & Soni, V. (2012). Pharmacological properties of Datura stramonium L. as a potential medicinal tree: an overview. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 2(12), 1002-1008. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
809 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle fodder | Livestock nutrition | Used fresh or made into hay. | Dramun | Bermuda grass | Cynodon dactylon | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Hardin, A. C., Goetsch, A. L., Landis, K. M., Murphy, G. E., Johnson, Z. B., & Hall, K. L. (1989). Intake, digestion and daily gain by cattle consuming bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) and supplemented with different combinations of ground corn, vegetable oil, urea, and corn gluten and blood meals. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 25(1-2), 99-110. | Ramírez, R. G., González-Rodríguez, H., & García-Dessommes, G. (2003). Nutrient digestion of common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) Pers growing in northeastern Mexico. Journal of Applied Animal Research, 23(1), 93-102. | Silva, J. C. D., Véras, A. C., Carvalho, F. R. D., Ferreira, M. A., Souza, E. O. D., Barreto, L. G., ... & Silva, J. V. D. (2017). Nutritional value, performance, feeding behavior and serum biochemical profile of sheep fed with alfalfa hay replacing Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) hay. Chilean journal of agricultural research, 77(4), 340-345. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
810 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Boosts milk yield | Milk production in cattle | Used as fresh green fodder. | Dadije | Milk Thistle | lactuca serriola | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Abdul-Jalil, T. Z. (2020). Lactuca serriola: Short review of its phytochemical and pharmacological profiles. Intl. J. Drug Deliv. Technol, 10(3), 505-508 | QUAIL, W. T. J. EFFECT OF FREE CHOICE FEEDING BASED ON EMMER, TRITICALE. SCIENTIFIC PAPERS, 113. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
811 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Highly nutritious herbal animal feed | Livestock nutrition | Used as animal fodder. | Mohar Munj | Wild Carrot | daucus carota | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Surbhi, S., Verma, R. C., Deepak, R., Jain, H. K., & Yadav, K. K. (2018). A review: Food, chemical composition and utilization of carrot (Daucus carota L.) pomace. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 6(3), 2921-2926. | Nuriyasa, I. M., Puspani, E., & Yupardhi, W. S. (2018). Performance and carcass of local rabbit (Lepus nigricollis) fed concentrate on different levels based on carrot leaf waste (Daucus carota L.). International journal of life sciences, 2(3), 13-19. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
812 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach cleansing | Digestive detox | Juice extracted from crushed fresh leaves is diluted in water and consumed. | Tathwain | Wormwood | Artemisia absinthium | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC). | Boeing, T., de Souza, J., da Silva, R. D. C. V., Mariano, L. N. B., da Silva, L. M., Gerhardt, G. M., ... & de Souza, P. (2023). Gastroprotective effect of Artemisia absinthium L.: A medicinal plant used in the treatment of digestive disorders. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 312, 116488. | Pazhouh, H. K., Hamedi, S., Hosseini, S. M. A. R., Taghipour, A., Javadi, B., & Noras, M. (2020). Gastrointestinal effects of Artemisia absinthium Linn. based on traditional Persian medicine and new studies. Traditional Medicine Research, 5(6), 498-506. | Szopa, A., Pajor, J., Klin, P., Rzepiela, A., Elansary, H. O., Al-Mana, F. A., ... & Ekiert, H. (2020). Artemisia absinthium L.—Importance in the history of medicine, the latest advances in phytochemistry and therapeutical, cosmetological and culinary uses. Plants, 9(9), 1063. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
813 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Animal fodder that increases milk production | Milk yield in livestock | Used as roughage for cattle. | Haath Mool | common vervain | Verbena officinalis L | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No Scientific Validation | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
814 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Fodder for livestock | Livestock feed | Made into hay or grass blocks for cattle feed. | Baad Gul | broadleaf plantain | Plantago major L | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Al-Marashdeh, O., Cameron, K., Hodge, S., Gregorini, P., & Edwards, G. (2021). Integrating plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) into New Zealand grazing dairy system: The effect on farm productivity, profitability, and nitrogen losses. Animals, 11(2), 376. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
815 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tonic to reduce weakness | General weakness | Consumed ripe or prepared as jam. | Wild strawberry | Wild strawberry | Fragaria nubicola (Rosaceae) | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ahmed, M., Bose, I., Goksen, G., & Roy, S. (2023). Himalayan Sources of Anthocyanins and Its Multifunctional Applications: A Review. Foods 2023, 12, 2203. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
816 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for respiratory conditions | Respiratory tract infection | Decoction is given orally. | Shallut | Asthmaweed | Conyza bonariensis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | de Paula, C. C., Martins, D. T. D. O., Arunachalam, K., Balogun, S. O., Borges, Q. I., Picone, M. G., ... & da Silva Prado, R. M. (2018). Antimicrobial screening of medicinal plants popularly used in Mato Grosso for treating infections: advances on the evaluation of Conyza bonariensis (L.) cronquist in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities. Pharmacognosy Journal, 10(6s). | Mpenda, F. N., Nsindagi, S. P., & Mpinda, C. B. (2023). Chemical profiling and antimicrobial potential of crude extract and essential oil from Conyza bonariensis leaves. Baghdad Journal of Biochemistry and Applied Biological Sciences, 4(03), 136-150. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
817 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for anemia | Anaemia | Consumed ripe or prepared as squash or jam. | Chanch | thornless blackberry | Rubus ulmifolius | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Near Threatened. | Mehiou, A., Dib, I., Berraaouan, A., Ziyyat, A., Elachouri, M., & Bussmann, R. W. (2024). Rubus idaeus L. Rubus ulmifolius Schott. Rubus vulgaris Weihe & Nees Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of Northern Africa and Levant (pp. 1811-1825). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
818 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for mouth ulcers | Mouth ulcers | Paste is applied around the affected area. | Kamai | black nightshade | Solanum migrum | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC). | Nyeem, M., Rashid, A., Nowrose, M., & Hossain, M. (2017). Solanum nigrum (Maku): A review of pharmacological activities and clinical effects. International journal of applied research, 3, 12-17. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
819 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Herbal animal feed for reducing weakness | Livestock weakness | Eaten ripe. | Anjeer | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern. | Ewegbemi, O., Osowe, C., Olajide, O., Adu, O., & Chineke, C. (2024). PROXIMATE AND PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF FICUS SPECIES COMPOSITE LEAF POWDER. Nigerian Journal of Animal Production. https://doi.org/10.51791/njap.vi.7066. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
820 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for chest congestion | Chest congestion | Decoction is given orally. | Zarkash | Descuraina Millefolia | ⚫ Black | not evaluated | No Scientific Validation | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
821 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for mouth ulcers | Mouth ulcers | Paste is applied externally on affected areas. | Cxukchine | Erect Prickly Pear | Oxalis Stricta | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC). | Zeytinoğlu, M., Çınaroğlu, O., Bora, E., & Erbaş, O. (2025). Healing with Love: Oxytocin Accelerates Oral Ulcer Recovery by Reducing Inflammation. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14082667. | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
822 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for physical injuries | Injury | Paste is applied to injury-prone areas. | Kalvloth | common self-heal, heal-all, woundwort | Prunella valgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC). | Zhao, Z., Li, X., Zha, Z., Cui, B., & Li, Y. (2021). A Clinical Observation and Study on Prunella Vulgaris Decoction in Promoting the Repair of Chronic Infective Refractory Wounds. , 10, 10-14. https://doi.org/10.18686/AEM.V10I3.199. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
823 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herball medication for skin care | Skincare | Ground with water; the solution is applied to the affected skin. | Cxeer Kul | Common Cocklebur | Xanthium strumarium | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Zhao, Z., Han, S., Feng, W., Zhang, Z., Shen, S., Huang, H., & Wu, J. (2025). Xanthium strumarium/gelatin methacryloyl based hydrogels with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties for diabetic wound healing via akt/mtor pathway.. International journal of biological macromolecules, 140186 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140186. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
824 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for menstrual health | Menstrual disorder | Prepared as herbal tea (boiled in water), consumed without milk. | Kahaw ghass | White Dead Nettle | Lamium album | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC). | Kelayeh, T. P. S., Abedinzade, M., & Ghorbani, A. (2019). A review on biological effects of Lamium album (white dead nettle) and its components. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 8(3), 185-193. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
825 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal preparation used as tonic | General wellness | Boiled and consumed. | Bagle dal | Broad Bean | Vicia faba | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern. | Ogbole, O. O., Akin-Ajani, O. D., Ajala, T. O., Ogunniyi, Q. A., Fettke, J., & Odeku, O. A. (2023). Nutritional and pharmacological potentials of orphan legumes: Subfamily faboideae. Heliyon, 9(4). | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
826 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Animal fodder | Livestock feed | Consumed raw. | Drub Ghases | Common Lawn Grass | Cynodon dactylon | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Packialakshmi, M., Divya, M., Baranidharan, K., Geetha, S., Ganesan, K., Vijayabhama, M., Manivasakan, S., Hemalatha, P., Radha, P., Tilak, M., Priyanka, V., Krishnamoorthi, S., Vinothini, B., Zende, J., & Rajput, N. (2022). Exploring the Nutritional Potential of Wild Grass Fodder for Mega Herbivore (Elephas maximus) in the Foothills of Western Ghats. Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192668. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
827 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Animal fodder | Livestock feed | Used as fresh or dried fodder for cattle. | Batak Lyunt | Red Clover | Trifolium pratense | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Zgórka, G., & Maciejewska-Turska, M. (2021). Cultivation and Utilization of Red Clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Sustainable Development and Biodiversity. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74779-4_10. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
828 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for fatigue and depression | Fatigue, depression | Given raw. | Gand Soy | Catnip | Nepeta cataria L. | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern. | Bernardi, M., Bernardi, M., Kirsten, T., Salzgeber, S., Ricci, E., Romoff, P., Lago, J., & Lourenço, L. (2010). Antidepressant-like effects of an apolar extract and chow enriched with Nepeta cataria (catnip) in mice. Psychology and Neuroscience, 3, 251-258. https://doi.org/10.3922/J.PSNS.2010.2.015. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
829 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for cancer treatment | Cancer support | Prepared as an edible vegetable. | Tsochal | Common Mallow | Malva neglecta L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Arslan, İ., Kaya, Ö., & Çeli̇k, T. (2023). PHYTOCHEMICALANALYSIS OF ACTIVE PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS IN SOME PLANTS USED AS TRADITIONAL FOLK DRUGS FOR CANCER AND LITERATURE REVIEW OF THEIR ANTI-CANCER EFFECTS. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2106_59015914. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
830 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for indigestion | Indigestion | Cooked and consumed as vegetables. | Bari Kul | Basil | Ocimum Basilicus | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Bhat, G., Majeed, H., Islam, M., Rather, T., Bakshi, M., Shahkhan, F., & Bhat, R. (2020). Indigenous medicinal practices of Ocimum basilicum L. in rural Kashmir. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 9, 1876-1881. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
831 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for chest infections | Chest infection | Decoction is given for therapeutic use. | Kecx Kul | Himalayan Indigo | Indigofera heterantha | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Not scientific validation | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
832 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal Tea | antioxidant tea | Prepared as green tea. | Bhang Kul | Marijuana | Cannabis Sativa Indica | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Hazekamp, A., Bastola, K., Rashidi, H., Bender, J., & Verpoorte, R. (2007). Cannabis tea revisited: a systematic evaluation of the cannabinoid composition of cannabis tea. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 113(1), 85-90. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
833 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Animal fodder | Livestock feed | Consumed raw. | Durham | witchgrass | Panicum Capillare | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Aganga, A. A., & Tshwenyane, S. (2004). Potentials of guinea grass (Panicum maximum) as forage crop in livestock production. Pakistan journal of nutrition, 3(1), 1-4. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
834 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for digestive disorders | Digestive issues | Used as vegetables. | Kunn | Kashmir Elder | Sambucus Wightiana | ⚫ Black | Least Concern (LC) | Chashoo, I. A., Wani, S. U. D., Raja, W. Y., Bhat, Z. A., Ali, M., Alshehri, S., ... & Shakeel, F. (2023). Physicochemical characterization, phytochemical analysis, and pharmacological evaluation of Sambucus wightiana. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 16(10), 105170. | Khuda, F., Haq, Z. U., Ilahi, I., Ullah, R., Khan, A., Fouad, H., ... & Batiha, G. E. S. (2021). Synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Sambucus wightiana extract and investigation of its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and analgesic activities. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 14(10), 103343. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
835 | Kashmir | industrail aplicabity | Traditional dye for wood and fabrics | Non-medicinal (dye use) | Boiled in water; concentrated solution is used as natural dye. | Phak Ghass | Stinking Chamomile | Anthemis cotula L. | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Mia, R., Bakar, M., Islam, M., & Ahmed, T. (2023). Eco-friendly coloration from mahogany wood waste for sustainable dyeing of organic nonwoven cotton fabric. Results in Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101032. | Risnasari, I., Fachrudin, K., Sitinjak, R., Rangkuti, F., & Handoyo, A. (2025). Potential of Malacca (Phyllanthus emblica L.) wood extracts as natural dyes for textiles. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1445. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1445/1/012039. | mohd assadulla shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
836 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for knee pain and weakness | Joint pain, weakness | Boiled and made into paste for topical application. | Hand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Martínez, M., Poirrier, P., Chamy, R., Prüfer, D., Schulze-Gronover, C., Jorquera, L., & Ruiz, G. (2015). Taraxacum officinale and related species-An ethnopharmacological review and its potential as a commercial medicinal plant.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 169, 244-62 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.067. | Hao, F., Deng, X., Yu, X., Wang, W., Yan, W., Zhao, X., Wang, X., Bai, C., Wang, Z., & Han, L. (2024). Taraxacum: A Review of Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activity.. The American journal of Chinese medicine, 1-33 . https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X24500083. | posha begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
837 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Animal feed | Livestock nutrition | Consumed raw. | Mazan | Summer Cypress | Bassia Scoparia | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Oliveira, M., Hoste, H., & Custódio, L. (2020). A systematic review on the ethnoveterinary uses of Mediterranean salt-tolerant plants: exploring its potential use as fodder, nutraceuticals or phytotherapeutics in ruminant production.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 113464 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.113464. | posha begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
838 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal preparation used as tonic | General tonic | Taken in the form of juice. | Mishri Grass | Sweet Cherry | Prunus Avium | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Hussain, S., Javed, M., Abid, M. A., Khan, M. A., Syed, S. K., Faizan, M., & Feroz, F. (2021). Prunus avium L.; Phytochemistry, nutritional and pharmacological review. Advancements in Life Sciences, 8(4), 307-314. | Bussmann, R. W., Batsatsashvili, K., Kikvidze, Z., Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Khutsishvili, M., Maisaia, I., ... & Tchelidze, D. (2020). Prunus avium (L.) L. Prunus cerasus L. Prunus divaricata Ledeb. Prunus domestica L. Prunus insititia L. Prunus laurocerasus L. Prunus padus L. Prunus vachuschtii Bregadze Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Far Eastern Europe: Ural, Northern Caucasus, Turkey, and Iran (pp. 1-17). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | posha begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
839 | Kashmir | Human Health | tonic | General tonic | Taken in the form of juice. | Ganhar | green amaranth | Amaranthaceae | 🟤 Brown | Not Applicable (N/A) | Mroczek, A. (2015). Phytochemistry and bioactivity of triterpene saponins from Amaranthaceae family. Phytochemistry Reviews, 14(4), 577-605. | posha begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
840 | Kashmir | Human Health | Hair care treatment to reduce hair fall | Hair fall | Dried, powdered, and added to hair oil to treat dandruff or hair issues. | Kukli port | Cuscuta reflexa | Cuscuta reflexa | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Pandit, S., Chauhan, N. S., & Dixit, V. K. (2008). Effect of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb on androgen‐induced alopecia. Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 7(3), 199-204. | Patel, S., Sharma, V., Chauhan, N. S., & Dixit, V. K. (2014). A study on the extracts of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. in treatment of cyclophosphamide induced alopecia. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22(1), 7. | Patel, S., Sharma, V., S. Chauhan, N., Thakur, M., & Dixit, V. K. (2015). Hair growth: focus on herbal therapeutic agent. Current drug discovery technologies, 12(1), 21-42. | Patel, S., Sharma, V., Chauhan, N. S., & Dixit, V. K. (2014). A study on the extracts of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. in treatment of cyclophosphamide induced alopecia. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22(1), 7. | posha Begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |
841 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal energy booster | Weakness, fatigue | Leaves of meethi are boiled and ground into paste for application. | Methi | Fenugreek | Trigonella Foenum Graecum | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Park, J. H., & Kim, I. H. (2015). Interactive effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed extract supplementation and dietary metabolisable energy levels on the growth performance, total tract digestibility, blood profiles, and excreta gas emission in broiler chickens. Animal Production Science, 56(10), 1677-1682. | Yadav, U. C., & Baquer, N. Z. (2014). Pharmacological effects of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. in health and disease. Pharmaceutical biology, 52(2), 243-254. | posha begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
842 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for hair fall | Hair fall | Boiled in water or its juice is added to oil and applied externally. | Pran | Onion | Allium cepa var. proliferum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Upadhyay, R. K. (2016). Nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and therapeutic uses of Allium cepa: A review. International Journal of Green Pharmacy (IJGP), 10(1). | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
843 | Kashmir | Human Health | Anaemia remedy that also reduces weakness | Anaemia, weakness | Ripe fruits are eaten directly. | Kashmiri Pomegranate | Pomegranate | Punica granatum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Urbaniak, A., Basta, P., Ast, K., Wołoszyn, A., Kuriańska–Wołoszyn, J., Latour, E., & Skarpańska–Stejnborn, A. (2018). The impact of supplementation with pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) juice on selected antioxidant parameters and markers of iron metabolism in rowers. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15(1), 35. | Hafiz, T. A., Mubaraki, M. A., Al-Quraishy, S., & Dkhil, M. A. (2016). The potential role of Punica granatum treatment on murine malaria-induced hepatic injury and oxidative stress. Parasitology research, 115(4), 1427-1433. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
844 | Kashmir | Human Health | Iron-rich vegetable for pregnant women | Anaemia (prenatal) | Given as cooked vegetables to pregnant women to treat low iron levels. | Wast Hak | Redroot Pigweed | Amaranthus dubius | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Nyonje, W. A. (2022). Phenotypic based characterization of nutritional and bioactive traits of amaranth vegetable for improved iron bioavailability and acceptability (Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT-AGRICULTURE). | Macharia-Mutie, C. W. (2012). Efficacy of amaranth grain (Amaranthus cruentus) on anaemia and iron deficiency in Kenyan pre-school children. Wageningen University and Research. | Ruth, O. N., Unathi, K., Nomali, N., & Chinsamy, M. (2021). Underutilization versus nutritional-nutraceutical potential of the Amaranthus food plant: a mini-review. Applied Sciences, 11(15), 6879. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
845 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal Tea | reduce stress. | Used in tea to reduce stress. | Gulal Kul | Common Poppy | Papaver Rhoeas L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Hmamou, A., El-Assri, E. M., El Khomsi, M., Kara, M., Alshawwa, S. Z., Al Kamaly, O., ... & Lahkimi, A. (2023). Papaver rhoeas L. stem and flower extracts: Anti-struvite, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antidepressant activities. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 31(8), 101686. | Kim, H., Han, S., Song, K., Lee, M. Y., Park, B., Ha, I. J., & Lee, S. G. (2021). Ethyl acetate fractions of Papaver rhoeas L. and Papaver nudicaule L. exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Antioxidants, 10(12), 1895. | Hmamou, A., El Khomsi, M., El-Assri, E. M., Kara, M., El Ouadrhiri, F., Bendaoud, A., ... & Lahkimi, A. (2024). Chemical characterization, anti-struvite crystal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antidepressant activities of Papaver rhoeas L. root and leaf extracts. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 319, 117208. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
846 | Kashmir | Medicinal uses not specified | Not documented | Ground into a paste and applied. | Tiptas Kul | Small balsam | Impatiens parriflora | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||
847 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache | Toothache | Used to make miswak for brushing teeth. | Kreel Weer | willow | Salix alba var | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Radvar, M., Moeintaghavi, A., Tafaghodi, M., Ghanbari, H., Fatemi, K., Mokhtari, M. R., ... & Farazi, F. (2016). Clinical efficacy of an herbal mouth wash composed of Salix alba, Malva sylvestrais and Althaea officinalis in chronic periodontitis patients. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 6(1), 24-27. | Suman, R., & Dhatwalia, S. K. (2024). A comprehensive systematic review of plant species utilized for dental care management in Himachal Pradesh, India. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 28, 1-22. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
848 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary use: Cattle feed | Livestock nutrition | Consumed raw. | Hoone Wisk | Barley Brome | Bromus Hordeaceus | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Scholz, H. (2008). Some comments on the genus Bromus (Poaceae) and three new species. Willdenowia, 38(2), 411-422. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
849 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for skin redness | Skin irritation | Used topically in the form of paste. | Cxari Saban | Scarlet Pimpernel | Anagallis arvensis | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Saleem, H., Zengin, G., Locatelli, M., Abidin, S. A. Z., & Ahemad, N. (2022). Investigation of phytochemical composition and enzyme inhibitory potential of Anagallis arvensis L. Natural Product Research, 36(14), 3750-3755. | Cavero, R. Y., Akerreta, S., & Calvo, M. I. (2013). Medicinal plants used for dermatological affections in Navarra and their pharmacological validation. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 149(2), 533-542. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
850 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication for urinary infection treatment | Urinary tract infection | Administered as decoction. | Shipatter | Goose Grass | Galium Triflorum | ⚫ Black | Least Concern (LC) | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
851 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for indigestion | Indigestion | Given as decoction for internal use. | Mahare ghass | Hordeum Pusillum | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||||
852 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy used as general tonic | General weakness | Ground with honey to form a jelly-like mixture; given by spoon daily. | Kaind Kul | Dog Rose | Rosa Canina | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Negrean, O., Fǎrcaş, A., Nemeș, S., Cic, D., & Socaci, S. (2024). Recent advances and insights into the bioactive properties and applications of Rosa canina L. and its by-products. Heliyon, 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30816. | Khazaei, M., Khazaei, M., & Pazhouhi, M. (2020). AN OVERVIEW OF THERAPEUTIC POTENTIALS OF ROSA CANINA : A TRADITIONALLY VALUABLE HERB. . | Marković, M., Pljevljakušić, D., Nikolić, B., & Rakonjac, L. (2020). Application of dog rose (Rosa canina L.) in ethnomedicine of the Pirot County. , 1-16. https://doi.org/10.5937/pirotzbor2045001m. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
853 | Kashmir | Human Health | Tonic decoction for digestive relief | Digestive issues | Juice/decoction is given orally. | Ring | Howthorn berries | Crataegus oxyacantha | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Mecheri, A., Benabderrahmane, W., Amrani, A., Boubekri, N., Benayache, F., Benayache, S., & Zama, D. (2019). Hepatoprotective Effects of Algerian Crataegus oxyacantha Leaves.. Recent patents on food, nutrition & agriculture, 10 1, 70-75 . https://doi.org/10.2174/2212798410666180730095456. | Kashyap, C. P., Arya, V., & Thakur, N. (2012). Ethnomedicinal and phytopharmacological potential of Crataegus oxyacantha Linn.–A review. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 2(2), S1194-S1199. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
854 | Kashmir | Human Health | Skin care and tonic use | Skin care, general wellness | Paste is massaged onto face. | Jungle gulab safaid | Dog rose/rosehip | Rosa canina | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Ahmad, N., & Anwar, F. (2016). Rose hip (Rosa canina L.) oils. In Essential oils in food preservation, flavor and safety (pp. 667-675). Academic Press. | Johnson, W., Bergfeld, W. F., Belsito, D. V., Hill, R. A., Klaassen, C. D., Liebler, D. C., ... & Heldreth, B. (2022). Safety assessment of Rosa canina-derived ingredients as used in cosmetics. International journal of toxicology, 41(1_suppl), 44S-60S. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
855 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for diarrhea and cramps | Diarrhoea, abdominal cramps | Ground into juice and given orally. | Kaavdash | berberis lycium | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Muhammad Shafeeq-ur-Rahaman, M. S. U. R., Chaudhary, M. A., Bashir Ahmad, B. A., & Alamgeer Alamgeer, A. A. (2013). Rationalization of traditional uses of Berberis lycium in gastrointestinal disorders. | Gilani, S. A., Khan, A. M., Qureshi, R. A., Sherwani, S. K., Ullah Khan, R., & Bokhari, T. Z. (2014). Ethnomedicinal treatment of common gastrointestinal disorders by indigenous people in Pakistan. Adv Biores, 5, 42-49. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
856 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for cough | Cough | Thin slices are sun-dried for winter use. | Bamchoonth | Quince apple | Cydonia oblonga | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Fazeenah, A. A., & Quamri, M. A. (2016). Behidana (Cydonia oblonga Miller)—a review. World J Pharm Res, 5(11), 79-91. | Al-Snafi, A. E. (2016). The medical importance of Cydonia oblonga-A review. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy, 6(6), 87-99. | Khoubnasabjafari, M., & Jouyban, A. (2011). A review of phytochemistry and bioactivity of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5(16), 3577-3594. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
857 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for indigestion | Indigestion | Fresh fruits are juiced and consumed. | Kecham trail | Crab apple | Malus sylvestris | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient (DD) | Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Bussmann, R. W., & Kikvidze, Z. (2025). Malus baccata Loisel Malus domestica Borkh Malus sylvestris (L.) Miller Malus sieversii M. Roem. Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Eastern Europe: Carpathians (pp. 1665-1682). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. | Bhat, R., Mestha, S., Nagesh, S., Shanbhag, P., Veigas, G., & Kumar, R. (2022). An investigation of ant-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Malus sylvestris fruits in experimental animals. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 9, 606-610. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
858 | Kashmir | Human Health | Spice-based herbal remedy with milk for digestion | Indigestion | Ground into powder and used as spice or tonic with milk. | Jungli Haldi | Wild Turmeric | Curcuma aromatica | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Li, Y., Wo, J. M., Liu, Q., Li, X., & Martin, R. C. (2009). Chemoprotective effects of Curcuma aromatica on esophageal carcinogenesis. Annals of surgical oncology, 16(2), 515-523. | Sharangi, A. B., & Das, S. (2022). Healing indigestion: A phytotherapeutic review. Advances in Traditional Medicine, 22(3), 437-453. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
859 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for kidney and stone pain | Kidney stones | Powdered and taken with water. | Mushk Bala | Smooth Catmint | Nepeta laevigata | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Ballabh, B., Chaurasia, O. P., Ahmed, Z., & Singh, S. B. (2008). Traditional medicinal plants of cold desert Ladakh—used against kidney and urinary disorders. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 118(2), 331-339 | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
860 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cough | Cough | Roots of musloon are ground into paste for application. | Musloon Roots | Bistorta amplexicaulis | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Batool, S., Asad, M. J., Arshad, M., Saleem, R. S. Z., & Ahmad, M. S. (2021). The supremacy of synergism: a comparison of anticancer activity of rhizome extract of bistorta amplexicaulis and gallic acid in cancer cell lines and primary cells. Current Nutraceuticals, 2(1), 21-26. | Fayaz, M., Singh, S., Bhat, I. A., Bhat, M. H., Khanday, F. A., & Dar, A. A. (2025). Efficient Micropropagation of Bistorta amplexicaulis (D. Don) Greene: An Important Medicinal Plant of Western Himalaya. International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2025(1), 4457383. | Fatima begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
861 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for back pain | Back pain | Made into a paste with boiling water for external application. | Ratan Joot | Meadow Geranium | Geranium pratense L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Küpeli, E., Tatli, I. I., Akdemir, Z. S., & Yesilada, E. (2007). Estimation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity on Geranium pratense subsp. finitimum and its phenolic compounds. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 114(2), 234-240. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
862 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach and sugar problems | Indigestion, diabetes | Make Paste of patrees roots add in boil water and use | Patrees | Greenish Himalayan Monkshood | Aconitum heterophyllum | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Endangered (EN) | Zishan, A., & Shreekar, P. (2021). Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle; an endemic, highly medicinal and critically endangered plant species of Northwestern Himalaya in peril. Current Traditional Medicine. https://doi.org/10.2174/2215083807666210924162204. | Prasad, S., Jain, D., Patel, D., Sahu, A., & Hemalatha, S. (2014). Antisecretory and antimotility activity of Aconitum heterophyllum and its significance in treatment of diarrhea. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 46, 82 - 87. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.125182. | Kour, G., Chaubey, S., Singh, D., & Mishra, R. (2021). ATIVISA (ACONITUM HETEROPHYLLUM WALL EX. ROYLE): A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON PROPAGATION, TRADITIONAL USES AND PHARMACOLOGY. AYUSHDHARA. https://doi.org/10.47070/ayushdhara.v8i2.714. | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
863 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for black cough | Whooping cough | Burnt and ground into small pieces for use. | Banhota | Fatima begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
864 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for diabetic-related discomfort | Diabetic neuropathy | Picked and made into paste; boiled in water and used in rice. | Khori Jodi Root | posha begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
865 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach pain and headache | Stomach pain, headache | Roots of choro are powdered and heated in oil for application. | Choro | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
866 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for children's tooth pain | Toothache (children) | Boiled in water and used. | Zeher Ka Phool | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
867 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for pneumonia and cold | Pneumonia, cold | Boiled in water and used. | Landi | GH qadir chopan | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
868 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for stomach and other body pains | Abdominal and body pain | Picked, boiled, and made into paste; used in food. | Bhodi aye Jaddi | mehjoor mohd shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
869 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tonic for energy and pain relief | Fatigue, body ache | Paste is made and used in vegetable dishes. | Khafal soduto | posha begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
870 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for joint and back pain | Joint and back pain | Mameek roots are made into paste, boiled with rice and ghee to prepare halwa. | Mameek | Paeonia Emodi | Paeonia Emodi | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern. | Sharma, A. K., Gupta, V., & Manigauh, A. (2021). Compressive Review on Plant Profile, Ethnomedicinal Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Paeonia emodi Royle (Himalayan Paeony). Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 33(63B), 549-558. | Zahra, N., Iqbal, J., Arif, M., Abbasi, B. A., Sher, H., Nawaz, A. F., ... & Calina, D. (2023). A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle: current landscape and future perspectives. Chinese medicine, 18(1), 23. | Kumar, S., Ratha, K. K., Rao, M. M., & Acharya, R. (2022). A comprehensive review on the phytochemistry, pharmacological, ethnobotany, and traditional uses of Paeonia species. Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology, 12(1), 13-24. | posha begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
871 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tonic | General weakness | Ground into juice and consumed orally. | Rangrash | Himalayan Strawberry | Fragaria nubicola | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Bussmann, R. W., & Kikvidze, Z. (2024). Fragaria moschata Weston Fragaria vesca L. Fragaria viridis Duch. Rosaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Eastern Europe: Carpathians (pp. 1-19). Cham: Springer International Publishing. | Ali, S. (2023). A study on different plant species of the Rosaceae family and their ethnobotanical uses among the local communities at Swat district, Pakistan. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 25, 1-16. | posha begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
872 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for jaundice | Jaundice | Used to treat jaundice. | KAMBLI KUL | Saima bano | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
873 | Kashmir | Human Health | Postnatal tonic given to women after delivery | Postpartum care | Given to women after delivery. | chikal | chickweed | Stellaria media.L Caryophyllaceae | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Bencheikh, N., Elachouri, M., & Bussmann, R. W. (2024). Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Caryophyllaceae. In Ethnobotany of Northern Africa and Levant (pp. 1959-1963). Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland. | Chidrawar, V. R. (2011). Pharmacological and phytochemical studies of ayuvedic plants for anti-obesity and anti-diabetic activity (Doctoral dissertation, Saurashtra University). | Saima bano | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
874 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for toothache | Toothache | Used to treat toothache. | Ratan Joot | Meadow Geranium | Geranium pretense L | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Williamson, E. M. (2002). Use of Geranium species extracts as herbal medicines. In Geranium and Pelargonium (pp. 52-58). CRC Press. | Saima bano | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
875 | Kashmir | Human Health | Root powder applied for wound healing | Wounds | Powdered dried roots are applied to wounds. | neej masrin | Zareefa Begum | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
876 | Kashmir | Human Health | Worm and vomiting remedy | Intestinal worms, vomiting | Used to treat worms and vomiting. | yen | Horse Mint | Mentha longifolia | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Bussmann, R. W., Paniagua-Zambrana, N. Y., Khutsishvili, M., Kikvidze, Z., Khojimatov, O. K., Fayvush, G., ... & Muradalievich, A. A. (2024). Mentha aquatica L. Mentha arvensis L. Mentha longifolia (L.) L. Mentha× piperita L. Mentha pulegium L. Mentha× rotundifolia (L.) Huds. Mentha spicata L. Mentha suaveolens Ehrh. Mentha spicata subsp. spicata L. Lamiaceae. In Ethnobotany of the Caucasus (pp. 1-43). Springer, Cham. | Zareefa Begum | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
877 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back and joint pain | Back and joint pain | Used to treat back and joint pain. | chikal | chickweed | Stellaria media.L Caryophyllaceae | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Das, S. (2018). EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL AND ANALGESIC PROPERTY OF STELLARIA MEDIA L.. , 5, 1456-1461. https://doi.org/10.21276/irjps.2018.5.2.8. | Zareefa Begum | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
878 | Kashmir | Human Health | Root powder used on boils | Boils | Powdered dried roots are used to treat wounds. | chouk masrin | Shafeeqa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
879 | Kashmir | Human Health | Crushed powder used on boils | Boils | Crushed and applied over boils. | kall wouth | Self-Heal Herb | Prunella vulgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Mir, R., Bhat, M., Sawhney, G., Kumar, P., Andrabi, N., Shaikh, M., Mohi-Ud-Din, R., & Masoodi, M. (2021). Prunella vulgaris L: Critical Pharmacological, Expository Traditional uses and Extensive Phytochemistry: A Review.. Current drug discovery technologies. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570163818666210203181542. | Shafeeqa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
880 | Kashmir | Human Health | Dried leaves with ghee applied to skin | Skin infection, boils | Crushed and applied with ghee to affected areas. | dadri dawa | Shafeeqa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
881 | Kashmir | Human Health | Boiled root decoction for children's infection | Childhood infection | Boiled in water for 30 mins; extract is consumed (used for infections in children). | gandh soi | Catnip | Nepeta cataria L. | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Nadeem, A., Shahzad, H., Ahmed, B., Muntean, T., Waseem, M., & Tabassum, A. (2022). Phytochemical profiling of antimicrobial and potential antioxidant plant: Nepeta cataria. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.969316. | Shafeeqa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
882 | Kashmir | Human Health | Ghee and leaf mixture for wound care | Wound healing | Crushed and applied with ghee to treat wounds or infections. | dadri dawa | Shafeeqa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
883 | Kashmir | Human Health | Wild wax and leaf paste for boils | Boils | Mixed with wild wax and applied to treat boils. | fook doon gassi | Shaheena Begum | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
884 | Kashmir | Human Health | Roasted herbal to control diabetes | Diabetes | Roasted and used to regulate blood sugar. | wan rohon | Kashmiri Garlic | Allium sativum | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Delgado, E., Quiroz-Aldave, J., Durand-Vásquez, M., Aldave-Pita, L., Fuentes-Mendoza, J., Concepción-Urteaga, L., Paz-Ibarra, J., & Concepción-Zavaleta, M. (2025). Immunomodulatory effect of allium sativum in type 2 diabetes mellitus. World Journal of Experimental Medicine. https://doi.org/10.5493/wjem.v15.i2.103481. | Pandian, P., , A., & Kumar.Ch, S. (2023). Evaluation of Anti-Diabetic Activity of Isolated Fractions of Allium Sativum. Journal of Advanced Zoology. https://doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44is-5.1901. | Shaheena Begum | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
885 | Kashmir | Human Health | Tonic for lactating mothers | Postpartum tonic | Given to lactating mothers as an energy booster. | mongri | Rifat bano | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
886 | Kashmir | Human Health | Winter remedy to keep body warm | Cold protection | Used to keep warm during winter; protects against cold. | prenak nishasta | Rifat bano | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
887 | Kashmir | Human Health | Traditional use: Energetic fruit | Fatigue recovery | Consumed as an energetic fruit. | ring fruit | Howthorn berries | Crataegus oxyacantha | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Skrypnik, L., Melnichuk, I., & Koroleva, Y. (2020). NUTRITIONAL AND BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF FRUITS OF CRATAEGUS OXYACANTHA L.. , 265-275. https://doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2020015452. | Rifat bano | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
888 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication for abdominal cramps | Abdominal cramps | Crushed and left overnight; water is consumed in the morning for stomach issues. | taithwan | Common Wormwood | Artimesia absenthium | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Lin, Z., Wu, H., Fu, Y., & Dai, S. (2019). Application of Herbaceous Medications for Inflammatory Bowel Disease as a Complementary and Alternative Therapy.. Inflammatory bowel diseases. https://doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izz190. | Rifat bano | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
889 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy: Fresh aerial leaves ground into paste for wound healing | Wound healing | Aerial parts and leaves are ground into paste and applied to treat wounds. | Kalyout | Prunella Valgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Akkol, E., Renda, G., Ilhan, M., & Bektaş, N. (2022). Wound healing acceleration and anti-inflammatory potential of Prunella vulgaris L.: From conventional use to preclinical scientific verification.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 115411 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115411. | Zareefa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
890 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal wound remedy | Wound healing | Used to treat wounds by applying paste on the affected area. | Kelim | Zareefa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
891 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for wound healing | Wound healing | Dry roots are powdered and applied externally to treat wounds. | Pamchalan | Himalayan Rhubarb | Rheum Emodi | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Endangered (EN) (regional) | Handoo, N., Parrah, J., Gayas, M., Bisma, S., & Mir, M. (2018). Effect of Rheum emodi and its extracts on wound healing: A qualitative and quantitative histological study. Journal of entomology and zoology studies, 6, 1592-1597. | Handoo, N., Parrah, J., Moulvi, B., Ansari, M., Athar, H., Imtiyaz, T., Nabi, N., Siraj, G., & Malik, Z. (2015). Effect of different extracts of Rheum emodi for wound healing in rabbit model.. international journal of veterinary science, 4, 50-54. | Zareefa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
892 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal wound treatment for diabetic wounds | Diabetic wound healing | Dry roots are powdered and used topically to treat wounds. | Neig Machran | Zareefa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
893 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat fractures | Bone fracture | Paste of fresh leaves is applied to fractures for healing. | Pal phort | Zareefa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
894 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal decoction for the treatment of labour pain and miscarriage | Labour pain, miscarriage prevention | Decoction of fresh leaves is given to ease labor pain and reduce risk of miscarriage. | Halun | Asparagus filicinus Buch | 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient (DD) | Smith, C., Collins, C., Levett, K., Armour, M., Dahlen, H., Tan, A., & Mesgarpour, B. (2020). Acupuncture or acupressure for pain management during labour.. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2, CD009232 . https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009232.pub2. | Zareefa | Nowgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
895 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for head and body aches | Headache, body ache | Decoction is used in bathing to relieve muscle tension, stress, and body aches. | Kalveuth | Self-Heal Herb | Prunella vulgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Pan, J., Wang, H., & Chen, Y. (2022). Prunella vulgaris L. – A Review of its Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Quality Control and Pharmacological Effects. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.903171. | Gulam mohi ud din , Taja begum , Tasleema begum | Village: Sheikpora Village: Kachwa Muqam | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
896 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal tonic or supplement for pregnant women | Prenatal wellness | Cooked leaves are consumed post-delivery as a tonic meal. | Haand | Dandelion | Taraxacum officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | No studies have evaluated the safety or benefits of dandelion during pregnancy or its effects on prenatal development in humans. | Zareefa Village: Nowgam Abdul Karim Poda Village: Bandibala Taja begum Village: Shiekhpora Raja Begum Village: Bandi Payeen Hakeem Sabzar Ahmad Village: Kulgam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
897 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for respiratory issues | Respiratory problems | Decoction is prepared from the plant and administered orally. | ‘Kahzaban/ Gawzaban’ | Himalayan Arnebia | Arnebia benthamii | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Critically Endangered (CR) | Ahmad, L., He, Y., Hao, J., Semotiuk, A., Liu, Q., & Mazari, P. (2018). Toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids provide a warning sign to overuse of the ethnomedicine Arnebia benthamii.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 210, 88-94 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.009. | Laxmi, K. (2016). A PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW ON - ARNEBIA BENTHAMII. . | Gulnaz Begum | Bandibala | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||
898 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for respiratory issues: cough, chest congestion, and asthma | Cough, chest congestion, asthma | Decoction of leaves is given orally. | ‘Kahzaban/ Gawzaban’ | Himalayan Arnebia | Arnebia benthamii | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Critically Endangered (CR) | Ganie, S. A., Dar, T. A., Hamid, R., Zargar, O., Abeer, S. U., Masood, A., ... & Zargar, M. A. (2014). In vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Arnebia benthamii (Wall ex. G. Don): a critically endangered medicinal plant of Kashmir valley. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2014(1), 792574. | Ahmad, L., He, Y., Hao, J., Semotiuk, A., Liu, Q., & Mazari, P. (2018). Toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids provide a warning sign to overuse of the ethnomedicine Arnebia benthamii.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 210, 88-94 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2017.08.009. | Laxmi, K. (2016). A PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW ON - ARNEBIA BENTHAMII. . | Taja begum | Sheikpora | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||
899 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal medication to cure jaundice | Jaundice | Entire plant is boiled to make a decoction, which is administered orally. | Dade | Bird's-nest ferns | Asplenium falcatum | ⚫ Black | Critically Endangered (CR) | There is no evidence in the scientific literature supporting the use of Asplenium falcatum to cure jaundice. Other medicinal plants have stronger traditional and scientific backing for this purpose. | Raja Begum Village: Nagbal Haja Begum | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
900 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for stomach burning and heartburn | Gastric burning, heartburn | Boiled as tea and consumed. | Dade | Bird's-nest ferns | Asplenium falcatum | ⚫ Black | Critically Endangered (CR) | No Scientific research | Tasleema begum | Kachwa Muqam | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
901 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for throat soreness, swelling, and tonsillitis | Sore throat, tonsillitis | Decoction is used as a gargle to treat throat swelling and infection. | Sozposh | Hollyhock | Althaearosa | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Roventa, D., Pieper-Fürst, U., Acikel, C., Santos, D., Sent, U., & Mösges, R. (2023). Effectiveness and Tolerability of Ectoin® Mouth and Throat Spray Althaea Honey (ERS09) for Sore Throat due to Acute Pharyngitis and Dry Cough: A Multicentre, Actively Controlled, Open Label Study in Germany. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12185813. | Mansoora bagum Village: Bandibala Haja Begum Village : Nilsar Haleema Begum Village: Nagbal | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
902 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for kidney and bladder health including UTIs and stones | Kidney and bladder issues, UTIs, stones | Decoction is given orally twice daily. | Maki | Corn Silk | Zea mays | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Gumaih, H., Alasbahy, A., Alharethi, S., Al-Asmari, S., & Al-Khulaidi, A. (2023). Antiurolithiasis activities of Zea mays extract and its mechanism as antiurolithiasis remedy.. American journal of clinical and experimental urology, 11 5, 443-451 . | Pardede, T., & Muchlisyam, M. (2018). ANALYSIS ON CALCIUM SOLUBILITY IN KIDNEY STONES (IN VITRO) AND DIURETIC EFFECT (IN VIVO) USING CORN SILK (ZEA MAYS L.) INFUSE. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 11, 80-83. https://doi.org/10.22159/AJPCR.2018.V11S1.26573. | Umer Majeed Village: Kohilina Gul Naz Begum Village: Bandibalsa Ab Rasheed Wani Village : T.Y. Shah | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
903 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for arthritis and joint pain | Arthritis, joint pain | Extracts are used internally or externally depending on condition. | soi | Nettle | Urtica dioica | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Liao, J. C., Wei, Z. X., Ma, Z. P., Zhao, C., & Cai, D. Z. (2016). Evaluation of a root extract gel from Urtica dioica (Urticaceae) as analgesic and anti-inflammatory therapy in rheumatoid arthritis in mice. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 15(4), 781-785. | Bashir Ahmed Malik Abdul Khasana Village : Bandibala Farooq Shah T.Y Shash Tasleema Begum Village: Kachwa Muqam | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
904 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for indigestion, bloating, and constipation | Indigestion, bloating, constipation | Decoction (Sharbat) is used medicinally. | Kashmiri Glub | Rose | Rosa damascena | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Azimi, M., Niayesh, H., Raeiszadeh, M., & Khodabandeh-Shahraki, S. (2022). Efficacy of the herbal formula of Foeniculum vulgare and Rosa damascena on elderly patients with functional constipation: A double-blind randomized controlled trial. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 20(3), 230-236. | Sadeghi Mansoorkhani, H., Alamdari, M., Hasanzadeh, S., Jokar, S., Panahi Kokhdan, E., Malekzadeh, J., & Abassi, R. (2021). Effect of rosa damascene Mill. hydroalcoholic extract on the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation in adults. Journal of Clinical Care and Skills, 2(1), 29-34. | Hakeem Sabzar Ahmad Village: Kulgam Mansoora begum Village T.Y.shah Gulam mohi ud din Village: Sheikpora | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
905 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cough | Cough | Consumed in the form of Murabba or Jam. | Bum choont | Quince apple | Cydonia oblonga | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Fazeenah, A. A., & Quamri, M. A. (2016). Behidana (Cydonia oblonga Miller)—a review. World J Pharm Res, 5(11), 79-91. | Tasleema Begum | Village: Kachwa Muqam | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
906 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for back pain, leucorrhoea, and headache | Back pain, leucorrhoea, headache | Roots are boiled to make herbal tea. | machrani chai | Bistorta Maplaxicaulis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Babar, M., Aslam, B., Faisal, M., Malik, A., Akhtar, S., Fatima, S., Majeed, W., Umer, A., & Farooq, M. (2024). Phytochemical characterization and anti-arthritic potential of green-synthesized CuO nanoparticles derived from the Bistorta amplexicaulis root extract. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2024.1474592. | M Abdullah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
907 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for muscle cramps and postpartum recovery | Muscle cramps, postpartum support | Dried leaves are cooked and consumed. | wappal haakh | Himalayan Teasel | Dipsacus Inermis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Jan, M., Mir, T. A., Jan, H. A., Bussmann, R. W., & Aneaus, S. (2023). Ethnomedicinal study of plants utilized in pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum healthcare in Kashmir Himalaya. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 42, 100767. | Imtiyaz ah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
908 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for kidney issues and stones | Kidney stones, kidney disorder | Dried stem is cooked and used. | daid | Bird's-nest ferns | Asplenium falcatum | ⚫ Black | Critically Endangered (CR) | AKTAŞ, Y., GENÇ, Ş., TORAMAN, F. Y., AKBAR, M. N. A., & NATH, E. Ö. Ethnomedicinal Plants for Kidney Disorders in Iraq and Türkiye. | Imtiyaz ah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
909 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for common cold | Cold | Ground into flour and used. | truel | Himalayan Balsam | impatiens glandulifera | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | m Abdullah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
910 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for cold and cough | Cold, cough | Leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable. | nilkhani | mansoora begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
911 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for fungal scars and white patches | Fungal infections, skin patches | Leaves are burned, ash is collected, mixed with oil, and applied to affected area. | poohi kul | M Abdullah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
912 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy to reduce hair fall | Hair fall | Boiled in water and the decoction is used to wash hair. | gavther | Hamaspadi | adiantum capillus veneris | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Ansari, R., & Ekhlasi-Kazaj, K. (2012). Adiantum capillus-veneris. L: phytochemical constituents, traditional uses and pharmacological properties: a review. Journal of advanced scientific research, 3(04), 15-20. | mansoora begum | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
913 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal Medication for skin bumps | Skin bumps | Roots are powdered, mixed with oil, and applied topically. | zovnure | ishfaq ah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
914 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal anti-parasitic used to remove tapeworms in humans | Tapeworms, intestinal parasites | Tea is prepared or roots are soaked in water and drunk. | kister mound | betel leaf | Piper betal | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Tandon, V., Yadav, A. K., Roy, B., & Das, B. (2011). Phytochemicals as cure of worm infections in traditional medicine systems. Emerging trends in zoology, 16, 351-378. | m Abdullah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
915 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary remedy to reduce weakness in cattle | Livestock weakness | Used as fodder for animals. | sheehelwither | coltsfoot | tussilago farfara | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Not scientifically proven | m Abdullah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
916 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal treatment for diabetes, inflammation, fractures, and joint pain | Diabetes, inflammation, bone fracture, joint pain | Prepared as tea and paste with oil, then applied externally. | palphot | m Abdullah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
917 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal remedy for common cold and cough | Cold, cough | Fresh leaves are cooked or ripe fruits are eaten. | jungli palak | strawberry spinach | chenopodium foliosum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Dakhane, S. C. V. (2024). Wild vegetables (Chenopodium album L): Ethno pharmacology, phytochemical and nutrient profile. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 13(3), 367-376. | m Abdullah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | ||||
918 | Kashmir | Animal Health | Ethnoveterinary treatment for swelling and bloating in cattle | Livestock bloating and inflammation | Used as animal fodder. | gumai | m Abdullah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||||||
919 | Kashmir | Human Health | Herbal source rich in vitamins | Vitamin deficiency | Ripe fruits are plucked and eaten directly. | jungli tamatar | Solanum villosum Mill | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | ONYANGO, O. K. (2023). NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS, IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE POTENTIAL OF Solanum villosum Linn. AND Solanum scabrum Mill. METHANOL LEAVES EXTRACTS (Doctoral dissertation, KENYATTA UNIVERSITY). | m Abdullah shah | TY shah Baramulla | Wagoora | Baramullah | |||||
920 | Category-Human, Veterinary, Agriculture | Title of Practice | Ailment/problem | practice in detail | Process: boiling, mixing, paste, fermentation, soaking overnight, soaking for longer duration, drying | Ingredient/Plant)-1 (Write local name, English Name, Botanical name | PAs Code-red: clinical studies done; green- AYUSH, Blue- In vitro or In vivo study done; Brown: only ethnographical report ; black: not reported or unique | IUCN status Plant 1 | PAS-1 | PAS-1 | PAS-1 | PAS-1 | Knowledge Provider name | Village | Block | District | |||
921 | Local | English | Botanical | ||||||||||||||||
922 | Nagaland | Human | Pomegranate leaves for stomach ache | Stomach ache | Pomegranate leaves are washed and boiled for 5 -10 mins and is consumed during stomach ache | Washed and boiled | "Taliim/Jarem" | Pomegranate leaves | Punica granatum | 🟢 Green | Least Concern. | Ghaneialvar H, Abbasi N, Shahsavari S. Natural remedies effective on stomachache in traditional medicine. Plant Biotechnology Persa. 2020;2(1): 42-47. | Muhialdin, A. J., Alamri, Z. Z., Hussein, A. M., Faraj, R. K., Taha, Z. B., Hussein, M. M., & Mojarradgandoukmolla, S. (2023). Gastro-protective and therapeutic effect of Punica granatum against stomach ulcer caused by Helicobacter Pylori. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 69(1), 48-53. | Achamba | yingshkur | ||||
923 | Nagaland | Veterinary | Animal feed | Fresh used | Musa nagensium | banana stem | Musa | 🟢 Green | Least Concern. | Ullo, N. Z. A., Yoku, O., Monim, H., Widayati, T. W., & Kayadoe, M. (2023, June). Reducing the effects of greenhouse gas emissions of organic waste by utilizing banana stems as starter local pig feed. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1192, No. 1, p. 012044). IOP Publishing. | Achamba | yingshkur | |||||||
924 | Nagaland | Human | Treatment of Dengue | Dengue | Fresh leaves of papaya are boil and consume by those who suffer from Dengue | Boiling | Mamazu (Ao) | Papaya leaves | Carica papaya | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green | Data Deficient. | Teh, B. P., Ahmad, N. B., Mohamad, S. B., Tan, T. Y. C., Mohd Abd Razak, M. R. B., Afzan, A. B., & Syed Mohamed, A. F. B. (2022). Carica papaya Leaf Juice for Dengue: A Scoping Review. Nutrients, 14(8), 1584. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081584 | Charan, Jaykaran; Saxena, Deepak1; Goyal, Jagdish Prasad2; Yasobant, Sandul1. Efficacy and safety of Carica papaya leaf extract in the dengue: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Applied and Basic Medical Research 6(4):p 249-254, Oct–Dec 2016. | DOI: 10.4103/2229-516X.192596 | Tsaroli P.S | yingshkur | ||||
925 | Nagaland | Human | Remedy for Dysentery | Dysentery | the leaves are plucked and wash in a clean cool water and chewed raw during dysentry | Chewing | Motiram tu | Guava leaves | Psidium guajava | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green | Least Concern | Husin, W. (2010). Property of Psidium guajava L. leaves in treatment of diarrhea. Maranatha Journal of Medicine and Health, 1(2), 147881. | Birdi T, Krishnan GG, Kataria S, Gholkar M, Daswani P. A randomized open label efficacy clinical trial of oral guava leaf decoction in patients with acute infectious diarrhoea. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2020 Apr-Jun;11(2):163-172. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2020.04.001. Epub 2020 Jun 2. PMID: 32507357; PMCID: PMC7329711. | Thridongse | yingshkur | ||||
926 | Nagaland | Human | Hemostatic and insect repellent | stop bleeding/ant/mosquito | used fresh leaves and make it paste | Paste | "Kher" | Burma grass | Neyraudia reynaudiana | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Serichum | yingshkur | ||||||
927 | Nagaland | Human | Treatment of nose bleeding and insects bites | nose bleeding and insects bites | A leaves is crushed with water to produce a paste like and used it in nose bleeding and insects bites | Paste | kidney weed | kidney weed | Dichondra repens | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Lithsipa | Seyochung Village | ||||||
928 | Nagaland | Human | Hemostatic, anti itching and in skin diseases | Stop bleeding and skin itching | The leaves of the plants are crushed and applied in cut wounds which stops bleeding, itching and used in various related skin diseases | paste | Crofton weed or Mexican devil | Ageratina adenophora | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Poudel, R., Neupane, N. P., Mukeri, I. H., Alok, S., & Verma, A. (2020). An updated review on invasive nature, phytochemical evaluation, & pharmacological activity of Ageratina adenophora. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res, 11, 2510-2520. | Khaidem, D., Soibam, T., Kar, A., Mukherjee, P. K., Radhakrishnanand, P., Parmar, K., & Sharma, N. (2024). Phytochemically analysed extract of Ageratina adenophora (Sprengel) R.M. King & H. Rob. initiates caspase 3-dependent apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell: A synergistic approach with chemotherapeutic drugs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 322, 117591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.117591 | Lithsipa | Seyochung Village | |||||
929 | Nagaland | Human | Analgesic | headache. | The leaves are crushed and massage in area of pain, usually used in headache. | Crushed or Paste | Curly Blumea | Laggera crispata | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Getahun, T., Sharma, V., & Gupta, N. (2019). The genus Laggera (Asteraceae)–ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological information, chemical composition as well as biological activities of its essential oils and extracts: a review. Chemistry & biodiversity, 16(8), e1900131. | Lithsipa | Seyochung Village | ||||||
930 | Nagaland | Human | Anti pyretic & in insect bite | Fever & insect bite | The leaves are crushed and the juice/extract are applied in case of insects or Spider bite as well as consumed during gastric, fever | Paste and extract | Yempat and Zenodo | Broadleaf plantain | Plantago major | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Laanet, P.-R., Bragina, O., Jõul, P., & Vaher, M. (2024). Plantago major and Plantago lanceolata Exhibit Antioxidant and Borrelia burgdorferi Inhibiting Activities. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(13), 7112. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25137112 | Samuelsen, A. B. (2000). The traditional uses, chemical constituents and biological activities of Plantago major L. A review. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 71(1-2), 1-21. | Lithsipa | Seyochung Village | ||||
931 | Nagaland | Human | Anti hypertensive | High bood pressure | leaves are boil and eat during High blood pressure | Boiling | "Kenie" | beefsteak plant, perilla, | Perilla frutescens | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Youn, I., Han, S., Jung, H. J., Noh, S. G., Chung, H. Y., Koo, Y. K., ... & Seo, E. K. (2023). Anti-inflammatory activity of the constituents from the leaves of Perilla frutescens var. acuta. Pharmaceuticals, 16(12), 1655. | Lithsipa | Seyochung Village | |||||
932 | Nagaland | Human | In gastric upset | Diarrhoea, constipation | Whole plant is crushed into paste and taken orally with water for diarrhoea, constipation and a good source of vitamin A and C. | Paste | "Rophie" & Bahra thlum | Sweet potato | Ipomoea batatas | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Panda, V., & Sonkamble, M. (2012). Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Ipomoea batatas l.(Lam)–A review. International Journal of Research in Phytochemistry and Pharmacology, 2(1), 25-34. | Lithsipa | Seyochung Village | |||||
933 | Nagaland | Veterinary | Animal feed | stored or Fresh used | Naga Bhutta | Corn | Zea mays | 🟢 Green 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Lithsipa | Seyochung Village | ||||||||
934 | Nagaland | Veterinary | Animal feed | Fresh used | mongozono | Fig leaves | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Lithsipa | Seyochung Village | ||||||||
935 | Nagaland | Human | In gastric upset | Stomach ache, and Diarrhea | The roots are eaten during Stomach ache, and Diarrhea | Fresh used | "Kishep" & "Aovei" | Yellow Himalayan Raspberry root | Rubus ellipticus | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Sharma, M., Pant, S., & Wani, Z. A. (2025). Himalayan yellow raspberry (Rubus ellipticus Sm.) potentially important medicinal plant for bioprospection. Vegetos, 1-12. | Tsaliba | Seyochung Village | |||||
936 | Nagaland | Human | Anti hypertensive | High bood pressure | The leaves is boiled and consumed during High blood pressure it aids in regulating the blood pressure | Boiling | "Bel" | passion fruit | Passiflora edulis | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Guerrero-Ospina, J. C., Nieto, O. A., Zarate, P., Loango, N., Restrepo, B., & Landazuri, P. (2018). Beneficial effects of Passiflora edulis on blood pressure and reduction of oxidative stress. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 11(43), 1-8. | Khawoto | Seyochung Village | |||||
937 | Nagaland | Human | Multi medicinal use | angina, bronchitis, influenza, malaria, scabies, burns, snakebites, injuries, fractures, contusions, strains, antiinflammatory, antibacterial, and antileukaemi, headache | It is used as a medicine to cure angina, bronchitis, influenza, and malaria. It is also applied externally for treating scabies, burns, snakebites, injuries, fractures, contusions, and strains. Aerial parts of the plant have been used as an antiinflammatory, antibacterial, and antileukaemi | Boiling and Paste | Curly Blumea | Laggera Crispata | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Zhou, Z., Pu, T., Duan, B., & Zhang, M. (2022). Phylogenetic relationship and characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Laggera crispata, a folk herbal medicine plant in China. Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 7(6), 1148-1150. | Khawoto | Seyochung Village | ||||||
938 | Nagaland | Human | Anti diabetes & anti asthamatic | Diabetes, Asthma and gut problem | Roots are consumed during Gut problem and diabetes. It is also said to aid during asthma | Fresh Used | Yacon | Yacon | Smallanthus sonchifolius | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Zheng, X., Fan, H., Ting-Guo, K., De-Qiang, D., Kuo, G., Yu-Yuan, S., ... & Feng, D. (2010). Anti-diabetes constituents in leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius. Natural product communications, 5(1), 1934578X1000500123. | Mendes, R. M. D. A., Caetano, G. R., Arpini, C. M., Denadai, J. F., Curbani, F., Gomes, D. C. D. O., & Tadokoro, C. E. (2024). A story with two versions: yacon root pulp on experimental asthma in different animal facilities. Ciência Rural, 54(9), e20230065. | Khawoto | Seyochung Village | ||||
939 | Nagaland | Human | Anti viral, Anagesic | Fever, cold, asthma, body ache toothache | The leaves are consumed during Fever, cold, asthma, body ache toothache.It is also believed to aid In preventing bed-wetting. | Fresh Used | Wild mint | Wild mint | Mentha arvensis, | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Silva, H. (2020). A Descriptive Overview of the Medical Uses Given to Mentha Aromatic Herbs throughout History. Biology, 9(12), 484. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9120484 | Lisathovishu | Seyochung Village | |||||
940 | Nagaland | Human | Cough and Cold | Cough and Cold | The leaves is consumed during common cold as well as cough | Fresh Used | Peppermint | Mentha piperita | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Chakraborty, P., Singh, J., Rai, M., Singh, P., Vichitra, A., Singh, A. K. N., ... & Singh, H. (2008). Mentha piperita–a multicentric clinical verification study conducted by CCRH. Indian Journal of Research in Homoeopathy, 2(4), 26-33. | Chakraborty, K., Chakravarti, A. R., & Bhattacharjee, S. (2022). Bioactive components of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), their pharmacological and ameliorative potential and ethnomedicinal benefits: A review. Journal of pharmacognosy and phytochemistry, 11(1), 109-114. | Lisathovishu | Seyochung Village | |||||
941 | Nagaland | Human | Anti allergy & cough releve | Cough and allergy. | The bulb of ginger is crushed and chewed raw with or without water or honey for Cough, allergy. | crushed and chewed | Sungrosung | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Her, L., & Kanjanasilp, J. (2021). Efficacy and safety of herbal medicines for relief cough symptom in national list of essential medicines of Thailand and Lao PDR: A systematic review and Meta-analysis (Doctoral dissertation, Mahasarakham University). | Lisathovishu | Seyochung Village | |||||
942 | Nagaland | Human | Tooth analgesic | Toothache | The root is chewed or put in the area of pain for toothache | Chewing | Veraphul | oakleaf fern | Drynaria quercifolia | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Anuja, G. I., Latha, P. G., Suja, S. R., Shyamal, S., Shine, V. J., Sini, S., ... & Rajasekharan, S. (2010). Anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties of Drynaria quercifolia (L.) J. Smith. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 132(2), 456-460. | Prasanna, G., & Anuradha, R. (2016). A comprehensive review on Phytopharmacological activities of Drynaria quercifolia L. Int J Pharmacogn Phytochem Res, 8(8), 1304-1313. | Litsao | Seyochung Village | ||||
943 | Nagaland | Human | Hemostatic and anti spasmodic in menstruation | Over bleeding and Menstruation cramps | The plant is consumed during Over bleeding and Menstruation cramps. | Fresh Used | "Naga lasoon" or "Khobiya" | Chives | Allium schoenoprasum | ⚫ Black | Least Concern | Not reported | Litsao | Seyochung Village | |||||
944 | Nagaland | Human | Analgesic | Body ache | The leaves are crushed and applied in areas of Body ache. | Paste | Eri plant | castor bean plant | Ricinus communis | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Gupta, R., Chaudhary, A., & Sharma, R. (2023). Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Ricinus communis Linn.: Evidence from Pharmacology to Clinical Studies. Current Pharmacology Reports. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40495-023-00347-7. | Abomughaid, M., Teibo, J., Akinfe, O., Adewolu, A., Teibo, T., Afifi, M., Al-Farga, A., Al-Kuraishy, H., Al-Gareeb, A., Alexiou, A., Papadakis, M., & Batiha, G. (2024). A phytochemical and pharmacological review of Ricinus communis L.. Discover Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-05964-5. | Hoito | Seyochung Village | ||||
945 | Nagaland | Human | Anti pyretic | In fever | The leaves are crushed and used as paste in times of Fever. | paste | Dye Foldwing | Magenta Plant | Dicliptera tinctoria | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated | Hoito | Seyochung Village | ||||||
946 | Nagaland | Human | Tooth analgesic | Toothache | The fruit or leaves is chewed with the area where there is toothache. | Chewing | "Kevega" | toothache plant, paracress | Acmella oleracea | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Aktar, M., Bhuia, M., Molla, S., Chowdhury, R., Sarkar, C., Shahariar, M., Roy, P., Reiner, Ž., Sharifi‐Rad, J., Calina, D., Shakil, M., & Islam, M. (2024). Pharmacological and phytochemical review of Acmella oleracea: a comprehensive analysis of its therapeutic potential. Discover Applied Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-06108-5. | Rondanelli, M., Fossari, F., Vecchio, V., Braschi, V., Riva, A., Allegrini, P., Petrangolini, G., Iannello, G., Faliva, M., Peroni, G., Nichetti, M., Gasparri, C., Spadaccini, D., Infantino, V., Mustafa, S., Alalwan, T., & Perna, S. (2019). Acmella oleracea for pain management.. Fitoterapia, 104419 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104419. | Inashi | Seyochung Village | ||||
947 | Nagaland | Veterinary | Animal feed | Freshly Used | Bathua Leaves | Lamb's quarters, goosefoot, | Chenopodium album. | 🔵 Blue | Not Evaluated | Xie, M., Wang, R., Wang, Y., Liu, N., & Qi, J. (2021). Effects of dietary supplementation with fermented Chenopodium album L. on growth, nutrient digestibility, immunity, carcase characteristics and meat quality of broilers. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 20, 2063 - 2074. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2021.1996289. | Totakul, P., Viennasay, B., Sommai, S., Matra, M., Infascelli, F., & Wanapat, M. (2021). Supplemental effect of Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) leaf pellet on rumen fermentation, nutrients digestibility and microbial protein synthesis in growing crossbred bulls. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 20, 279 - 287. https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2021.1880978. | vinatoli | Sitimi Village | ||||||
948 | Nagaland | Human | Digestive aid, Cough and skin problem, anthelmentics | Intestinal worms, Digestive aid, Cough and skin problem | The leaves are crushed sometimes boiled and the decoction is consumed during Gastric, Cough, and is applied in various skin ailments. | Boiling and Paste | wormwood or absinthe | Artemisia absinthium | 🔵 Blue, 🟢 Green | Least Concern | Szopa, A., Pajor, J., Klin, P., Rzepiela, A., Elansary, H., Al-Mana, F., Mattar, M., & Ekiert, H. (2020). Artemisia absinthium L.—Importance in the History of Medicine, the Latest Advances in Phytochemistry and Therapeutical, Cosmetological and Culinary Uses. Plants, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091063. | Batiha, G., Olatunde, A., El-Mleeh, A., Hetta, H., Al-Rejaie, S., Alghamdi, S., Zahoor, M., Beshbishy, A., Murata, T., Zaragoza-Bastida, A., & Rivero-Pérez, N. (2020). Bioactive Compounds, Pharmacological Actions, and Pharmacokinetics of Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium). Antibiotics, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9060353. | Ghoveli | Sitimi Village | |||||
949 | Nagaland | Human | Anti Cough | Cough | The fruit is either consumed raw or after boiling at times of cough. | Raw or Boiling | Kikhwii | Indian nightshade. | Solanum indicum | 🔵 Blue, 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated | Saxena, G., Mittal, A., & Siddiqui, A. (2019). Acute Toxicity Studies and In-vitro Antioxidant Potential of Solanum indicum. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3-s.2969. | Kaunda, J., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Two new 23S,26R-hydroxylated spirostanoid saponins from the fruits of Solanum indicum var. recurvatum . Steroids, 153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108506. | Hekashe | Sitimi Village | ||||
950 | Nagaland | Human | Anti pyretic | Fever | The leaves are consumed or pasted in the body in times of Fever and high temperature. | Paste | coffee stem parasite | Loranthus ferrugineus | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Hekashe | Sitimi Village | |||||||
951 | Nagaland | Human | Anti hypertensive | High blood pressure | The bulb or root is consumed during high blood pressure to lower the blood pressure | Raw and Boling | Ginseng | Ginseng | Panax ginseng | 🔴 Red | Not Evaluated | Park, S., Chung, S., Chung, M., Choi, H., Hwang, J., & Park, J. (2021). Effects of Panax ginseng on hyperglycemia, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Ginseng Research, 46, 188 - 205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2021.10.002. | Irfan, M., Kwak, Y., Han, C., Hyun, S., & Rhee, M. (2020). Adaptogenic effects of Panax ginseng on modulation of cardiovascular functions. Journal of Ginseng Research, 44, 538 - 543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2020.03.001. | Hekashe | Sitimi Village | ||||
952 | Nagaland | Human | Trouble breathing, or muscle ache | Trouble breathing, or muscle ache | The sap that is produced from the stem and leaves is applied onto the leaves themselves and is pasted in times of Trouble breathing, or muscle ache. | Paste | Lalpatti | Poinsettia | Euphorbia pulcherrima | 🔵 Blue, | Least Concern | Aljohani, A., Alhumaydhi, F., Rauf, A., Hamad, E., & Rashid, U. (2022). In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic, Sedative, Muscle Relaxant Activities and Molecular Docking Analysis of Phytochemicals from Euphorbia pulcherrima. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : eCAM, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7495867. | Ernst, M., Grace, O., Saslis-Lagoudakis, C., Nilsson, N., Simonsen, H., & Rønsted, N. (2015). Global medicinal uses of Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae).. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 176, 90-101 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.025. | Asela | Sanphure Village | ||||
953 | Nagaland | Human | jaundice, abortifacient, anthelmintic, whooping cough & as blood purifier | jaundice, abortifacient, anthelmintic, whooping cough & as blood purifier | Fruit juice is taken for jaundice, abortifacient, anthelmintic, whooping cough & as blood purifier | "Gaimpew" | Pineapple | Ananas comosus | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ugbogu, E., Happiness, O., Emmanuel, O., Ugbogu, O., Ekweogu, C., Uche, M., Dike, E., & Ijioma, S. (2023). Phytochemical characterization, anti-diarrhoeal, analgesic, anti-inflammatory activities and toxicity profile of Ananas comosus (L.) Merr (pineapple) leaf in albino rats.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 117224 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.117224. | Asela | Sanphure Village | ||||||
954 | Nagaland | Human | Hemostatic, Anti malarial, antiseptic. | Bleeding, Malaria, stomach ache, Itching and skin desiases | The leaves of the plants are crushed and applied in cut wounds which stops bleeding, itching and used in various related skin diseases. It is also taken orally for malaria, stomach ache and as antiseptic properties. | Paste | wormwood or absinthe | Artemisia absinthium | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern | Joshi, R. (2013). Volatile composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Artemisia absinthium growing in Western Ghats region of North West Karnataka, India. Pharmaceutical Biology, 51, 888 - 892. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209.2013.768676. | Szopa, A., Pajor, J., Klin, P., Rzepiela, A., Elansary, H., Al-Mana, F., Mattar, M., & Ekiert, H. (2020). Artemisia absinthium L.—Importance in the History of Medicine, the Latest Advances in Phytochemistry and Therapeutical, Cosmetological and Culinary Uses. Plants, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9091063. | Asela | Sanphure Village | |||||
955 | Nagaland | Human | Diuretic, Anti Hypertensive, kidney stone | diuretic, heart disease, High blood pressure, kidney stone | Corn is taken orally for diuretic, heart disease, hypertension, and kidney stone and for lowering blood pressure | Freshly Used | Naga Bhutta | Corn | Zea mays | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Pardede, T., & Muchlisyam, M. (2018). ANALYSIS ON CALCIUM SOLUBILITY IN KIDNEY STONES (IN VITRO) AND DIURETIC EFFECT (IN VIVO) USING CORN SILK (ZEA MAYS L.) INFUSE. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 11, 80-83. https://doi.org/10.22159/AJPCR.2018.V11S1.26573. | Gumaih, H., Alasbahy, A., Alharethi, S., Al-Asmari, S., & Al-Khulaidi, A. (2023). Antiurolithiasis activities of Zea mays extract and its mechanism as antiurolithiasis remedy.. American journal of clinical and experimental urology, 11 5, 443-451 . | Asela | Sanphure Village | ||||
956 | Nagaland | Human | indigestion, dysentery and kidney problems, scurvy. | indigestion, dysentery and kidney problems, scurvy. | Fruit is taken orally for indigestion, dysentery and kidney problems; source of vitamin C and as astringent, also for treatment of human scurvy. | Freshly Used | Indian gooseberry or amla | Indian gooseberry or amla | Phyllanthus emblica | 🔴 Red 🔵 Blue 🟢 Green 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Saini, R., Sharma, N., Oladeji, O., Sourirajan, A., Dev, K., Zengin, G., El‐Shazly, M., & Kumar, P. (2021). Traditional uses, bioactive composition, pharmacology, and toxicology of Phyllanthus emblica fruits: A comprehensive review.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 114570 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2021.114570. | Asela | Sanphure Village | |||||
957 | Nagaland | Human | Laxative, Anti bacterial, anti diabetes, jaundice and cold | Laxative, Anti bacterial, anti diabetes, jaundice and cold | Fruits are taken as mild laxative, antibacterial, diabetes, cold & jaundice problems. | Freshly Used | Ja nuni, Kolia Kotahi | white mulberry | Morus alba | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Rodrigues, E., Marcelino, G., Silva, G., Figueiredo, P., Garcez, W., Corsino, J., Guimarães, R., & Freitas, K. (2019). Nutraceutical and Medicinal Potential of the Morus Species in Metabolic Dysfunctions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20020301. | Batiha, G., Al-Snafi, A., Thuwaini, M., Teibo, J., Shaheen, H., Akomolafe, A., Teibo, T., Al-Kuraishy, H., Al-Garbeeb, A., Alexiou, A., & Papadakis, M. (2023). Morus alba: a comprehensive phytochemical and pharmacological review. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 396, 1399 - 1413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-023-02434-4. | Asela | Sanphure Village | ||||
958 | Nagaland | Human | Anti diabetes & Gastritis | Diabeties and gastric problem | Roots are eaten raw during diabeties and gastric problem | Freshly Used | Yacon | Smallanthus sonchifolius | Least Concern | Rawal, P., Pandey, B., Yadav, R., & Panta, S. (2024). Antioxidant, Alpha‐Amylase Inhibitory and Hypoglycemic Activity of Smallanthus sonchifolius Leaves from Nepal: An Integrated In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Approach. Food Science & Nutrition, 13. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.4672. | Caetano, B., De Moura, N., Almeida, A., Dias, M., Sivieri, K., & Barbisan, L. (2016). Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) as a Food Supplement: Health-Promoting Benefits of Fructooligosaccharides. Nutrients, 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8070436. | Toshila | Hutanger Village | ||||||
959 | Nagaland | Human | Analgesic, Antipyretic and Soap | fever and headache and soap,shampoo | Seeds are pounded & used as soap, shampoo; also bark’s powder is used in fever and headache. | soaking and powdering | nicker bean | Mackay Bean, Queensland Bean, | Entada scandens | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Toshila | Hutanger Village | ||||||
960 | Nagaland | Human | Gastritis, pneumonia and skin desieases | stomach ache, cholera, dysentery, skin diseases, constipation, pneumonia | Whole plant is chewed as a raw for stomach ache, cholera, dysentery also applied on skin diseases and during constipation or pneumonia | Chewed | "Aithang". | Chameleon plant | Houttuynia cordata | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Rafiq, S., Hao, H., Ijaz, M., & Raza, A. (2022). Pharmacological Effects of Houttuynia cordata Thunb (H. cordata): A Comprehensive Review. Pharmaceuticals, 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15091079. | Lithrongtsi | Changchor Village | |||||
961 | Nagaland | Human | As First Aid treatment | Bruise, wounds and cuts | The leaves are crushed and the juice/extract is applied in Bruise, wounds and cuts. | Paste | "Sinapon" or "Sintrong". | Redflower ragleaf | Crassocephalum crepidioides | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Can, N., & Thao, D. (2020). Wound Healing Activity of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore. Leaf Hydroethanolic Extract. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2483187. | Tsatose | Changchor Village | |||||
962 | Nagaland | Human | Anthelmentics and anti viral | Stomach Worms For kids &Flu | Ash[Hot] filtered Water It is treated for Stomach Worms For kids &Flu | Decoction | - | Khumcholila | Kiphire Village | ||||||||||
963 | Nagaland | Human | Cough | Cough | Local salt | - | Khumcholila | Kiphire Village | |||||||||||
964 | Nagaland | Human | stomach Ache | stomach Ache | Powder of Nutgal is consumed during stomach Ache | Powder | Thümpak (Lotha), | Nutgall | Rhus chinensis | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Kumzingmen | Pungro village | ||||||
965 | Nagaland | Human | Anti diarrheal | Diarrhea | Around 5 leaves re crushedand consumed during diarrhoea | Paste | Yangtsuku or Naga Garlic | Hooker Chives | Allium hookeri | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | No Scientific Evidence | kiusangthong | Pungro Village | |||||
966 | Nagaland | Human | Anti inflammatory | swelling | Leaves are heated near the fire and massagethe wound or past in a body where it swells | Paste or heated leaves | "Eri" or "Eri Pohu" | Castor plant | Ricinus communis | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Moreno, A., Viles, E., & Cañete, P. (2023). Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of higuerilla (Ricinus communis) leaves in wistar rats. Health Leadership and Quality of Life. https://doi.org/10.56294/hl2023224. | Hussain, A., Aslam, B., Muhammad, F., & Faisal, M. (2021). In vitro Antioxidant Activity and In vivo Anti-inflammatory Effect of Ricinus communis (L.) and Withania somnifera (L.) Hydroalcoholic Extracts in Rats. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2021200783. | Ngaliti | Thikenvong | ||||
967 | Nagaland | Human | Analgesic and Treatment of jaundice | Body ache/jaundice | Body ache/jaundice | Fresh Used | Sugarcane | Saccharum officinarum | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Raghuvanshi, D., Dhalaria, R., Sharma, A., Kumar, D., Kumar, H., Valis, M., Kuča, K., Verma, R., & Puri, S. (2021). Ethnomedicinal Plants Traditionally Used for the Treatment of Jaundice (Icterus) in Himachal Pradesh in Western Himalaya—A Review. Plants, 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020232. | Abbasi, A., Khan, M., Ahmad, M., Zafar, M., Khan, H., Muhammad, N., & Sultana, S. (2009). Medicinal plants used for the treatment of jaundice and hepatitis based on socio-economic documentation. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8, 1643-1650. https://doi.org/10.4314/AJB.V8I8.60358. | Yansushe | Anatonger Village | |||||
968 | Nagaland | Human | Burn Care | Skin Burn | skin Burn | Paste | "Michinga Patta" | Bamboo leaf | Bambusa vulgaris | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Lodhi, S., Jain, A., Rai, G., & Yadav, A. (2016). Preliminary investigation for wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects of Bambusa vulgaris leaves in rats. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 7, 14 - 22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaim.2015.07.001. | |||||||
969 | Nagaland | Human | Analgesic, Antipyretic | Body ache/Fever | Body ache/Fever | Fresh Used | Likok | Bitter eggplant | Solanum aethiopicum | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | C., O., C., E., & S., C. (2024). Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Profiling of the Bioactive Compounds Present in Methanol Leaf Extract of Solanum Aethiopicum from Imo State, Nigeria. African Journal of Biology and Medical Research. https://doi.org/10.52589/ajbmr-wnxgcvpm. | |||||||
970 | Nagaland | Human | Tooth analgesic | Tooth ache | Tooth ache | "mikhu" | Sichuan pepper | Zanthoxylum | 🔵 Blue 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ji, Y., Li, S., & Ho, C. (2019). Chemical composition, sensory properties and application of Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum genus). Food Science and Human Wellness. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FSHW.2019.03.008. | ||||||||
971 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment for abdominal pain | Abdominal pain | Sap is extracted from the pine braches by removing the pulp when used as wood and then it is used to treat abdominal pain whenever required by wraping the sap in a cotton cloth and then it being blowed and rubbed over the pain area. | Asii | Pinetree | Pinus roxburghii (Himalayan pine) | 🔵 Blue | Least concern | Kaushik, D., Kumar, A., Kaushik, P., & Rana, A. C. (2012). Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences, 2012, 245431. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/245431 | Chonyila | DC Ward, Kiphire Permanent address Sangtsozo, Longmetra, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
972 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat vomiting | Vomiting | Decoction | Crushing | Pomegranate | Pomegranate | Punica granatum | 🔴 Red | Least concern | Howell, A. B., & D'Souza, D. H. (2013). The Pomegranate: Effects on Bacteria and Viruses That Influence Human Health. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2013, 606212. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/606212 | Sahin, K., Sahin Aktura, S., Bahceci, I., Mercantepe, T., Tumkaya, L., Topcu, A., Mercantepe, F., Duran, O. F., Uydu, H. A., & Yazici, Z. A. (2025). Is Punica granatum Efficient Against Sepsis? A Comparative Study of Amifostine Versus Pomegranate. Life (Basel), 15(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/life15010078 | Chonyila | DC Ward, Kiphire Permanent address Sangtsozo, Longmetra, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||
973 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat constipation | Constipation | Decoction | Crushing | Pomegranate | Pomegranate | Punica granatum | 🔴 Red | Least concern | Kuthiala, R., Deshpande, M., Parihar, P. S., Shirole, A., & Brahma, S. (2021). Beneficial Properties of Pomegranate Fruit in Treating Constipation, Boosting Memory And Various Other Uses For Human Body. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), 8(01), 792-796. www.irjet.net | Chonyila | DC Ward, Kiphire Permanent address Sangtsozo, Longmetra, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
974 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy for general tonic | General Tonic | Soyabean seeds are being put in the water for 5-6 hours and then boiled. After fermentation it is being taken in the form of paste. | Fermenting | Mokomukung | Soyabean | Glycine max | 🔴 Red | Not Evaluated | Junaidi, J., Hasani, R., Rowa, S. S., Hamsina, H., Rifai, A., & Harliani, H., et al. (2025). GC–MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds of Ethanol Extract of Soybean Glycine Max (L.) Merril. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 9(4), 1553–1558. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v9i4.26 | Apichumla | DC, Ward, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
975 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to control blood pressure | Control blood pressure | Decoction or eat like a vegetable with rice or bread after making the racipee | Crushing | Khangkhasi | Clerodendrum colebrookianum | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated | Gupta, M., Mazumder, U. K., & Das, S. (1994). Effect of leaf extract from Clerodendron colebrookianum on blood pressure in rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 32(3), 216–217. | Nath, S. C., & Bordoloi, D. N. (1991). Clerodendrum colebrookianum, a folk remedy for the treatment of hypertension in northeastern India. Journal of Pharmacognosy, 29(2), 127–129. https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209109082863 | Achumla | Bazar Ward, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
976 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to cough | Cough | Paste | Khangkhasi | Clerodendrum colebrookianum | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated | Kalita, R., Nath, D., Sandilya, S., & Deka, S. (2024). Evaluation of Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and In-Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Clerodendrum Colebrookianum Stem Extract. Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 14(2) | Achumla | Bazar Ward, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
977 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to control blood pressure | Control blood pressure | Eat it directly. It is very effective, people are using it. | Chewing | Khangkhasi | Clerodendrum colebrookianum | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated | Kalita, R., Nath, D., Sandilya, S., & Deka, S. (2024). Evaluation of Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and In-Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Clerodendrum Colebrookianum Stem Extract. Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 14(2). | Achumla | Bazar Ward, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
978 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to increases milk in lactating mother | Increases milk in lactating mother | Papaya is being peeles and boiled in water for some tme and after removing it from water. It is beiing served to the women having less breast milk. | Boiling | Papaya | Carica papaya | 🔴 Red | Data deficient | Pratiwi, T. E., & Suwondo, A. (2018). Exclusive breastfeeding improvement program using Carica papaya leaf extract on the levels of prolactin hormones. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 7, 548–551. | Achumla | Bazar Ward, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
979 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to control louse motion | Louse motion | Crush the leves and extract sap out of it and it is given to the patients. Adults can also eat it directly. | Crushing | Lereach | Crepers | Not identified | Not applicable | - | Achumla | Bazar Ward, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
980 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to cure craps during menstrual periods | Cramps | 5 to 6 leaves of this plant are wrapped together to form a pad and after heating it for some time it is being put on the abdominal to relieve pain. Sap is also applied | Heating | Thsangritapa | Not identified | Not applicable | - | Chonyila | DC Ward, Kiphire Permanent address Sangtsozo, Longmetra, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
981 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat cough | Cough | Decoction | Boiling | c/o. Chonyila | Not identified | Not applicable | - | Chonyila | DC Ward, Kiphire Permanent address Sangtsozo, Longmetra, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
982 | Nagaland | Human Health | Local salt used to treat cough | Cough | Local salt is being taken orally to treat cough. The tradional paractice of preparing this salt out of the water from a particular river of Kiphire District. Five frying pans are heated in a series and this water is being passed throug all the pans by transfering it into another till the water gets evaporated completely. Then a plate of banana paper is put on the last frying pan in which the salt is being stored to carry it in the form of a tikki. | Boiling | Local Salt | Local Salt | Not identified | Not applicable | - | Chonyila | DC Ward, Kiphire Permanent address Sangtsozo, Longmetra, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
983 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy for diabeties | Diabeties | Adults can also eat it directly. | Chewing | Lereach | Crepers | Not applicable | Ota, A., & Ulrih, N. (2017). An Overview of Herbal Products and Secondary Metabolites Used for Management of Type Two Diabetes. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2017.00436. | Achumla | Bazar Ward, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
984 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy for ringworm | Ringworm | Koolpe whole plant, Anyanglungpli whole plant and Shingamizhi (Yellow ginger) rhyzome is crushed separetely to extract sap which is mixed together with same ratio and heated foe some time. After cooling down this is used to treat multiple skin diseases. | Mixing | Shing | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | 🔴 Red | Data Deficient | Kadam, D. (2022). MANAGEMENT OF DADRU (TINEA INFECTION) WITH HERBIMINIRALS: A CASE STUDY [An Ayurvedic management of Dadru (Tinea infection/Ringworm). Journal of Research and Education in Indian Medicine. https://doi.org/10.5455/jreim.82-1635266753. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
985 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to eczema | Eczema | Koolpe whole plant, Anyanglungpli whole plant and Shingamizhi (Yellow ginger) rhyzome is crushed separetely to extract sap which is mixed together with same ratio and heated foe some time. After cooling down this is used to treat multiple skin diseases. | Mixing | Shing | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | 🔴 Red | Data Deficient | No Scientific Validation | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
986 | Nagaland | Herbal remedy for piles | Piles | Pineapple leaves and guawa middle leaves are boiled together for some time and after sieving the water is used to apply directly with a piece of cotton to treat piles. | Boiling | Zhirong | Pineapple | Ananas comosus | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No Scientific Validation | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
987 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy joint pain | Joint pain | Allovera jel is mixed with the extract of multiple ingredients like Anyanglangpli, local ginger, Yacon (Ground apple), Shinzha, local garlic and tulsi and then applied on joints to releve pain | Mixing | Anipa | Aloe vera | Aloe barbadensis | 🔴 Red | Not evaluated | Ziaei, A., Sahranavard, S., & Faizi, M. (2016). Topical herbal remedies for treatment of joint pain according to Iranian Traditional Medicine. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy, 3, 63-72. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
988 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to blood coagulation | Blood coagulation | Bambo skin is used directly on the live cuts to control bleeding | Paste | Xuh zu | Bambo | Babusaideae | ⚫ Black | Not evaluated | No Scientific Validation | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
989 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to haedache | Haedache | Take it hot after boiling | Boiling | Coffee | Coffee | Coffea arabica | 🔵 Blue | Endangered | Kisoi, G. (2018). Comparative Analysis of Phytoconstituents, Caffeine Levels, Anti-bacterial Activities and Evolutionary Analysis of Acacia nilotica (subalata) and Coffea arabica Varieties (Doctoral dissertation, JKUAT-COHES). | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
990 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to control stress | Stress | Decoction | Achumla | Achumla | Curcuma ungmensis | 🔵 Blue | Data Deficient | No Scientific Validation | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
991 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to blood cougulation | Blood Cougulation | Apply paste after crusing | Paste | Burma Ghas | Burma Ghas | Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) | 🟤 Brown | Not evaluated | Kiblasan, J. I. A., Bangsail, R. T., & Paredes, A. L. Y. (2021). Efficacy of Philippine Ageratina Adenophoraas Home Remedy to Stop Bleedingamong Natives of Western Mountain Province. Medico-legal Update, 21(2), 1495. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
992 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to jamed blood pain | Jamed blood pain | Use it directly | Paste | Tsitsva | Tsitsva | wild lettuce | 🟤 Brown | Not evaluated | Besharat, S., Besharat, M., & Jabbari, A. (2009). Wild lettuce (Lactuca virosa) toxicity. Case Reports, 2009, bcr0620080134. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
993 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to contro dandruff | Dandruff | Use it directly | Crushing | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | ⚫ Black | Least Concern | Suharitha, K., Francis, A. M., Rohini, B. R., & Nikhila, S. (2021). Comparative Study of Averrhoa Bilimbi, Ricinus Communis and Saraca Asoca Leaf Extracts on Dandruff Causing Fungus and Bacterial Strains. Kristu Jayanti Journal of Core and Applied Biology (KJCAB), 17-21. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
994 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to cure cough | Cough | Turmeric with mustard oil | Crushing | Miyoun | Turmeric | Curcuma longa | 🟢 Green | Not evaluated | Ekasari, W., Widyowati, R., Kurnia, N. D., Jayanegara, A. Q., Sari, A. L., & Sahu, R. K. (2025). Exploration of the Use of Traditional Herbs to Overcome Cough and Cold in Three Provinces of East Java Province. The Scientific World Journal, 2025(1), 1622754. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
995 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment for injury | Injury | Use directly | Blue Ginger | Blue Ginger | Dichorisandra thyrsiflora | ⚫ Black | Near Threatened | Saha, S., Alshammari, A., Albekairi, N. A., Zulfiquar, T. N., Shakil, M. S., Mondal, K. R., ... & Mubarak, M. S. (2024). Exploring the antioxidant and protective effects of Marsdenia thyrsiflora Hook. f. leaf extract against carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic damage in rat models. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15, 1463922. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
996 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to control headache | Headache | Apply on head | Boiling | Shing | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | 🔴 Red | Data Deficient | Naeimi, M., Gorji, N., Memariani, Z., Moeini, R., Kamalinejad, M., & Kolangi, F. (2019). Gastroprotective herbs for headache management in Persian medicine: A comprehensive review.. Journal of integrative medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2019.11.004. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
997 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment fo cut | Sore | Use directly | Paste | Shing nyah | Black ginger | Kaempferia parviflora | ⚫Black | Data Deficient (DD) | Thairat, S., Chantadul, V., Kaewmuangmoon, J., & Mala, S. (2025). Effects of Thai Kaempferia Parviflora Extract on Human Gingival Fibroblasts: An in vitro Study of Wound Healing. Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry, 15, 126 - 133. https://doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_214_24. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
998 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment for burn injury | Burn | Apply it directly | Crushing | alovera | alovera | Aloe barbadensis | 🔴 Red | Not assessed | Huang, Y., Chen, K., Wang, J., & Lin, Y. (2024). Effects of aloe vera on burn injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.. Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irae061. | Souad, B. (2025). Efficacy of Aloe Vera in the Treatment of Skin Burns: A review of its Therapeutic properties and Clinical Applications. International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.62877/10-ijcbs-25-27-21-10. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||
999 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to control fever | Fever | Take with tea | Shinzha | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | 🔴 Red | Data Deficient (DD) | Bhowmik, D., Tripathi, K. K., Chandira, M. R., & Kumar, K. P. (2010). Zingiber officinale the herbal and traditional medicine and its therapeutically importance. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2(2), 102-110. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1000 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal Tonic as imunity booster | Tonic | Take is directly as a fruit. | Zhirong | Pineapple | Ananas comosus | 🟤 Brown | Not assessed | Mappa, M., & Kuna, M. (2022). The Use of Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) As an Antioxidant To Increase Immunity in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic Pemanfaatan Buah Nanas (Ananas comosus L.) Sebagai Antioksidan Untuk Meningkatkan Imunitas Tubuh di Era Pandemi Covid 19. . | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1001 | Nagaland | Unused plant in the forest | Used as fire wood only | Teak Tree | Tectona grandis | 🟤 Brown | Endangered (EN) | Ruslim, Y., Sandalayuk, D., Kristiningrum, R., & Alam, A. (2021). Estimation of Above Ground Biomass and carbon stocks of Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea stands in Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity. https://doi.org/10.13057/BIODIV/D220354. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||||
1002 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment for cut or wound | Wound healing | Use directly | Crushing | Burma Ghas | Burma Ghas | Ageratina adenophora | 🟤 Brown | Not assessed (invasive) | Kiblasan, J., Bangsail, R., & Paredes, A. (2021). Efficacy of Philippine Ageratina Adenophoraas Home Remedy to Stop Bleedingamong Natives of Western Mountain Province. Medico Legal Update. https://doi.org/10.37506/MLU.V21I2.2905. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1003 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment for ulcer | Ulcer | Take it as a vegetable | Banana shuit | Banana shuit | Musa | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Ulser, T. (2016). Antiulcer activity of Musa paradisiaca [banana] tepal and skin extracts in ulcer induced albino mice. Malaysian journal of analytical sciences, 20(5), 1203-1216. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1004 | Nagaland | Human Health | Organic preservative | Increases shelflife of meat | Boil meet in banana leave it increases shelflife of pork and beaf meat | Banana peel | Banana shuit | Musa | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Manzoor, A., & Ahmad, S. (2021). Banana Peel: Characteristics and consideration of its extract for use in meat products preservation: A review. ACS Food Science & Technology, 1(9), 1492-1506. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1005 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment to cure diabetes | Diabetes | Chew directly | Mango | Mango | Mangifera indica | 🟢 Green | Data Deficient (DD) | Ngo, D. H., Ngo, D. N., Vo, T. T. N., & Vo, T. S. (2019). Mechanism of action of Mangifera indica leaves for anti-diabetic activity. Scientia Pharmaceutica, 87(2), 13. | Samanta, S., Chanda, R., Ganguli, S., Reddy, A. G., & Banerjee, J. (2019). Anti-diabetic activity of mango (Mangifera indica): a review. MOJ Bioequiv Availab, 6(2), 23-26. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1006 | Nagaland | Human Health | Remedy to manage weight | Weight loss and digestion | Eat directly | Avocado | Avocado | Persea americana | 🟢 Green | Not assessed | Henning, S., Yang, J., Woo, S., Lee, R., Huang, J., Rasmusen, A., Carpenter, C., Thames, G., Gilbuena, I., Tseng, C., Heber, D., & Li, Z. (2019). Hass Avocado Inclusion in a Weight-Loss Diet Supported Weight Loss and Altered Gut Microbiota: A 12-Week Randomized, Parallel-Controlled Trial. Current Developments in Nutrition, 3. https://doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz068. | Wang, L., Tao, L., Hao, L., Stanley, T., Huang, K., Lambert, J., & Kris-Etherton, P. (2019). A Moderate-Fat Diet with One Avocado per Day Increases Plasma Antioxidants and Decreases the Oxidation of Small, Dense LDL in Adults with Overweight and Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of Nutrition, 150, 276 - 284. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz231. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1007 | Nagaland | Human Health | Remedy to treat constipations | Constipations | Eat directly | Papaya | Papaya | Carica papaya | 🔴 Red | Not assessed | Aravind, G., Bhowmik, D., , S., & , G. (2013). Health Benefits and Medicinal Properties of Carica papaya. Annals of Plant Sciences, 2, 59-65. | Ali, A., Devarajan, S., Waly, M., Essa, M. M., & Rahman, M. S. (2011). Nutritional and medicinal value of papaya (Carica papaya L.). Natural products and bioactive compounds in disease prevention, 34-42. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1008 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to contro dandruff | Dandruff | Use it directly | Crushing | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | 🟢 Green | Not assessed | K., S., Francis, A., R, R., S., N., & M., S. (2021). Comparative Study of Averrhoa Bilimbi, Ricinus Communis and Saraca Asoca Leaf Extracts on Dandruff Causing Fungus and Bacterial Strains. Kristu Jayanti Journal of Core and Applied Biology (KJCAB). https://doi.org/10.59176/kjcab.v1i1.2172. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1009 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat jouinds | jaundice | Jouinds, continue for 1 week | Crushing | Sugarcane | Saccharum officinarum | 🟤 Brown | Not assessed | Panjaitan, R. G. P., & Yuliana, Y. G. S. (2021). Ethno-Medicinal plants used for medication of jaundice by The Chinese, Dayak, and Malays ethnic in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Pharmacognosy Journal, 13(4). | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1010 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat kidney stone | Kidney stone | Take its sap after extration | Crushing | Matakwa | Matakwa | Kalanchoe pinnata | 🟢 Green | Not evaluated | El Abdellaoui, S., Destandau, E., Toribio, A., Elfakir, C., Lafosse, M., Renimel, I., ... & Landemarre, L. (2010). Bioactive molecules in Kalanchoe pinnata leaves: extraction, purification, and identification. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 398(3), 1329-1338. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1011 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal tonic as imunity booster | Tonic | Stephania can be used to balance acidity levels and promote the flow of chi (energy) in the body. | Crushing | Chikashe | Chikashe | Stephania erecta Craib | ⚫ Black | Not evaluated | No scientific validation | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1012 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal tonic | Prevents aging | It as acts as an anti aging agent | Juice | Sugarcane | Saccharum officinarum | 🟢 Green | Not evaluated | No scientific validation | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1013 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment to cure dysentery | Abdominal pain | Take with milk | Crushing | Mint | Mentha | 🟢 Green | Least Concern | No scientific validation | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1014 | Nagaland | Human Health | Used to treat live cut | Cut | Use directly, usually by smoking the plant or chewing it, in larger doses nicotine causes vomiting | Tobacco | Nicotiana rustica | 🟤 Brown | Not evaluated | Derleme, T. G. T. K. B. Traditional Medicinal Usage of Tobacco–A Review. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1015 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment to cure diahorrea | Diahorrea | A decoction of the bark is used to cure dysentery, while the dried buds are used to cure diahorrea. A decoction made from the root of the kachnar is said to prevent people becoming obese. An infusion of the flower buds is good to get rid of coughs. | Cooking | Kachnar or Orchid Tree | Flower Vegetable | Bauhinia variegata | 🟢 Green | Least Concern | Singh, N., Singh, A., & Pabla, D. (2019). A Review on Medicinal Uses of Bauhinia Variegata Linn. , 7, 12-17. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1016 | Nagaland | Human Health | Used to treat constipations | Constipations | Eat directly | Banana | Musa paradisiaca | 🟢 Green | Not evaluated | Imam, M. Z., & Akter, S. (2011). Musa paradisiaca L. and Musa sapientum L.: A phytochemical and pharmacological review. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, (Issue), 14-20. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1017 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal tonic | Increases digestion | Vegetable good for digestion | Boiling | Paanu | Taro | Colocasia esculenta | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Prajapati, R., Kalariya, M., Umbarkar, R., Parmar, S., & Sheth, N. (2011). Colocasia esculenta: A potent indigenous plant. International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases, 1(2), 90-96. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1018 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment for blood control | Blood coagulation | Powderd or paste is used on live cuts to control blood | Crushing | Paanu | Taro | Colocasia esculenta | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Ufelle, S. A., Onyekwelu, K. C., Ghasi, S., Ezeh, C. O., Ezeh, R. C., & Esom, E. A. (2018). Effects of Colocasia esculenta leaf extract in anemic and normal wistar rats. Journal of Medical Sciences, 38(3), 102-106. | Mathew | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1019 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat constipations | Constipations | Recipee | Cooking | Paanu | Taro | Colocasia esculenta | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Pawar, H. A., Choudhary, P. D., & Kamat, S. R. (2018). An overview of traditionally used herb, Colocasia esculenta, as a phytomedicine. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 7(2), 2167-0412. | Perila | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1020 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat diarrhea | Diarrhea | Recipee | Cooking | Paanu | Taro | Colocasia esculenta | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Obsa Terfa, T., Abera Kebede, F., Kitessa Beyene, M., Tesfaye Abebe, T., Basazn Mekuria, A., & Seid Yesuf, J. (2024). Evaluation of In Vivo Antidiarrheal Activities of 80% Methanol Extract and Solvent Fractions of Peels of Colocasia esculenta (Araceae). Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2024(1), 2728282. | Perila | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1021 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat stomach ache | Stomach ache | Recipee | Cooking | Paanu | Taro | Colocasia esculenta | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Prajapati, R., Kalariya, M., Umbarkar, R., Parmar, S., & Sheth, N. (2011). Colocasia esculenta: A potent indigenous plant. International Journal of Nutrition, Pharmacology, Neurological Diseases, 1(2), 90-96. | Perila | Phelungre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1022 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment for blood thinning | Blood thinner | Prepairing consentrated lemon extract by squizing the lemmon, filteration and heating process | Boiling | Lemon | Citrus × limon | 🔵 Blue | No data | Riaz, A., Khan, R. A., Mirza, T., Mustansir, T., & Ahmed, M. (2014). In vitro/in vivo effect of Citrus limon (L. Burm. f.) juice on blood parameters, coagulation and anticoagulation factors in rabbits. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 27(4). | Esther | Anatongre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1023 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural treatment for wounds | Wounds | Raw hony is applied | Honey | - | Not applicable | - | Esther | Anatongre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||||
1024 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural treatment for wounds | Burn cuts | Raw hony is applied | Honey | - | Not applicable | - | Yılmaz, A., & Aygin, D. (2020). HONEY DRESSING IN WOUND TREATMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.. Complementary therapies in medicine, 51, 102388 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102388. | Esther | Anatongre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1025 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment for gut health | Gut health | Raw or sliced, dipped in sugar solution for 36 hours and mixed some termeric powder and then fri it in coconut oil paked it in polythene. Added ingrients, Sugar 1kg with 2 liters of water. | Frying | Banana | Musa paradisiaca | 🔴 RED | Not Evaluated | Singapurwa, N., Candra, I., Semariyani, A., Nursini, N., Kusumaningsih, P., Jiwantara, G., & Djelantik, S. (2025). Prebiotic ability of musa balbisiana colla stems on the growth of Pediococcus acidilactici in vitro and probiotic encapsulation. BIO Web of Conferences. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202515501006. | Esther | Anatongre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1026 | Nagaland | Natural remedy for diabetes | Diabetes | Cooked flowers are good food for diabetics | Banana | Musa paradisiaca | 🔴 RED | Not Evaluated | Rotimi, D., Rotimi, D., Ogunniran, A., Ojo, O., Oluteye, T., & Maimako, R. (2024). The mechanism of Musa paradisiaca treatment in Diabetes mellitus. 2024 International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Driving Sustainable Development Goals (SEB4SDG), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1109/SEB4SDG60871.2024.10629697. | Esther | Anatongre, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||||
1027 | Nagaland | Human Health | Alternative chips | Constipations | Round chips are prepraid by dipped in sugar solution for 36 hours and mixed some termeric powder and then fri it in coconut oil paked it in polythene. Added ingrients, Sugar 1kg with 2 liters of water. | Apple | Malus domestica | 🔴 RED | Not Evaluated | Oka, V., Nna, V., Inyang, E., & Ikpe, J. (2014). Methanolic extract of Malus domestica mitigates formalin - Induced derangements in small intestinal motility and transit. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, 5, 45-50. https://doi.org/10.3126/AJMS.V5I3.9106. | Esther | Anatongre, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1028 | Nagaland | Agriculture Practice | Natural remedy to increase shelflife of seeds | Antibacteria | Kholar (Rajma) can be protected from damge due to pest by this herb for a year, Directly rub this herb with beans or add dry powder | Pomelo | Citrus maxima | 🔴 RED | Least Concern | Singh, P., Shukla, R., Prakash, B., Kumar, A., Singh, S., Mishra, P., & Dubey, N. (2010). Chemical profile, antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic and antioxidant activity of Citrus maxima Burm. and Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck essential oils and their cyclic monoterpene, DL-limonene.. Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 48 6, 1734-40 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2010.04.001. | Tsatosa | Yingshukui, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1029 | Nagaland | Human Health | Iron tonic | Iron deficiency | Recipee | Cooking | Beans | Phaseolus vulgaris | 🔴 RED | Not Evaluated | Nsiri, K., & Krouma, A. (2023). The Key Physiological and Biochemical Traits Underlying Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Response to Iron Deficiency, and Related Interrelationships. Agronomy. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13082148. | Kiphire | |||||||
1030 | Nagaland | Human Health | Regular food for diabeties patients | Diabetes | Bread | Maize | Zea mays | 🔴 RED | Not Evaluated | Gomez, E. (2015). 113: THE EFFECTS OF CORN (ZEA MAYS) IN THE DIETARY MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS. BMJ Open, 5. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-forum2015abstracts.113. | Kiphire | ||||||||
1031 | Nagaland | Human Health | Spice good for stomach | Stomach ache | Spices, Serum is also made out of it | Cooking | Mountain Pepper | Tasmannia lanceolata | 🔵 BLUE | Not Evaluated | Cock, I. (2013). The phytochemistry and chemotherapeutic potential of Tasmannia lanceolata (Tasmanian pepper): A review. Pharmacognosy Communications, 3, 1-13. | Kiphire | |||||||
1032 | Nagaland | Human Health | Millet good for blood | Decreases fat in blood | Recipee | Mumtse | Jops tear | Coix lacryma-jobi | 🔴 RED | Least Concern | Lee, Y., Park, H., Cho, S., Park, S., & Kim, M. (2021). The Effect of Yulmu (Coix lacryma-jobi L.)-Sunsik on Obesity and Hyperlipidemia in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2021.50.7.664. | Kiphire | |||||||
1033 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural agent for skin whitening | Skin whitening | Its extrat is used | Crushing | Mumtse | Jops tear | Coix lacryma-jobi | 🔴 RED | Least Concern | Uehara, S., Yoshikawa, C., Yoshida, M., Mizuno, M., Ryu, A., Kyo, H., & Suzuki, N. (2019). Effect of the Hot Water Extract of Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf with Husks on Skin Improvement. Japanese Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1625/JCAM.16.33. | Kiphire | ||||||
1034 | Nagaland | Human Health | Vegetable used to treat gastric issue | Gastric Issue | Vegetavle | Thringpipi | Not applicable | - | Liroba | Risethsi, Kipkire | Kiphire | ||||||||
1035 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to control blood | Blood Coagulation | Leaves after crushing are applied directly. | Burma gass | Burma gass | Ageratina adenophora | 🟤 BROWN | Not Threatened | Kiblasan, J., Bangsail, R., & Paredes, A. (2021). Efficacy of Philippine Ageratina Adenophoraas Home Remedy to Stop Bleedingamong Natives of Western Mountain Province. Medico Legal Update. https://doi.org/10.37506/MLU.V21I2.2905. | Liroba | Risethsi, Kipkire | Kiphire | |||||
1036 | Nagaland | Human Health | Used to control blood | Blood Cougulant | Applied directly, it is sticky and combines cut quickly | Nichusing | Not applicable | - | Lilsacho | Risethsi, Kipkire | Kiphire | ||||||||
1037 | Nagaland | Animal Health | Grass | Pig Feed | Given to pigs directly | Pipipi | Not applicable | - | Amahator, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||||||
1038 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat ringworm | Ringworm | Put a piece of paper over effected area and wrap over a leaf over it with the help of a cloth piece, after some time remove it. | Akangphuvha | Not applicable | - | Thriochumla | Kisetong, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||||
1039 | Nagaland | Human Health | Used to control blood | Blood Cougulant | Use directly | Rangsi | Not applicable | - | Thriochumla | Kisetong, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||||
1040 | Nagaland | Human Health | mustard oil to treat headache | Headache | Heat and wrap over head | mustard | Brassica nigra | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (global, IUCN 3.1) | Vishwanath, B. (2021). Preparation and Characterization Mustard Oil, Nutmeg and Cloves to Treat Headache. International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.39526. | Thriochumla | Kisetong, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1041 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat cough | Cough | Take some quantity of crushed ginger with honey | Shing | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient (DD) | Bera, K., Nosalova, G., Sivová, V., & Ray, B. (2016). Structural Elements and Cough Suppressing Activity of Polysaccharides from Zingiber officinale Rhizome. Phytotherapy Research, 30, 105 - 111. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5508. | Bera, K., Nosalova, G., Sivova, V., & Ray, B. (2016). Structural elements and cough suppressing activity of polysaccharides from Zingiber officinale rhizome. Phytotherapy Research, 30(1), 105-111. | Thriochumla | Kisetong, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1042 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural facewash | Face wash | Rouse water is applied on face as toner | Rose | Rosa | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue | Varies; e.g., R. arabica is CR | Bhagwat, J., Bagwe, G., Aryan, A., Babar, H., Avhad, P., & Uppalwar, S. (2024). Herbal Medicinal Plant Used in Facewash for Skin Care. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0124.0214. | , A., Khisse, D., , P., Bari, S., , O., Patil, V., , M., Pakhare, K., , Y., & Kunjir, A. (2023). A REVIEW ON: ALOV VERA FACE WASH. . | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1043 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment for fungal infection | Fungal Infection | Used directly | Akangphuvha | Pittosporum lancifolium | 🟫 Brown | Not Evaluated | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||||
1044 | Nagaland | Human Health | Used to treat stomach ache | Stomach ache | Recipee of leaves | Tringuveh | Not applicable | - | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||||
1045 | Nagaland | Human Health | Used to control diabetes | Diabetes | Boiled leaves are given to diabetes Patients | Zetong | Koenigia mollis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Bhutia, R., Rai, Y. K., & Rai, L. K. (2021). Wild edible plant used by ethnic peoples on the boundary of subtropical & temperate natural forest, Mamlay watershed, South Sikkim. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources (IJNPR)[Formerly Natural Product Radiance (NPR)], 11(4), 350-357. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1046 | Nagaland | Human Health | Used to control blood pressure | Blood pressure | Boiled leaves are given to PB Patients | Zetong | Koenigia mollis | 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | No scientific citation | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1047 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural tea to control diabetes | diabeties | Eaten as geen tea for diabeties | Agurshi | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Mazhin, S. A., Zaker, M. A., Shahbazian, H. B., Azemi, M. E., & Madanchi, N. (2016). Ficus carica leaves decoction on glycemic factors of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind clinical trial. Jundishapur. J. Nat. Pharm. Prod, 11, e25814. | Gillani, M., Iftikhar, H., Lodhi, A., & Pasha, I. (2018). Development and Characterisation of Fig (Ficus carica) Leaves Tea with Special Reference to Hypoglycemic Effect: Ficus Leaves Tea for Hypoglycemia. Biological Sciences-PJSIR, 61(2), 78-83. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1048 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to cure food poisoning | Food poisening | Given with recipee | Sami | Sumac | Rhus coriaria | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Al-Mousawi, A. H., Abass, A. A., & Mansor, M. R. (2023, December). Antibacterial activity of some plant extracts against bacteria that cause food poisoning diseases in meat beef. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2977, No. 1, p. 040136). AIP Publishing LLC. | Aal-Tay, A. F. R. (2015). Natural phenolic extracts from cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), sumac (Rhus coriaria) and pomegranate (Punica granatum)-Potential application to control pathogenic bacteria in foods. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1049 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to cure stomach ache | Stomach ache | Given with recipee | Sami | Sumac | Rhus coriaria | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Shabbir, A. (2012). Rhus coriaria linn, a plant of medicinal, nutritional and industrial importance: a review. J Anim Plant Sci, 22(2), 505-12. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1050 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to cure loose motion | Louse motion | Given with recipee | Sami | Sumac | Rhus coriaria | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Shabbir, A. (2012). Rhus coriaria linn, a plant of medicinal, nutritional and industrial importance: a review. J Anim Plant Sci, 22(2), 505-12. | Janbaz, K. H., Shabbir, A., Mehmood, H., & Gilani, A. H. (2014). Pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of Rhus coriaria in hyperactive gut disorders. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 9(4), 636. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1051 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to cure vomiting | Vomiting | Given with recipee | Sami | Sumac | Rhus coriaria | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Shabbir, A. (2012). Rhus coriaria linn, a plant of medicinal, nutritional and industrial importance: a review. J Anim Plant Sci, 22(2), 505-12. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1052 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural substance used for meet merinatation | Meat merination | Mixed with meet | Sami | Sumac | Rhus coriaria | 🔵 Blue | Least Concern (LC) | Shabbir, A. (2012). Rhus coriaria linn, a plant of medicinal, nutritional and industrial importance: a review. J Anim Plant Sci, 22(2), 505-12. | Sakhr, K., & El Khatib, S. (2019). The use of Syrian Sumac (Rhus coriaria) as a meat tenderizer: effect on fat, protein and collagen profiles on pectoralis superficialis cut. Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 7(8), 1203-1215. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1053 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to cure tooth ache | Toothache | Given directly | Tsimingshi (Thorn leaves) | Solanum viarum | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | Pandey, S., Patel, P., Prasad, A., Sawant, S. V., & Misra, P. (2020). Assessment of direct shoot organogenesis and genetic fidelity in Solanum viarum Dunal—a commercially important medicinal plant. In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology-Plant, 56(4), 538-547 | Thakur, M., Verma, R., Kumar, D., Das, P. P., Dhalaria, R., Kumar, A., ... & Kumar, D. (2024). Revisiting the ethnomedicinal, ethnopharmacological, phytoconstituents and phytoremediation of the plant Solanum viarum Dunal. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, 397(8), 5513-5531. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1054 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to cure toothache | Toothache | Toothache, chew directly | Sichuan Pepper | Zanthoxylum piperitum | 🟢 Green | Least Concern (LC) | Kim, M. H., Lee, H. J., Park, J. C., Hong, J., & Yang, W. M. (2017). Zanthoxylum piperitum reversed alveolar bone loss of periodontitis via regulation of bone remodeling-related factors. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 195, 137-142. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1055 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to cure muscle pain | Muscle pain | Its extract is used to muscle contraction and have potential in pain management. | Sichuan Pepper | Zanthoxylum piperitum | 🟢 Green | Least Concern (LC) | Yun, S. W., Seo, Y. J., Kwon, J. E., Park, D. W., Lee, Y. G., Choe, T. H., ... & Kang, S. C. (2022). Preclinical evaluation of Zanthoxylum piperitum Benn., traditional muscle pain remedy, for joint inflammation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 286, 114921. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1056 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment for live cuts | Live cut | To combine live woundcut by applying directly | Aikho | oncidium | ⚫ Black | Not Evaluated (NE) | de Gaspi, F. O. D. G., Foglio, M. A., de Carvalho, J. E., Santos, G. M. T., Testa, M., Passarini Jr, J. R., ... & Mendonça, F. A. S. (2011). Effects of the topical application of hydroalcoholic leaf extract of Oncidium flexuosum Sims.(Orchidaceae) and microcurrent on the healing of wounds surgically induced in Wistar rats. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2011(1), 950347. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1057 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural tea to control diabetes | Diabetes | Eaten as geen tea for diabeties | Ngursih | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red | Least Concern (LC) | Mazhin, S. A., Zaker, M. A., Shahbazian, H. B., Azemi, M. E., & Madanchi, N. (2016). Ficus carica leaves decoction on glycemic factors of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a double-blind clinical trial. Jundishapur. J. Nat. Pharm. Prod, 11, e25814. | Yangselo | Changchor, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1058 | Nagaland | Human Health | Treatment for inflammation | Body inflammation | Fern recipee helps to reduce inflammation in the body | Fern | Fern | Matteuccia struthiopteris | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (global NE) | Wang, X., Guo, J., Zang, S., Liu, B., & Wu, Y. (2024). Comparison of Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant Potential, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Activity and Volatile Components Based on HS-SPME-GC-MS of Different Parts from Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro. Molecules, 29(5), 1142. | Dion, C., Haug, C., Guan, H., Ripoll, C., Spiteller, P., Coussaert, A., ... & Lamottke, K. (2015). Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative potential of four fern species from China intended for use as food supplements. Natural Product Communications, 10(4), 1934578X1501000416. | Vitoli | Sitimi, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1059 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural blood thinig agent | Heart issues | Flowers assist in reducing heart issue | Rotho denderon | Rhododendron arboreum | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | No scientific citation | Vitoli | Sitimi, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1060 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural blood thinig agent | Cholesterol | Flowers assist in reducing cholesterol level | Rotho denderon | Rhododendron arboreum | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Thangaraj, V. (2013). Hypolipidemic effect of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. linn flower juice in experimentally induced hypercholestermic rabbits. | Vitoli | Sitimi, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1061 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural oil helps to keep skin hydrated | Skin moisturing | Use directly | Indian Olive | loribundus Blume | Not applicable | Not Evaluated (unclear identity) | Badiu, D., & Rajendram, R. (2021). Effect of olive oil on the skin. Olives and olive oil in health and disease prevention, 401-413. | Vitoli | Sitimi, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||
1062 | Nagaland | Human Health | Organic vegetable | Vegetable | Shoots are eaten by humans as a vegetable | Ngursih | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red | Least Concern (LC) | Hiwale, S. (2015). Fig (Ficus carica). In Sustainable Horticulture in semiarid dry lands (pp. 159-175). New Delhi: Springer India. | Vitoli | Sitimi, Kiphire | Kiphire | |||||
1063 | Nagaland | Human Health | Leaves are feed to pigs | Feed | Leaves are feed to pigs | Ngursih | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red | Least Concern (LC) | Osowe, C. O., Olowu, O. P. A., Adu, O. A., Oloruntola, O. D., & Chineke, C. A. (2021). Proximate and mineral composition, phytochemical analysis, and antioxidant activity of fig trees (Ficus spp.) leaf powder. Asian journal of biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 9(1), 19-29. | Baah, J., Tait, R. M., & Tuah, A. K. (1999). The effect of supplementation with ficus leaves on the utilization of cassava peels by sheep. Bioresource technology, 67(1), 47-51. | Vitoli | Sitimi, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1064 | Nagaland | Human Health | Aids digestion | Digestion | Boil and remove the outer skin of the taro and consume directly. | Ayie | Taro | Colocasia esculenta | 🟢 Green | Least Concern (LC) | Zubair, M. W., Imran, A., Islam, F., Afzaal, M., Saeed, F., Zahra, S. M., ... & Awuchi, C. G. (2023). Functional profile and encapsulating properties of Colocasia esculenta (Taro). Food Science & Nutrition, 11(6), 2440-2449. | Tu, L., Nisar, T., Lv, C. Q., Yang, Z. F., Fang, Z., Wang, Z. C., & Lin, Y. (2023). Physicochemical and digestive properties of Lipu taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) flour and starch. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 58(3), 1444-1453. | Vitoli | Sitimi, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1065 | Nagaland | Human Health | Treatment for gastric issues | Gastric problem | Recipee | Akuhu | Yacon | Smallanthus sonchifolius | 🟢 Green | Not Evaluated (NE) | Pereira, M. F., Soares, I. D. C., Cabral, M. M., de Freitas, P. A., Sousa, G. M., Magalhães, S. C., ... & de Oliveira, K. A. (2025). Impacts of Yacon Syrup (Smallanthus sonchifolius) on Human Health: A Systematic Review of Scientific Evidence from the Last Decade. Nutrients, 17(5), 888. | de Almeida Paula, H. A., Abranches, M. V., & de Luces Fortes Ferreira, C. L. (2015). Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius): A food with multiple functions. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 55(1), 32-40. | Vitoli | Sitimi, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1066 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural tooth cleaner | Tooth cleaning | Pulf of roots | Ayako Thi | Walnut | Juglans regia | ⚫ Black | Least Concern (LC) | Khattak, P., Khalil, T., Bibi, S., Jabeen, H., Muhammad, N., Khan, M., & Liaqat, S. (2022). Juglans Regia (Walnut Tree) Bark in Dentistry. Pakistan BioMedical Journal. https://doi.org/10.54393/pbmj.v5i1.201. | Al-Rawi, R., Bashir, Y., Mustafa, A., Omar, M., Al-Rawi, N., Saeed, M., Uthman, A., & Al-Rawi, N. (2021). Teeth Whitening and Antibacterial Effects of Juglans regia Bark: A Preliminary Study. International Journal of Dentistry, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6685437. | Vitoli | Sitimi, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||
1067 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal tonic to control blood presure | Leaves | Blood pressure | Nananeya | Not applicable | - | Vitoli | Sitimi, Kiphire | Kiphire | ||||||||
1068 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment to treat BP | Blood pressure | Multifunctional food, can be used food ingredient and spice | Anguthi | Sichuan Pepper | Zanthoxylum piperitum | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Li, X., Kim, H. Y., Cui, H. Z., Cho, K. W., Kang, D. G., & Lee, H. S. (2010). Water extract of Zanthoxylum piperitum induces vascular relaxation via endothelium-dependent NO-cGMP signaling. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 129(2), 197-202. | Yun, S. W., Seo, Y. J., Kwon, J. E., Park, D. W., Lee, Y. G., Choe, T. H., ... & Kang, S. C. (2022). Preclinical evaluation of Zanthoxylum piperitum Benn., traditional muscle pain remedy, for joint inflammation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 286, 114921. | Sichuan Pepper | ||||||
1069 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to impove digestion | Digestion | Multifunctional food, can be used food ingredient and spice | Anguthi | Sichuan Pepper | Zanthoxylum piperitum | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Nooreen, Z., Tandon, S., Yadav, N. P., Kumar, P., Xuan, T. D., & Ahmad, A. (2019). Zanthoxylum: a review of its traditional uses, naturally occurring constituents and pharmacological properties. Current Organic Chemistry, 23(12), 1307-1341. | Sichuan Pepper | |||||||
1070 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy for respiratory system | Respiratory system | Decoction | Chonyila | Justicia adhatoda L. | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Jothimangalam, M. S., & Deepa, M. (2022). Medicinal and Therapeutic use of Justicia adhatoda L. Thanuj International Publishers, Tamil Nadu, India, 366. | Sobia, H. N., Khan, S., & Nadeem, F. (2018). Use of malabar nut (Justicia adhatoda L.) from traditional medicine to current pharmacopeia–A review study. Int J Chem Biochem Sci, 13, 46-51. | ||||||||
1071 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat cough | Cough | Decoction | Chonyila | Justicia adhatoda L. | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Sobia, H. N., Khan, S., & Nadeem, F. (2018). Use of malabar nut (Justicia adhatoda L.) from traditional medicine to current pharmacopeia–A review study. Int J Chem Biochem Sci, 13, 46-51. | |||||||||
1072 | Nagaland | Human Health | Home remedy to treat menstrual cramps | Menstrual cramps | Recipee | Youngchak | Sticky Beans | Parkia speciosa | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Ahmad, N. I., Rahman, S. A., Leong, Y. H., & Azizul, N. H. (2019). A review on the phytochemicals of Parkia speciosa, stinky beans as potential phytomedicine. J. Food Sci. Nutr. Res, 2(3), 151-173. | Sticky Beans | |||||||
1073 | Nagaland | Human Health | Home remedy to treat cold and fever | Cold and fever | Recipee | Youngchak | Sticky Beans | Parkia speciosa | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | No Scientific Validation | Sticky Beans | |||||||
1074 | Nagaland | Human Health | Home remedy to treat back pain | Back pain | Recipee | Youngchak | Sticky Beans | Parkia speciosa | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Kamisah, Y., Othman, F., Qodriyah, H. M. S., & Jaarin, K. (2013). Parkia speciosa Hassk.: A potential phytomedicine. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2013(1), 709028. | Sticky Beans | |||||||
1075 | Nagaland | Human health | Used to improve digestion | Digestion | Boil and remove the outer skin of the taro and consume directly. | Paanu | Taro | Colocasia esculenta | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Ubalua, A. O., Ewa, F., & Okeagu, O. D. (2016). Potentials and challenges of sustainable taro (Colocasia esculenta) production in Nigeria. J Appl Biol Biotechnol, 4(1), 53-59. | Medicinal plant | |||||||
1076 | Nagaland | Human Health | Fruit used to clesn gut | Gut cleaning | Use directly | Loquat | Eriobotrya japonica | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Zhu, X., Wang, L., Zhao, T., & Jiang, Q. (2022). Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of Eriobotrya japonica leaves: A summary.. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 115566 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115566. | Loquat | ||||||||
1077 | Nagaland | Human Health | Improves skin | Good for skin | Use directly | Avocados | Persea americana | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Lister, I. N., Amiruddin, H. L., Fachrial, E., & Girsang, E. (2021). Anti-aging effectiveness of avocado peel extract ointment (persea americana mill.) against hydration, collagen, and elasticity levels in wistar rat. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 173-184. | Deuschle, V. C., Brusco, I., Piana, M., Faccin, H., de Carvalho, L. M., Oliveira, S. M., & Viana, C. (2019). Persea americana Mill. crude extract exhibits antinociceptive effect on UVB radiation-induced skin injury in mice. Inflammopharmacology, 27(2), 323-338. | Avocados | |||||||
1078 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural treatment for vision | Vision | Use directly | Persimmon | Diospyros virginiana | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Sulastri, D., Khairina, Y., Christita, M., Larekeng, S. H., Simarmata, R., & Restu, M. (2025). A Review of diospyros species: antibacterial and antifungal compounds, microbiome interactions, and pathogen dynamics. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1445, No. 1, p. 012090). IOP Publishing. | Persimmon | ||||||||
1079 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural tonic | Use directly | Lychi | Litchi chinensis | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Zhao, L., Wang, K., Wang, K., Zhu, J., & Hu, Z. (2020). Nutrient components, health benefits, and safety of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.): A review. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 19(4), 2139-2163. | Lichi | |||||||||
1080 | Nagaland | Human Health | Remedy to control fever | Fever | Decoction | Jackfruit | Artocarpus heterophyllus | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated (NE) | Prakash, O., Kumar, R., Mishra, A., & Gupta, R. (2009). Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit): an overview. Pharmacognosy reviews, 3(6), 353. | Jackfruit | ||||||||
1081 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to increases milk in lactating mother | Increases milk in lactating mother | Papaya is being peeles and boiled in water for some tme and after removing it from water. It is beiing served to the women having less breast milk. | Papaya | Carica papaya | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient | Pesak, E., Losu, F. N., Dompas, R., Lumy, F., Tirtawati, G. A., Pratiwi, D., ... & Tangka, J. W. (2021). Impact of papaya (Carica papaya l.) on breast milk production enhancement of nursing mothers at teling atas public health center, wanea subdistrict, manado city. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 9(B), 240-243. | Ikhlasiah, M., Winarni, L. M., Poddar, S., & Bhaumik, A. (2020). The effects of papaya leaf juice for breastfeeding and working mothers on increasing prolactin hormone levels and infant's weight in Tangerang. Enfermeria clinica, 30, 202-205. | Papaya | |||||||
1082 | Nagaland | Veterinary | Used to feed pigs | Pig feed | Feed | Tapioca | Manihot esculenta | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | " Not Evaluated (NE)" | Wanapat, M., & Kang, S. (2015). Cassava chip (Manihot esculenta Crantz) as an energy source for ruminant feeding. Animal Nutrition, 1(4), 266-270. | Orororo, O. C., Tonukari, N. J., Avwioroko, O. J., & Ezedom, T. (2014). Effect of supplementation of animal feed with dried cassava (Manihot esculenta) peels, and stems of Vernonia amygdalina and Pennisetum purpereum on some biochemical parameters in pigs. NISEB J, 14(4), 177-183 | Tapioca | |||||||
1083 | Nagaland | Human Health | Treament for digestion | Digestion | Use with other foods | Apple | Malus domestica | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated. | Patocka, J., Bhardwaj, K., Klimova, B., Nepovimova, E., Wu, Q., Landi, M., ... & Wu, W. (2020). Malus domestica: A review on nutritional features, chemical composition, traditional and medicinal value. Plants, 9(11), 1408. | Apple | ||||||||
1084 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy for weight loss | Weight loss | Eating it with any recipee | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No Scientific Validation | Castor | |||||||
1085 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to improve sleep | Poor sleep | Eating it with any recipee | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Sabitha et al. "EVALUATOIN OF GENOTOXICITY OF RICINUS COMMUNIS (LEAVES AND SEEDS) BY THEIR SILVER NANO-PARTICLES USING COMET ASSAY." (2022). | Castor | |||||||
1086 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy for kidney stone | Kidney stones | Eating it with any recipee | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Pradeep Singh et al. "In vitro and ex vivo studies to assess the antiurolithiasis activity of phenolic components of Ricinus communis L. and Euphorbia hirta L. with simultaneous HPTLC analysis." Annals of Phytomedicine: An International Journal (2022). https://doi.org/10.54085/ap.2022.11.1.56. | Castor | |||||||
1087 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy for hair loss | Healthier hair | By applying the oil | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Pramodini, G. N., & Aswathi, E. THE VERSATILE CASTOR PLANT RICINUS COMMUNIS COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON THE MEDICINAL AND HEALTH BENEFITS. | Castor | |||||||
1088 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to treat joint pain | Joint pain | By applying the oil | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Gupta, R., Chaudhary, A. K., & Sharma, R. (2024). Analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of Ricinus communis Linn.: evidence from pharmacology to clinical studies. Current Pharmacology Reports, 10(1), 27-67. | Castor | |||||||
1089 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy for digestion | Better digestion | Eating it with any recipee | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | No Scientific Validation | Castor | |||||||
1090 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy for skin | Skin firm and youthful | By applying the oil | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Bhushan, R., Sharma, V., Mishra, R., Yadav, M., Marde, R., Kabdwal, B., Karunakar, G., & Goswami, A. (2024). Ricinus Communis Significant role in Skin Disorders. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Applications. https://doi.org/10.35629/4494-0905662666. | Castor | |||||||
1091 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to incerease sperm quality | Increasing sperm quality | Eating it with any recipee | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | ⚫ Black | Least Concern | No Scientific Validation ( antifertility effect) | Castor | |||||||
1092 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to treat painful cramps | Relief from menstrual cramps | By applying the oil | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Khan Marwat, S., Khan, E. A., Baloch, M. S., Sadiq, M., Ullah, I., Javaria, S., & Shaheen, S. (2017). Ricinus cmmunis: Ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities. Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 30(5). | Safdar, A., Bibi, R., Ilyas, I., Irum, S., Fatima, S., Sikandar, R., ... & Qasim, M. Botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and toxicology of Ricinus communis L. A comprehensive. | Castor | ||||||
1093 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to treat irregular periods | Irregular cycles | Eating it with any recipee | Castor | Castor | Ricinus communis | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Khadim, S., Malik, K., Qureshi, R., Misbah, M., & Rehman, S. (2023). Ethnogynecological study of traditional therapeutic plants used by the indigenous communities: A case study from District Gujrat Punjab, Pakistan. Ethnobotany Research and Applications. https://doi.org/10.32859/era.26.2.1-23. | Castor | |||||||
1094 | Nagaland | Agriculture Practice | Leaf extract used to control pests | Pest control | Extract of leaves is sprayed to control pests | Orange | Citrus × sinensis | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Zewde, D. K., & Jembere, B. (2010). Evaluation of orange peel citrus sinensis (L) as a source of repellent, toxicant and protectant against Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: bruchidae). Momona Ethiopian Journal of Science, 2(1). | Orange | ||||||||
1095 | Nagaland | Agriculture Practice | Leaf extract used to control pests | Pest control | Extract of leaves is used to control pests amoung seeds | Lime | Citrus aurantifolia | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Majeed, M. Z., Nawaz, M. I., Khan, R. R., Farooq, U., & Ma, C. S. (2018). Insecticidal effects of acetone, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Azadirachta indica (A. Juss), Citrus aurantium (L.), Citrus sinensis (L.) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehnh.) against mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae). Tropical and subtropical agroecosystems, 21(3). | Simon-Oke, I. A., & Akeju, A. V. (2019). Laboratory evaluation of extract from peels and seeds of some Citrus species against Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Journal of Mosquito Research, 9. | Lime | |||||||
1096 | Nagaland | Human health | Remedy to teat diarrhea | Controls diarrhea | Directly eat ripe bananas | Lasih | Banana | Musa acuminata | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Tn, C., Ahamed, M., & Bs, A. (2024). Ethnomedicinal and Pharmacological Properties of Cavendish Banana. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research. https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i02.19004. | Banana | |||||||
1097 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to control sign of aging | To reduce signs of aging | Extract of leaves is used | Mamgo | Mangifera indica | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | El-Nashar, H., El-Labbad, E., Al-Azzawi, M., & Ashmawy, N. (2022). A New Xanthone Glycoside from Mangifera indica L.: Physicochemical Properties and In Vitro Anti-Skin Aging Activities. Molecules, 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092609. | Agrawal, R. (2021). Pharmacological studies of Mangifera indica leaf extract. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2021.7.3.0100. | Mamgo | |||||||
1098 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to control diabetes | Diabetes | Peel is used for diabeties as decoction | Pomelo | Citrus maxima | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Ani, P. N., & Ochu, K. E. (2020). Anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective potential of shaddock (Citrus maxima) peel extract. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Technologia Alimentaria, 19(3), 271-278. | Mohammed, S. M., Abd-Almonuim, A. E., Majeed, A., & Khlaf, H. (2021). The Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Hyperlipidemia effect of Citrus maxima Fruit Peel extract in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 14(10), 5355-5358. | Pomelo | |||||||
1099 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural blood thinig agent | Blood thinner | Its extract taken with water early in the morning ca act as a blood thinner | Lemon | Citrus × limon | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Lemon | |||||||||
1100 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural substance used for meet merinatation | Meet merination | Its extract is used to merinate meet | Lemon | Citrus × limon | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Lemon | |||||||||
1101 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal remedy to treat vomiting | Vomiting | Decoction | Crushing | Pomegranate | Punica granatum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Pomegranate | ||||||||
1102 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural blood tonic | Bllod Purification | Used directly | Fungiyansi | Raspberry | Rubus idaeus | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Raspberry | ||||||||
1103 | Nagaland | Natural remedy to treat ulcers | Ulcers | It is used directly | |||||||||||||||
1104 | Nagaland | Human Health | Herbal treatment to control diabetes | Diabeties | Used as a vegetable | Rezak | Nattle | Urtica | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | |||||||||
1105 | Nagaland | Veterinary | Grass | Feed | Pig feed | Pihihi | |||||||||||||
1106 | Nagaland | Human Health | Natural remedy to control diabetes | Diabeties | Use directly | Mulasing | |||||||||||||
1107 | Nagaland | Human Health | Fruit used to treat heart diseses | Good for heart | Use after drying | Pukhothi | Wild Apple | malus sylvestris | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | |||||||||
1108 | Nagaland | Human health | Soup used to help digestion | Aiding digestion | Slice and boil the bamboo shoots and consume the soup | Xuh zu | Bambo shoot | Bambusa vulgaris | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Bamboo shoot | ||||||||
1109 | Nagaland | Human health | Herbal treatment to control diabetes | Controls diabetes | Make juice in a blender and drink the fresh juice on an empty stomach. | Shuku sih | Grapes | Vitis vinefera | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern. | Rahman, M. M., Islam, M. R., Shohag, S., Hossain, M. E., Rahaman, M. S., Islam, F., Ahmed, M., Mitra, S., Khandaker, M. U., Idris, A. M., Chidambaram, K., Emran, T. B., & Cavalu, S. (2022). The Multifunctional Role of Herbal Products in the Management of Diabetes and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules, 27(5), 1713.https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules270517133 | Grapes | |||||||
1110 | Nagaland | Human health | Herbal treatment to control diabetes | Anti diabetic effects | Pound the black ginger into fine powder (dry) and mix it with warm water/honey and consume. | Shing nyah | Black ginger | Kaempferia parviflora | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient (DD) | Mohamad, Ahmad & Nordin, Muhammad & Ani, Ismail & Jemberang, Johan & Ishak, Reezal & Hasan, Ahmad & Ahmad, Muhammad & Omar, Mohd & Hamzah, Roszymah. (2021). Evaluating the Effect of Volten VR4® Kaempferia parviflora Extracts on Blood Glucose Levels in Human Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus and Healthy Individual: A Case-Control Study. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet. 104. 1610-6. 10.35755/jmedassocthai.2021.10.12751. | Black ginger | |||||||
1111 | Nagaland | Human health | Used to help digestion | Indigestion | Slice the pineaple into pulps or make juice and consume | Jurong | Pineaple | Ananas comosus | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Pineaple | ||||||||
1112 | Nagaland | Human health | Herbal treatment to cure swelling | Swelling | Slice the pineaple into pulps or make juice and consume | Jurong | Pineaple | Ananas comosus | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Pineaple | ||||||||
1113 | Nagaland | Human health | Remedy to control diarrhea | Controls diarrhea | Directly eat ripe bananas or boil green bananas and consume | Lasih | Banana | Musa acuminata | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Banana | ||||||||
1114 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural lever tonic | Liver detox | Make fresh juice of the cane and drink on an empty stomach | Muthsup | Sugarcane | Saccharum officinarum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Sugarcane | ||||||||
1115 | Nagaland | Human health | Treament to cure wounds | Wound healing | Make a paste of the guava leaves and apply on wounds | Motrom va | Guava leaves | Psidium guajava | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | not evaluated | Guava leaves | ||||||||
1116 | Nagaland | Human health | Treatment for indigestion | Aids digestion | Boil and remove the outer skin of the taro and consume directly | Paanu | Taro | Colocasia esculenta | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Taro | ||||||||
1117 | Nagaland | Human health | Helps to remain hydrateted | Hydration | Remove the outer skin and slice the cucumber and directly consume it. | Lushah | Cucumber | Cucumis sativus | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Cucumber | ||||||||
1118 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tonic | Protein | Clean and cook the beans with some spices and have it with cooked rice. | Lingle | Beans | Phaseolus vulgaris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Beans | ||||||||
1119 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tonic | Vitamin B | Boil the corn and consume directly. | Tsesu | Maize | Zea mays | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Maize | ||||||||
1120 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tea | Herbal tea | Remove the outer layer and boil it with a little sugar and consume | Mumtse | Job tears | Coix lacryma-jobi | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Job tears | ||||||||
1121 | Nagaland | Human health | Used to treat cold | Cold | Boil sliced ginger with tea and consume during cold | Shing | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient (DD) | Shing | ||||||||
1122 | Nagaland | Human health | Helps in digestion | Digestion | Boil sliced ginger with tea and consume during cold | Shing | Ginger | Zingiber officinale | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient (DD) | Shing | ||||||||
1123 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tonic | Antioxidants | Pound the sumac into fine powder and have it with warm water. | Sami | Sumac | Rhus coriaria | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern (LC) | Sumac | ||||||||
1124 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tonic | Gut health | Extract fresh juice from the fruit and drink. | Muthoh | Wild apple | Malus sylvestris | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Wild apple | ||||||||
1125 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tonic | Provides fibre | Remove the outer layer and consume directly. | Ngursih | Fig | Ficus carica | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Fig | ||||||||
1126 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tonic | Energy source | Clean and boil the tapioca with a pinch of salt and have it hot. | Singrho | Tapioca | Manihot esculenta | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated. | Tapioca | ||||||||
1127 | Nagaland | Human health | Herbal treatment to cure gastritis | Gastritis | Extract juice from the pulps and drink on an empty stomach in the morning hours | Luhpum | Ash gourd | Benincasa hispida | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Ash gourd | ||||||||
1128 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural deworming agent | Deworming | Roast the seeds and make fine powders, then boil with little salt and drink | Aphyeru tse | Pumpkin seeds | Cucurbita | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Pumpkin seeds | ||||||||
1129 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tonic | Nutrition | Boil it with little sugar and consume it directly. | Ditse | Little millet | Panicum sumatrense | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | Little millet | ||||||||
1130 | Nagaland | Human health | Helps to cure cramps | Menstrual cramps | Boiled dried skin for 2 to 3 minutes and serve like tea without adding sugar | Shekuthi | Wild hog plum | spondias Axillaris | 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | wild hog plum | ||||||||
1131 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tea | Tea | Pound and keep dried in sunlight served like tea withoutsugar | kholeithi | gooseberry | phyllanthus | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | gooseberry | ||||||||
1132 | Nagaland | Human health | Remedy to treat internal injury | Injury | Boiled 2 to 3 minutes and drink half cup | Awusu | Red ginger | zingiber | 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated. | Red ginger | ||||||||
1133 | Nagaland | Human health | Helps in digestion | Digestion | Mixed honey and jelly of alovera for skin and for digestion drink alovera juice with luke warm water | Anipa | Aloe vera | Aloe barbadensis | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated. | Alovera | ||||||||
1134 | Nagaland | Human health | Fruit used to treat heart diseses | Good for heart | Use after drying | pukhothi | Wild apple | malus sylvestris | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | wild apple | ||||||||
1135 | Nagaland | Human health | Remedy to improve digestion | Digestion | Use directly | Alubokuna | Plum | Prunus domestica | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | plam | ||||||||
1136 | Nagaland | Human health | Drink good for weight control | Weight loss and digestion | Decoction | Aucho zu | Banana water | Musa paradisiaca | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | banana water | ||||||||
1137 | Nagaland | Human health | Remedy to improve digestion | Digestion | Use directly | Yekuthi | Peach | Prunus persica | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | peach | ||||||||
1138 | Nagaland | Human health | Herbal treatment for blood thinning | Blood thinner | Prepairing consentrated lemon extract by squizing the lemmon, filteration and heating process | Boiling | Lemon | Lemon | Citrus limon | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Lemon | |||||||
1139 | Nagaland | Human health | Remedy to treat weakness | Weakness | Use directly | Ghakuthi | Wild nuts | wild nuts | |||||||||||
1140 | Nagaland | Human health | Used to improve bone health | Bone health | Use directly | Kakuithi | Black Berry | Vaccinium corymbosum | 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | - | Black Berry | ||||||||
1141 | Nagaland | Human health | Remedy to improve digestion | Digestion | Use directly | Masupathi | Pear | Pyrus communis | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Least Concern | pear | ||||||||
1142 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tooth cleaner | Tooth whitening | Clean with fresh water and rub in tooth area for whitening | Ghakuthi nika | wild nuts leaves | wild nuts leaves | |||||||||||
1143 | Nagaland | Human health | Natural tonic | Tonic | Clean with water and peel skin and served directly | Ground Apple | Ground Apple | ||||||||||||
1144 | Nagaland | Human health | Remedy to cure injury | Blood clot | Clean with fresh water make paste and apply on blood clot area | Local Turmeric | Curcuma longa | 🔴 Red, 🟢 Green, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Data Deficient (DD) | Reveny, J., & Harahap, U. (2022). UTILIZATION OF WATER EXTRACT OF YELLOW POTATO (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) IN HYDROGEL EYE MASK AS ANTI-AGING FORMULATION. ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, 38(4). | Local Turmeric | ||||||||
1145 | Nagaland | Human health | Treatment to reduce pain | Tooth ache | in traditional way it is fixed in the end of small bamboo pipe and use smoke to kill bacteria in tooth ache area | Aghala khakhu | |||||||||||||
1146 | Nagaland | Human health | Remedy to reduce sign of aging | Reduces signs of aging | Eat derictly after making a recipee | Potato | Solanum tuberosum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Delaplace, P., Fauconnier, M. L., Sergeant, K., Dierick, J. F., Oufir, M., Van der Wal, F., ... & Du Jardin, P. (2009). Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber ageing induces changes in the proteome and antioxidants associated with the sprouting pattern. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60(4), 1273-1288. | |||||||||
1147 | Nagaland | Human health | Remedy to control diabetes | Blood sugar control | Eat derictly after making a recipee | Potato | Solanum tuberosum | 🔴 Red, 🔵 Blue, 🟤 Brown | Not Evaluated | Das, K., Krishna, P., Sarkar, A., Ilangovan, S. S., & Sen, S. (2017). A review on pharmacological properties of Solanum tuberosum. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 10(5), 1517. |
Preserving Traditional Knowledge, Enhancing Livelihoods, and Conserving Biodiversity in Baramulla, Jammu & Kashmir
In the Baramulla & Gurez valleys of Jammu and Kashmir, our initiative is dedicated to mapping and preserving the rich local bioresources, traditional knowledge systems, and grassroots innovations. Both regions are home to a diverse range of flora and fauna and a wealth of indigenous knowledge passed down through generations. Our mission is to empower local communities, particularly women, by leveraging their traditional knowledge of medicinal plants, wild edible herbs, and sustainable agricultural practices. Through carefully designed activities, we created sustainable livelihoods, conserve biodiversity, and promote rural development in collaboration with other stakeholders.
At the heart of our project are community-led activities that drive tangible outcomes. We begin with participatory biodiversity mapping, where local communities actively participate in scouting & documentation of local traditional knowledge and the region’s flora and fauna through workshops and field surveys. This creates a comprehensive database as the foundation for conservation and sustainable use. We conduct skill development and capacity-building sessions to empower women and farmers focused on sustainable harvesting, value addition, and entrepreneurship. These activities equip participants with the knowledge and tools to generate income through eco-friendly practices and small-scale enterprises. Additionally, we collaborate with research institutions to scientifically validate the efficacy of medicinal plants and traditional remedies, enhancing the credibility and market potential of local products.
Promoting sustainable farming practices is another key focus area. We organize workshops on organic farming, crop diversification, and soil conservation, which lead to improved agricultural productivity, reduced environmental impact, and strengthened food security. To ensure economic sustainability, we support SHGs and FPOs in developing market-ready products from wild edibles and medicinal plants while connecting them with buyers. This creates sustainable livelihoods, increases income, and fosters economic independence. Finally, we conduct awareness campaigns to educate communities on biodiversity conservation, the importance of traditional knowledge, and sustainable practices, fostering a sense of ownership and commitment to preserving their natural and cultural heritage.
We aim to achieve transformative outcomes through these activities, including empowering women and marginalised groups, preserving biodiversity and traditional knowledge, and strengthening community resilience and self-reliance. By fostering collaboration between local communities, researchers, and market players, we are working towards a sustainable future rooted in the rich traditions and natural wealth of the region. Together, we can create a lasting impact and ensure that the unique heritage of Jammu and Kashmir is preserved for generations to come.
List of products available in J&K
Sr. No. | Kashmiri Products | Value Added Products |
---|---|---|
1. | Gurez Peas | Apple Chips |
2. | Gurez Kala Jeera | Apple Cider Vinegar |
3. | Gurez Pinga Rice | Honey Base Quince Muraba |
4. | Gurez Beans | Quince Slices |
5. | Gurez Honey | Quince Bhee dana |
6. | Gurez Ghee | Quince tea |
7. | Kashmiri Rice | Apple Walnut Jam |
8. | Aromatic Rice | Apple sun Dried Slices |
9. | Red Chilly | Sour Apple Pickle |
10. | Red beans | Pear Chips |
11. | Red Moong | Walnut Butter |
12. | Kashmiri Beans (Bagle) | Roasted walnuts |
13. | Mint powder | Walnut Gachak |
14. | Basil Seeds | Apricot Jam Sugar-free |
15. | Shelled Walnuts | Raspberry Jam |
16. | Walnut Kernels | Raspberry Squash |
17. | Almond Kernels | Raspberry fruit bar |
18. | Dried Apricot | Corn soyabean Sato as a supplement |
19. | Ginger Garlic paste | Tomato Passata (Puree) |
20. | Coriander powder | Dry Fruit Honey |
21. | Garlic Paste | Ginger Garlic paste |
22. | Saffron oil mixture for the skin | Coriander powder |
23. | Lavender dried flowers | Garlic Paste |
24. | Lavender Oil | Saffron oil Mixture for the skin |
25. | Cranberry Beans | Green Tea with Lavender essence |
26. | Dried Rose leaves | Pure Rose Water |
27. | Shelled Hazelnut | Kehwa Mix (11 Ingredient) |
28. | Face Scrub | |
29. | Pain Oil | |
30. | Nishasta Premix | |
31. | Herbal Ver Masala | |
32. | Tulsi Infused honey | |
33. | Shilajeet from Himalayan |
Sustaining Traditional Knowledge, Empowering Livelihoods, and Conserving Biodiversity in Geyzing and Soreng District of West Sikkim, Sikkim
Erstwhile West Sikkim district, now divided into Geysing and Soreng, is a region of immense natural beauty, known for its diverse altitude range, rich agriculture, horticulture, and abundant flora and fauna. The district’s elevation varies from 400 meters to over 8,500 meters in the Eastern Himalayas, culminating at the majestic Mount Kanchenjunga (8,586 meters). This vast altitude range creates diverse climatic zones, from subtropical conditions in the lower valleys to alpine weather in the high mountains. The region experiences moderate to heavy rainfall, making it an ideal place for agriculture, horticulture, and biodiversity conservation.
Agriculture is the backbone of West Sikkim’s rural economy. Due to its hilly terrain, terrace farming is widely practised. Farmers rely on organic methods, as Sikkim is India’s first fully organic state. The district primarily produces cereals such as maize, millet, buckwheat, rice, and pulses like rajma, lentils, and soybeans. Spices, particularly large cardamom, ginger, and turmeric, are major cash crops that contribute significantly to the local economy. Traditional farming methods, including the use of compost and local pest control techniques, help maintain soil fertility and ensure sustainable agricultural practices.
Horticulture also plays a vital role in West Sikkim’s economy. The region’s favourable climate supports the cultivation of various fruits, including the famous Sikkim Mandarin (Citrus reticulata), guavas, pears, kiwis, plums, and peaches. Vegetables such as radish, carrot, potato, cabbage, cauliflower, and squash are grown abundantly, catering to local consumption and market as well. Additionally, medicinal and aromatic plants like wild orchids, rhododendrons, chirata, and Himalayan nettle thrive in the region. Floriculture is gaining popularity, with many farmers cultivating rhododendrons and orchids, which are widely admired for their beauty and commercial value
List of Products available in Sikkim
SL.NO. | Product Name |
---|---|
1 | Paheli Dal |
2 | Gahat Daal |
3 | Mix dal |
4 | Mashyam Dal |
5 | Rato Pothrey Dal |
6 | Black Dal |
7 | Majhi Bodi dal |
8 | Small Rajma |
9 | Big Rajma |
10 | Ghew Cibi Dal (Butter Bean) |
11 | Thangrey Mashyam Dal |
12 | Maize rice (Yellow) |
13 | Maize rice (White) |
14 | Turmeric Powder |
15 | Buckwheat flour |
16 | Millet flour |
17 | Ginger Powder |
18 | Churpi Supari |
19 | Millet Chilla Mix |
20 | Buckwheat Chilla Mix |
21 | Millet Drink |
22 | Lemongrass Extracted Water |
23 | Red Cherry Pepper Paste |
24 | Organic Tea Mix |
25 | Nakima Pickle |
26 | Bamboo-Shoot Pickle |
27 | Nutella-Chimphing dry pickle |
28 | Gundruk Dry Pickle |
29 | Radish Pickle |
30 | Red cherry Pepper Powder |
31 | Red cherry pepper Flakes/Dry |
32 | Dalle Chilli Oil |
33 | Rose-Alovera Soap |
34 | Honey-Alovera Soap |
35 | Lavender-Turmuric-Alovera Soap |
36 | Local Organic Ghee |
37 | Local Organic Honey |
38 | Large Cardamom |
39 | Sinkauli Leaves (Bay leaves) |
40 | Organic Tea |


Preserving Traditional Knowledge, Enhancing Livelihoods, and Conserving Biodiversity in Kiphire District, Nagaland, India
In the 20 villages of Kiphire where we work, most people rely on agriculture as their primary source of livelihood. Many are subsistence farming, growing crops to meet their daily needs. Additionally, seasonal labour and artisanal activities also provide some income, although these are often irregular and offer lower earnings. As a result, the income levels in the area are generally low, with few people earning higher wages. The lack of diverse economic opportunities further limits people’s ability to improve their financial situation. This highlights the need for economic development initiatives to create more sustainable livelihoods and improve income levels across the district. It has a distinct cultural and socio-economic context and is relatively one of the most remote regions on the border of Myanmar.
People sustain their lives primarily by Jhum cultivation (shifting cultivation), hunting, and gathering tubers and greens from the nearby jungle areas. In addition, weaving, crafts, and a few other skills are also available in the study villages. The village council members or the Gram Budha (the cultural head of the village, usually the eldest male alive) are the main decision-makers in the village. Many educated youth have generally migrated to Kohima or Dimapur for jobs. Some youth are involved in small-time trading of consumer goods and transport, and some have government service, but many are unemployed. The prevalence of tree cover appears moderate across most villages. “Salomi” reports substantial tree presence, suggesting latent economic gains through timber, non-timber forest yields, or agroforestry. Half the people in “Amahator,” “Changchor,” and “Salomi” get additional income from livestock consisting of pigs, dogs, and poultry. Craft is present in almost all villages, but in only Salomi village, people sell craft products in the market.
Equipment purchased under the project
DBT Assets
S.No | Asset | Supplier | Bill No. | Bill Date | Cost | Location |
1 | Desktop/Laptop | Prime It Solution, G-4 Time Square-II Bodakdev, Ahmedabad- 380054 | 767 | 31-03-2022 | 42,000 | Srinagar (J&K) |
2 | Vegetable Dehydration Machine | Rami International, D-504 Neelkanth, Narol, Ahmedabad- 382445 | 51 / 95 / 20 / 521 | 05-09-2023 | 2,53,110 | Sikkim |
3 | Food Processing & Fractional Distillation Unit | Dynamic Engineers, Vatava Ahmedabad-382440 | 3 | 17-04-2023 | 84,960 | Srinagar (J&K) |
4 | Multipurpose Food Processing Unit | Dharambir Food Processing Technologies Pvt Ltd, Yamunanagar, Haryana-135001 | 281 | 01-06-2022 | 1,06,200 | Sikkim |
5 | Sorting, Grading, Packaging, Portable Loom | Rema Engineers, Rami International, Plot No 5221,Ph-4 Vatva GIDC, Ahmedabad-382445 | 28 / 02 /81 / 282 | 01/03/2024 , 05/09/2023 , 22-09-2023 | 2,71,110 | Kiphire (Nagaland) |




